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The main afferent connections of the hypothalamus are with the limbic
system and midbrain tegmentum.
EFFERENT CONNECTIONS
1. Ventral pathways Connects lateral hypothalamus with
amygdaloid nucleus
2. Stria terminalis Connects ventromedial nucleus with
amygdaloid nucleus
3. Medial forebrain bundle Connects lateral hypothalamus with
septal nuclei
4. Mammillo-thalamic tract Arises from the medial mammillary
nucleus, passes to anterior thalamic
nucleus and finally end in the
cingulate gyrus.
5. Mammilotegmental tract Connects hypothaalmus with
reticular formation of midbrain
6. Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract Arises from supraoptic and
paraventricular nuclei and runs to the
posterior pituitary
FUNCTIONS
6. Control of ANS
Hypothalamus is called head ganglion of the ANS
I. Stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus causes parasympathetic
response.
II. Stimulation of lateral areas of the hypothalamus causes
sympathetic response.
III. Stimulation of mid-dorsal area of the hypothalamus causes
cholinergic sympathetic vasodilation.
MECHANISM
The Satiety Center is the primary center that controls food intake.
It inhibits the feeding center.
The feeding center is chronically active and is inhibited after
ingestion of food by the satiety center.
The cells of the ventromedial nuclei function as glucoreceptors.
They sense the glucose in the blood. Therefore, if the cells are
adequately supplied with glucose ,their activity is decreased.
Blood Volume
Baroreceptors
5. Function of hypothalamus is
a) Regulation of body posture
b) Regulation of activities of anterior pituitary gland
c) Regulation of posterior pituitary hormones
d) Control thirst
e) All of the above
6. True of hypothalamus are all except
a) Increase in plasma osmolality stimulates osmoreceptors
b) Increase in plasma osmolality stimulates baroreceptors
c) Satiety centre control food intake
d) Feeding centre is activated by ingestion of food