INTERNATIONALCivil Engineering OF TechnologyENGINEERING AND International Journal of JOURNAL and CIVIL (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN

0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)
ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), pp. 41-49 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.html Journal Impact Factor (2011): 1.2000 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJCIET
IAEME

AUTOMATIC MULTICHANNEL DRIP IRRIGATION

Mr. B. M. Kharat Student M.E. J.N.E.C., Aurangabad, Maharashtra balasahebji@rediffmail.com Prof. V. A. Kulkarni Associate Professor J.N.E.C., Aurangabad, Maharashtra vishwashri@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT This paper proposes automized system for efficient use of water in Agriculture. India, seems to be significantly behind in terms of automation and sophistication in agriculture. We are not able to cultivate faster and maximize our yields through automation. We therefore thought of applying the field of electronics to our main occupation i.e. agriculture. Efficient irrigation is the process of developing a technique which supplies precise amount of water and nutrients directly to the root zone of the plant, offering adequate irrigation and sufficient quantity of water. It discourages the growth of weeds and helps to prevent from fungal diseases which often grow in moist environment. Since today, world water resources are diminishing at a higher rate, therefore we have involved Drip Irrigation System .This saves water and delivers water using mainlines, sub-mains and lateral lines with emission points along their lengths. Each dripper/emitter, orifice supplies a precisely controlled uniform application of water, nutrients and other substances required by the plants in proper amount. Thus, this system ensures that plants never suffer from water stress, enhancing quality, its ability to achieve optimum growth and high yields. The proposed system deals with both automatic and manual parts. When automatic system fails, it is indicated by system failure circuit. 1. INTRODUCTION In the proposed system, the most significant advantage is that when proper amount of water gets by roots of the plant, that time the water supply section automatically turns OFF. This avoids great wastage of water. 41

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

Presently, the farmers in India are using irrigation techniques through manual control. This process sometimes consumes more water or sometimes the water reaches late due to which the crops get dried. Water deficiency can be detrimental to plants before visible wilting occurs. Slowed growth rate, lighter weight fruit follows slight water deficiency. This problem can be easily rectified if we use automated irrigation in which the irrigation will take place only when there will be requirement of water. 2. NEED OF PROJECT As we know that in India more than 70 % population depends on Agriculture or agriculture product and the backbone are Farmers. But looking at the current scenario, Farmers are facing lot of problems due to following reasons: Lack of sufficient electricity to run the electrical water pumps. More man power requirement for better utilization of recourses. High electricity charges. CO2 Emission in electricity generation. Existing systems not user friendly and Unreliable. Hazardous to handle the high voltage for irrigation pumps. So we need to develop such system which will take care of above problems & same time it will be economical to the Farmers . Secondly, the issues like global warming, pollution (air, water, land) and unbalance of natural cycle are of major concern. The following graph shows the CO2 emission in different power plants for generation of 1kW of electricity. This gives us the idea of amount of pollution generated by CO2 emission.

Fig 2.1Graph depicting CO2 Pollution

3. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 3.1 Block diagram of Microcontroller based irrigation and water lifting system by using wind energy.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

Fig 3.1 Block diagram of Microcontroller based irrigation and water lifting system by using wind energy. Black color line indicates Mechanical coupling. Pink, blue & brown, color line indicates Electrical signal flow. Sky-blue color line indicates water flow.

Explanation of each Block in Short: Wind Mill- It is a like fan but the operation wise it is totally opposite. The wind mill converts dynamic energy of air in to the mechanical energy. Voltage Generator This devise converts mechanical energy in to the electrical energy which is required to operate the microcontroller base system as well as the light in a Watchman cabin. Water Pump This is mechanical water pump to lift the water from a well or bore which is gate varied as per the required application. Water Tank It is simple plastic or concrete water tank for storage and distribution of water and its size and height is depends on the different application. Voltage Regulator This is an electronic circuit which performs regulation that means in spite of any unregulated input the output is near by fixed voltage. Battery Bank- This is lead acid 12 volt battery which is required to store electricity generated form voltage generator. This energy than required for supplying the electricity to the Microcontroller base circuit and valve assembly as well as Light for watchman cabin. Light for watchman This is the provision of light required for watchman in night. Microcontroller This is an electronic circuit which as the intelligent feature to sense the various parameters like Pressure, Water level in the well, Soil conductivity and take the necessary action .It is the brain of my system and takes all course of action required to make the efficient use of water for irrigation. Water Pressure Sensor This is Mechanical diaphragm type pressure sensor which is required to sense the sufficient pressure to operate the drip irrigation system. Valves for irrigation These are the solenoid valves and operated by the microcontroller, when the sufficient pressure is reached in water tank and sense by the pressure sensor. Soil conductivity probe.- These are the simple copper probes inserted at the last of each drip line and indicates that the water is reach at the last point or not .if it is not get 43

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

reached than light with sound indication will occurred and which will help some necessary action for efficient irrigation. 1 . Wind Mill:

to take

Fig 3.2 Vertical Axis Wind Turbine 3.2 Voltage generator (The Alternator) The alternator uses the principle of electromagnetism to produce current. The way this works is simple. If you take a strong magnet and pass it across a wire, that wire will generate a small voltage. Take that same wire and loop it many times, than if you pass the same magnet across the bundle of loops, you create a more sizable voltage in that wire. There are two main components that make up an alternator. They are the rotor and the stator. The rotor is connected directly to the alternator pulley. The drive belt spins the pulley, which in turn spins the rotor. The stator is mounted to the body of the alternator and remains stationary. There is just enough room in the center of the stator for the rotor to fit and be able to spin without making any contact. The stator contains 3 sets of wires that have many loops each and are evenly distributed to form a three phase system. On some systems, the wires are connected to each other at one end and are connected to a rectifier assembly on the other end.

Fig 3.3 Voltage Generator

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

3.4 Rope pumps assembly

Fig 3.4 Rope pump assembly 3.5 Water feed Valve A solenoid valve has two main parts: the solenoid and the valve. The solenoid converts electrical energy into mechanical energy which, in turn, opens or closes the valve mechanically. A direct acting valve has only a small flow circuit, shown within section E of this diagram (this section is mentioned below as a pilot valve). This diaphragm piloted valve multiplies this small flow by using it to control the flow through a much larger orifice.

Fig 3.5 Water Feed Valve 3.6 Master Flow Chart of Overall System

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME
START A Set counter=7 Decrement the count

a
Check for water level high ? yes yes Open valve no.1 Delay of 30 sec. Check for line correction END Check for count=0 no

no

no

? yes
Continue valve no.1 on

Make LED & Buzzer on Delay of 10 sec

no

Check for water level or plant water? yes Close valve no.1 A

Make LED & Buzzer off

Figure 3.6: System Flow Chart The entire irrigation of the farm is managed by the micro-controller based system, which also includes some intelligent features. This system uses water storage tank with

floating sensor to sense the maximum and minimum water level to make the necessary action for water release. Solenoid valves are used for making water tap on and off. This valve operates on 12volt DC supply, supplied by Battery bank. The system employs a rope pump used for lifting of water from the well which has less maintenance as well as less cost. A pipeline checking circuit is used which takes care of pipeline breakage and if it found faulty than the system will give audio-visual indication with the help of Buzzer and LED. A provision for watchman cabin light, which will turn ON automatically in evening and will be turned OFF in morning and the total system cost will be very economical as compare to system. 46 the other system used for automatically operated irrigation

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

4. Comparison of this System with different Irrigation Systems Table 4.1: Comparison of various irrigation systems

S.No Irrigation system Control Water checking Schedulin g facility

Power supply checkin g

User setting storage

Power saving

Water saving

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Surface Irrigation Drip Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Sub Irrigation Manual Irrigation Using Buckets Irrigation using Stones Microcontroller based Irrigation System

Manual Manual Manual Manual

No No No No

No No No No

No No No No

No No No No

No No No No

No Yes Yes No

Manual Manual

No No

No No

No No

No No

No No

Yes Yes

6. 7.

Auto

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

4.2 Experimental Plan

Fig 4.2 Experimental layout

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

5.1 CONCLUSIONS The idea behind this project is to develop an inexpensive and user friendly system which will provide an additional sense to the Agriculture field so that the expenses toward the Electricity, Manpower, and water requirement can be minimized and more efficient water delivery can be made possible. This can be achieved while maintaining simplicity, ease of use, ease of implementation and ease of maintenance. On the basis of the analysis carried out in the present work, the following conclusions are drawn: I use wind energy for providing the proper voltage to the microcontroller and water lifting for efficient working. Under irrigation gives poor salinity control which leads to increased soil salinity with consequent build up of toxic salts on soil surface in areas with high evaporation. This requires either leaching to remove these salts and a method of drainage to carry the salts away or use of mulch to minimize evaporation. Over irrigation because of poor distribution uniformity or management wastes water, chemicals, and may lead to water pollution. Deep drainage (from over-irrigation) may result in rising water tables which in some instances will lead to problems of irrigation salinity. Cost of this project is less as compare to other system because we used the probes and mechanical pressure sensor for water level and soil conductivity. Also we use microcontroller 89c51 rather than other systems for reducing the cost of project. 5.2 Applications 1) In agricultural industry for proper irrigation. 2) For irrigating the playgrounds like Cricket grounds, Golf courses etc. 3) For irrigating the gardens. 5.3 Future Scope The GSM or wireless sensor network can be implemented in the farm field to transfer the various parameters to the central control unit for better management and controlling. REFERENCES [1] N. Argaw. Renewable Energy for Water Pumping Applications in Rural Villages. Period of Performance: April 1, 2001September 1, 2001 [2] Dept. of Energy and Environment Division of Electric Power Engineering CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY. Gothenburg 27-06-2007. [3] Lax son, A., M. Hand, and N. Blair. 2006. High Wind Penetration Impact on U.S. Wind Manufacturing Capacity and Critical Resources. NREL/TP-50040482. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [4] Sterzinger, G., and M. Svrcek. 2004. Wind Turbine Development: Location of Manufacturing Activity. Washington, DC: Renewable Energy Policy Project. 48

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

[5] M. Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded System, Programming Application, Tata McGraw Hill Publication, pp. 118-138. [6] Ajay Deshmukh, Application of Microcontrollers, PHI Publications, pp. 75-101. [7] OP-AMP and linear integrated circuit. (Ramakant Gaikwad) [8] PCB Designing.(W.C. Bosshart) [9] Electronics Circuits and devices.( Boystead and Nashalsky) [10] Mohamedien S.A., Saleh M.M. and Medany M.A., 1995. [11] www.embeddedrelated.com. [12] www.ipan.lublin.pl/int-agrophysics [13] www.ti.com [14] www.bestplrarticles.com [15] www.isnare.com [16] www.freepatentsonline.com [17] www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro

[18] www.windpower.org/composite-85.htm

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