Vietnamese German University, Ho Chi Minh City Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

Joachim Laemmel Exercises in Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering 1. How many electrons are at the electrodes of a capacitor if the electric charge is Q = -0.1C ?
solution: z = 6.25x1017

2.

Which electric field strength exists in the field of a capacitor with plate electrodes at a voltage between the electrodes of U = 220V and a distance of the plates of 5cm or 0.01mm ?
solution: E = 44V/cm and E = 220kV/cm

3.

A plate capacitor with an area of the electrodes of A = 78 cm and a distance between the plates of d = 0.4mm takes over a charge of Q = 6.6310-7As at a voltage of U = 600V. Calculate the relative permittivity of the insulating material between the electrodes.
solution: r = 6.4

4.

Calculate the total capacity of the following circuits:

solution: C41 = 0,125nF

solution: C42 = 5,75nF

solution: C43 = 2nF

solution: C44 = 1/3nF

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solution: C45 = 27,3pF C46 = 5,2F

C47 = 720pF

5.

Two capacitors in series connection both with a capacity of C = 3nF are charged at a voltage of U = 30V. Calculate the charge of both capacitors.
solution: Q1 = Q2 = 45x10-9As

6.

A capacitor with two plate electrodes and air between is connected at a voltage of U = 220V. a) Calculate the charge Q1 on the electrodes. b) Now we disconnect the voltage source. How charge Q2 and voltage U2 are changed if clear water (r = 80.8) is brought between the electrodes? c) What happens if the voltage source in case b) remains connected?
solution: a) Q1 = 22x10-9As; b) Q1 = Q2; U2 = 2.75V; c) Q3 = 17.8x10-7As

7.

A capacitor with air as dielectric is charged at a voltage of U = 10kV. A charge results of Q = 2x10-8As. After disconnecting the voltage source the capacitor is casted with paraffin (r = 2) including the space between the electrodes. a) What is the value of the capacitance before casting? b) Calculate the charge, the voltage and the capacitance behind casting. solution: a) C1 = 2pF; b) Q1 = Q2 = 2x10-8As; U2 = 5kV; C2 = 4pF A capacitor with a homogeneous field in two layers is given. The applied voltage is U = 10kV. The insulating material of the first layer is air (d1 = 9.5mm, r1 = 1). The material of the second layer is hard paper (d2 = 0.5mm, r2 = 5). In which way the voltage will be distributed on the two layers? Calculate the electric field strengths (E1 and E2) inside the layers.
solution: U1 = 9,896kV; U2 = 0,104kV; E1 = 10.4kV/cm; E2 = 2.1kV/cm

8..

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9.

Calculate the number of electrons flowing through a cross section of a conductor per second, if the current is 1A.
solution: z = 62.5x1017

10.

A coil has 5000 windings. The diameter of the windings is d = 6.5cm. Calculate the electric field strength E inside the conductor, if the voltage between both ends of the coil is U = 7.9V .
solution: E = 7.74mV/m

11.

By means of a copper wire ( = 56,2106S/m, l = 1m und A = 1mm) an 12-V accumulator is short-circuited. Calculate the current trough the conductor. (The allowed current for copper wire at this cross section is I = 20A!)
solution: I = 675A

12.

A cable with two wires and a length of l = 1000m has a short circuit between the wires on its length. By means of a measuring bridge we measure between the beginning of this two wires a resistance of R = 39,22. Calculate the distance between the place of measurment and the short circuit, if the diameter of the wires is d = 0,8mm and the conductivity of copper Cu = 56,3m/mm.
solution: l = 555m

13.

The ui-characteristic of a diode is given by the following values U / V 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 I / A 0.115 0.1 0.8 5.0 10.1 17.0 Draw the ui-characteristic and determine the d.c. resistance and the a.c. resistance in the point (1.0V/5A).
solution: R = 0,2, r = 30m

14.

Calculate the resistance of a conductor rope from aluminium with a cross section of A = 120mm2, = 0,02857mm/m and a length of l = 1km. Determine the losses per kilometer, if the current flow is I = 390A.
solution: R = 0,238, PV = 36,2kW

15.

Calculate the resistance of the series connection of the following circuits: a) R1 = R2 = 100 b) R1 = 1, R2 = 2, R3 = 100.
solution: a) R = 200 b) R = 103

16.

Calculate the resistance of the parallel connection of the following circuits: a) R1 = R2 = 100, b) R1 = 1, R2 = 100, c) R1 = 200, R2 = 200, R3 = 100, d) R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = 4.
solution: a) R = 50 b) R 1, c) R = 50 d) R = 1

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17.

Calculate the resistance of the following circuits: a) b)

solution: R11 = 6

solution: R12 = 42

c)

d)

solution: R13 = 5,5

solution: R14 = 8,6

18.

Calculate the value of the resistance RAB .

solution: RAB = 8k

19.

Determine by means of the voltage- or/and the current divider rule the following quantities a) U2n b) I1n c) I2n and d) I4n if R1 = 6, R2 = R3 = 4, R4 = 5, U1 = 10V. 1.) 2.) 3. )

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solution:

a) U21 = 4V; U22 = 2.5V = U23 b) I11 = 1A; I12 = 1.25A = I13 c) I21 = I11 = 1A; I22 = I12/2 = 0.625A = I23 d) I4 = 2A

20.

Calculate the voltage U 2 , if U1 = 10V. R1 = 24 , R2 = R3 = R4 = 12

solution: U 2 = 6 V

21.

Which value have the Resistor R, if U 2 = 0, 2U 1 is true?

solution: R = 2 , 57

22.

Calculate the current trough the resistor Rx, if the total current I of the circuit is I = 10A. The parameter of the resistors are R1 = 24; R2 =19 and Rx = 72.
solution: Ia = Ib = 2,5A

23.

The voltage drop over the resistor R1 is UR1 = 100V. a) Calculate the current I2 trough R2. b) How much is the power loss in R3? R1 = 10k; R2 = 12k; R3 = 36k
solution: a) I2 = 7 , 5mA, b) PR 3 = 225mW

24.

a) A 220-V light bulb has a power of P = 60W. Calculate the current. b) Which power is lost in the bulb, if the voltage is increasing by 20%?
solution: a) I = 273mA b) P = 86W

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25.

Which is the power loss in the beside shown circuit? a) for R1 = R2 = 10 and R3 = 15 b) for U = 100V and the resistors of a) c) for R1 = R2 = 1k, R3 = 1, 5k
solution: a) P = 20W b) P = 500W c) P = 200mW

26a)

Formulate the node and mesh equations for the shown circuits.
0 = + I1 I2 I6 0 = + I2 + I3 + I5 0 = I1 I3 I4

solution: K1:

K 2: K 3:
MI: MII: MIII:

U q1 = I1 R1 I2 R2 + I3 R3 +U q 2 = I3 R3 + I4 R4 + I5 R5

U q3 = + I 2 R2 I 5 R5 I 6 R6

26b)
solution: K1:
0 = I2 + I3 + I5 0 = I1 I3 I4 0 = + I4 I5 I6

K 2: K 3:
MI: MII:

U q 2 U q1 = + I1 ( R1 + R2 ) I3 R3 U q 3 U q 2 = + I5 R5 I6 R6

MIII: U q 4 = + I3 R3 I4 ( R4 + R7 ) I5 R5

27.

Calculate the open-circuit voltages UlAB and the internal resistances Ri of the following active terminal circuits a) b)

solution: U lAB =

U q1 R2 R1 + R2

, Ri =

R1 R2 R1 + R2

solution: U lAB =

U q1 R2 R1 + R2

+ U q 2 , Ri =

R1 R2 R1 + R2

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c)

d)

solution: U lAB = U q1 U q 2 , Ri = 0

solution: U lAB =

(U q1 + U q 2 ) R2 R1 + R2

, Ri =

R1 R2 R1 + R2

e)

f)

solution: U lAB = U q 2 , Ri = 0

solution: U lAB =

U q1 R2 R1 + R2

U q 2 , Ri =

R1 R2 + R3 R1 + R2

g)

solution: U lAB =

(U q1 U q 2 ) R2 R1 + R2

, Ri =

R1 R2 R1 + R2

28.

Calculate the source voltage Uq and internal resistance Ri of the sketched active terminal circuit.

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U q1 = U q 2 = U q 3 = 10V,

R1 = 6, R2 = 14, R3 = R4 = 20, R5 = 15
solution: Ri = 25: Uq = 25V

29.

Determine the current trough the resistor R2 by means of a procedure of your choose. U q1 = 12, 5V, U q 2 = 20V,

R1 = 5, 5k, R2 = 20k, R3 = R4 = 10k

solution: I R 2 = 1mA

30.

a) Calculate for the beside sketched combination the parameter for the active and the passive terminal circuit. b) Determine in consequence the current trough the resistor R5. U q1 = 10V, U q 2 = 20V, R2 = 15,

R3 = 5, R4 = 24, R5 = 12
solution: a) U qers = 20 V , Riers = 20, Raers = 8, b) I5 = 0, 47 A

31.

Calculate the internal resistances of both voltage divider from the low voltage side. a) b)

solution: a) Ria = 18, b) Rib = 6

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32.

A DC generator supplies a motor, an electric haeter and a light equipment. a) Find the open-circuit voltage Uq related to the terminals A and B. b) Calculate the internal resistance Ri of the aktive terminal circuit. c) Give the equation for the calculation of the resistance of the passive terminal circuit. d) Determine the current of the heater.
solution: a) U qers = d) I H =

U qg ( Rim + Rl ) + U qm Rig Rig + Rim + Rl

, b) Riers =

Rig ( Rl + Rim ) Rig + Rl + Rim

, c) Raers =

RB RH RB + RH

RaersU qers U mit U = Riers + Raers RH

33.

Two generators with different internal resistances supply a motor: G1: Uq1 = 62V Ri1 = 0,5; M: Rim = 0,6125, G2: Uq2 = 60V Ri2 = 0,3;. The internal voltage source of the motor induced in the rotor is changing with the load (speed) of the motor. In different operation points results a) Uqm = 58V, b) Uqm = 52V, c) Uqm = 44,75V. Calculate the voltage at the motor terminals UM = UAB and the currents of the generators.
solution: UM = 60,1V/58,7V/57V; IG1 = 3,79A/6,6A/10A; IG1 = -0,35A/4,43A/10A

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