DF 2-8 Manual

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Operating Handbook 18.1.
1994
DF 2-8 II Page I (II)
DF 2-8 2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT

Operating Handbook C33052.20 E2 Contents
1 2 3 4
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION INSTALLATION OPERATION DF 2-8, OPERATION WITH SERVICE TERMINAL (program TS 21905, versions 04A and 04B)
DF200-0449-SEC3 DF200-0450-SEB2 DF200-0451-SEB2
DF200-0446-SEC2
Prepared by L. Wikberg/ARi
NTC/TS
Checked 23.2.94 JO
Approved LW
Number (DF200-0448-PEE2) C33052001PE_00
2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Operating Handbook 18.1.1994
DF 2-8 II Page II (II)
THIS OPERATING HANDBOOK PROVIDES THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF THE FOLLOWING PRODUCTS:
Terminal repeaters TA 21510 TA 21511 TA 21513 TA 21515 TA 21516 TA 21517 TA 21518 Program TS 21905 DF 2-8 Program E (version 04A...) DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, C1 (version 05A...) DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 850 nm MM LED (version 05A...) DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm MM/SM LED (version 05A...) DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm MM laser, C3A (version 05A...) DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, C3A (version 05A...) DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1550 nm SM laser, C1 (version 05A...) DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, LP, C1 (version 05A...)
2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 1

Functional Description Contents
Page 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 3 Main functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transmission management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 8
EQUIPMENT OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Blocks and their functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Operation in transmit direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Operation in receive direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Frame structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Data hybrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Service telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Optical functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.8.1 Laser transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.8.2 Optical receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Successive systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Line code in one-fibre and two-fibre systems . . . . . . . . 23 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Loopbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Signal path test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Signal quality and compilation of statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
TRANSMISSION MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . 32 (32)
Prepared by L.Wikberg/ARi
NTC/TS
Checked
Approved
Number DF200-0449-SEC3
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 2
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 3
INTRODUCTION
DF 2-8 is an optical line equipment of Nokia LINECARD equipment family. It can be provided with a LED or laser transmitter and connected to a multimode (MM) or single-mode (SM) fibre. The transmission bit rate of the optical line equipment DF 2-8 is either 2048 kbit/s or 8448 kbit/s. The bit rate is software selectable.
DF1658FA1
Figure 1
Optical Line Equipment DF 2-8, terminal repeater
1.1
Main functions
The terminal repeaters of the line equipment DF 2-8 match the follow ing channels to be transmitted along an optical fibre:
h h
2 Mbit/s or 8 Mbit/s main channel two asynchronous data channels with 34 kHz sampling frequency (transmission bit rate 2 Mbit/s) or with 70 kHz sampling frequency (transmission bit rate 8 Mbit/s) service telephone channel.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 4
1.2
Construction
The terminal repeaters of the line equipment DF 2-8 are plug-in units constructed on a EURO-2 size circuit board. The terminal repeaters are installed into cartridges conforming either to the TM4 or the TM4-EMC Construction Practice (see the corresponding handbooks). Terminal repeaters Depending on the transmission path fibre and the required optical output power, one of the following terminal repeaters is used: TA 21510 TA 21511 TA 21513 TA 21515 TA 21516 TA 21517 TA 21518 SM MM LP C1 C3A = = = = = DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, C1 DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 850 nm MM LED DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm MM/SM LED DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm MM laser, C3A DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, C3A DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1550 nm SM laser, C1 DF 2-8 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, LP, C1 single-mode multimode low-power safety class 1 (IEC 825) safety class 3A (IEC 825)
Programs All the above-mentioned terminal repeaters can be provided with the same program. There are different language versions of the program. TS 21905 DF 2-8 Program E (English) TS 21905.10 DF 2-8 Program F (Finnish) TS 21905.20 DF 2-8 Program S (Swedish) Cartridges Normal TM4 and TM4-EMC cartridges.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 5
1.3
Transmission management
Equipment operation is controlled using the Service Terminal via the ser vice interface on the front edge of the equipment. Through this interface, equipment state and alarm data are read, controls and settings are given, loopbacks are ordered, etc. Communications in the service interface are serial formatted. (See the Operating Handbook for the Service Terminal and the separate description Operation with Service Terminal dealing with this equipment.) The equipment can also be controlled by the TMS Transmission Manage ment System (see the Operating Handbook for the TMS Transmission Management System).
Service Terminal
DF1659EA1
Figure 2
Two terminal repeaters DF 2-8 as equipped into a cartridge of the TM4 Construction Practice and Service Terminal
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 6
The service interfaces can be connected into a bus at the equipment sta tion, and buses of the different stations can be further connected into a service network by means of the data channel in the equipment. All equipment connected to the bus or network can then be remote-con trolled from one point using the Service Terminal or the Transmission Management System (see the corresponding handbooks).
SERVICE TERMINAL CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO OBJECT EQUIPMENT
SERVICE INTERFACES CONNECTED INTO A BUS B U S
SERVICE BUSES CONNECTED INTO A NETWORK
STATION 1
STATION 2
B U S
B U S
DATA CONNECTION
DM1007EB1
Figure 3
Connecting possibilities for the Service Terminal
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 7
RACK
WALL MOUNTING SHELF
MOUNTING FRAME (INSTALLATION INTO A 19" OR NOKIA M80 RACK)
DM1006EA1
Figure 4
Installation alternatives for equipment cartridges (TM4 Construction Practice)
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 8
1.4
Technical specifications
G.651, G.652, G.821, G.956 820-910 nm, 1280-1330 nm or 1520-1575 nm 1) FC, type PC single-mode or multimode 3277 kbaud (transm. bit rate 2 M) or 11827 kbaud (transm. bit rate 8 M) 5B6B < 0 dBm < 1 dB Laser 1300 nm > -1 dBm > - -4 dBm > - -5.5 dBm > -14 dBm LED 850 nm > - -21 dBm Laser 1550 nm > -7 dBm LED 1300 nm > -21 dBm > - -30 dBm
Optical interface OI CCITT Recommendations Wavelength Optical connector Fibre type Line baud rate Line code Max. receive power Connector loss Output power - multimode, C3A - single-mode, C3A - single-mode, C1 - single-mode, low-power, C1 - multimode - single-mode Receiver sensitivity (BER E-10) - transmission bit rate 2 Mbit/s - transmission bit rate 8 Mbit/s
850 nm 1300 nm or 1550 nm < -50 dBm < - -52 dBm < -44 dBm < - -47 dBm
Digital interface MAINI CCITT Recommendations G.703, G.823 2 Mbit/s Bit rate (kbit/s) 2048 + 50 ppm Line code HDB3 Pulse shape rectangular Peak voltage/ 2.37 V/75 ohm impedance 3.0 V/120 ohm Nominal pulse width 244 ns Input signal attenuation 0...6 dB/1 MHz Service interface MI CCITT Recommendation Type Baud rate Data interfaces DI and DI2 CCITT Recommendation Type Sampling frequency Service telephone interface TI Type Frequency range Nominal power Overload point V.11 asynchronous 75...9600 baud
8 Mbit/s 8448 + 30 ppm HDB3 rectangular 2.37 V/75 ohm 59 ns 0...6 dB/4.2 MHz
V.11 asynchronous 34 kHz (transm. bit rate 2 M) or 70 kHz (transm. bit rate 8 M) 4-wire 300...3400 Hz (G.232 port B) -4 dBr > -0.5 dBm0
Programmable alarm outputs PA1 and PA2 - active state I > 5 mA, Udc < 2 V - passive state I < 50 mA, -75 V < Udc < -12 V Power supply and power consumption - type built-in DC/DC converter - input voltage -20...-72 V DC - power consumption 10...14 W (depending on the transmitter type) Dimensions - height - width - depth 233 mm/6 U 50 mm/10 T 160 mm Operation -10...+50 _C 95 % at 30 _C Transport and storage -40...+70 _C max. 98 %
Environment - temperature - humidity 1)
These limits are valid for units with LEDs or uncooled lasers at 20 5 _C and for cooled lasers at 20...50 _C. If these units are used at other temperatures, it should be noted that the centre wavelength may exceed the limits. The temperature coefficient of the centre wavelength is max. 0.6 nm/_C.
Table 1
Optical Line Equipment DF 2-8, technical specifications
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 9
2 2.1
EQUIPMENT OPERATION Blocks and their functions

Line terminal block diagram, see Figure 5.
Line terminal block IM
Block name and functions
Main channel interface repeater generates the outgoing 2 Mbit/s or 8 Mbit/s in terface signal equalizes, regenerates, and converts the re ceived 2 Mbit/s or 8 Mbit/s interface signal into binary format as well as generates the clock fre quency for the incoming data performs HDB3 coding and decoding when required, connects a loopback to equip ment or to interface
MUX
Multiplexer combines the signals coming from the main channel interface, service and data interfaces, and service telephone interface
LENC
Line encoder generates the line signal frame performs 5B6B line coding
E/O
Electro-optical transducer converts the outgoing electrical signal into op tical signal
O/E
Optoelectrical transducer converts the incoming optical signal into elec trical signal generates the clock frequency for the incoming data
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 10
IM
MIN
MAINI
MOUT MP
HDB3
MUX
LENC
E/O
OOUT
MI
V.11
OI
DI
V.11
DEMUX
LDEC
O/E
OIN
DI2
V.11
DC/DC IT TI
TI1 TI2
TC
AD DA
CONTROL
PA1,PA2 PIN FEAR FEAT A
INTERFACES Main channel interface MAINI (2 M/8 M, G.703)

MIN MOUT Main channel, incoming Main channel, outgoing
BLOCKS Service and data interfaces

MI DI DI2 TI PA1,PA2 PIN FEAR,FEAT Service interface Data interface Data interface 2 Service telephone interface Programmable alarm outputs Programmable input Far-end alarm IM MUX LENC E/O O/E LDEC DEMUX V.11 IT TC CONTROL DC/DC Main ch. interface repeater Multiplexer Line encoder Electro-optical transducer Optoelectrical transducer Line decoder Demultiplexer V.11 interface Service telephone interface Service telephone codec Control and monitoring Power supply
Optical interface OI (G.651, G.652)

OIN OOUT Optical, incoming Optical, outgoing
Power supply and rack alarm interfaces

P A Power supply interface Rack alarm interface
Measurement point
MP Measurement point
DF1660EA1
Figure 5
Terminal repeater DF 2-8; block diagram and interfaces
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 11
LDEC
Line decoder performs 6B5B line decoding disassembles the line signal frame controls the error rate of the received signal
DEMUX
Demultiplexer distributes the signals to main channel inter face, service and data interfaces, and service telephone interface
V.11
V.11 interfaces convert the outgoing binary signal into inter face signal convert the received interface signal into binary signal
IT
Service telephone interface amplifies and sums up the analog interface sig nals
TC
Service telephone codec filters the analog signals of both transmission directions performs analog/digital and digital/analog con versions
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 12
CONTROL
Control and monitoring Block controlled by the local processor: - transmits data to the service interface (MI) on the equipment status, settings, and controls - sets data corresponding to the equipment sta tus to the rack alarm interface (A) - when the operating voltages of the equipment are cut off, gives an alarm A by means of an ex ternal +5 V auxiliary voltage - performs settings and controls coming via the service interface - controls the equipment operation in fault con ditions - compiles statistics on fault conditions
DC/DC
Power supply generates from the central battery voltage the supply voltages required by the equipment (+5 V, +12 V and -12 V)
2.2
Interfaces
In the terminal repeater, the user is connected only to the connectors located on the front edge of the unit. The unit's back connector is intended for connecting the equipment power supply and rack alarms through the motherboard of the equipment cartridge. The location of the signals at the front connectors is shown in Figure 6. Cabling is described in more detail in the Installation part of this hand book and in the Operating Handbooks for the TM4 and TM4-EMC Construction Practices.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 13
DF 2-8 TERMINAL REPEATERS
TA 21510 TA 21511 TA 21513 TA 21515 TA 21516 TA 21517 TA 21518
(version 05A...) (version 05A...) (version 05A...) (version 05A...) (version 05A...) (version 05A...) (version 05A...)
P1 abc a16 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 PA1 a10 P5V a9 a8 TIA1 a7 TIB1 a6 TIA2 a5 TIB2 a4 DI2A a3 DI2B a2 FEAR a1 MIA MIB DIA DIB b1 b2, 3 b4-11 b12-15 b16 c16 c15 c14 c13 c12 c11 c10 c9 c8 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 MOA MOB DOA DOB PA2 PIN TOA1 TOB1 TOA2 TOB2 DO2A DO2B FEAT Service interface, outgoing A Service interface, outgoing B Data interface, outgoing A Data interface, outgoing B Programmable alarm output Programmable input Service tel. interf. 1, outgoing A Service tel. interf. 1, outgoing B Service tel. interf. 2, outgoing A Service tel. interf. 2, outgoing B Data interface 2, outgoing A Data interface 2, outgoing B Far-end alarm, outgoing
Service and data interfaces

Service interface, incoming A Service interface, incoming B Data interface, incoming A Data interface, incoming B Programmable alarm output +5 V measurement point Service tel. interf. 1, incoming A Service tel. interf. 1, incoming B Service tel. interf. 2, incoming A Service tel. interf. 2, incoming B Data interface 2, incoming A Data interface 2, incoming B Far-end alarm, incoming
Main channel interface, unbalanced

MIN MOUT Main channel, incoming Main channel, outgoing J3 J4
GND, ground GND, ground -
Optical interface
J2 OOUT Optical, outgoing
Service LEDs
red yellow green
MP
Measurement point
J5
J6
OIN
Optical, incoming
Main channel interface, balanced

MIN Main channel, incoming
P2 abc R120 a7 a6 R75 a5 a4 RCOMM a3 a2 RC a1 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 T120 T75 TCOMM TC MOUT Main channel, outgoing
DF1661EC1
Figure 6
Terminal repeater DF 2-8, interfaces
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 14
Main channel interface 2 M or 8 M (SMB coaxial connectors J3 and J4 or euroconnector P2) MIN Main Signal In Incoming main channel signal 2 Mbit/s or 8 Mbit/s. The unit includes the incoming main channel inter face MIN for both the 75-ohm unbalanced and the 120-ohm balanced cable. The sheath of the incoming signal cable can be con nected or left unconnected to equipment ground. The corresponding strapping must also be made in the equipment. MOUT Main Signal Out Outgoing main channel signal 2 Mbit/s or 8 Mbit/s. The unit includes the outgoing main channel inter face MOUT for both the 75-ohm unbalanced and the 120-ohm balanced cable.
Optical interface OIN
(FC fibre connectors J2 and J6) Optical Signal In Incoming optical signal.
OOUT
Optical Signal Out Outgoing optical signal.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 15
Measurement point MP
(SMB coaxial connector J5) Measurement Point Measurement point for the incoming or outgoing signal or the AIS oscillator frequency of the main channel. The signal to be measured is selected for the measurement point using the Service Terminal.
Service and data interfaces MI
(Euroconnector P1)
Service Interface Service interface for the Service Terminal or Trans mission Management Computer. Via this interface, settings and controls are given to the equipment, and statuses, fault data, and statistics are read. Bidi rectional. Differential levels as per CCITT V.11 (EIA RS-422). If the data hybrid is not in use, the interface is active only when the equipment transmits the signal out. At other times, the output is at a high- impedance state, so the interface can be connected to a bus to gether with other corresponding interfaces, where upon several sets of equipment can be controlled from one point.
DI DI2
Data Interface Data Interface 2 Data interfaces for transferring asynchronous ser ial-formatted data as a separate channel along with the frame structure. Can be used for transfer ring the desired bit data in general, or can be exter nally wired specifically for transmission manage ment communications. Bidirectional. Differential levels as per CCITT V.11 (EIA RS-422). Unlike the interface MI, the data interfaces are al ways active; they are not intended to be a bus. The interface DI can be connected to the interface MI by using the internal data hybrid of the equip ment.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 16
PA1 PA2
Programmable Alarm Output 1 Programmable Alarm Output 2 Programmable equipment alarm outputs. The ex act operation of the signals in case of different alarm combinations can be set using the Service Terminal. PA1 is also always activated if a power supply fault arises in the equipment. The user adapts these signals for his own purposes, for example, connecting them to his own fault mon itoring system.
PIN
Programmable Input Programmable input interface. Activated by grounding. Opens the data hybrid. Also used when bypassing password functions, for example, if the password is forgotten.
TI
Service Telephone Interface Service telephone interface for establishing an end-to-end telephone connection for the line equipment. Comprises two inputs and two outputs which are connected in parallel by means of a hybrid. The telephone connection can be chained through sev eral sets of line equipment and parallel connection is possible at intermediate stations.
FEAR FEAT
Far-end Alarm Receive Signal Far-end Alarm Transmit Signal Incoming and outgoing far-end alarm signal. If the transmission connection consists of several succes sive connections, data on a far-end alarm is chained by means of these.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 17
Power supply and rack alarm interfaces A Alarm Interface
(Back connector PB1)
Rack alarm interface via which alarms caused by the equipment are transmitted to the rack. Based on fault conditions and settings, the equipment gen erates data on whether the alarm is prompt (A), deferred (B), or if it is a matter of alarm cancella tion (D). P Power Interface Power supply interface through which the equip ment obtains the central battery voltages (-20...-72 V DC) and the external auxiliary volt age (+5 V).
2.3
Operation in transmit direction

In the transmit direction the incoming interface signals are first converted into binary format and then combined into one bit stream in the MUX block. The line signal frame is generated and the signal is line coded in the LENC block. The E/O block converts the outgoing signal into optical sig nal.
2.4
Operation in receive direction

In receive direction the optical signal coming from the line is first con verted into electrical signal (block O/E). After that the signal is line decoded and its frame is disassembled in the LDEC block. In the DEMUX block the incoming bit stream is divided into parts which are taken to the interface blocks. Each interface block converts the signal to conform to its own interface specification.
2.5
Frame structure
For optical transmission a frame is generated in which the main channel, data and service channels, and the far-end alarm are transmitted. The bit rate of the frame is approximately 3.277 Mbit/s (transmission bit rate 2 M) or 11.827 Mbit/s (transmission bit rate 8 M).
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 18
2.6
Data hybrid
There is a summing connection (a data hybrid) in the CONTROL block that connects the signals coming from the service interface MI, data inter face DI, data channel DCH, or processor CPU to all other interfaces con cerned. The signal coming from the data channel is cut off if the incoming optical signal is missing or the frame alignment is lost. In that case the data chan nel's possible undefined state will not interfere with the use of the service interface. However, in some fault conditions a disturbing signal may come from the data channel, so that a connection to the equipment cannot be established via the service interface. Then the data hybrid can be opened by connect ing the pin PIN to ground. After grounding the PIN, the data hybrid is open for the time selected by the setting Control timeout. When the data hybrid is active, the MI output is continuously in an active state and the interface cannot be connected to a bus.
TRI-STATE CONTROL
MOA MOB MIA MIB
MI
SERVICE INTERFACE
+ + +
L L
CONTROL AND MONITORING BLOCK
CPU
DATA HYBRID CONNECTION
+
DOA DOB DIA DIB
DI
DATA INTERFACE
+ +
DCH
DATA CHANNEL
DM1011EB1
Figure 7
Data hybrid
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 19
2.7
Service telephone
Service telephone
Service telephone
DF
DF
Service telephone
DF
DF
Service telephone
DF
DF
Service telephone
DF
DF
DF1702EA1
Figure 8
An example of service telephone network
The front connector P1 of the terminal repeater contains two parallel ser vice telephone interfaces. The summing connection (service telephone hybrid) in the service telephone interface block branches the service tele phone to both service telephone interfaces and the data channel, and the data channel to both service telephone interfaces. Thus a service tele phone network is created. Those connected to it can communicate with each others simultaneously.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 20
2.8 2.8.1
Optical functions Laser transmitter

Structure and operation
NORMAL LASER
MON CONTROL ON/OFF POWER MEAS.
PEL
POW L
T PEL LOW-POWER LASER
TEMP . MEAS.
BIAS CURRENT MEAS.
DF1641EA1
Figure 9
Laser transmitter structure
The main part of the laser transmitter is a laser diode (L) which is located in a laser module. In addition to the laser diode, the module contains:
h
photodiode (MON) which measures the laser output power (the power is maintained constant by feedback). The POWER MEAS output voltage of the block is proportional to the photodiode current (Figure 9). thermistor (T), which measures the laser temperature (not in the low-power laser) Peltier cooler (PEL) which is controlled by temperature (not in the low-power laser).
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 21
The laser is controlled in states 0 and 1 by the modulation current.

POPT/mW
1-state
bias current 0-state I LASER /mA modulation current

DF1642EA1
Figure 10
Laser control
Measurements, alarms and calibrations Via the service interface in the terminal repeater the bias current and the output power of the laser and also the temperature of a normal laser can be measured without separate measuring devices. By monitoring the increase of the bias current, it can be detected, e.g., when the laser has aged and needs to be replaced. An increase in the bias current or the temperature can also produce alarms. The alarm thresholds are settable via the service interface. The terminal repeater memory contains data on the initial values of the laser. If the laser is replaced in connection with repair, the corresponding calibrations must be performed again. The calibrations are performed by means of the Service Terminal, and to prevent an unintentional calibra tion, the strapping HWP in the terminal repeater is disconnected.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 22
Automatic cut-off and restart The laser transmitter is cut off to protect the laser and for safety reasons if the bias current or the optical output power exceeds a defined limit. For safety reasons the laser can also be cut off when the incoming optical signal is missing. The operating mode of the automatic cut-off and restart of the laser in this situation can be selected with the Service Ter minal:
h h
Laser is not cut off. Automatic restart. If the optical connection is cut off, both ends of the connection control the laser ON and OFF periodically in accordance with Figure 11. The system returns automatically to normal state when the optical connection functions again. Laser is cut off permanently. The system is started manually at either end of the connection.
POPT/mW
0.5
9.5
0.5
9.5
10
19.5
20
t/s
DF1643EA1
Figure 11
Automatic laser restart
2.8.2
Optical receiver
Measurement Via the service interface in the terminal repeater the received optical power can be measured without separate measuring devices. The measurement is based on the average current of the photodiode. The overall accuracy in the range -40...0 dBm is + 1...2 dB. This facility is suitable to detect large (> 2 dB) changes in the received optical power.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 23
2.9
Successive systems
DF 2-8 DF 2-8
MAINI OI
TIO1 TII1 FEAT FEAR TIO2 TII2
DF 2-8
TI1 FEA DI,DI2
TII1 TIO1 FEAR FEAT TIO2 TII2
DF 2-8
OI
TI2
TI2
DF1662FA1
Figure 12
Successive systems
A chained optical line equipment system is created by connecting the ter minal repeaters at intermediate stations in accordance with Figure 12. In a chaining, the main channel (MAINI), data channels (DI and DI2), farend alarm (FEA) and one of the service telephone interfaces (TI1) can be connected from one set of equipment to another by cables when required. The other service telephone interface (TI2) of both terminal repeaters still remains free for other use.
2.10
Line code in one-fibre and two-fibre systems

On the optical transmission path a line code of type 5B6B is used. In a two-fibre system, which provides a separate fibre for both transmission directions, the same code is used in both transmission directions. DF 2-8
5B6B HDB3 5B6B HDB3
DF 2-8
TERMINAL 1
TERMINAL 2
DF1663EA1
Figure 13
Unidirectional transmission in a two-fibre system
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 24
For bidirectional transmission in a one-fibre system a separate line code has to be used in the transmit and receive direction. In case the fibre is cut, part of the transmitted power is reflected back to the receivers which have to be able to distinguish their own signal from the one sent by the other terminal - otherwise an alarm on the traffic outage can not be obtained. DF 2-8
CODE A HDB3 Coupler CODE B Coupler HDB3
DF 2-8
TERMINAL 1
TERMINAL 2
DF1664EA1
Figure 14
Bidirectional transmission in a one-fibre system
In the optical line equipment DF 2-8 the codes are software settable by the Service Terminal. In a two-fibre system conforming to the one shown in Figure 13 normal code table is used and in a one-fibre system con forming to the one shown in Figure 14 code table A/B is set in use in the terminal 1 and code table B/A in the terminal 2.
2.11
Alarms
In fault or control conditions the terminal repeaters
h
indicate a fault or a control by the red or yellow service LED on the front edge produce the rack alarms A, B, or D via the rack alarm interface generate data on the fault or the control, its character, and the service condition of the system (alarm S) for the service interface when required, transmit a far-end alarm.
h h
Exact data on the equipment state and on possible faults are obtained via the service interface using the Service Terminal or Transmission Manage ment Computer. With these, programmable alarm outputs PA1 and PA2 can also be set as active when required, and the behaviour of the equip ment can be controlled (footnotes 1, 2, and 3 of Table 2).
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 25
SERVICE LEDS
RACK ALARMS
TO SERVICE INTERFACE
ACTIONS FOLLOWING FAULT CONDITION/CONTROL

MAIN CH FAR END ALARM to optical to connector LASER TRANSM. CUT-OFF
FAULT CONDITION/ CONTROL Power supply fault Incoming optical signal Input signal missing Frame alignment lost BER > E-3/E-4 BER > E-5/E-6 Far-end alarm received Laser transmitter Bias has exceeded alarm threshold Bias has exceeded cut-off threshold Power has exceeded cut-off threshold Temp. has exceeded alarm threshold Laser forced - ON - OFF Main ch. interface 2 M/8 M Input signal missing Loop to interface Loop to equipment Far-end alarm from front connector Test mode Cancellation of rack alarms when alarm A or B Cancellation of rack alarms when no alarm A or B 3
red
yel
green
AIS to interface
AIS to optical
* * * * *
2
* * * *
2
*
2
* * *
2
*
2
* * * *
* * *
* * *
* * * *
3 3
* * * * * * * * *
2
* * * * * * * *
2 2
* * * * * * * *
2 2
* * *
* *
* * * *
* * * * *
* *
* *
Software settable via the service interface 1 2 3 Cut-off in use/not in use Alarm A or B/no alarm. If A or B, also the yellow service LED Alarm in use/not in use
DF1665EA1
Table 2
Fault and control conditions and their consequent actions
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 26
Service LEDs
h h
Red Yellow
serious fault in the equipment fault in the signal received by the equipment, equipment fault, or controlled service function in the equipment (e.g. loopback) equipment accessed by the Service Terminal
Green
Rack alarm lamps

h h h
Red White Yellow
Alarm A (prompt) Alarm B (deferred) Alarm D (reminder of alarm cancellation)
If the equipment operating voltages are cut off (power supply fault), the external auxiliary voltage that is connected to the equipment activates the red service LED, red rack alarm lamp, and programmable alarm output PA1. Programmable alarm outputs The equipment's programmable alarm outputs PA1 and PA2 can be con nected in the desired way, for example, to the user's own fault monitoring system. In addition, the output PA1 can be used, for example, for control ling the changeover equipment in protected systems.
2.12
Loopbacks
Loopbacks of the equipment are carried out in the interface blocks. Loopbacks are used for checking the equipment, signal cabling or line section e.g. in connection with troubleshooting, and they are ordered into effect via the service interface using the Service Terminal or Transmission Management Computer. So that loopbacks would not accidentally stay in effect, they are automati cally cancelled after a defined time by the setting Control timeout. In loopbacks the incoming signal is connected back as the outgoing signal and the looped signal is replaced by the AIS signal. The loopbacks do not affect the operation of the data channels and the service telephone.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 27
AIS
MAINI
OI
AIS
1 2
Interface loop of 2 M/8 M signal Equipment loop of 2 M/8 M signal Loopbacks

DF1666EA1
Figure 15
2.13
Signal path test

The signal path test is used for checking the condition of the internal sig nal paths of the terminal repeater. The test can be ordered by the Service Terminal (or Transmission Management Computer). Before performing the test, external loops must be connected to the main channel interface and optical interface by cables.
TEST DATA GEN. OI
MAINI
TEST DETECTOR
COAXIAL LOOP
OPTICAL LOOP
DF1667EA1
Figure 16
Signal path test
The test result is available when the equipment has been set into the test mode. The result tells if the signal has been totally faultless after setting the test mode or displaying the previous test result.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 28
2.14
Signal quality and compilation of statistics

Block code decoding
6B 5B
Optical signal 3.277 Mbaud/ 11.827 Mbaud
Demultiplexer MAIN 2.731 Mbit/s/ 9.856 Mbit/s Data chs
2 Mbit/s/ 8 Mbit/s
Control block
DF1668EA1
Figure 17
Error indication
The line baud rate of the optical signal at the 2 M transmission bit rate is 3.277 Mbaud and at the transmission bit rate 8 M 11.827 Mbaud. After block code (5B6B) decoding the rate is 2.731 Mbit/s or 9.856 Mbit/s respectively. This bit stream consists of the bits of the main channel and data channels. A bit error on the optical side changes the 6 bit code word into an erron eous one. The bits of the decoded 5 bit code word are random, thus there are 2.5 bits wrong on an average. The erroneous code words are detected. After the detection of two erroneous code words, a message is given to the control block, i.e. two erroneous code words produce one detection meaning 2 x 2.5 = 5 bit errors in the 2.731 Mbit/s or 9.856 Mbit/s bit stream. The result of the error detection is used for:
h h h h
error rate alarms BER measurement error counter compiling of statistics.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 29
BER measurement The measurement time is one second and the result is expressed as an error rate. Example: The equipment gives one detection per second on an average. The bit error rate is: Transmission bit rate 2 M 5 bit/s 2.731 Mbit/s 5 bit/s 9.856 Mbit/s = 1.8 x 10 -6
Transmission bit rate 8 M
= 5.2 x 10 -7
If errors occur at long intervals, the effect of the short measurement time will be seen as a variation of the bit error rate between zero and 1.8 x 10-6 or 5.2 x 10-7 . Error counter The error counter contains the cumulative sum of transmission errors. Each detection increases the sum by 5. The share of the main channel of the total sum of errors will be, on the average: Main channel 2 M 2048 kbit/s 2731 kbit/s 8448 kbit/s 9856 kbit/s = 75 %
Main channel 8 M
= 85 %
Thus, if the number of 8 Mbit/s main channel errors is monitored in cumu lative measurement with a separate measuring set, the average result obtained is 85 % of the result given by the equipment's own error counter.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 30
Compiling of statistics The compiling of statistics complies with the CCITT Recommendation G.821. The equipment is able to tell how many periods belonging to dif ferent classifications (severely errored seconds, errored seconds, and degraded minutes) have appeared in the signal, and what is the allocation of these periods with regard to its operational time. The data are readable via the service interface using the Service Terminal. The CCITT recommendation presents the maximum values for the dif ferent classifications at given reference connections. These reference connections are divided into three grades:
h h h
high grade, chiefly meaning international long connections local grade, meaning connections within a country (local) medium grade, which is in-between the two above grades.
The total amount of erroneous periods allowed is divided among these grades as follows:
h h h
high grade medium grade local grade
40 % 15 % (both ends) 15 % (both ends)
Furthermore, the maximum amounts of erroneous periods from the available time on the entire connection are:
h h h
degraded minutes errored seconds severely errored seconds
10 % 8% 0.1 %
Because the reference connection is very long compared to practical transmission connections, medium grade and local grade can be con sidered as divided into 50 km sections. The amounts of erroneous periods measured from these sections are 2...5 % of the entire maximum allowed, depending on the quality level desired (refer to CCITT Com XVIII Con tribution 30, April 1985). A proposal on the quality targets for a digital connection is in the accom panying table. The proposal is calculated from the aforementioned CCITT recommendations. In calculating errored seconds, generally the transmission rate in relation to the 64 kbit/s bit rate must be taken into account, since the maximum amounts of erroneous periods deal with this rate. In the case of the Line Equipment DF 2-8, this has already been taken into account when calculating the statistics. The amount allowed for unavailable time is not given because it depends on the objectives set for equipment reliability.
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 31
Maximum number of % of available time periods per month (s or min)
Degraded minutes 0.2...0.5
Severely errored seconds 0.002...0.005
Errored seconds 0.16...0.4
80...210
50...130
4150...10400
DF1605EA1
Table 3
Quality targets for a 50 km or shorter digital section regarding medium grade and local grade
DF 2-8 II/1 Page 32
TRANSMISSION MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

Transmission management of the equipment includes e.g. controls, set tings, testings, and measurements. Transmission management functions are carried out either locally using the Service Terminal or remotely using the Service Terminal or the TMS Transmission Management System (see the corresponding operating handbooks). The functions are menu-based and the menus have 1...4 levels. The menus of the Optical Line Equipment DF 2-8, their use, and all possible responses are presented in detail in the description Operation with Ser vice Terminal which is appended to this handbook. Main menu
Select operation: 1 Fault display 2 Local alarm cancel 3 Reset local cancel 4 Identifications 5 Controls (temporary) Submenus 6 Settings (permanent) 7 Measurements 8 Statistics 9 Testing 10 User privileges 11 Miscellaneous Identifications: 1 Eq type 2 Eq name 4 3 User manual 5 HW unit 6 Program 7 Modify Modify: 2 Eq name 4,7 5 HW unit 4,7,2 4,7,5
ID string? 1...15 char
DM1100EA1
Figure 18
An example of the menu structure
2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Installation 26.5.1993
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 1

Installation Contents
Page 1 2 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 MOUNTING OF EQUIPMENT INTO CARTRIDGE . . . . . . . . 5 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 Power supply and rack alarm interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Equipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Connectors and cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main channel interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service, data and service telephone interfaces . . . . . . . . . . Marking of cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 7 7 9
SIGNAL INTERFACES AND THEIR CABLING . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
STRAPPINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Strapping information of marking card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Strapping alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Strapping example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 (13)
APPENDIX Fibre connectors and fibre-optic cables, handling instructions DND00-0627-XEB2
Prepared by Wikberg/Heinonen/jh
NTC/TS
Checked
Approved
Number DF200-0450-SEB2
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 2
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 3
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT
Invisible laser radiation Do not stare into beam or view directly with optical instruments Class 3A laser product
THE OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURED BY NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND PROVIDED WITH LASER TRANSMITTERS ARE MARKED, DEPENDING ON THE MAXI MUM OUTPUT POWER, WITH ONE OF THE ABOVE WARNING STICKERS. THE CLASSIFICATION IS BASED ON THE IEC STAN DARD 825. THE LASER RADIATION EMITTED FROM THE CLASS 3A EQUIPMENT IS HARMFUL TO EYES, IF THE INVISIBLE BEAM FROM THE FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTOR IS WATCHED AT SHORT RANGE FOR A LONGER PERIOD.
DO NOT LOOK AT A LASER BEAM WITHOUT PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR!
CLASS 1 Nominal wavelength Output power P max into multimode fibre into single-mode fibre 1300/1550 nm -2.2 dBm -2.2 dBm
CLASS 3A 1300/1550 nm +2 dBm 0 dBm
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 4
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 5
INTRODUCTION
The terminal repeaters of the DF 2-8 Line Equipment are installed into cartridges of the TM4 or the TM4-EMC Construction Practice. The con nection of central battery voltages and rack alarms to the cartridges as well as the signal cable routing, groundings, and installation planning and work order are described in the operating handbooks for the construction practices. The equipment is ready to operate after its installation into a cartridge and the connection of signal cables. Before installation its strappings should, however, always be checked as well as the possible changes required be made. The instructions for installation of the equipment into cartridges, cabling of signal interfaces, and strappings are given below. NOTE Wrist grounding or corresponding protection should always be used when handling a plug-in unit removed from its pack age.
2 2.1
MOUNTING OF EQUIPMENT INTO CARTRIDGE Power supply and rack alarm interfaces
When the equipment is inserted into the cartridge, the central battery voltages and rack alarms are connected through the motherboard of the cartridge and the back connector PB1 of the equipment. At the same time the equipment is also grounded to the cartridge body.
Back connector PB1
cba 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 a,c GND Ground
a a a a a
AA AB AD VAP5 GND
Rack alarm A Rack alarm B Rack alarm D External aux. voltage +5 V Ground
a a a,c
Battery voltage, negative Battery voltage, positive GND Ground DF1669EA1
Figure 19
Power supply and rack alarm interfaces
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 6
2.2
Equipping
The connectors on the motherboards of the cartridges and the back con nectors of the equipment are standardized so that the voltages and rack alarm signals conveyed by them are always located in the same places in the connectors (see Figure 1). Due to this, no unit slots in the cartridges are reserved for particular units and it is also possible to install other equipment of Nokia ND equipment generation consisting of one plug-in unit (e.g. DF 34 terminal repeater or DM 8 multiplex equipment and Ser vice Telephone, see Figure 2) in the same cartridge together with the DF 2-8 terminal repeater. The terminal repeater DF 2-8 takes two unit slots (10 T) in a cartridge.
Service Telephone
DF 2-8
DF 34
DF 2-8
DM 8
DF1670EB1
Figure 20
Equipping examples of TM4 Construction Practice car tridges (20 T)
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 7
SIGNAL INTERFACES AND THEIR CABLING

The signal interfaces of the terminal repeater are cabled via front con nectors. The locations of the interfaces are shown in Figure 3 and in the instruction stickers delivered with the equipment to be affixed on the inside of the cartridge cover. Only a temporary connection is made to the measurement point on the front edge of the terminal repeater when service and testing functions are carried out.
3.1
Connectors and cables

The SMB coaxial connectors and Euroconnectors on the equipment are male connectors. The optical connectors are FC fibre connectors of type PC. Recommendations regarding suitable cables and connectors for sym metrical, coaxial and optical cabling as well as work instructions for the recommended cables are found in the operating handbooks for the TM4 and the TM4-EMC Construction Practice.
3.2
Main channel interface

The main channel interfaces are cabled to the coaxial connectors J3 and J4 or to euroconnector P2 (2M) on the terminal repeater (see Figure 3). NOTE The balance, impedance, and groundings of the main channel interfaces are also set with strappings.
3.3
Optical interface
The optical interfaces are cabled to the fibre connectors J2 and J6 on the terminal repeater (see Figure 3).
3.4
Service, data and service telephone interfaces

The service, data and service telephone interfaces can be permanently cabled to the Euroconnector P1 with symmetrical cable (see Figure 3). The programmable alarm outputs PA1 and PA2 as well as the far-end alarms FEAR and FEAT are cabled when required. The Service Terminal is connected to the equipment with an interface cable set delivered with the Terminal.
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 8
DF 2-8 TERMINAL REPEATERS
TA 21510 TA 21511 TA 21513 TA 21515 TA 21516 TA 21517 TA 21518
(version 05A...) (version 05A...) (version 05A...) (version 05A...) (version 05A...) (version 05A...) (version 05A...)
P1 abc a16 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 PA1 a10 P5V a9 a8 TIA1 a7 TIB1 a6 TIA2 a5 TIB2 a4 DI2A a3 DI2B a2 FEAR a1 MIA MIB DIA DIB c16 c15 c14 c13 c12 c11 c10 c9 c8 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 b1 b2, 3 b4-11 b12-15 b16 MOA MOB DOA DOB PA2 PIN TOA1 TOB1 TOA2 TOB2 DO2A DO2B FEAT Service interface, outgoing A Service interface, outgoing B Data interface, outgoing A Data interface, outgoing B Programmable alarm output Programmable input Service tel. interf. 1, outgoing A Service tel. interf. 1, outgoing B Service tel. interf. 2, outgoing A Service tel. interf. 2, outgoing B Data interface 2, outgoing A Data interface 2, outgoing B Far-end alarm, outgoing
Service and data interfaces

Service interface, incoming A Service interface, incoming B Data interface, incoming A Data interface, incoming B Programmable alarm output +5 V measurement point Service tel. interf. 1, incoming A Service tel. interf. 1, incoming B Service tel. interf. 2, incoming A Service tel. interf. 2, incoming B Data interface 2, incoming A Data interface 2, incoming B Far-end alarm, incoming
Main channel interface, epsymmetrinen

MIN MOUT Main channel, incoming Main channel, outgoing J3 J4
GND, ground GND, ground -
Optical interface
J2 OOUT Optical, outgoing
Service LEDs
red yellow green
MP
Measurement point
J5
J6
OIN
Optical, incoming
Main channel interface, symmetrical

MIN Main channel, incoming
P2 abc R120 a7 a6 R75 a5 a4 RCOMM a3 a2 RC a1 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 T120 T75 TCOMM TC MOUT Main channel, outgoing
DF1661EC1
Figure 21
DF 2-8 terminal repeater, signal interfaces
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 9
3.5
Marking of cabling
Cables are to be marked so that it is later possible to see where they lead. Markings should specify the equipment and connectors concerned. The cabling information as well as the strapping information is also recorded on the marking cards delivered with the equipment. Instructions for the markings can be found in the operating handbooks for the construction practices.
24
MARKING OF THE CABLE END CONNECTED TO UNIT
3 DF2-8 AB
1B19R3
MARKING INDICATING THE CONNECTION POINT FOR THE OTHER CABLE END
1A02R1xxx
Station 181B19S1xyz 2A37R2yyy 2A37R2zzz 1B19S3
EXAMPLE OF MARKING 2 A 37 R 2 zzz Rack row Rack Cartridge location Cartridge shelf (R = cables from above, S = cables from below into cartridge) Unit location Connector for the other cable end
Station 181B19R1zxy
DF1671EB1
Figure 22
Marking card, cabling information
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 10
4 4.1
STRAPPINGS Strapping information of marking card
24
3 DF2-8 AB
INSTRUCTIONS FOR MARKING THE STRAPPINGS
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONNECTING THE STRAPPINGS
MARKING OF STRAPPINGS IN EFFECT/FACTORY STRAPPINGS
LOCATION OF THE STRAPPINGS ON PCB
DF1672EB1
Figure 23
Marking card, strapping information
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 11
A marking card (example, see Figures 4 and 5) is delivered with each equipment. One side of this card is reserved for strapping information (the other side for cabling information). The card provides concise strapping instructions, a picture of the loca tions of the strappings on the PCB, an instruction for marking them as well as space for marking the strappings in effect. In addition, it also shows the factory strappings of the equipment. A properly filled card also facilitates later servicing, testing and installa tion.
4.2
Strapping alternatives
The terminal repeater strappings to be checked in connection with installation are described below together with their meanings. The strap pings are made by U-jumpers. __________________________________________________ Pin row/ Strapping function strapping __________________________________________________ NR1E/HWP Strapping for preventing the transmitter type setting, calibrations, signal tests and scrambler operation con trols as well as writing into the EEPROM memory during normal use and for enabling these functions in connection with repair.
Strapping alternatives
NR1E
Transmitter type setting, calibrations, signal tests, scrambler operation controls and writing into the EEPROM memory - prevented HWP NRIE jumper out (factory strapping)
- not prevented HWP
NR1E jumper in
DF1673EC1
__________________________________________________
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 12
__________________________________________________ Pin row/ Strapping function strapping __________________________________________________ NR1/ I120 I75 IGND OGND
Strappings for setting the impedance of the 2M/8M main channel interface to 75 ohm or 120 ohm and for grounding or not grounding the cable sheath of the in coming signal MIN.
Strapping alternatives 2M/8M main channel interface:
NR1
75 ohm unbalanced interface and the cable sheath of the incoming signal MIN - grounded (factory strapping) NR1 I120 I75 IGND OGND
120 ohm balanced interface, cable sheath of the incoming signal cable - grounded I120 I75 IGND OGND NR1
- not grounded I120 I75 IGND OGND
NR1
- not grounded I120 I75 IGND OGND
NR1
Jumper in
Jumper out
DF1674EB1
__________________________________________________ Strapping IGND can also be made using U-jumper TX 21360 which is provided with a capacitor. In this case, the cable sheath is only ACcoupled to ground.
DF 2-8 II/2 Page 13
4.3
Strapping example
The main channel interface strapping NR1 IGND affects the grounding of the incoming signal MIN cable sheath. The marking card (Figure 5) shows that the pin row NR1 is located up on the front edge of the PCB and that the factory strapping is the alternative "a", i.e., the sheath of the unbalanced 75 ohm cable is grounded. If one wishes to leave the unbalanced cable sheath ungrounded, the U-jumper IGND is removed from pin row NR1 and the alternative "b" is recorded on the marking card as the current strapping. If a 120 ohm balanced cable is used, the I75 U-jumper is moved to the I120 position and the OGND jumper is removed. This is alternative "c" on the marking card. If the cable sheath is not to be grounded at the input, the U-jumper IGND is removed and alternative "d" is recorded as the current strap ping.
FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS AND OPTICAL CABLES Handling Instructions 21.06.1994
ND Page 1
FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS AND OPTICAL CABLES

Handling Instructions Contents
Page 1 FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 1.2 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Basic information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mechanical qualities of cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other physical and chemical qualities of cables . . . . . . . . . Practical installation instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 6 7
OPTICAL CABLES AND FIBRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
OPTICAL CONNECTOR CLEANING PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . 8 Optical cleaning kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Method for connector cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Protective caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Adapter cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 (10)
Prepared by M. Mkinen/HN
NTC/TS
Checked
Approved
Number DND00-0627-XEC1
ND Page 2
ND Page 3
FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS
PC connectors of FC or SC type (FC = Field Connector; PC = Physical Contact) are used in the Optical Line Equipment belonging to the ND generation. The FC connector type has been specified by NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation). The maximum outer diameter of a single-fibre indoor installation cable to be connected to an FC con nector is 3.0 mm. The SC connector is a fibre-optic molded plastic con nector.
1.1
Connector
The fibre-optic connector is a fine-mechanical optical component. For best performance and reliability, the connector shall be handled cor rectly. Keep it clean and take care not to damage its finished contact sur faces. Make sure that the connector is free from dirt, dust or grease. Due to the fine-mechanical nature of the connector, rough handling is pro hibited. Touching the end of the ferrule or rubbing it against other surfaces may damage or soil the end of the fibre. The ferrule is best protected by using a protective cap on the connector whenever it is not connected anywhere. When storing optical cables equipped with connectors, they must be pro tected against dust. Short jumper cables can be stored in sealed plastic bags. By aligning a connector in a straight (not angled) position relative to an adapter, or a connector adapter of a power meter etc., the mechanical stress on the connector components when making the connection is re duced and the wear on these fine-mechanical components manufac tured with narrow matching ranges is minimized. The end of the ferrule has a little bevelling for easier alignment. Tighten the fastening nut of the connector with your fingers. No tools are required or allowed to tighten or loosen the nut. (The tightness of the fastening nut does not affect the optical performance of the connection in any way, as long as it has been turned all the way to the bottom.) Never touch the end of the ferrule or fibre with your fingers! Take care not to drop the connector, especially if it is unprotected, onto the floor or any other hard, dusty, greasy or dirty surfaces!
ND Page 4
We recommend the following to everyone using fibre connectors: Treat the connectors as you would the lenses of a good camera; never leave con nectors laying around without protective caps! The optical interfaces of optical measuring instruments shall also be sealed and protected with their own protective caps whenever they are not in use.
1.2
Adapter
The same principles as for connectors shall be followed when handling adapters and assuring their cleanness. The handling and condition of the adapter affect the connection loss to the same degree as the connectors. Neither end of the adapter can be left open. They must be sealed and pro tected either with connectors or protective caps.
2 2.1
OPTICAL CABLES AND FIBRES Basic information

The instructions and recommendations are based on reliability aspects and the effect of the handling of the fibre on its attenuation. A glass fibre is mechanically fragile. The only mechanical defect detect able on a macroscopic level is a fracture (broken fibre). The optical cable structures are designed so that the handling of the cables differs as little as possible from the handling of corresponding metal cables. The effects of the following stress factors shall always be considered, regardless of the length of the optical cable connection:
h h h h h
pulling, longitudinal and transversal compression, torsion, bending and vibration.
ND Page 5
The consequences of the stress on the fibres may appear immediately or after a longer time. Another characteristic feature of fibres is fracturing following a long-term tension exceeding the allowed limits. This fatigue phenomenon is due to a slow increase in microscopic cracks on the sur face of the fibre. Therefore, the handling instructions provided by the cable manufacturer shall always be followed when installing and using the cables. If the handling of the cable affects the optical qualities of the fibres, they can easily be measured. The measurement of mechanical effects on fibres and the evaluation of their significance in the long run is more difficult. The breaking phenomenon of a glass fibre follows statistical-mathemat ical laws rather than the strength laws of materials and the breakage is not necessarily preceded by a deterioration of the optical values. Therefore, in order to prolong the life of the fibre and cable, all unnecessary stress conditions approaching the allowed limits should be avoided. The following instructions are for the handling of the FMS and FTMMS cables most commonly used in indoor installations, but most of the basic principles are valid for all optical cables.
2.2
Mechanical qualities of cables

Bending radii for cables and fibres When handling optical cables and optical fibres, the minimum permiss ible bending radius shall especially be considered. Bending radii smaller than the minimum bending radius given by the manufacturer must never be used. Under normal operating conditions, the bending of the cable is more critical with regard to the mechanical qualities of the cable and fibres than with regard to the optical performance of the fibres. The following main rules can be given for the minimum bending radius of an FMS-type cable (and a solid-state-coated fibre) used in the inter nal cabling of a rack: 1) THE RECOMMENDED BENDING RADIUS is 50 mm or more in permanent and long-term installations as well as during storage. 2) DURING MEASUREMENTS the bending radius of all cables and fibres belonging to the measurement system shall be greater than 40 mm. 3) DURING SHORT-TERM BENDING the minimum bending radius is 25 mm.
ND Page 6
Instead of bending cables and fibres according to the minimum permiss ible bending radius (25 mm), it is recommended they be bent with a mini mum radius of 50 mm. This corresponds more or less to the situation where a 100 V capacitor with a derating factor of 0.5 is recommended to be used with no more than 50 V. Tensile strength of cables The maximum permissible pulling force on an FMS-type cable is 100 N. The corresponding value for an FTMMS cable is 700 N. Other mechanical qualities A single fibre can withstand a relatively large transversal compression if no other stress is being exerted simultaneously. In actuality, however, the stress states of the cables and fibres are complicated. Bending is usually associated with transversal compression which may appear as extremely sharp and localized microscopic bending in the fibre, capable of causing a large local increase in attenuation. When designing indoor cables, the goal is usually a light-weight and flexible structural solution, which means that the protection for the fibres against transversal compression may be rather insignificant. The low tolerance for longitudinal compression of indoor cables is due to the same reason. On the other hand, due to installation-technical rea sons, the cable must usually withstand a certain amount of pulling, but not nearly as much longitudinal compression. The stress caused by torsion in cables and fibres shall be minimized. Tor sion occurs e.g. when even a short jumper cable which has been coiled is straightened out while holding on to both ends of the cable. Most of the spiral torsion is released by hanging the cable from one end. The remain ing torsion is removed by pulling and sliding the cable between one's fingers, pressing gently while the cable and its other end is free to turn.
2.3
Other physical and chemical qualities of cables

Only special cables will endure strong chemicals, oils, low and high tem peratures.
ND Page 7
2.4
Practical installation instructions

Keep in mind the recommended bending radius of the cable and follow it. Do not exceed the maximum permissible pulling force when pulling the cable. Do not leave a cable or fibre under permanent axial stress (pull or compression). Do not turn the cable and fibres. Make sure that the cables or fibres are not compressed between mechanical parts or clamped when equipping the rack. Optical cables and optical fibres shall be handled more carefully than copper cables or wires of the same size. If single-fibre indoor cables are installed on cable shelves, it is recom mended that they be slipped into a flexible plastic conduit or a plastic spi ral acting as a mechanical shield against transversal compression. The recommended bending radius of the cable should also be ensured when the cable is tightened, i.e. pulled. In the ideal situation, the radii of curvature of all surfaces limiting the route of the cable should be equal to or larger than the recommended bending radius of the cable. The recommended bending radii can often be accomplished by leaving enough slack in the cable and ensuring that this slack remains with proper mounting hardware on both sides of the bending point. When using cable ties, make sure that they are not tightened too much to prevent excessive local compression and bending of the fibres. Note that cable ties cannot be used as actual cable clamps on FMS and FTMMS cables, but rather as holders and mounting hardware keeping earlier in stalled cables and their slacks in the correct positions. NOTE: The cable clamps of the TM4 rack must never be used with optical cables or fibres. When installing optical cables, the objectives should be a clear grouping, straightforward routing as well as a certain degree of spaciousness. If op tical cables are to be installed in a rack, the recommended filling degree of the cable space in the rack body is 0.7. Pulling one cable must not cause tightening and pulling in the other cables or fibres in the rack! For a coiled jumper cable to be installed in the rack, the spiral turns shall be removed. Otherwise, torsional strain will be caused on the cable and its fibres when pulling stress is introduced. When the turns have been re moved, the cables will stay straight better and will not easily become en tangled.
ND Page 8
Cables and plastic covers of fibres tend to "remember" their earlier condition. This should be taken into account when a cable which has been wound into a coil for a long time or a pigtail fibre (or cable) of an active component is unwound and then wound again. The new coil should be wound in the direction to which the cable or fibre bends - without forc ing. Otherwise unnecessary and extra strain will be caused in the cables and fibres. If the holes through which the cables or fibres are taken have sharp edges, they shall be protected which edge tape. The tape protects the cables and fibres from being damaged by the sharp edges of the holes. Also make sure that the bending radius at the holes is within specified limits. When the various types of stress affecting the cables and fibres approach their limit values, their added effect must also be considered. A combina tion of a certain amount of simultaneous bending and pulling may be come critical, even if either stress separately and alone is acceptable. For example, the bending radius of an outdoor cable must typically be larger when installing the cable than after the installation has been completed. Also, the minimum installation temperature is higher than the minimum operating temperature.
OPTICAL CONNECTOR CLEANING PROCEDURE

The following methods can be used for cleaning the FC and SC con nectors and adapters in Nokia's optical products. The cleanness of an optical connector must be ascertained one way or the other before it is taken into use. Cleanness is ensured when one of the fol lowing items is fulfilled: 1. 2. Always clean optical connectors before connecting. Always check the cleanness of the connector visually before connect ing. Use a microscope with magnification of at least 50 times to check the fibre and ferrule ends. It is known that the connector is clean (it has been cleaned or checked recently): WARNING 1 The Nokia optical line equipment, equipped with a laser transmitter, is provided with a warning sticker conforming to the output power. Before optical connector cleaning the yellow safety page of the Operating Hand book of the laser equipment and the warning sticker should be reviewed for safety warnings, markings and instructions. These must then be fol lowed to ensure safe cleaning.
3.
ND Page 9
WARNING 2 The cleaning methods detailed in these instructions do not apply to op tical test instruments. Optical test instruments must always be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
3.1
Optical cleaning kit

h h h h h h
Optical Grade Solvent (Optical Grade ethyl alcohol or Acetone) Swabs Pipe Cleaners Cleaning Wipes (e.g. "Kim Wipes") Blowing Agent, filtered gas suitable for optical cleaning (e.g. "Hand-Air") Protective gloves
Special attention must also be paid to the cleanness of hands and equip ment used when cleaning optical components. To avoid skin contact, clean protective gloves should be used when applying the solvent. The gloves protect hands from the effects of the solvent and components to be cleaned from grease secreting from skin. The items of the cleaning kit must be stored and transported in boxes, containers and packages which protect them against dirt, dust and grease.
3.2
Method for connector cleaning

Apply solvent to the end of a swab so that it becomes thoroughly wet but does not drip. Wipe first the ends of the connector ferrule and fibre. Wipe only in one direction across the end of the ferrule (the swab horizontally), rotate the swab slowly to present a continuously changing and therefore clean part of the swab to the end of the ferrule. Without letting the swab touch the ends of the ferrule and fibre, wipe the bevelling at the end of the ferrule and then the metal shaft. Using the blowing agent, blow off any remaining particles in the con nector and the ferrule. The connector is now clean and ready to be con nected. Do not reuse that end of the swab again.
ND
Page 10
3.3
Protective caps
Protective caps must be clean! Caps must be cleaned with solvent and blowing agent. Clean caps must be stored in a clean box with a lid that is kept closed. Before a cap is fitted use the blowing agent to remove any particles.
3.4
Adapter cleaning
The adapter may be cleaned by the following method: 1) Blow first the threads and then through the centre. 2) Clean the threads with a swab and solvent. 3) Apply solvent on the wipe so that it becomes thoroughly wet but does not drip. Take a pipe cleaner and pull through the wipe a few times to remove any loose fibres. 4) Place the same end of the pipe cleaner through the adapter so that about 30 mm protrudes through the other side. 5) Apply a few drops of solvent to this end and pull slowly through the adapter. 6) Give a final blow of the threads and thereafter through the centre.
2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Operation 26.5.1993
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 1

Operation Contents
Page 1 2 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 COMMISSIONING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Software settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Commissioning measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Statistics resetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 State and fault messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Fault location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Performance and follow-up measurements . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Monitoring of statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 (17)
MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Prepared by Wikberg/Heinonen/jh
NTC/TS
Checked
Approved
Number DF200-0451-SEB2
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 2
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 3
INTRODUCTION
The operation of the Optical Line Equipment DF 2-8 is controlled via the service interface MI using the Service Terminal. Through this inter face, equipment state and alarm data are read, controls and settings are given, loopbacks are ordered, etc. If the service interfaces have been connected into a bus and the buses have been further connected into a service network by means of a data channel, all equipment connected to the bus or network can be remotecontrolled from one point using the Service Terminal or the Transmission Management System TMS (see the corresponding operating hand books). Enclosed to this handbook is a separate description of the DF 2-8, Oper ation with Service Terminal. The service menus obtained from the equip ment and their use are described in this description. For the Service Ter minal there is a separate Operating Handbook.
COMMISSIONING
The equipment is ready to operate after its installation into a cartridge and the connection of signal cables. Before commissioning, however, the software settings should be checked, the clock frequencies should be measured, if required, and the statistics and error counters must be reset.
2.1
Software settings
In connection with the commissioning, the equipment name and the fol lowing permanent settings shall be checked and the required changes be made. The number of the service menu through which the change is made and the factory setting are given in parentheses. Identifications Equipment name (4,7,2/DF2-8 AB) Used, when necessary, in network management to identify a set of equip ment, in addition to the address. The name is also visible when Fault dis play is used. The name may be, for example, the equipment type and some abbreviation related to the route (together max. 15 characters).
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 4
Settings Baud rate (6,1,1/9600 bit/s) In case the equipment is not in a bus, a service interface MI speed as high as possible (9600) should be used. When the equipment is in a bus, the speed is set to correspond to the one used in the bus. Address (6,1,2/4095) Each equipment in the bus shall have its own address by means of which it can be accessed separately. Equipment which is not in the bus does not need an address; the connection can be established using the address 4095 common to all equipment. Rack alarm functions (6,1,3/normal) If it is desired that rack alarms are not given normally, e.g. during commis sioning, the alarms can be set to be inhibited or urgent alarms A can be replaced by less urgent alarms B. Rack alarm delay (6,1,4/1 s) If it is desired that short, occasional alarms are filtered, i.e. prevent them from causing a rack alarm A, a time > 0 is set here. However, even then continual short alarms will cause a rack alarm. Programmable alarm outputs PA1 and PA2 functions (6,1,5 PA1/alarm A activates; 6,1,6 PA2/alarm B activates) The desired alarm condition is selected by this setting to activate the out puts PA1 and PA2. From them, alarm data can be collected with some fault monitoring system. The output PA1 can also be used e.g. to control a change-over equipment in protected systems. Control timeout (6,1,7/10 min) A time is selected during which the controls remain active. Normally the time can be short (< 10 min) but if one wishes to keep a certain control (e.g. loopback in connection with testing) active for a longer period, the timeout can be set to be greater (max. 65000 min). Data hybrid configuration (6,1,8/set OFF) The use of the data hybrid depends on the structure of the service net work.
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 5
Transmission bit rate (6,2,1/2048 kbit/s) The main channel transmission bit rate is set to 8448 kbit/s if required. Code table (6,2,2/normal code table (two-fibre system) The selection of the code table depends on whether the system in use is a one-fibre or two-fibre system. In a two-fibre system normal code table is used. For bidirectional trans mission in a one-fibre system the code A/B is set in use in the terminal at one end of the line section and the code B/A in the terminal at the other end. Consequences of far-end alarm (6,3,2/S-alarm) No alarm is usually given of the received far-end alarm because the fault has been detected elsewhere but if desired, alarm A or alarm B can be set to be given. However, S-alarm visible in the Service Terminal is always given. It indicates that the main service of the system is missing. Alarm threshold for BER: AIS & A-alarm (6,4,1/E-3) For the bit error rate an alarm threshold is set (E-3 or E-4) at which the AIS will be connected in the place of the signal and A-alarm be given. Alarm threshold for BER: B-alarm (6,4,2/transmission bit rate 2M: E-5, transmission bit rate 8M: E-6) For the bit error rate an alarm threshold is set (E-5 or E-6) at which B-alarm will be given. Alarm threshold for laser bias current (6,4,3/50 %) An alarm threshold for the laser transmitter bias current alarm is set or the alarm is set out of use. The alarm threshold is set by giving the permis sible percentual increase for the initial bias current value of the laser. (Not in terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser or LED transmitter). Alarm threshold for laser temperature (6,4,4/40 _C) An alarm threshold for the laser transmitter temperature alarm is set or the alarm is set out of use. (Not in terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser or LED transmitter).
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 6
Laser safety mode (6,6/laser cut-off not in use) The desired operating mode of the automatic cut-off and restart of the laser transmitter in case the incoming optical signal is missing is set. (Not in terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter). If the laser cut-off is not in use (6,6,1), the laser transmitter is not cut off even though the incoming optical signal were missing. For safety reasons, however, the laser transmitter can be set to operate so that it is cut off when the incoming optical signal is missing (6,6,2 or 6,6,3). When item 6,6,2 is set, the laser restart is in use and after a cut-off the laser transmitter restarts automatically as soon as the incoming optical signal is recovered. When item 6,6,3 is set, the restart is not in use and after a cut-off the laser transmitter can be restarted only manually. The lasers are manually restarted by item 5,4,4. Default settings (6,7) With this setting the so-called factory settings can be restored to the equipment. Does not affect the settings Baud rate, Address, Transmission bit rate, Code table, Transmitter type, or Calibrations. User privileges Timeout (10,4,1/10 min) The time which the privileges obtained with the password or PIN signal (see Protections) are in effect is set (max. 1000 min). Protections (10,4,2/no protections) Some of the transmission management functions of the equipment can be protected against misuse. The protection is implemented by setting either a password (makes remote operation possible) or PIN signal as the condi tion for operation. The making of settings and controls is restricted by the PIN signal only to local operation and thus the possibility of misuse is smaller but the remote-controlled management of the network becomes more difficult. Password (10,4,3/ - ) The password can consist of 1...7 characters. The protection is activated by item 10,4,2 Protections. It is recommended that this is set only after the commissioning of the equipment and when the connection functions faultlessly.
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 7
2.2
Commissioning measurements
Commissioning measurements are not necessarily required. Clock fre quencies, however, can be measured if desired. The main channel AIS oscillator frequency is measured from the terminal repeater measurement point MP. The frequency is connected to the measurement point through the service menu 5,5. The signal coming to the measurement point is AIS clock divided by 5. The recommended values for the frequencies are:
h h
2M clock: 409.59 ... 409.61 kHz (409.6 kHz 30 ppm) 8M clock: 1689.57 ... 1689.63 kHz (1689.6 kHz 20 ppm)
2.3
Statistics resetting
Signal quality statistics and error counters are reset during commission ing.
h h
Reset statistics (8,1,1) Reset error counters (8,2,1)
In this way it is made sure that the compilation of statistics and error counting start from the commissioning.
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 8
MAINTENANCE
The equipment does not require scheduled maintenance. Maintenance is needed only when the equipment indicates with alarms that there is a fault. Accurate data concerning the equipment state and the nature of the fault are obtained via the Service Terminal. Additional data on the condition of the equipment and the signal quality are obtained from the measurements and statistics made by the equip ment itself. Measurement results and statistics are read with the Service Terminal. By means of the Service Terminal, also the tests and loopbacks possibly required in fault location can be made.
3.1
Alarms
RACK ALARM LAMPS red white yellow Alarm A (prompt) Alarm B (deferred) Alarm D (reminder of alarm cancellation)
SERVICE LEDS red yellow serious fault in the equipment fault in the signal received by the equipment, equipment fault, or controlled service function in the equipment (e.g. loopback) equipment accessed by the Service Terminal
green
DM1027EB1
Figure 24
Alarm indication
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 9
SERVICE LEDS
RACK ALARMS
TO SERVICE INTERFACE
ACTIONS FOLLOWING FAULT CONDITION/CONTROL

MAIN CH FAR END ALARM to optical to connector LASER TRANSM. CUT-OFF
FAULT CONDITION/ CONTROL Power supply fault Incoming optical signal Input signal missing Frame alignment lost BER > E-3/E-4 BER > E-5/E-6 Far-end alarm received Laser transmitter Bias has exceeded alarm threshold Bias has exceeded cut-off threshold Power has exceeded cut-off threshold Temp. has exceeded alarm threshold Laser forced - ON - OFF Main ch. interface 2 M/8 M Input signal missing Loop to interface Loop to equipment Far-end alarm from front connector Test mode Cancellation of rack alarms when alarm A or B Cancellation of rack alarms when no alarm A or B 3
red
yel
green
AIS to interface
AIS to optical
* * * * *
2
* * * *
2
*
2
* * *
2
*
2
* * * *
* * *
* * *
* * * *
3 3
* * * * * * * * *
2
* * * * * * * *
2 2
* * * * * * * *
2 2
* * *
* *
* * * *
* * * * *
* *
* *
Software settable via the service interface 1 2 3 Cut-off in use/not in use Alarm A or B/no alarm. If A or B, also the yellow service LED Alarm in use/not in use
DF1665EA1
Table 4
Interpretation of alarms
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 10
When the red service LED is lit, there is a serious fault in the equipment and it usually has to be replaced by a new one. It is probably a question of power supply failure, i.e. the equipment-specific power supply does not function. The red service LED, red rack alarm lamp and programmable alarm output PA1 are activated by means of an external auxiliary voltage. When the yellow service LED is lit, the fault may, for example, be in the signal received by the equipment. The alarm can also be caused by some controlled service function performed in the equipment (e.g. loopback). The alarming equipment itself is not necessarily faulty; the fault may be in the far-end equipment, signal cabling or the line section. The green service LED is lit when the equipment is accessed by the Ser vice Terminal.
3.2
State and fault messages

The state and fault messages of the equipment obtained through the ser vice menu 1 Fault display by the Service Terminal or the TMS Trans mission Management System are described below together with their meanings. The rack alarm/service LED indication obtained from the equipment in each situation is given in parentheses.
Optical interface
No incoming line signal (A/yellow) The incoming optical signal is missing. The operating mode of the auto matic cut-off and restart of the laser transmitter in this fault situation can be set with the Service Terminal. Frame alignment lost (A/yellow) The frame alignment of the incoming optical signal is lost. BER > E-3/E-4 (A/yellow) The bit error rate of the incoming optical signal is worse than the set threshold value E-3 or E-4. BER > E-5/E-6 (B/yellow) The bit error rate of the incoming optical signal is worse than the set threshold value E-5 or E-6.
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 11
Far-end alarm (A, B or - /if A or B, yellow) Far-end alarm received from the optical line. The function of the alarms in this fault condition can be set with the Service Terminal. Laser bias out of range (B/yellow) The laser transmitter bias current has exceeded the set alarm threshold. The alarm can be set altogether out of use with the Service Terminal. Laser power out of range (A/yellow) The laser transmitter output power has exceeded the cut-off threshold. Laser temperature out of range (B/yellow) The laser transmitter temperature has exceeded the set alarm threshold. The alarm can be set altogether out of use with the Service Terminal. Forced control on (A or B/yellow) The laser transmitter is force-controlled ON (alarm B) or OFF (alarm A). Forced laser cut-off (A/yellow) The laser transmitter is cut off. The cut-off may be caused by the missing of the incoming optical signal (in case under the item Safety mode, the option Laser restart not in use has been set), by the bias current or the optical output power exceeding the defined limit, or by a force-control. Test mode (A/yellow) An equipment test is running.
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 12
MAIN interface
No incoming 2M/8M signal (A/yellow) The incoming 2 Mbit/s or 8 Mbit/s main channel signal is missing. Loop to interface (A/yellow) Loopback to interface is connected at the main channel interface. Loop to equipment (A/yellow) Loopback to equipment is connected at the main channel interface. Test mode (A/yellow) An equipment test is running.
Control block
Memory fault (B/yellow) A fault detected by the equipment in EPROM, RAM or EEPROM test. Eq. reset (A/ - ) The local processor of the equipment has been reset (or some other simi lar malfunction). This fault message is obtained via the TMS Trans mission Management System only.
Repeater FEA
Far-end alarm (A, B or - /if A or B, yellow) In a chained line equipment system a far-end alarm has been received from the terminal repeater front connector. The function of the alarms in this fault condition can be set with the Service Terminal.
3.3
Fault location
Sometimes in fault conditions, an alarm is received simultaneously from several sets of equipment. This is due to the fact that the effect of the fault spreads along the signal path with the faulty signal. Usually, however, the set of equipment that has detected a fault transmits the AIS whereupon the other sets do not alarm but indicate the AIS.
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 13
If it is not possible to locate the fault on the basis of the fault data provided by the alarms and the Service Terminal, the use of equipment and inter face loopbacks, testing of the internal signal path of the equipment, and memory tests can be of help. NOTE Loopbacks and signal path tests cut off the traffic. Unless can celled, they are in effect during the whole time set for controls (6,1,7 Control timeout). The operation of data channels and the service telephone are not, however, affected by the loopbacks. Loop-back to interface (5,2,2) Loopback to interface is used in testing a line section and signal cabling. The loopback can be made at the 2/8 Mbit/s main channel interface. Loop-back to equipment (5,2,3) Loopback to equipment is used in testing the equipment, line section and signal cabling. The loopback can be made at the 2/8 Mbit/s main channel interface.
AIS
MAINI
OI
AIS
1 2
Interface loop of 2 M/8 M signal Equipment loop of 2 M/8 M signal Loopbacks

DF1666EA1
Figure 25
Signal path test (9,2) Signal path test is used for testing the internal signal path of the equip ment. The test signal can, however, be connected to the test signal detector using different routes by making loopbacks somewhere else than
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 14
inside the equipment and thus the network can be tested more exten sively. For the signal path test, external loops have to be connected to the main channel interface and the optical interface by cables. The test is started with the service menu command 9,2,2. As test result (9,2,3) either the answer Passed or Failed is obtained depending whether the signal has been faultless or not after the setting of test mode or the previous displaying of the result. If the answer is Failed, the equipment is faulty and it should be replaced by a functioning one.
TEST DATA GEN. OI
MAINI
TEST DETECTOR
COAXIAL LOOP
OPTICAL LOOP
DF1667EA1
Figure 26
Signal path test
EPROM (9,5) RAM (9,6) and EEPROM (9,7) tests The following answers can be obtained from the memory tests ordered with the Service Terminal:
h h h h h h h
OK EPROM failed Int. RAM failed Ext. RAM failed Int. and ext. RAMs failed EEPROM failed Too many corrections in EEPROM
The answer Too many corrections in EEPROM gives a warning of an impending fault and it is advisable to have the equipment repaired.
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 15
3.4
Performance and follow-up measurements

Since the equipment itself collects data on signal quality and error occur rences and indicates faults by alarms, only few performance measure ments carried out with separate measurement instruments are required. The supply voltages, quantities related to optical components, and the bit error rate can be measured using the Service Terminal. Supply voltages The supply voltages can be measured and the result read through the Ser vice Terminal menu 7,1. If the supply voltages deviate from the recommended values, it is advis able to have the equipment checked. The allowable range of variation for the +5 V voltage is +5 % and for the +12 V voltages +10 % . Optical quantities The following optical quantities can be measured through the Service Terminal menu 7,2:
h
Laser bias current * The increasing of the laser bias current may be followed if desired. Typically, the bias current increases when the laser ages.
Laser temperature *, ** The nominal value of the temperature is 25 _C +2 _C.
Received optical signal power The power of the received optical signal depends on the transmitter type and the type and length of the optical cable.
Laser output power *
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 16
The nominal output power in different terminal repeaters is:
Transmitter type
Wavelength (nm) 1300 1300 1300 1300 1550
Safety class
Nominal output power (dBm) 0 -3 -4,5 -12 -6
Multimode laser Single-mode laser Single-mode laser Single-mode low-power laser Single-mode laser
3A 3A 1 1 1
* Not in terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter ** Not in terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser transmitter Error rate and jitter measurements The bit error rate (BER) can be measured and the result of the measure ment read through the Service Terminal menu 7,3. The values used in connection with statistics can be used as a basis for the performance evaluation (see Functional Description). In jitter measurements, the signal to be measured is taken either from the front connector or the measurement point and measured with an oscillo scope. The recommended values for jitter measurements are given in the CCITT Recommendations G.742, G.751 and G.823.
DF 2-8 II/3 Page 17
3.5
Monitoring of statistics
Signal quality (8,1) The statistics on signal quality can be read using the Service Terminal. These statistics cover the time from the resetting to the reading. The read ing of the statistics does not reset the statistics. Evaluation of the results, see the Functional Description. If the local processor (CPU) of the equipment is reset, for example due to a voltage breakdown, also the statistics are reset and the compilation of the new statistics starts from that moment. In case the CPU-reset counter has been reset at the same time as the statistics, the resetting caused by the breakdown will also be seen from the counter. Error counters (8,2) CPU-reset counter (8,2,2) Displays the number of local processor resets. If the answer is > 255, the counter is full. Received optical bit errors (8,2,3) Displays the cumulative sum of bit errors detected in the received optical signal. If the answer is > 65535, the counter is full. Received optical frame alignment losses (8,2,4) Displays the number of frame alignment losses detected in the received optical signal. If the answer is > 255, the counter is full. If the error counters are full, the exact number of errors can not be obtained.
2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Operation with Service Terminal 26.5.1993
DF 2-8 Page 1

Operation with Service Terminal Contents
Page 1 2 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 SERVICE MENUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Fault display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local alarm cancel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reset local cancel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Identifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Controls (temporary) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Settings (permanent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12 12 12 14 17 28 31 32 37 39 (39)
NOTE!
THIS DESCRIPTION IS VALID FOR OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT DF 2-8 PROGRAM TS 21905 VERSIONS 04A AND 04B
Prepared by Wikberg/Oksa/jh
NTC/TS
Checked
Approved
Number DF200-0446-SEC2
DF 2-8 Page 2
DF 2-8 Page 3
GENERAL
The operation of the DF 2-8 Optical Line Equipment is controlled using the Service Terminal via the service interface. With the Service Terminal, the basic equipment settings can be set into the non-volatile memory, service functions, e.g. loop-backs, can be performed, or the state and alarm data of the equipment can be read, etc. If the service interfaces are connected into a bus and the buses further into a service network by means of the data channel, all equipment con nected to the bus or network can be remote-controlled from one point using the Service Terminal (or the TMS Transmission Management Sys tem, see the corresponding operating handbooks). All the transmission management functions which can be performed with the Service Terminal are dealt with in this description. The functions are menu based and the menus have 1...4 levels. The service menus of the equipment are accessed using the Service Ter minal menu Select operation.
Select operation: 1 Fault display 2 Local alarm cancel 3 Reset local cancel 4 Identifications 5 Controls (temporary) 6 Settings (permanent) 7 Measurements 8 Statistics 9 Testing 10 User privileges 11 Miscellaneous
In the following, there is first a short description of each item in this menu and then the service menus of the equipment and their use are described in detail. 1 Fault display Indicates the equipment name, alarm states, controls in effect, and poss ible faults in plain language. 2 Local alarm cancel Removes rack alarms A and B caused by the equipment. D-alarm is obtained as a reminder of the cancellation.
DF 2-8 Page 4
3 Reset local cancel Cancellation of the above function. 4 Identifications Displays the equipment identifications. Some of the identifications can be changed by the user. 5 Controls (temporary) Controls (loop-backs etc.) to be used temporarily e.g. in fault location. 6 Settings (permanent) Settings by means of which the equipment is controlled permanently to certain operating states. They are stored into a non-volatile memory and they are not removed by power outages. 7 Measurements Measurements performed by the equipment itself without measurement instruments. 8 Statistics For reading and resetting the statistics compiled by the equipment. 9 Testing Tests performed by the equipment itself. 10 User privileges For protecting the transmission management functions of the equipment. 11 Miscellaneous Not in use.
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SERVICE MENUS
1
:
DF2-8 (OK)
SERVICE TERMINAL Equipment operation mode TOP
2 3
Done Done Identifications: 1 Eq type 2 Eq name 3 User manual 4 HW unit 6 Program 7 Modify * Controls: 1 Equipment to normal state 2 MAIN interface * 4 Forced laser control * 5 Meas. conn. signal sel. * DF2-8 Settings: 0 Display all 1 Service options * 2 Transmission configuration * 3 Fault consequences * 4 Alarm thresholds * 5 Calibrations * 6 Safety mode * 7 Default settings * Measurements: 1 Supply voltages * 2 Optical components * 3 BER Statistics: 1 Signal quality * 2 Error counters * Testing: 2 Signal path test * 3 EEPROM write * 4 Memory display * 5 EPROM-test 6 RAM-test 7 EEPROM-test 8 Scrambler function * 9 Signal tests * User privileges: 1 Password for privileges * 2 PIN for privileges * 3 Cancel privileges 4 Setting parameters * Miscellaneous: Nothing here
Select operation: 1 Fault display 2 Local alarm cancel 3 Reset local cancel 4 Identifications 5 Controls (temporary) 6 Settings (permanent) 7 Measurements 8 Statistics 9 Testing 10 User privileges 11 Miscellaneous
For sublevel go to page 6
page 6
OFF
MIDDLE
ON
page 7, 8 and 9
Select operation: 1 Fault display 2 Local alarm cancel 3 Reset local cancel
page 9
8
F1 MODE HELP F2 OBJ F3 TOP F4 UP >...
page 10
STO
7 D 4 A 1 EXP -
RCL
DEF
DATA ASCII
page 10
E 5 B 2
F 6 C 3 #
INV
DEL AUTO RET
10
page 10
11
DF 2-8 Page 6
4 IDENTIFICATIONS Identifications: 1 Eq type 2 Eq name 3 User manual 4 HW unit 6 Program 7 Modify Modify IDs: 2 Eq name 4 HW unit 4,7,2 4,7,4
4,7
5 CONTROLS Controls: 1 Equipment to normal state 2 MAIN interface 4 Forced laser control 5 Meas. conn. signal sel.
5,2
MAIN interface: 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Loop-back to interface 3 Loop-back to equipment
5,4
Forced laser control: 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Laser forced ON 3 Laser forced OFF 4 Manual restart Meas. conn. signal sel.: 0 Display 1 MAIN IN signal 2 MAIN OUT signal 3 AIS frequency
5,5
DF 2-8 Page 7
6 SETTINGS DF2-8 Settings: 0 Display all 1 Service options 2 Transmission configuration 3 Fault consequences 4 Alarm thresholds 5 Calibrations 6 Safety mode 7 Default settings
Service options: 1 Baud rate * 2 Address * 6,1 3 Rack alarm functions * 4 Rack alarm delay * 5 PA1 function * 6 PA2 function * 7 Control timeout * 8 Data hybrid config *
* For sublevel go to page 8
6,2
Transmission configuration: 1 Transm. bit rate * 2 Code table * 3 Transmitter type *
page 9
6,3
Consequences of: 2 Far-end alarm
Far-end alarm consequences: 6,3,2 0 Display 1 A+S alarm 2 B+S alarm 3 S-alarm
6,4
Alarm threshold settings: 1 BER: AIS & A-alarm * 2 BER: B-alarm * 3 Laser bias * 4 Laser temperature *
page 9
Calibrations: 1 +5 V calibration 3 +12 V calibration 6,5 4 -12 V calibration 5 Laser bias calibration 7 Rec. opt. power cal. 1 8 Rec. opt. power cal. 2 9 Laser power cal.
6,5,1 6,5,3 6,5,4 Give measured supply voltage in mV (without sign):
Safety mode: 6,6 0 Display 1 Laser cut-off not in use 2 Laser automatic restart 3 Laser manual restart
6,7
Default settings: 1 Set default settings
DF 2-8 Page 8
6,1 Service options Service options: 1 Baud rate 2 Address 3 Rack alarm functions 4 Rack alarm delay 5 PA1 function 6 PA2 function 7 Control timeout 8 Data hybrid config
6,1,1
Baud rate: 0 Display 75...9600 Address: 0 Display 1 Modify Rack alarm functions: 0 Display 1 Normal 2 Alarms inhibited 3 A replaced by B Rack alarm delay: 0 Display 1 Modify PA1 function: 0 Display 1A 2B 3D 4S 5 A&S 6 A+B 7 A+B+S 8 Rec. opt. signal degraded 9 Rec. opt. signal severely degraded PA2 function: 0 Display 1A 2B 3D 4S 5 A&S 6 A+B 7 A+B+S Control timeout: 0 Display 1...65000 min Data hybrid config: 0 Display 1 Set ON 2 Set OFF 6,1,4,1 Delay? 0...15 s 6,1,2,1 Address? 0...4095
6,1,2
6,1,3
6,1,4
6,1,5
6,1,6
6,1,7
6,1,8
DF 2-8 Page 9
6,2 Transmission configuration Transmission configuration: 1 Transm. bit rate 2 Code table 3 Transmitter type
6,2,1
Transm. bit rate: 0 Display 1 2048 kbit/s 2 8448 kbit/s Code table: 0 Display 1 Normal code table (two-fibre system) 2 A/B code (one-fibre system) 3 B/A code (one-fibre system) Transmitter type: 0 Display 1 SM laser out. pow. -3 dBm 2 SM LP laser 3 MM laser 4 SM laser out. pow. -4.5 dBm 5 SM laser out. pow. -6 dBm 6 LED
6,2,2
6,2,3
6,4 Alarm thresholds Alarm threshold settings: 1 BER: AIS & A-alarm 2 BER: B-alarm 3 Laser bias 4 Laser temperature
6,4,1
BER: AIS & A-alarm 0 Display 1 E-3 2 E-4 BER: B-alarm 0 Display 1 E-5 2 E-6 Laser bias current: 0 Display 1 Modify Laser temperature: 0 Display 1 Modify 6,4,3,1 Give current increase in %: 20...200 for alarm 0: alarm not in use Give thresh. in Celsius: 35...45 for alarm 0: alarm not in use
6,4,2
6,4,3
6,4,4
6,4,4,1
7 MEASUREMENTS Measurements: 1 Supply voltages 2 Optical components 3 BER
7,1
Supply voltages: 1 +5V 3 +12V 4 -12V ( 5 NMS-answer) ( 7 NMS-answer) ( 8 NMS-answer) Optical components: 1 Laser bias 2 Laser temperature 3 Rec. optical power 4 Laser power
7,2
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8 STATISTICS Statistics: 1 Signal quality 2 Error counters
8,1
Signal quality: 0 Display signal quality 1 Reset statistics (2 NMS-answer) Error counters: 1 Reset error counters 2 Display CPU-reset counter 3 Display rec. opt. bit errors 4 Display rec. opt. fr-al. losses
8,2
9 TESTING Testing: 2 Signal path test 3 EEPROM write 4 Memory display 5 EPROM-test 6 RAM-test 7 EEPROM-test 8 Scrambler function 9 Signal tests
9,2
Signal path test: External loops needed 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Test configuration ON 3 Display test result Give address: (0...125) Give memory address: Scrambler function: 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Scrambler OFF Signal tests: 1 To normal state 2 Opt. interface test ON 3 MAIN interface test ON 4 Test data = 0 5 Test data = 1 6 Display test result Give value: (0...255)
9,3 9,4
9,8
9,9
10 USER PRIVILEGES User privileges: 1 Password for privileges 2 PIN for privileges 3 Cancel privileges 4 Setting parameters
10,1 10,2
Give password: 1...7 char Ground local PIN 10,4,1 Setting parameters: 1 Timeout 2 Protections 3 Password
10,4
Timeout: 0 Display 1...1000 min Protections: 0 Display 1 No protections 2 Password required 3 Local PIN required Give password: 1...7 char
10,4,2
10,4,3
DF 2-8 Page 11
Fault display Example: *DF2-8 ABC (AS) Opt. interf.: -frame alignment lost MAIN interf.: -loop to interface Possible state or fault messages: *DF2-8 ABC (OK) or *DF2-8 ABC (A) or *DF2-8 ABC (AS) etc. Optical interface: -no incoming line sig. -frame alignment lost -BER > E-3 -BER > E-4 -BER > E-5 -BER > E-6 -far-end alarm -laser bias out of range -laser power out of range -laser temp. out of range -forced control on -forced laser cut-off -test mode MAIN interface: -no incoming 2M sig. -no incoming 8M sig. -loop to interface -loop to equipment -test mode Control block: -memory fault -eq. reset (via TMS only) (eq. name and alarm states) (state and fault messages)
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Repeater FEA: -far-end alarm
Local alarm cancel After the cancellation of local alarms the following answer is obtained: Done
Reset local cancel After the resetting of local cancel the following answer is obtained: Done
Identifications
Identifications: 1 Eq type 2 Eq name 3 User manual 4 HW unit 6 Program 7 Modify
Menu items 1...6 give the identification or data concerned as the answer. Through item 7 some of the identifications can be altered.
4,1 Equipment type Fixed. DF2-8
4,2 Equipment name The symbolic name given to the equipment by the user. It can be used e.g. in service network management. This identification is shown in the Fault display answer. Example: DF2-8 Hels86
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4,3 User manual The document number of the equipment- and program-specific description Operation with Service Terminal. Fixed. Example: DF200-0446-SEC
4,4 HW unit Equipment (unit) type designation and version. Set at the factory but can be changed e.g. in connection with repair. Example: TA 21516 05A
4,6 Program Type designation and version of the equipment local processor program. Fixed. Example: TS 21905 04A
4,7 Modify
Modify IDs: 2 Eq name 4 HW unit
Below both items there is the menu:

The text is given in ASCII characters (see the Operating Handbook for the Service Terminal).
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Controls (temporary)
Controls: 1 Equipment to normal state 2 MAIN interface 4 Forced laser control 5 Meas. conn. signal sel.
The controls affecting the operation of the equipment. The controls are not permanent; they are removed after the set time has passed from the latest control option. (See Settings/Control timeout). If protection (e.g. password) is in use and the user does not have rights to use the equipment, an attempt to change the controls gives the answer: Missing rights
5,1 Equipment to normal state Removes all the controls from the equipment. Permanent settings are not affected. Also returns the equipment from the test state into normal state in con nection with the tests under items 9,2 and 9,9 (i.e. this option has the same effect on the tests as options 9,2,1 and 9,9,1).
5,2 MAIN interface The main channel interface can be controlled to different states.
MAIN interface: 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Loop-back to interface 3 Loop-back to equipment
5,2,0 Display Display of the selected control. The answers: Normal state or Loop to interface and/or Loop to equipment
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5,2,1 To normal state Removes the loop-backs.
5,2,2 Loop-back to interface The signal fed to the main channel interface comes out from the same interface. Instead of the signal, AIS is transmitted to the optical line.
5,2,3 Loop-back to equipment The signal coming from inside the equipment is connected back; the AIS comes out from the interface.
5,4 Forced laser control

Forced laser control: 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Laser forced ON 3 Laser forced OFF 4 Manual restart
The laser transmitter can be force-controlled ON or OFF. The terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter do not feature this forced control. They respond to the following items with the text: Not for LED
5,4,0 Display Displays the selected laser transmitter force-control. The answers: Normal state or Laser forced ON or Laser forced OFF
5,4,1 To normal state Laser transmitter control to normal state.
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5,4,2 Laser forced ON Laser transmitter force-controlled ON.
5,4,3 Laser forced OFF Laser transmitter force-controlled OFF.
5,4,4 Manual restart Safety mode 6,6,3 Laser manual restart must have been selected previ ously. Turns the laser transmitter on for approx. 1 s. If the receiver detects an optical signal, the transmitter remains on, if no signal is detected the laser is cut off.
5,5 Measurement connector signal selection The selection of the signal to be connected to the measurement point (MP) of the equipment. (Default selection MAIN OUT signal).
Meas. conn. signal sel.: 0 Display 1 MAIN IN signal 2 MAIN OUT signal 3 AIS frequency
Option 0 displays the current selection.
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Settings (permanent)
DF2-8 Settings: 0 Display all 1 Service options 2 Transmission configuration 3 Fault consequences 4 Alarm thresholds 5 Calibrations 6 Safety mode 7 Default settings
If protection (e.g. password) is in use and the user does not have rights to use the equipment, an attempt to change the settings gives the answer: Missing rights
6,0 Display all Provides a list of the states of all the settings under item 6. All settings of DF2-8: Baud rate: 9600 Address: 12 Rack alarms: Normal etc.
6,1 Service options

Service options: 1 Baud rate 2 Address 3 Rack alarm functions 4 Rack alarm delay 5 PA1 function 6 PA2 function 7 Control timeout 8 Data hybrid config
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6,1,1 Baud rate The speed of the traffic between the Service Terminal and the equipment is set. (Factory setting 9600).
Baud rate: 0 Display 75...9600
Only the rates 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600 bit/s can be chosen. The answer to option 0 is the selected baud rate, e.g. 9600.
6,1,2 Address An individual address is set for the equipment so that the equipment can be used in the bus, from any point of which all the equipment connected to it can be accessed. (Factory setting 4095).
Address: 0 Display 1 Modify
Option 0 shows the current address. By option 1 the desired address (0...4095) can be set:
Address? 0...4095
NOTE h The common address 4095 must not be set if the equipment is con nected to a TMS bus. h The address 4094 has been reserved for PC-TMC/STE use (general address for the PC interface unit). h The address 0 has been reserved for PC-TMC/STE use (default address for the PC interface unit).
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6,1,3 Rack alarm functions The rack alarm function is selected: normal, alarms inhibited or alarm A replaced by B. (Factory setting Normal).
Rack alarm functions: 0 Display 1 Normal 2 Alarms inhibited 3 A replaced by B
The answer to option 0 is one of the menu texts. 6,1,4 Rack alarm delay The setting of the time from the beginning of an alarm to the moment when the rack alarm lamp is lit. (Factory setting 1 s).
Rack alarm delay: 0 Display 1 Modify
Option 0 shows the set alarm delay. Through option 1 the desired alarm delay (0...15 s) can be set:
Delay? 0...15 s
6,1,5 PA1 function The function of the programmable alarm output PA1 is set. The output is activated when an alarm corresponding to this option or a power supply fault emerges in the equipment. (Factory setting Alarm A activates the output).
PA1 function: 0 Display 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 S 5 A&S 6 A+B 7 A+B+S 8 Rec. opt. signal degraded 9 Rec. opt. signal severely degraded
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The answer to option 0 is one of the menu texts. Options 8 Received optical signal degraded and 9 Received optical signal severely degraded are used e.g. to control a change-over equipment in protected systems.
6,1,6 PA2 function The function of the programmable alarm output PA2 is set. The output is activated when an alarm corresponding to this option emerges in the equipment. (Factory setting Alarm B activates the output).
PA2 function: 0 Display 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 S 5 A&S 6 A+B 7 A+B+S
The answer to option 0 is one of the menu texts.
6,1,7 Control timeout The time during which the controls (temporary) are active without refreshing is selected. (Factory setting 10 min).
Control timeout: 0 Display 1...65000 min
Option 0 shows the set timeout. By entering 1...65000 the desired timeout can be set (in minutes).
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6,1,8 Data hybrid configuration Selection is made whether the connection between the service interface MI and data interface DI is switched ON or OFF. (Factory setting OFF).
Data hybrid config: 0 Display 1 Set ON 2 Set OFF
The answer to option 0 is: ON (option 1 selected) or OFF (option 2 selected). 6,2 Transmission configuration The main channel transmission bit rate and the code tables are set to correspond to the system in use. Also the type of the optical transmitter is set.
Transmission configuration: 1 Transm. bit rate 2 Code table 3 Transmitter type
6,2,1 Transmission bit rate

Transm. bit rate: 0 Display 1 2048 kbit/s 2 8448 kbit/s
The transmission bit rate of the main channel is set. (Factory setting 2048 kbit/s). Option 0 shows the set transmission bit rate. By options 1 and 2 the desired bit rate (2048 kbit/s or 8448 kbit/s) can be set. 6,2,2 Code table
Code table: 0 Display 1 Normal code table (two-fibre system) 2 A/B code (one-fibre system) 3 B/A code (one-fibre system)
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The code table is selected according to the fibre system used: one-fibre or two-fibre system. (Factory setting Normal code table (two-fibre sys tem). Option 0 shows the set code table: Normal code table or A/B code or B/A code By option 1 the normal code table is set in use in a two-fibre system. For bidirectional transmission in a one-fibre system the A/B code is set in use in the terminal at one end of the line section by selecting the option 2 and the B/A code in the terminal at the other end by selecting the option 3.
6,2,3 Transmitter type

Transmitter type: 0 Display 1 SM laser out. pow. -3 dBm 2 SM LP laser 3 MM laser 4 SM laser out. pow. -4.5 dBm 5 SM laser out. pow. -6 dBm 6 LED
The type of the optical transmitter is set. The setting is done at the factory and the factory setting must not be changed. Therefore, the options 6,2,3,1...6 are protected so that their use requires the connection of strap ping HWP in the terminal repeater. If the strapping has not been con nected and an attempt is made to change these settings, the answer will be: Not available in normal use Option 0 shows the type of the optical transmitter.
6,3 Fault consequences

Consequences of: 2 Far-end alarm
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6,3,2 Consequences of far-end alarm The desired alarm alternative in far-end alarm situations is selected. (Factory setting S-alarm).
Far-end alarm consequences: 0 Display 1 A+S alarm 2 B+S alarm 3 S-alarm
6,4 Alarm thresholds The alarm thresholds for the bit error rate, laser bias current, and laser temperature alarms are set. In addition, laser bias current and tempera ture alarms can be set out of use.
Alarm threshold settings: 1 BER: AIS & A-alarm 2 BER: B-alarm 3 Laser bias 4 Laser temperature
6,4,1 BER: AIS & A-alarm

BER: AIS & A-alarm 0 Display 1 E-3 2 E-4
This menu is used for selecting the bit error rate at which the AIS will be connected in the place of the signal and A-alarm be given. (Factory set ting E-3). Option 0 displays the set threshold value. By options 1 and 2 the desired value (E-3 or E-4) can be set.
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6,4,2 BER: B-alarm

BER: B-alarm 0 Display 1 E-5 2 E-6
The bit error rate at which B-alarm will be given is selected. (Trans mission bit rate 2 M: factory setting E-5; transmission bit rate 8 M: fac tory setting E-6). Option 0 displays the set threshold value. By options 1 and 2 the desired value (E-5 or E-6) can be set. 6,4,3 Laser bias Sets a threshold for the laser transmitter bias current alarm or the alarm is set out of use. (Factory setting 50 %).
Laser bias current: 0 Display 1 Modify
The terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser or LED trans mitter do not feature the bias current alarm. They respond to this item with the text: Not for low-power laser or Not for LED If the bias current alarm has been set out of use, the answer will be: Bias alarm not in use Option 0 displays the set threshold value. Example: Threshold for bias alarm: 50 % By option 1 the desired threshold value (20...200 %) can be set or the alarm can be set out of use by entering 0:
Give current increase in %: 20...200 for alarm 0: alarm not in use
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The alarm threshold is set by giving the permissible percentual increase for the calibrated initial bias current value. Therefore the proper func tioning of the alarm requires, that the laser bias has been calibrated. If calibration has not been performed, the answer will be: Laser bias not calibrated Example: If the initial bias current value is 20 mA and the threshold is set to 100 %, a laser bias current alarm is given when the bias current exceeds 40 mA. If the bias current alarm threshold exceeds the maximum value for the bias current, the answer will be: Max. bias current for alarm exceeded This fault condition may also be caused by incorrect calibration of the bias current. 6,4,4 Laser temperature Sets a threshold for the laser transmitter temperature alarm or the alarm is set out of use. (Factory setting 40 _C).
Laser temperature: 0 Display 1 Modify
The terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser or LED trans mitter do not feature the temperature alarm. They respond to this item with the text: Not for low-power laser or Not for LED If the laser temperature alarm has been set out of use, the answer will be: Temperature alarm not in use Option 0 displays the set threshold. Example: Laser temp. threshold: 40 Celsius By option 1 the desired threshold value (35...45 _C) can be set or the alarm can be set out of use by entering 0:
Give thresh. in Celsius: 35...45 for alarm 0: alarm not in use
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6,5 Calibrations
Calibrations: 1 +5 V calibration 3 +12 V calibration 4 -12 V calibration 5 Laser bias calibration 7 Rec. opt. power cal. 1 8 Rec. opt. power cal. 2 9 Laser power cal.
Calibration settings are only required in connection with equipment repair. The settings are protected so that their use requires the connec tion of strapping HWP in the terminal repeater. If the strapping has not been connected and an attempt is made to change these settings, the answer will be: Not available in normal use Through options 1...4 calibration values are set by means of which the accuracy of the voltage measurement is improved. They reveal the text:
Give measured supply voltage in mV (without sign):
Through options 5...9 values related to optical quantities are calibrated. Optical measurement equipment is needed in order to perform these calibrations. Specific instructions are in DF 2-8 Repair Handbook.
DF 2-8 Page 27
6,6 Safety mode The operating mode of the automatic cut-off and restart of the laser transmitter in case the incoming optical signal is missing is selected. (Fac tory setting Laser cut-off not in use).
Safety mode: 0 Display 1 Laser cut-off not in use 2 Laser automatic restart 3 Laser manual restart
Option 0 displays the set operating mode. Through options 1...3 the desired operating mode in case the incoming optical signal is missing is set:
h h
option 1 option 2
the laser transmitter is not cut off the laser transmitter is cut off but it restarts automatically in approximately ten-second intervals until the received optical signal is detected the laser transmitter is cut off and it can be restarted only manually. When restarting the laser manually, the laser transmitter at either end of the system must be started by selecting the Laser Manual Restart (5,4,4).
option 3
The terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter do not feature these safety mode settings. They respond to the above items with the text: Not for LED
6,7 Default settings

Default settings: 1 Set default settings
Sets the default setting (factory setting) to all other setting options except Baud rate, Address, Calibrations, Transmitter type, Transmission bit rate and Code table. It also resets the EEPROM correction counter (see 9,7 EEPROM-test).
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Measurements
Measurements: 1 Supply voltages 2 Optical components 3 BER
Measurements performed by the equipment itself.
7,1 Supply voltages

Supply voltages: 1 +5V 3 +12V 4 -12V ( 5 NMS-answer) ( 7 NMS-answer) ( 8 NMS-answer)
The answer to option 1 (e.g.): Voltage meas. (+5V): +5.0V +5.0 V is the measured voltage value. The answer to option 3 (e.g.): Voltage meas. (+12V) +12.0V: The answer to option 4 (e.g.): Voltage meas. (-12V): -12.0V In the answers the voltage values are given to one decimal places. The NMS-answers are numeric answers for the network management system (NMS). Here the NMS-answers are the above-mentioned volt age values as floating point numbers (option 5: +5 V, option 7: +12 V, option 8: -12 V).
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7,2 Optical components

Optical components: 1 Laser bias 2 Laser temperature 3 Rec. optical power 4 Laser power
Option 1 displays the measured laser transmitter bias current value and also the initial value in the case of all the other terminal repeaters pro vided with a laser transmitter except for those equipped with a lowpower laser transmitter. Example: Laser bias: initial value: 32 mA now: 38 mA If the laser bias current has not been calibrated, the answer will be: Laser bias not calibrated The terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter do not feature the bias current measurement. They respond to this item with the text: Not for LED Option 2 displays the measured laser transmitter temperature. Examples: Laser temperature: 25 Celsius Laser temperature: > 50 Celsius The terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser or LED trans mitter do not feature the temperature measurement. They respond to this item with the text: Not for low-power laser or Not for LED Option 3 displays the measured value of the received optical power. The response is displayed with 1 dB resolution. Example: Rec. optical power: -32 dBm
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If the received optical power has not been calibrated, the answer will be: Rec. opt. power not calibrated Option 4 displays the measured value of the laser transmitter output power. The response is displayed with 0.5 dB resolution. Examples: Laser power: -3.0 dBm Laser power: < -6.0 dBm If the output power has not been calibrated, the answer will be: Laser power not calibrated The terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter do not feature the ouput power measurement. They respond to this item with the text: Not for LED
7,3 BER Displays the measured bit error rate. Measurement time is one second. Examples of the answers: BER(1 sec): 0.0E+0 BER(1 sec): 1.8E-6 BER(1 sec): > 5.9E-2 BER(1 sec): 5.0E-7 BER(1 sec): > 1.6E-2 Sync. loss in last second No signal in last second (min., 2 M transmission bit rate) (max., 2 M transmission bit rate) (min., 8 M transmission bit rate) (max., 8 M transmission bit rate)
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Statistics
Statistics: 1 Signal quality 2 Error counters
Statistics and counters maintained by the equipment itself.
8,1 Signal quality

Signal quality: 0 Display signal quality 1 Reset statistics (2 NMS-answer)
The answer to option 0 is the entire statistics. An example of the statistics: Signal quality: Total time: 0dd 16hh 10mm 45ss Available time: 0dd 16hh 10mm 4ss Errored seconds: 76 BER>E-3 seconds: 6 Degraded minutes: 12 S(unav)/S(tot): 0.071% M(degr)/M(ava): 1.24% S(sev)/S(ava): 0.010% S(err)/S(ava): 0.131% Option 1 resets the statistics and restarts the compilation. Option 2, NMS-answer gives the values of the statistics counters as float ing point numbers. With a network management system (NMS) the desired statistics can be calculated based on these numbers. The numbers given are: total time, available time, errored seconds, BER>E-3 sec onds and degraded minutes. All the times are in seconds.
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8,2 Error counters

Error counters: 1 Reset error counters 2 Display CPU-reset counter 3 Display rec. opt. bit errors 4 Display rec. opt. fr-al. losses
Option 1 resets the counters and restarts the counting. Other options give as an answer the number of the events detected during measurement. Option 2 displays the number of processor resets. If the answer is >255, the counter is full. Option 3 displays the cumulative sum of bit errors detected in the received optical signal. If the answer is >65535, the counter is full. Option 4 displays the number of frame alignment losses detected in the received optical signal. If the answer is >255, the counter is full. 9 Testing
Testing: 2 Signal path test 3 EEPROM write 4 Memory display 5 EPROM-test 6 RAM-test 7 EEPROM-test 8 Scrambler function 9 Signal tests
Contains the tests performed by the equipment itself and the facility to write into the EEPROM memory. 9,2 Signal path test Test for checking the condition of the internal signal paths of the equip ment. Before running the test, the main channel interface and the optical interface have to be looped by means of external cables.
Signal path test: External loops needed 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Test configuration ON 3 Display test result
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Option 0 displays whether the equipment is in normal state or test state. Answers: Normal state or Test state Option 1 returns the equipment from test state into normal state. If the test is not interrupted by this command, it will be on for the time defined under the item Settings/Control timeout. Option 2 starts the test. However, the test will not start up if the laser transmitter is force-controlled off (see 5,4,3). The answer obtained will be: Laser forced OFF Option 3 displays the test result. Answers: Passed or Failed If the answer to the test is Failed, the equipment is faulty and it should be replaced by a functioning one. The result can only be read while the test is running (9,2,2). Otherwise this item will respond: Test not ON
9,3 EEPROM write Through this item data can be written into the EEPROM memory of the equipment. The function is used in storing the initial calibration values of the laser transmitter into the memory of the new processor in connection with possible processor replacement. As this function is only required in connection with equipment repair, it is protected so that its use requires the connection of strapping HWP in the terminal repeater. If the strapping has not been connected and an attempt is made to use this function, the answer will be: Not available in normal use After the option 9,3 has been selected, the equipment prompts for the address of the storage location:
Give address: (0...125)
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When the address has been given, the equipment prompts for the value to be stored into the storage location:
Give value: (0...255)
A sheet including the address data and stored initial values is delivered together with each equipment.
9,4 Memory display

Give memory address:
Displays the contents of the given address and seven subsequent addresses.
9,5 EPROM-test Displays the result of the continuously running program memory test (EPROM) at that moment. The answer can be: OK or EPROM failed
9,6 RAM-test Displays the result of the continuously running read-write memory test at that moment. The answer can be: OK or Int. RAM failed or Ext. RAM failed or Int. and Ext. RAMs failed
DF 2-8 Page 35
9,7 EEPROM-test The data on settings and identifications are stored in three copies in the EEPROM. The program continuously compares these copies of data and if one deviates from the others, it is automatically corrected to be the same as the others. The corrections are counted by a special counter and if the number exceeds 10000, the answer of the test will be: Too many corrections in EEPROM If the correction does not succeed, i.e. the data will not remain in storage, the answer of the test will be: EEPROM failed If the correction succeeds, the answer will be: OK
9,8 Scrambler function The scrambler can be controlled ON or OFF. These functions are only required in connection with equipment repair. The functions are pro tected so that their use requires the connection of the strapping HWP in the terminal repeater. If the strapping is not connected, the answer will be: Not available in normal use
Scrambler function: 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Scrambler OFF
Option 0 displays whether the scrambler is switched ON, i.e. in normal state, or switched OFF. Answers: ON or OFF By option 1 the scrambler can be returned to normal state (ON) and by option 2 it can be switched OFF.
DF 2-8 Page 36
9,9 Signal tests The optical interface and the main channel interface can separately be tested by test data 0 and test data 1. These functions are only required in connection with equipment repair. The functions are protected so that their use requires the connection of the strapping HWP of the terminal repeater. If the strapping is not connected, the answer will be: Not available in normal use
Signal tests: 1 To normal state 2 Opt. interface test ON 3 MAIN interface test ON 4 Test data = 0 5 Test data = 1 6 Display test result
Option 1 returns the equipment from the test state to the normal state. Option 2 starts the test at the optical interface and option 3 at the main channel interface. However, the test at the optical interface (9,9,2) will not start up if the laser transmitter is force-controlled off (see 5,4,3). The answer obtained will be: Laser forced OFF By options 4 and 5 either 0 or 1 is set as test data. Option 6 displays the test result. Answers: Passed (test data=0) or Passed (test data=1) or Failed (test data=0) or Failed (test data=1) The result can only be read while the test is running (9,9,2 or 9,9,3). Otherwise this item will respond: Test not ON
DF 2-8 Page 37
10
User privileges
User privileges: 1 Password for privileges 2 PIN for privileges 3 Cancel privileges 4 Setting parameters
10,1 Password for privileges When the password is known and one wishes to change protected func tions, the password can be given here whereupon the protection is removed for the set period of time. The equipment prompts:
Give password: 1...7 char
Write e.g.: pass123 <RET>
10,2 PIN for privileges When the PIN signal is used for removing the protection, the pin PIN of the terminal repeater front connector P1 has to be grounded. Connect the PIN to ground momentarily when the equipment prompts:
Ground local PIN
This method can always be used even though also a password were in use (or if it has been forgotten).
10,3 Cancel privileges The privileges are in effect during the entire monitoring time if they are not cancelled with this command, for example, when maintenance is fin ished.
DF 2-8 Page 38
10,4 Setting parameters

Setting parameters: 1 Timeout 2 Protections 3 Password
The settings of the protection parameters. These settings are permanent.
10,4,1 Timeout The privileges obtained with the password or PIN signal are in effect for the set monitoring time. The time can be selected to be between 1...1000 min. (Factory setting 10 min).
Timeout: 0 Display 1...1000 min
The answer to option 0 is the figure 1...1000.
10,4,2 Protections The protection state of the equipment can be set. (Factory setting No protections).
Protections: 0 Display 1 No protections 2 Password required 3 Local PIN required
10,4,2,1 No protections This option removes the protections in which case no password or PIN signal connection is required for making controls and settings.
DF 2-8 Page 39
10,4,2,2 Password required This option causes that the next time when a connection is established to the equipment the password has to be known or PIN signal has to be used if one wishes to change settings or make controls. The option requires that a password has been set for the equipment, see 10,4,3.
10,4,2,3 Local PIN required If this option has been selected, the settings and controls cannot be changed with any other means except by connecting PIN to ground (see 10,2).
10,4,3 Password Here a password can be set which has to be known later if one wishes to change the settings or controls. The equipment prompts:
Give password: 1...7 char
Write here e.g.: pass123 <RET>
11
Miscellaneous In the DF 2-8 this item contains nothing. The answer is: Nothing here.

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2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Operating Handbook 18.1.

DF 2-8 II Page I (II)

DF 2-8 2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT

DF200-0449-SEC3 DF200-0450-SEB2 DF200-0451-SEB2

Number (DF200-0448-PEE2) C33052001PE_00

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Operating Handbook 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II Page II (II)

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 1

DF 2-8 2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT

TRANSMISSION MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . 32 (32)

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 2

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 3

Optical Line Equipment DF 2-8, terminal repeater

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 4

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 5

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 6

SERVICE TERMINAL CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO OBJECT EQUIPMENT

SERVICE INTERFACES CONNECTED INTO A BUS B U S

SERVICE BUSES CONNECTED INTO A NETWORK

Connecting possibilities for the Service Terminal

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 7

WALL MOUNTING SHELF

MOUNTING FRAME (INSTALLATION INTO A 19" OR NOKIA M80 RACK)

Installation alternatives for equipment cartridges (TM4 Construction Practice)

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 8

Environment - temperature - humidity 1)

Optical Line Equipment DF 2-8, technical specifications

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 9

EQUIPMENT OPERATION Blocks and their functions

Line terminal block IM

Block name and functions

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 10

INTERFACES Main channel interface MAINI (2 M/8 M, G.703)

BLOCKS Service and data interfaces

Optical interface OI (G.651, G.652)

Power supply and rack alarm interfaces

Terminal repeater DF 2-8; block diagram and interfaces

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 11

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 12

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 13

DF 2-8 TERMINAL REPEATERS

TA 21510 TA 21511 TA 21513 TA 21515 TA 21516 TA 21517 TA 21518

Service and data interfaces

Main channel interface, unbalanced

GND, ground GND, ground -

Main channel interface, balanced

Terminal repeater DF 2-8, interfaces

2 and 8 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description 18.1.1994

DF 2-8 II/1 Page 14

Optical interface OIN