Answers and Hints for Problem Set #7

8-8C) Solution Outline: see p. 340. Note: transitional flow is not turbulent. Answer: Flow is turbulent if Re > 4000 8-23C) Solution Outline: Use the head loss equation for pipe flow, f = 64/Re for laminar flow, and convert the velocity to flow rate to show that h L 1 D 4 . Answer: (e), h L increases by a factor of 16. 8-46) Solution Outline: Choose a streamtube with the entrance (1) at the free surface of the tank and the exit (2) at the pipe outlet (free jet). Applying the energy equation gives 2V22 hL + H =0 2g where h L is the head loss due to the pipe only and is given by equation 8-24 (minor losses ignored). In this problem, the flow through the pipe, Q, is unknown, so f cannot be found without additional information. In general, this would require an iterative solution. In this case, however, the fluid is very viscous (oil) and the pipe diameter is small (8 mm), so it is reasonable to assume the flow is laminar. Assuming laminar flow, f is given by equation 8-23. Using this result and rewriting V 2 in terms of Q, the energy equation becomes 128l 16 Q2 + 2 4 gD 4 Q H = 0 gD which can be solved using the quadratic formula. Once Q is known, the assumption of laminar flow must be checked by computing the Reynolds number. Answer: Q = 3.98 108 m3 s 8-32) Solution Outline: Choose a streamtube with the entrance (1) at the pipe inlet and the exit (2) at the pipe outlet. Assuming the pipe is horizontal, the energy equation for this streamtube reduces to p = p1 p 2 = hL where h L is the head loss due to pipe loss only and is given by equation 8-24. Since the flow rate, pipe diameter, and roughness are known, f can be determined directly from the Moody Chart (Fig. A-12), which gives f = 0.0157. Parts (a) and (b) can be completed using these results. For part (c), only the pumping power required to overcome the pipe loss is desired. In that case, h p = h L , and the pumping power can be found using equation 8-25.
& Answers: (a) p = 101.4 kPa, (b) hL = 10.3 m , and (c) W p = 0.912 kW .

ME/CEE 2342

Fall 2012

Krueger

8-151) Solution Outline: A schematic of the configuration described in the problem along with an appropriate streamtube is shown below: 1

H Q 2

Reservoir streamtube

Turbine

Reservoir For this streamtube, the energy equation reduces to hT = H hL . Ignoring minor losses, h L is the head loss due to pipe loss only and is given by equation 8-24. For the known flow rate, pipe diameter, and pipe roughness, f can be determined directly from the Moody Chart (Fig. A-12), which gives f = 0.0181. In this case, hT is negative, indicating power input is required for generate the given flow. Then the required power input (assuming the pump and turbine efficiencies are the same) is & Welec ,in = QhT (see p. 218).
& Answer: Welec ,in = 176 kW

Note: The second printing of the book changed H to 115 m, so some of you may have obtained hT > 0. In this case, the turbine does give net power output, given by & Welec ,out = QhT = 310 kW.

ME/CEE 2342

Fall 2012

Krueger