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Conceptual Identifications Chapter 13 Indigenous (pg 290)- native; produced, growing, or living, naturally in a country or climate; not exotic; not imported. Context: Indigenous cultural influences, particularly those linked to Shinto views of the natural and supernatural world, remained central to Japanese cultural development. Significance: Despite the heavy Chinese influence, the Japanese still held onto some of their own native customs. Themes: cultural-belief in natural world; social- distinct group Warrior class/code (pg294)- A warrior is a person skilled in combat or warfare, especially within the context of a tribal or clan-based society that recognizes a separate warrior class. Context: These trends proved critical to the emergence of a warrior class, a characteristically fierce member of which is depicted in Figure 13.3. A warrior code developed that stressed family honor and death rather than retreat or defeat. Significance: Relatively similar to that of the lord-vassal system, the warrior class of Japan was distinct in their practice of seppuku, disembowelment. Themes: Social- division; political- military; cultural-seppuku-tradition Tribute system (pg 303) - A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. Context: The Koreans regular attendance on the Chinese emperors was a key sign of their prominent and enduring participation in the Chinese tribute system. Significance: Chinese influenced continued to spread into Korea and impact many other places. Themes: cultural- Chinese influence; Economic- money flowed into China; Social- relations between the Silla monarchs and China. Mercantile expeditions (pg 304) - characteristic of merchants, trading, wholesale, retail; characteristic of trade, commercial, industrial Context: In addition, some backed mercantile expeditions and even engaged extensively in money-lending. Significance: The Korean elite class was attracted to luxury goods. The Koryo collapsed after the common people were tired of being repressed. Theme: social- tension between classes; economic- exhaustion of resources Grassroots (pg 307) - general public, common people; rural or agricultural part of a country; people who live in these areas; source or origin; foundation Context: They also became much more fervently attached at the grassroots level to Buddhism, and they developed art and literature, especially poetry, that was refined and distinct from that of the Chinese. Significance: Despite the dominance of China, the Vietnamese managed to preserve most of the features of their societies. Their customs and beliefs differed very significantly from Chinese. Themes: cultural- influence from Buddhism; social-common/public people