Environmental Fluid Dynamics

Lecturer : Prof. Koji Asai (YU) [Report 1] Name : Benita Nathania NIM : 1291261018 Udayana University, Bali

HOMEWORK Assigned: 11th October 2012 Due: 2nd November 2012 Udayana University Yamaguchi University

Your name: Benita Nathania

u v w 0 is valid. x y z

1. Show that the continuity equation for fluctuated velocities

The velocities (u, v, w) is separated into the averaged components, denoted by an over bar, and the fluctuations, denoted by the prime symbol, as follows: = + ; = = + ; = = + ; = Substitute the above values into continuity equation:

+ +

=0 +
(+)

+ ( )

(+)

=0

+ +

=0

(1.1)

Taking the average of equation (1.1) and using the rule of averaging we can get equation (1.2) :

+ +

=0

+ +

+ + +

+ + +

+ + +

=0
In averaging rule, the averaging of

+ + + +

=0 =0

the averaged value is the same value as the averaged value; =

Based on averaging rules, the averaging of the fluctuation is zero; = 0, therefore:

= 0 substitute

+ +

=0

+ + + +

+0=0 = 0 . (1.2)

Substitute equation (1.2) into equation (1.1) we will obtain equation (1.3) :

+ +

= 0 substitute +

+ +

=0

0+

=0

= 0 (1.3)

Substitute the value of ( , , ) into equation (1.3) we will obtain: = = =

( )

=0

()

()

=0

+ + + + + +

=0
In averaging rule, the averaging of

=0 =0

the averaged value is the same value as the averaged value; =

+ +

=0 =0

+ +

+ +

=0

If we calculate this equation the result will be zero (0), so that the continuity equation for fluctuated velocities
u v w 0 is valid. x y z

2. Neglecting atmospheric pressure, calculating the static pressure p0(z)=0gz at z=500m depth in the ocean. Here 0 is given as 1013kg/m3. Therefore: 0 = 1013 kg/m3 z = 500 m g = 9,81 m/s2 P = ? Answer: P = gz + C ; C =0 P = gz = 1013 3 9,81 2 500 = 4.968.765 kg/ms = 4, 97 x 10-6 Pa
2 1 2 = 1 2 = 1

C is the constant of the integration. The constant integration is determined with the boundary conditions in which the pressure is atmospheric pressure 0 at the water surface (z=0). In this case, atmospheric pressure is neglected 0 = 0, so the value of C = 0.

3. The dynamic pressure of an ocean at rest of density = 0 - e-z/h, where =5kg/m3 and h = 30m. Calculating the pressure (z)=gz at z = 500m and compare it with the result obtained in the above question 2. What do you conclude? Write your conclusion. Therefore: =5 kg/m3 0 = 1013 kg/m3 h =30 m z = 500m g = 9,81 m/s2 P = ?

Answer: First we find the value of dynamic pressure of an ocean at rest of density with this = 0 - e-z/h equation. = 0 - e-z/h 500 30 ) = 1013 3 (5 3 This number is very small; =1013 7 3 2,888874 10
it wont make any significant differences so we can neglect it.

= 1013 kg/m3

The dynamic pressure of an ocean at rest of density 1013 kg/m3, we assume that the water depth is the same z = 500 m. So the value of the dynamic pressure is: P = gz = 1013 kg/m3 x 9,81 m/s2 x 500 m = 4, 97 x 10-6 Pa The conclusion if we compare with the result we obtained in question number 2, the dynamic pressure of an ocean at rest = static pressure. Because the value of e-z/h is very small, we can neglect it. So we get the same number for the water density at both conditions. In this case we assume that the water depth is the same. 4. Show that the geostrophic flow components ug and vg are satisfied the twodimensional continuity equation. The velocity components of the geostrophic flow ug and vg , can be written as follow: =
1

Substitute components of geostrophic flow into the two dimensional continuity equation:

+ = 0

) + (

)=0

2 1

+ = 0

2 1

If we calculate this equation the result will be 0, so that geostrophic components ug and vg are satisfied the two-dimensional continuity equation.