De-Escalation Techniques

The CPI Crisis Development Model

Crisis Development Behavior Levels Anxiety Defensive Acting Out Person (AOP) Tension Reduction Definitions:

Staff Attitudes/Approaches Supportive Directive Non violent Physical Crisis Intervention Therapeutic Rapport

1. Anxiety: A noticeable increase or change in behavior, e.g. pacing, finger drumming, wringing of hands, staring. Supportive: An empathetic non-judgmental approach attempting to alleviate anxiety. 2. Defensive: The beginning stage of loss of rationality, belligerent behavior, challenging authority. Directive: Staff takes control by setting limits (offer possibility first) 3. Acting Out Person: Total loss of control often results in a physical acting out episode. Nonviolent Physical Crisis Intervention: SAFE, non-harmful control and restraint technique used to control individual until he can regain control of his behavior. This technique should only be sued as a last resort when an individual presents a danger to himself or others. 4. Tension Reduction: Loss of physical and emotional energy which occurs after a person has acted out, regaining rationality Therapeutic Rapport: An attempt to re-establish communication.

Verbal Intervention
THE CPI Verbal Escalation Continuum
3. Defensive Release

4.

Intimidation

2.

Refusal

5.

Tension Reduction

1.

Questioning

1. Questioning: A. Information seeking rational questions seeing a rationale response B. Challenging questions students trying to draw you into a power struggle Interventions: A. Answer question give information B. Redirect and stick to topic ignore questions, but not the person 2. Refusal: Non-compliance slight loss of rationality Intervention: Set limits, state positive first, frame situation for them 3. Release: Venting, screaming, yelling Intervention: Let individual vent, isolate situation if possible 4. Intimidation: Individual is verbally or non-verbally threatening in some manner Intervention: 1. take it seriously; 2. get help if possible; 3. document 5. Tension Reduction: Regaining rationality, drop in physicial and emotionally Intervention: Therapeutic rapport establishment of trust

Keys to Setting Limits

Keep it simple always offer choices stand with positive Keep it reasonable fair and appropriate Enforceable make sure you can do it - Timing give them time - What motivates individual - Consistency

Verbal Intervention Tips and Techniques

DO Remain calm Isolate situation Enforce limits Be aware of non-verbal and para verbals Be consistent LISTEN DONT Threaten Dont over react Dont get into power struggle Dont make false promises Dont use jargon

Empathic Listening
Definition: An active process to discern what a person is saying. 1 2 3 4 5 Non-judgmental Undivided attention Focus on feelings and facts Use restatement to clarify statements and messages Allow silence for reflection

Precipitating Factors, Rational Detachment, Integrated Experience

Precipitating Factors All the things that students bring to school that influence behavior internal or external influences behavior (slow triggers) Rational Detachment Albility to stay in control of our own behaviors and not take acting out behaviors personally (Q-TIP Quit Taking It Personally) 1 Control your own response 2 Maintain a professional attitude 3 Find a positive outlet for negative energy Integrated Experience Behaviors and attitudes of staff impact behaviors and attitudes of students

Staff Fear and Anxiety

Unproductive 1. Freezing 2. Over-react 3. Act in appropriately Productive 1. Increase in speeds and strength (adrenaline) 2. Decrease in reaction time 3. Increase in sensory activity

CPIS Personal Safety Techniques

Strikes Needle Spit Kick Punch Definitions Strike: Weapon coming in contact with a target Principals of Personal Safety Strike: 1. Grab: 1. Gain psychological advantage - Remain calm - Have a plan - Have an element of surprise 2. Gain psychological advantage - Identify weak point in grab - Gain leverage - Get momentum Grab: attempt to control or destroy a part of ones anatomy Grabs Choke Hair pulling Bites Wrist pulls

Block weapon

2.

Move target

From Nonviolent Crisis Intervention Training Program (Workbook), Crisis Prevention Institute, Inc., Pages 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12