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The study of kinetics not only explains the speed of the reaction but
also describes the condition, which affects the rate of reaction.
In these reactions, only ions are involved and no bonds are broken.
Therefore these are fast.
There are some reactions, which are extremely slow e.g. rusting of
iron. However there are some reactions, which occur, in a measurable
time and their rates can be measured easily in the lab e.g.
In this case one mole of A combines with one mole of B and forms 2 moles of C.
It means that the rate of disappearance of A and B are the same but rate of
appearance of C must be twice the rate of disappearance of A and B. Thus,
To get unique value of the reaction rate, we divide the rate of reaction
defined with any of the reactants or products by the stoichiometric
coefficients of that reactant or product involved in that reaction.
For example, for the decomposition of gaseous nitrogen pentaoxide (N2O5) as:
1)
Similarly, for the reaction:
For a gaseous reaction at constant temperature, concentration is
directly proportional to the partial pressure of a species and hence
rate can also be expressed as the rate of change in partial pressure of
reactants or products.
The rate expression given so far gives the average rate of reaction
over the time interval (∆t), which can be expressed as
Rate = dx/dt
1)
2)
3)
In the above graph distance OA along the ordinates gives the change
in concentration. (dx) while the distance along the abscissa OB gives
the corresponding change in time (dt).
The ratio OA/OB ordx/dt gives the slope of the tangent Thus,