www.sakshieducation.

com

Z ]l*^, {> ]l]l

t$$(t MS]lMS)
{`-]l -M> ]l$_ ]l*]l]l ]l*-fZ H JMS -]lZ ]l*-^ { f$-VS$l*
E. -l-l-Z ]l$ M>Z A]l--> M l ]l]l]l$ {-^$.
lS -l-l-Z 14]l --Z Ol$*$ -MS$-O]l ]lyl-*$ - A]l-> M l

]l]l-]l$ --^$. {^lZ Al t (l l) ]l]l MSW]l l l l

M>]lyl . BVS- ]l M>Z Dtyl* MS l]l ]l]l--> - M
l ]l]l ]lyl-. t $]l$ lZ lls V> 1766Z z >t MSl

{lst$. l>l l tVS 1774Z t ]l*t f]l MSl ^l lV> MSMS

f]l t$ (iK)]l$ H>r$ ^l D ]l]l]l$ ]l$l Zl ^l>$. l>l Cl

{ylO]l ]l${$Z 1786Z]l*, ]lZ 1793Z]l* iK$ {]l$*.

-l-l-Z l M>-MS-- ^lst 1-8-3-7Z ylo M>Z ^l>$. AMt- 1,

18-37]l Bl$-MS l M>>-* {^$. D ^lrt ]lyl$ {ylZ

t$s JMS Vyl$VS$ MSlMS$ _a A l $ZMS ^la. A]ll 1854

t$ ^lrt l l ]l]lZ N P$ l* {$l E]l ]l]lMS$

}M> ^l$st . t > ^MSV> El->$ l ylo M>Zl {Ol$. C
1856 AMt 1 ]l$_ A]l$$ZMS ]l_a. {$l t $$ 1898 t$ ^lrt
MSl ^l$. l> M>Z 19]l _]l ]l$_ t >Q l l
$ r$ ]l$ Bz, MSVS, C]l*]l$ ]l]l$ MS*y A.
l{l ]l_a]l ]l$$Z lZ 23,444 t$$ E. Al$Z 19,184
t$$ {V>$ {Z]l$, 4,160 rt {Z]l$ E. 2009 ]l*a 31 sMS
lZ 1,55,837 t$$ ^l$ylV> Al$Z 1,39,144 {V>$ {Z]l$, 15,871
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

rt {Z]l$ ^l$. lZ VSr$]l 21 ^l.MS.$. {MS, $]l*$ 7175

]l$MS JMS t$ ^]l ]l$. {$l t$$ VS MS, t
O C]l*l, ]ll ^l#$, ]l$ {sl ]l$ MS*y A$. 2011 ]l*a 31
sMS t >Q ll M> yl $]l 5,82,832.9 Mr$. t >Q l]l* MS*y
W. 2009&10 ]llZ *.6,266.70 Mr$ E]l B$ 2010&11 sMS 11 >l
W *.6,954.09 MrMS$ ^l. lZ 1.5 S t$]l$ N MS$$V>

]l*>a]l {l]l MS*y ]lZ E. t >QZ $]l*$ 2.10 S ]l$

EVS$$ E$. AVS 2.73 S ]l$ {V>$ yMS ]lMSV> ^l$$. AVS ]l*a

31, 20-1-1 sMS B{l-{-l-Z ll 16,150 t$ E. Cl$Z y t

Q 104.
t()Myl: _$]l*$(*VS$yl$)MS$ lVSOl$]l MS_alOl$]l ]l$ A^l

El t >Q 1972Z t CylMS l (PINCode)]l$ {lst. D l Myl

B$ Q$ MSW Er$. lZ ll 9 l ]l$yl$, 8 {$ ]l$yl$, JMS
MS]l ]l$yl H>r$ ^l>$. D QZ lls Q {$ ]l$yl(gZ)

*_$. y Q E {$ ]l$yl (gZ), ]ly Q h]l$

*_. _]l ]lyl$ Q$ MS tVS/l]l* ylfl, yl]l t$]l$

*_.

t gZ: ]l$]l lZ {$l 8 t gZ$.

gZ

1.
l, f]l M>, >, g, ^lyl$, ]l*^l {l.
2.
El{l, El>^l
3.
>f, VS$f>, {]lVS, l, ]l$ yl
4.
]l$l{l, ]l$>{t, V, blVSy
5.
B{l{l, MS>~rMS
6.
l$yl$, MS, S, #l$^la
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

7.
8.

a]l$V>, MSP, J 7 D>]l >{t$, Ayl]l* M ]l#$

, gy

lls 2/3 l Myl Q$ *_^l >$

& l

11& 13

&
>

14& 15

& g

16

&^lylVSl

17

& ]l*^l {l

18 ]l$_ 19

& f]l&M>

20 ]l$_ 28

& El {l/El>Qyl

30 ]l$_ 34

& >fl

36 ]l$_ 39

& VS$f>l

40

& V

49

45 ]l$_ 48

& ]l$>

& ]l$l {l

40 ]l$_ 44

11

& ^lVSl

& B{l{l

50 ]l$_ 53
56 ]l$_ 59

& MS>~rMS

60 ]l$_ 64

& l$yl$

67 ]l$_ 69

& MS

682

& S

70 ]l$_ 74

& a]l$ V>

744

& Ayl]l*l, M ]l#$

75 ]l$_ 77

& Jyl>

78

&A
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

79

& A$^l {l

793, 794, 783 123

& l$*$

795

& ]l$N

796

& $gZ>

799

& {#

80 ]l$_ 85

& , gU yl

t$MS$ _]l M>{MS]l$(chronology)

1766
>t OMS ]l$]llZ V> t ]l]l]l$ {^yl$.
tV MSMS f]l t]l$ {^yl$.

1837

l lZ l ]l$ {

1852

lrt lls t t# yM]l$ MS>`Z g ^l>$.

1854

lrt lls A l t t # g

1854
1876

t ^lrt 1854 > AMt 1]l l l >Q H>r$

]l$]ll ]l t $Z ^lMS

1880

]l$ Bz ]l$ {Ol$]l ]ll

1884

t$Z ]l* MS, l$$ MS^$.

1911
1949

Gl$ ]l$ {(Al ]l$_ OlsMS$)

t, s{V> Z$z {

1972

l Myl ]l]l {

1986
1990

l]l y t(EMS) {
t$ MSNrMS {

1995

* t O C]l* {

2001

Cr]l ]l$ {s ]l$ {

2009

l >QZ sM>i Bl ]l M {gMS$t {.

1774

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

]l$M ]lR>$
& l MS--]l$ "-s' As$.
& { ^lZ A l l l ]l]l MSW]l l & l
& lZl All VS t & ]lO
& ]l$]llZ AlMS t$$ MSW]l >{t & El{l
& t M>z l *_ & y

& -l-l-Z l-- 18-5-2Z MS>-`Z yl$-lO. -$ -yM

& {--^lZ lls l-- 18-40Z CVSy yl$l ^l. -$ --M.
& -l-l-Z -My ]l]l]l$ BVSt 15, 19-7-2]l {^$.

& 18-5-1Z MS-MS-&Oyl]l$y - ]l$l {*-V>-l-MSV> s{V> MS {Ol$.

& 19-86Z y t]l$ {--^$.

& {^lZl AMSV> ]l$V>O 80 l>MS$ OV> t t#$ yl$l ^l>.

l b]l$ : {$l l M> b]l $ *VS$MS$ ]l$$. D

b]ls 1994Z H>r$ ^l>$.

l${sZ b]l: l${sZ ]lVS> ]l$l (]lO MSMS, l, ^lOl, VS*$, Ol>)
]l$l l ]l^lyMS 1994Z {^$.
>f b]l: l ]l$_ Cl {MS$ sy ^l$yMS D bl]l$ H>r$ ^l>$.
D b]lMS$ $#VS$ l st]l$ E*W$$.
{X b]l: {]l ]lVS>Z MSV> sy ^l$yMS 1994 Z H>r$ ^l>$. M
BMS$^la l st]l$ H>r$ ^l>$.
hl b]l: l ]l M {^$.
*ylMS b]l: , ]l*, S {MS$, ]l*VSOg$ > ^l$yMS H>r$ ^l>$.
E{VS ^]l: BO > ]l$ Bz$ ^l$yMS El_]l bl.

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

Z ]l*^, {> ]l]l

{M> VS ({s $yl*)

l lZ > {MS$ {^l$l M>]lyl llr 18]l Z {]l$.

MMS ]l$_ {^l$lOl$]l "V> VShs' (MSMS f]l AylOsf) BVS {MS lZ
lls >{MS. D {MS]l$ gl$ BVSt MS 1780, f]l]l 29]l CXZ {^l$^$.
l>l "l Cyl* VShs', "l ]l${ M$l', "l Z >z' ]ls {MS {^l$
{]l$. D {MSZ {]lV> {s ]lZ E]l {MS$ _]l
]l*^ Eyl. 1822Z VS$f>Z {Ol$]l " ]l*^' B*Z CsMS
{^l$l]l$]l#l$]l #>l]l {MS.

B l>l "Osl$ B Cyl*"]l$ 1838Z "l Z Osl$ Ayl f B M>]l$'

$]l ]ls, M>l Ayl MS ]lO ]l$_ {^l$_. l>l 1961Z Osl$ {VS*#
"GMS]l$MS Osl$', "]l]ll Osl$'(), "]l$>w Osl$' (]l$>w) {MS]l$ {_.
{^l {M> VSZ O^l l>l yl]l ]lZ E.
V> ]l$_ V> Z {^l$lOl$]l "]l*^ l' $ Z
{^l$lOl$]l lls > {MS. l>l V> VShs, ]lO ]l$_ "Z ]l*^'
]l^a. lls > {M "]l*^ $ ]l' 1854Z {Ol$ $PSlZ
{f]l t_. D {MSMS$ _]l AN Bl { l Z AlMS >
{MS$ {]l$*. {$l l l ]l*^ ]l]lZ {s, G{M>tMS
$yl*$ {]l]llOl$]l {l]l$ $. {$l (2011 yl 29 sMS) lZ
ht A]l >{MS$/*ylMS Q 82,237. sZ AlMSV> Z 7910
> {MS$ {^l$l]l$]l#l$. JMSP 2010&11Zl 4853 {MS$ ]ll*l*.
{$l AMS QZ {MS$, ]l*VSOg]l$ l$]lyl$l$]l >{t El{l, yl]l ]lZ
l E. l>l CXZ AMS QZ {MS$ l$]lyl$l$. GMS$P]l Z
J(18) l>l ]l$>{t(17)Z {MS$ {^l$l]l$]l#l$.
h{t B ]l* : h{t B ]l* Cyl* (BGlI) 1956 kO 1]l
H>r$ ^l>$. 1953Z Hyl]l lls { MS$l $ l$MS$ BGlI *#l$MS$.
BGlI]l$ { h{t A MS*y As$. BGlI Hs yl 31Z# lZ A
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

> {MS N ]l*^ lMS *Z {$MS A^.

{ C]ll *: MS{l {$MS _]l ]l*^> A^l MSMS VSl$
"{ C]ll *' (I). {$l $, M>{MS]l*$, >$, f*]l$
GsMSyl$ {s, G[M>tMS $yl*MS$ I {M> {MSr]l$, ^l BtMS, MS
{Vyl, { {VS, sZ{V>, {M> ]l*l>$, Cr*S$, { r*$, *
lOsZ yls > A$. A]l${l >QMS$ _]l { g]l$
yl$l ^l$.

]l* Hg$: lZ l$]lyl$l$]l {MSMS$ M>]l ]l*^> GsMS#yl$

U.N.I.BlZ

^ll$yl M {$l lZ 4 ]l* Hg$ ^l$. A

1. { {rt B Cyl* (P.T.I)
2. Olsy ]l* (U.N.I.)
3. ]l*^
4. l* ]l*^
Cl M>MS Z l$]lyl {MSMS$ ]l*^> A^lyMS
>, PTI BlZ "' ^l$.

{ {rt B Cyl* (sI): lZ A l ]l* Hg A]l sI]l$ 1947 BVSt

27]l H>r$ ^l>$. 1949 {]l 1 ]l$_ sI ^l$yl {_. lZ >
{MS MS ]l*^> ^l$M]lyMS S M> V> sI
lM$. Cl$Z $O]llMS SMSOl$]l ]l$ M>Z A^]l
l]l sI ^l$. CW, Z sI ]l$ A$. sI l#]l

]l*^> A^l Hg "' As$. 500 O V> > {MS$ AVS

G l {MS$ sI ^l$$V> E$. l, l>Z A {]l s/yl*
b]lMS$ sI ]l*^> A. ]l*, sZ $ r$ sI ^lMS$
_ l$ MSi$, O , GMS]l$MS , yls Cyl*, {Pl Bl
(]l* Pl, tMS Pl)$$ A$. C M>MS sI&s VS ^l]l$,
M>s yMS$l$r]l$ MS*y Jl l$MS$ ^l yl$l$.
Olsyl ]l* B Cyl* (GlI): 1956 MS ^lrt {M> GlI >
l] $ 1959 yl 19]l H>r$ ^l>$. C 1961 ]l*a 21 ]l$_ ^l$yl
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

{_. { ]l$_ G ^l$$MS$V> ^l$]l GlI lZ N

Ol $ "GlI ']l$ {_]l lls ]l* HgV> VS$# .
Al lMSZ sZ $, {V>MS $]l$ MS*y {_. l>l 1990 lMSZ
E*Z MS*y Ol $]l$ GlIl llr {_.

{ M B Cyl*: {M> l{ S_, > {MS$, > $,

{]l*]l$ l$$VS$^l S 1978Z l$r$ ^lrt l$MS$ "{ M B
Cyl*' H>r. V> { M AlS$ylV> ${ M$t ]l*i {]l
$]l $$^lyl {$V> ]l. MZ ll 28 ]l$ $$
Es$. Cl$Z 20 ]l$ {M> VS ]l$_ Es$. ]l$ Il$VS$$ l$r$ $$
(Cl$Z ]lVS$Y ZMS MS, Cl >f O^ll $ls ^l$). $W]l ]l$VS$Y
l AM>yl$, M B Cyl*, ]ls {V>s MS$l$ JMPMSP
^]l $$.

AlMS $P MSW]l lls 5 ]l{MS$:

{MS $
>{t

1. OlM gV>
El{l

2. O l M P
El{l

3. ]l$* ]l$]l$
MS
]l$*
4. sO l$ B Cyl*
^ >{t$ CX
5.
l*
l$yl$
CX
, CX, l$VS$Z l$]lyl$l$]l ]lQOl$]l ]l{MS$ :

OlM gVS, OlM P, ]l]l Osl$, ZMS]l*]l ]lO ]l*^,

A$j, >(]l*l) >${l () {s*, g MS (g)
gVS, ZM (>f) Bg, A]l$ Eg
CX

Osl$ B Cyl*, l*, l* Osl$, A]l$lg, tsl$,

lMSP {M>MS, (El{l) Cyl$ l() $, H$ Hg,
{s*s, l]l >z (]l*l) aOs ()

l$VS$

S, Dyl$, B{lgZ, >, B{l*$, B{l{, >{l, *

{gMS, ]l]l$ lV> llO]l.
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

Z ]l*^, {> ]l]l

G{M>tM $yl*(Broadcasting)

w
w
w
.s
ak
sh
ie
du
ca
ti
on
.c
om

sf ]l${MS]l$
{^lZ lVSV> ]l V>Z G{M>tM $yl* JMSs. O^l l>l
]l$]l l yl]l ]lZ E. l lZ sfl {>$ 1959 t 15]l
lZ BM> ]llZ {^$. 500 r {sl$r MS]l 25 MSZ$r
Z ]l*{ll$ D {>$ Alg>$. Al ]l* $sl MS*yl]l l
{>$ ]l*{l 1965 ]l$_ {]l$*. l>l Hyl$ ]ll>MS$ ]lZ
y sfl MS{l ^l$yl {_. 1975 sMS MMS, ^lOl, }]lVS,
A]l$l, M ]lVS>MS$ s {>$ A. 1982Z ]l*lZ B* {MSyl
lV> MS sfl {>$ {]l$*. {$l (2011 sMS) lZ 626
s >sOs sfl b]l {>$ A$.
1972
1982
1989
1990
1975

1976

1984

]lOZ sf r {
Z V> s.. M>{MS]l*]l$ MSZ { ^l>$.
{ 1982Z fW]l B*VSl$.
lZ fVS l{l l]l$ lls V> {lS { ^ >$.
M yl El {lS { {.
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) > >sOs
sM>i y$.
JMS Vyl$VS$ MSl ^l$]l l*l, Byl* yl* ]l$_ l*l
l$ ^l ylyl b]l]l$ {^$.
i Gyl$MS sf {gMS$t]l$ {_.Country wide Classroom
$ VSr yl VS u>>]l$ CXZ { ^l$.

sf b]l$
l*l: 1975Z {^$. C g$ sf . {$l 66 l*l
MS{ > 1412 {s$rt 31 b]l$ ]lyl$#l$$. l*l "l, ]l,
$l' Al l ^l$. 2000 ]llZ lZ V> N
M>{MS]l*MS H>Os]l b]l gq l. D b]l]l$ l*l, C>V> l]l K
]ls (CV) MSV> $.
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

w
w
w
.s
ak
sh
ie
du
ca
ti
on
.c
om

Cl b]l

1991Z Z >sOs > {>$ {_]l l ^]l&t

{Ols ^]l&i.s..

1995Z g$
]l$ ]l* r$ O l s $ { ^l ]l {Olr$ b]l &NDTV

lZ All Bl ]l {Olr$ ]l* ^]l&BglM

{$l lZ 2011 f]l]l sMS 626 {$l, {Olr$ ]l* b]l$ E.
Cl$Z 312 ]l* ^]l$, 314 Cl]l l ^]l$ { A]l#l$. 75 l
^]l$ { A]l#l$.

sf {>]l$ MS$ Br > M>MS$y l$V> (*VS$MS) VSMS
>sOs > { ^l$yMS *_]l M>{MS]l$ yO l Mt r$
Z (DTH).
> _{ l W ylhr *Z tV> {>$ f$VS$.

{ $l lZ 6 DTH {Ol yl$ E A :

1. Gs ylhr( Gs)
2. yl s.
3. ssOP(ss {VS*)
4. V s.. ($)
5. yl*M>
6. yO l Mt

l$r$ b]l
l$r$ E$ (>f, ZMS) M>{MS]l*]l$ {lS {
^l$yMS {lMSV> yl$ >sOs ^]l ^l$. 2004 yl 14 ]l$_ D
b] $ l*ll > l$r$ M>{MS]l*]l$ {lS { ^l$yl {^.
yl*, sf { M>{MS]l*]l$ ]l$]llV> {fMS$ ^ll$yl M 1997Z
{Ol$. {$l yl*, sf M>{MS]l*]l$ { *^l]l l$MS {
^l$$.

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

w
w
w
.s
ak
sh
ie
du
ca
ti
on
.c
om

yl* {yl M>tVS

l lZ yl* {>$ 1920 lMS {l]l*Z {]l$*. lls
yl* M>{MS]l* 1923Z yl* MS B Z { ^l. l>l 1927Z ]lO,
MMSZ yl* $]l$ {*V>lMSV> {^$. {$l D {sl$r]l$
1930Z l]l B]lZMS $M "Cyl$l {ylM>tVS ' r {>]l$
{_. 1936Z B Cyl* yl*V> ]l*>a$. 1957 ]l$_ "BM>' r
{ ]l$$.
{$l B Cyl* yl* {^lZl A l yl* {ylM>tVS ]l]lZ
JMSsV> { ^l. l{]ll lZ 6 yl* t]l$ 18 {sl$sVS
MS{$ ]l*{ll$ Eyl. s {>$ lZ 11 >l {fMS$, 2.5 >l {MS$
]l*{ll$ ^l. {$l (yl 2009 sMS) lZ 375 {sl$r 233
yl*t]l$ ^l$. s {>$ 99.16 >l {fMS$, 91.82 >l {MS$
Al$l$.
GG yl* {yl M>tVS $ZMS {lr$ ]l$ A]l$]l$* 1999Z
{$l g&1 ]l {MSs_. G.G. >MS D ]l Al A]l$MS*V>
MS]lyl {lr$ $ AlV> ^ll$. l>l D P* yMSt
A$l ${ MS$s, {s$$ ^l]l $ l$MS$ 2005Z {$l g&2 {lsMS
P]l$ {MSs_. sMS A ]l>Y ]l$_ Bl*l _. g&2 l>l 338
{MS]l$ B ^l$V> 237 A]lyl$ *.
{
ll Al ]l*^ { ({yl M>tVS) "{ '. C N $
{ ]lyl^l . l>Z ]l*V> {$l gZMS N $ { ]lyl^l
{ M>]l yl]l*yl$MS$ A]l$VS$V> l$r$ 1990Z JMS ^lst Bl*_.
Al C 1997 t 15MS$ V> ^lr* al$. 1997 ]l]l 23 ]l$_ {
^l$yl {_. { >Q BlZ ^l$]l l*ll sfl,
B Cyl* yl* (BM>) $ { MSlMS$ ]l^a.
yl* {> ]l${MS]l$
1923
]lO ]l$_ lls { M>{MS]l$ {. MSMS, ]lOZ
{Olr$ *f]l*]lZ ]l$ yl$ { ]l$ {]l$*.
1927
z C ]lOZ AM>MSV> yl* {>$ {^yl$.
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

1930

w
w
w
.s
ak
sh
ie
du
ca
ti
on
.c
om

1936
1957
1965
1967
1988
1997
2001

MSMS, ]lO {yM>tV $]l$ ]l ^l Cyl$ {yM>tV

{^$.
Cyl$ {yM>tV $]l$ B Cyl* yl*V> ]l*$ (AIR)
B Cyl* yl*]l$ BM>V> $$$
l > { {
lls f {MSr]l$ {
l ]l yl* b]l {
lZ lls G.Gl$ t ^ll ]l$_ {
{Olr$ VSZ G.Gl$. VS*$Z {.

Cl *$
& 2012rMS lV> 208 { MS{$ 100 Mr {f]l$, 90 >l *V>
^l$l$.
& B Cyl* yl* 24 Z l]l {>]l$ A$.
& {$l lV> {Ols *f]l*]lZ 248 G.Gl$ t]l$ { A]l#l$.
& ]l$>{t AlMSV> 31 G.Gl$. yl* b]l]l$ MSW E.
& B Cyl* yl* lV> A {]l ]lVS>Z { ^l$]l G.Gl$. b]l
Z({MS&101.9).
& V G.Gl$. y G.Gl$. yl*s, yl* $a llO]l ]lQOl$]l {Olr$ b]l

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

Z ]l*^, {> ]l]l

sMS]lMS

MSMS Oyl]l$y ]l$l s{V>, s O l>$.

MSMS lls s , GMSg {
s, s{V> ]l]l$ l O ]l]l A]l$]l
lZ Ol s{V> MS {l st$.
]l*Z BsZl$sM s GMSeg]l$ {--^$.
Cyl$ s Cyl{t {
sM ]l(Telex Policy) {-
lls Gsyl MS M& M>]l* ]l$l {l---st$
>s-Os G- t- {.
l l- ->-Q- ]l$_ sM> ]l]l-]l$ l$ -^l->$.

1851
1881
1900
19-0219-131948
19-53
19-6019-8019-75

lls V> 18-8-1Z CVSyMS$ ^l]l K$r s MSMS lZ s

MS H>r$ ^l$-y-MS {$l A]l$-]l$ C_a. f]l-]l 28, 18-82]l MS-MS, ,
]l${$, A----Z s- GMSeg$ l-M-$. {^l s MS]lMS VSZ
2]l ]lZ E.
l, s{V>, s, M, {-MS$, yl*, sf llO]l]l {-$
]l*-^, { ]l]l-Z Al->-V>$. C lsMSl l{l l--$V> ^l.
Bl$MS ]l*-^ ]l]l-Z s--r$ lO ]l$, MSNr$, Crs, s$
]l*^ { lZ Al>VS]l$*. ylh-r MS-MS gq]l A-]l- -^l-]l
-lV> D ]l*-^ { l-- - A]l$--]l]l$]l#l* $-sl ]l]l-V>
- ^l$. Ml ]l*-^ ]l]l]l$ C]l OlV> $$$. >W- -VS ]lZ
Bt-MS O MS$ ylMS ]l*-^ ]l]l-Z --l-MS- ]l*$-MS$ M>Ol$. Bt-MS
MS$-Z ]l*-^ M> MS *Z {--]l$-]l#-l$. s MS- V>MS sf
MS--$, yl* _{-]l$ JMS Bt-MS > All lVSV> { ^l$-y-MS
-]l#-. l, ]l*-^- -{-->-]l$ $l ^l ]l$t$yl* MS -lV>
yl$MSZMS ]l_a. O{y O M*M (HFC) MS-MS -gq-]l yl*, sf,
s MS--]l$ JMS MS$ > { ^l$$.

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

19-8519-8520-00
2000
20-11

2002
2003

lO MS {^$.
l, ]lOZ ]l$]lVS sM> VS $sy (GsGG) H>r$ ^l>$.
AMt--Z ^ VS $sy (GGG) {--^$.
BVS $t 13 ]l$_ {Olr$ VSZ STD ]l$ {
]l*a 31 sMS >{tZ 169 *VS$ -MS-{$, 4,266 s
GMSeg$ E.
{V>]l* M {V>$ ^ ]lM lMS {
]l OV ]l {. M s{V> ^lrtZ ]l ^l>$.

^ VS $sy): 2000 AMt l, ]lO l l ll s

]l$ Alg$. Excel, Cellone Al $ ]l$, y O ]l$ A$.

BSNL(

]lQOl$]l sMS $
TRAI (sMS VS$r As B Cyl*): 1997 lZ {$l, {Olr$ sMS
MS ${l {]l El. sM> $, ]l*YlM>$ *^lyl,
sZPMS$ {MStl$ MSsyl ]ls ]l$$ ^l$.

^ VSl$ $sy): l>Z s MS]lMS M VSNL 1986Z

{^$. 2002Z {Olr$ ^l$yl ss $ 25 >l sO.

VSNL(l

(]l$]lVS s VSl$ $sy) 1986 MS]l ]lO, l {Z ]l*{ll$

s ]l$ A$. y, VS$yl Al $]l$ A$.
MTNL

www.sakshieducation.com