ME/CEE 2342 Fall 2012 Krueger

Answers and Hints for Problem Set #8

8-132) Solution Outline: The heat exchanger appears as follows,


Ignoring minor losses (losses in the header, entrance and exit losses, etc.) the pressure
drop and head loss through each individual pipe is the same, so we can analyze just one
pipe. The streamtube for a single pipe is shown in the figure above. The energy equation
for this stream tube (assuming horizontal pipes) reduces to
L
h p p p = = A
2 1

where
L
h is the head loss due to pipe loss only and is given by equation 8-24 (minor
losses ignored). For a single tube, the flow rate is N Q Q =
1
. Since the flow rate, pipe
diameter, and roughness are known, f can be determined directly from the Moody Chart
(Fig. A-12), which gives f = 0.0213. The pressure drop across the pipes can be found
using these results. To overcome pipe loss only, the pump must supply
L p
h h = for each
tube, so the power required for a single tube is
L
h Q W
1 1
=

(equation 8-25). For all N

tubes, the required pump power is
L L p
Qh h NQ W = =
1

Answers: Ap = 8.95 kPa, kW W
p
134 . 0 =

Long-Time Operation: After the heat exchanger has been operating for a long time, scale
builds up in the tubes, which changes both the tube inner diameter and the roughness.
This changes the flow rate if
p
W

is constant. Since Q is unknown, we must use an

iterative solution to find the new Q. To do this, we need an equation for Q. Combining
the above equations (which are still valid since the tube configuration is the same) gives
3 1
2 5 2
8
|
|
.
|

\
|

t
=
l f
N D W
Q
p

.
[Note: f is unknown because Q is unknown. We cannot use the same f that we used
previously. An iterative solution is required.] Using this equation and the iterative
1 2
Streamtube
Q
Q
1

N = 80 tubes
ME/CEE 2342 Fall 2012 Krueger
procedure outlined in class gives the new flow rate. A good initial guess for Q is the
original flow rate 15 L/s. With this initial guess, the procedure converges to the solution
in about two iterations.

Answer: % Change = % 100

old
old new
Q
Q Q
= - 54% (i.e., 54% lower).
8-62) Solution Outline: Choose a streamtube with the entrance (1) in the left (smaller diameter)
tube and the exit (2) in the right (larger diameter) tube. Use eqn. 5-23 (conservation of
mass) to find
2
V . Applying the energy equation gives
( )
L
h V V p p o + =
2
2
2
1 1 2
2
1

The head loss is given by equation 8-56 (the pipe is short, so losses due to pipe friction
are negligible). The loss coefficient can be found in Table 8-4 (sudden expansion).
Combining results gives the pressure at the outlet. Note that Bernoullis equation gives
the same result as the energy equation, except o = 1 and 0 =
L
h .

Answers: kPa p 6 . 431
2
= and Bernoullis equation gives
2
p too high by 25.3 kPa.
Note: the pressure at the outlet is greater than the pressure at the inlet (i.e., the flow
through the expansion is not driven by a pressure gradient alone).

8-81E) Solution Outline: Based on the problem description, the setup is the following:


The minor losses in the pipe include a well-rounded entrance, a sharp exit, 4 flanged
elbows and one fully-open gate valve. Tallying the loss coefficients from Table 8-4 gives

= 43 . 2
L
K . The energy equation for the streamtube drawn above gives H h
L
= with
L
h given by equation 8-59. The Moody chart gives a friction factor of f = 0.031.
Combining results gives the required H.

Answer: H = 17.4 ft (Note: minor losses account for only 2.2 ft of H.)

(1)
(2)
Q
H
l = 120 ft
ME/CEE 2342 Fall 2012 Krueger
8-94) Solution Outline: An appropriate streamtube for this problem is sketched below:


As specified in the problem, the minor losses along this streamtube are the entrance
(slightly rounded) and two 90 smooth bends (treat them as flanged elbows). Using
Table 8-4 for the minor losses gives

= 72 . 0
L
K . The energy equation for the specified
streamtube reduces to
L p
h
g
V
H h +
o
+ =
2
2
2 2

where H = 5 m (given). (Note: the tank is vented and the jet entering the tank at (2) is a
free jet.) The head loss is given by equation 8-59. The flow rate Q is determined by the
total tank volume divided by the filling time. With the flow rate (and hence, V) known,
the Moody chart gives f = 0.034. The power input to the pump,
motor
W

, can be found
from
p
h using the results on p. 218.

Answer: kW W
motor
73 . 8 =

9-32) Solution Outline: A flow is incompressible only if equation 9-16 is satisfied. Equation
9-17 expresses the general condition in equation 9-16 for rectangular coordinates.
Substituting the given velocity components gives a condition on the constants, a, b, c and
d.

Answer: 0 6 = c a (b and d can be anything).

9-37) Solution Outline: For a 2D, incompressible flow, equation 9-17 requires
x
u
y
v
c
c
=
c
c
.
Substituting for u and integrating gives an expression for v.

(1)
(2)
25 m
4 cm
ME/CEE 2342 Fall 2012 Krueger
Answer: ( ) x f by axy v + + =
2
6 where ( ) x f is an arbitrary function of x. (Note: the
constant of integration is ( ) x f instead of a constant because the integration is of a
partial derivative.)