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2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Preface
The first edition of the Steel Heat Treatment Handbook was initially released in 1997. The objective of that book was to provide the reader with well-referenced information on the subjects covered with sufficient depth and breadth to serve as either an advanced undergraduate or graduate level text on heat treatment or as a continuing handbook reference for the designer or practicing engineer. However, since the initial release of the first edition of the Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, there have been various advancements in the field that needed to be addressed to assure up-to-date coverage of the topic. This text, Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies, is part of a revision of the earlier text. Some of the chapters in this text are updated revisions of the earlier book and others are completely new chapters or revisions. These chapters include: Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 1. Steel Nomenclature (Revision) 2. Classification and Mechanisms of Steel Transformations (New Chapter) 3. Fundamental Concepts in Steel Heat Treatment (Minor Revisions) 4. Effects of Alloying Elements on the Heat Treatment of Steel (Minor Revisions) 5. Hardenability (Minor Revisions) 6. Steel Heat Treatment (Minor Revisions) 7. Heat Treatment with Gaseous Atmospheres (Revision) 8. Nitriding Techniques, Ferritic Nitrocarburizing, and Austenitic Nitrocarburizing Techniques and Methods (Revision) Chapter 9. Quenching and Quenching Technology (Revision) Chapter 10. Distortion of Heat-Treated Components (New Chapter) Chapter 11. Tool Steels (New Chapter) Chapter 12. Stainless Steel Heat Treatment (New Chapter) Chapter 13. Heat Treatment of Powder Metallurgy Steel Components (New Chapter) Approximately a third of the book is new and a third of the book is significantly revised versus the first edition of the Steel Heat Treatment Handbook. This new text is current with respect to heat treatment technology at this point at the beginning of the 21st century and is considerably broader in coverage but with the same depth and thoroughness that characterized the first edition. Unfortunately, my close friend, colleague and mentor, Dr. Maurice A.H. Howes, who helped to bring the first edition of Steel Heat Treatment Handbook into fruition was unable to assist in the preparation of this second edition. However, I have endeavored to keep the same consistency and rigor of coverage as well as be true to the original vision that we had for this text as a way of serving the heat treatment industry so that this book will be a value resource to the reader in the future. George E. Totten, Ph.D., FASM Portland State University Portland, Oregon

2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Editor
George E. Totten, Ph.D. is president of G.E. Totten & Associates, LLC in Seattle, Washington and a visiting professor of materials science at Portland State University. He is coeditor of a number of books including Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, Handbook of Aluminum, Handbook of Hydraulic Fluid Technology, Mechanical Tribology, and Surface Modification and Mechanisms (all titles of CRC Press), as well as the author or coauthor of over 400 technical papers, patents, and books on lubrication, hydraulics, and thermal processing. He is a Fellow of ASM International, SAE International, and the International Federation for Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering (IFHTSE), and a member of other professional organizations including ACS, ASME, and ASTM. He formerly served as president of IFHTSE. He earned B.S. and M.S. degrees from Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, New Jersey and a Ph.D. degree from New York University, New York.

2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Contributors
S.S. Babu Edison Welding Institute Columbus, Ohio Elhachmi Essadiqi CANMET, Materials Technology Laboratory Ottawa, ON, Canada Johann Grosch Institut fuer Werkstofftechnik Technische Universitaet Berlin, Germany Bozidar Liscic Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture University of Zabreb Zabreb, Croatia Guoquan Liu Beijing University of Science and Technology Beijing, China Michiharu Narazaki Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya, Japan Arnold R. Ness Bradley University Peoria, Illinois Joseph W. Newkirk University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri Angelo Fernando Padilha University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil Ronald Lesley Plaut University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil David Pye Pye Metallurgical Consulting, Inc. Meadville, Pennsylvania Paulo Rangel Rios Fluminense Federal University V. Redonda, Brazil Anil Kumar Sinha AKS Associates Fort Wayne, Indiana Anton Stich Technical University of Munich Munich, Germany Alexey V. Sverdlin Bradley University Peoria, Illinois Hans M. Tensi Technical University of Munich Munich, Germany Sanjay N. Thakur Hazen Powder Parts, LLC Hazen, Arkansas George E. Totten Portland State University Portland, Oregon Chengjian Wu Beijing University of Science and Technology Beijing, China

2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Contents
Chapter 1 Steel Nomenclature Anil Kumar Sinha, Chengjian Wu, and Guoquan Liu Chapter 2 S.S. Babu Chapter 3 Fundamental Concepts in Steel Heat Treatment Classification and Mechanisms of Steel Transformation

Alexey V. Sverdlin and Arnold R. Ness Chapter 4 Effects of Alloying Elements on the Heat Treatment of Steel

Alexey V. Sverdlin and Arnold R. Ness Chapter 5 Hardenability

Bozidar Liscic Chapter 6 Steel Heat Treatment

Bozidar Liscic Chapter 7 Heat Treatment with Gaseous Atmospheres

Johann Grosch Chapter 8 David Pye Chapter 9 Quenching and Quenching Technology Nitriding Techniques, Ferritic Nitrocarburizing, and Austenitic Nitrocarburizing Techniques and Methods

Hans M. Tensi, Anton Stich, and George E. Totten Chapter 10 Distortion of Heat-Treated Components

Michiharu Narazaki and George E. Totten Chapter 11 Tool Steels

Elhachmi Essadiqi Chapter 12 Stainless Steel Heat Treatment

Angelo Fernando Padilha, Ronald Lesley Plaut, and Paulo Rangel Rios

2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Chapter 13

Heat Treatment of Powder Metallurgy Steel Components

Joseph W. Newkirk and Sanjay N. Thakur Appendices Appendix 1 Common Conversion Constants Appendix 2 Temperature Conversion Table Appendix 3 Volume Conversion Table Appendix 4 Hardness Conversion Tables: Hardened Steel and Hard Alloys Appendix 5 Recommended MIL 6875 Specification Steel Heat Treatment Conditions Appendix 6 Colors of Hardening and Tempering Heats Appendix 7 Weight Tables for Steel Bars

2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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