B

Trainer’s Notes: Writing
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
Task 6.2
Present each answer in Task 6.1 in a complete sentence.
Examples:
1. The bar chart shows the results of a survey for learning languages.
2. Two thousand students took part in the survey.
3. The students were from a university in Australia.
Use the sentences to write a continuous text.
Example:
The bar chart shows the results of a survey on the reasons for learning languages among 2000
native and non-native speakers of English at a university in Australia.
( Accept any possible responses)
Points to Ponder
1. How do the questions help in the understanding of the graph?
2. Are the answers to these questions sufficient to understand the
graph ?What else will you need to understand the graph?
NB. Link the answers to the questions in a coherent manner to form paragraphs. This will
describe the trends and movements seen in the graph.
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WORDS, WORDS and MORE WORDS
Task 7
Aims: • To understand visual information presented in graphs

• To interpret illustrations and be able to describe the trends in
graphs correctly
• To rearrange these descriptions so that the essay is cohesive and
coherent
Organisation: Individual
Time: 20 minutes
Procedure
• Ask CPs to attempt the task individually.

• Ask CPs to rearrange the jumbled words and phrases underlined so that the essay reads
coherently.
• Ask CPs to provide synonyms for highlighted words in the text.
• Set a time limit.
• Discuss answers.
Task 7
Hours spent on activities by different age groups in Someland
Activity Teens 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s +
Age
Watching 1,200 700 400 500 600 700 1,100
TV/videos
Socialising with 150 150 300 250 250 200 200
4 or less people
Socialising with 350 350 50 50 25 25 25
4 or more people
Doing individual 150 100 200 200 50 75 150
exercise
Doing group 450 350 200 150 50 0 0
exercise/spot
Watching movies in 100 75 50 25 25 50 75
cinemas
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7.1 Partially Jumbled Texts
In the model answer below, seven (7) parts of the text have been jumbled. Put the words in the
right order and write them out in the blanks provided below.
The table shows how (1) different groups people age in spend their leisure time in
Someland over the course of a year. It can be clearly seen that the (2) amount available of varies
leisure time considerably across the age groups and that (3) levels people ways of different age
different have very of spending their leisure time. According to the figures, as people age in
Someland their social lives decline. (4) Teenagers twenties and people socialising in their on
average 500 hours per spend year on and 350 hours of that time is with a group of more than 4
people. Although the total hours of socialising by people in their 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is fairly
constant (between 300-350), socialising with more than 4 people drops dramatically to 50 hours
in the 30s and 40s age groups and to only 25 hours for 50 year olds. Group and individual task
follow a similar pattern.
(5) People spend of time all ages their a good part of leisure on entertainment such as
TV/video viewing and cinema. In both cases, teenagers and retired people spend around twice as
much time as those who are of working age. Home entertainment ranges from just over a
thousand hours for teenagers and retired people and an average of 600 hours for everyone else.
(6) Cinema hours for 100 of the teenagers’ accounts leisure time and 25-50 hours for retired
people and the rest.
In conclusion we can see there is a (7) significant activities towards solitary and smaller
group trend as people grow older and that teenagers and retired people spend a lot more time on
entertainment than those of working age do.
Answers:
1. people in different age groups
2. amount of available leisure time varies
3. different age levels have very different ways
4. Teenagers and people in their twenties spend 500 hours per year on socialising
5. People of all ages spend a good part of their leisure time
6. Cinema accounts for 100 hours of the teenagers’ leisure time
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7. significant trend towards solitary and smaller group activities
Task 7.2
Synonyms
Find the following words in text 7.1. What other words or phrases can replace them?
11. shows 22. considerably

33. According to 44. fairly
55. dramatically 66. similar
77. cases 88. ranges
99. an average 1010. in conclusion
Suggested answers:
exhibits
shows depicts
displays
considerably substantially
According Based on
fairly moderately
reasonably
dramatically
severely
similar related
same
cases
occurrences
incidents
ranges
varies
Points to Ponder
1. Why is it important
An average A mean
to use a variety of
words/synonyms when
In conclusion Finally describing graphs,
charts and tables?
Lastly
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STEP BY STEP
Task 8
Aim: • To help course participants understand visual information

presented in graphs,
• To interpret illustrations and be able to describe the trends in
graphs correctly,
• To provide suitable reasons why the trends/changes of the
readings are such, and
• To write a complete report based on the findings.
Time: 40 minutes
Procedure
• Ask CPs to read and understand the table on television viewing among different age
groups and to provide several logical reasons for the trends observed.
• Ask CPs to complete the report based on the findings as suggested in the task.
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Task 8
Read and understand the information in the table on television viewing according to age and
location of city or town. Answer the following questions and give reasons why you think the
trends are as reported.
Average hours/week of television viewing by age and by towns in 2005
Population Profile 2 years 3 to 12 to 19 20 to 34 35 years
and 11 years years years and
below above
Town
Johor Bharu 22.7 18.9 12.3 21.3 26.8
Malacca 20.0 14.5 12.3 19.8 23.5
Petaling Jaya 23.8 14.3 13.7 22.9 29.2
Georgetown 23.7 14.7 12.6 23.2 28.4
Kuala Lumpur 23.3 14.3 13.5 22.4 28.5
Kuantan 20.6 13.5 13.2 20.1 24.7
Kota Bharu 22.1 15.5 13.0 22.0 26.4
Kota Kinabalu 21.2 15.2 12.7 20.5 25.7
Kuching 19.4 14.1 12.4 18.2 23.9
Labuan 20.7 14.4 11.7 21.5 23.4
1. Which town has the lowest total average hours per week of television viewing? Kuching
2. Which town has the highest total average hours per week of television viewing? Petaling
Jaya
3. Which age group spends the most time viewing television? 35 years and above
Points to Ponder
Do you think you can write a report now?
Possible Responses:
(i) Adults watch more television than children

(ii) Children between the ages of 3 to 11 years watch more television than those in the
12 to 19 years.
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Write a report on the above findings for the distribution of viewing hours in the towns mentioned.
Step A
Understand the requirements of the task, i.e.
a) Write a report.
b) Describe distribution of viewing hours.
Step B
Summarise topic, introduce data.
Write a suitable introduction:
The graph shows the number of television viewing hours of different age groups in
different towns.
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
Step C
Plan the body – state the main points and state other important and relevant points.
Write the body of your report.
Paragraph 1: Which town has the lowest viewing hours of television?
Paragraph 2: Which town has the highest viewing hours of television?
Paragraph 3: Compare the different viewing hours in the different locations.
Step D
Plan the conclusion.
Restate main ideas developed in body paragraphs.
In general, it can be seen that viewing hours are highest in the larger cities of Malaysia and
adults above 35 years of age enjoy television more than any other age groups …
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IT’S ALL UP TO YOU
Tasks 9 – 11
Aim: • To provide several stimuli for the preparation of various activities

for classroom teaching
Organisation: Individual, pair or group work
Procedure
• Ask CPs to work in groups of not more than 5 persons.
• Get CPs to devise activities that will help students to write reports based on stimuli.
Task 9
Read and understand the information in the table, pie chart and text below.
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Lead-in Questions:
1. What does the table show?
2. Which age group is most affected by mental problems?
3. What is the percentage?
4. Which age group is least affected by mental problems?
6. What does the chart show?
7. How many factors are there affecting mental?
8. Which is the biggest contributing factor that affects mental health?
10. Which factor comes after death of husband or wife?
11. Which factor comes after unemployment?
12. Which factor comes after illiteracy?
13. Which is the least important factor affecting mental health?
14. Which factor probably affects senior citizens the most?
15. Which factor will most likely affect adolescents?
16. Which factor will most likely affect adult men?
Based on the information derived from answering the questions above, write a report on Mental
Health for your community newsletter. In your report, include factors affecting mental health.
Your report should not be less than 150 words.
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Task 10
Using the information given above, write an article on the sales of vehicles in Indonesia,
Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand, to be published in the consumer association
newsletter. Your article should not be less than 150 words.
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Task 11
The pie charts give a profile of the Internet users of Guland. Using the information given in the
charts and text box, write an article entitled A Profile of Guland’s Internet Users.
Your article should not be less than 150 words.
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WHAT IS WRITING TO YOU?
Task 1
Aim: To find out how teachers perceive the teaching and learning of
academic writing in the classroom
Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Writing
Opinion Poll
• Ask CPs to read and reflect on questions in the poll sheet.

• Get them to make choices based on a reflection of their own teaching practices and beliefs.
What do you think about writing?
What do you think would help students most to improve their writing? Tick your answer.
Would Would Would Would

help help help not
most a lot a little help
1. Improving vocabulary
2. Learning how to write a paragraph
3. Having the teacher mark all mistakes
4. Improving handwriting
5. Word processing on the computer
6. Learning to type
7. Having more time to write
8. Having more opportunities to practice writing
9. Improving spelling
10. Understanding punctuation
11. Understanding grammar
12. Learning how to organise ideas
13. Reading more
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2. What do you think is most important to a reader? Tick your answer
Most Very Not

Important
important Important important
1. The Topic
2. Ideas
3. The words
4 Neatness
4. Spelling
5. The length of the essay
6. Coherence
4. I think that good writers ______________________________________

(Tick the appropriate column).
Yes No
1. are good spellers.
2. do not feel anxious about or intimidated by writing.
3. understand punctuation.
4. always use the right words.
5. need help with their writing.
6. may have problems getting started.
7. have very large vocabularies.
8. are well educated.
9. achieved good grades in writing when they were in school.
10. write from personal experience.
11. need to be alone in order to write.
12. took to writing naturally.
13. are usually women; most men don’t write well.
14. get it right the first time (don’t have to re-write).
15. are able to know how to find their mistakes and correct them.
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MIND YOUR LANGUAGE

Task 2
Aim: To make course participants aware of the different levels of formality in

writing.
Organisation: Individual or in pairs.
Time: 10 minutes.
• Give CPs Task sheet 2.

• Ask CPsto read the various structures.
• Encourage CPs to decide on the degree of formality necessary for good writing.
• Get CPs to discuss the various responses.
Tick in the correct column.

Formal Neutral Informal
A Hi ! 
B I would be extremely grateful if you could please ... 
C I’m afraid I need to tell you ... 
D Nevertheless….   
E He descended from the train at the subsequent station 
F To sum up…. 
G c. u.
H Could you please .... 
I Her grandmother was unable to accompany her. 
J Her grandmother couldn’t go with her.  
K I look forward to hearing from you. 
L My essay is all about ... 
M The sort of stuff people believe these days is rubbish. 
N So, what have I been saying basically? 
O I would like to turn now to the next point in my argument. 
P In this essay I am going to outline ... 
Q You’ve no idea how angry I am. 
R It is with considerable regret that I express my displeasure at … 
S Unfortunately, I am rather angry ... 
T Send me a new form, will you? 
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Formality in Writing – Notes
1. Language characteristics of different degrees of formality
Formal language tends to
A use long words

B use complex grammar
C use precise and specific vocabulary
D use long sentences
E be distant in style
Neutral (semi-formal) language tends to
A use clear and simple language

B be direct
C be polite
Informal language tends to
A use colloquial expressions

B show emotions
C use contracted words
D use imprecise vocabulary (e.g. stuff, things, do)
E treat the reader/listener casually
F use simple grammar
BRING OUT THOSE IDEAS
Task 3: Brainstorming and Planning
Aim: To give CPs practice in brainstorming and planning for academic

writing.
Organisation: In groups and individually.
Time: 20 minutes.
• Get CPs to listen/discuss structure of essay. (See notes below)

• Give CPs an example of Question 2 for practice.
• Instruct CPs to work in groups to analyse the question, identifying exactly what they
need to write.
• Encourage CPs to note down one idea for each part of this topic (Part 1 = reasons,
part 2 = examples).
• Ask CPs to use different methods in planning – tables, mind maps etc.
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Families are not as close as they used to be. Do you agree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
experience.
Structure of writing
Different kinds of writing follow different conventions for the order in which they structure
information (for example, introduction → body → conclusion in essays).
Structure is also given to a piece of writing through the use of paragraphs, topic sentences and
signalling phrases.
We use paragraphs to signal that we, the writer, are moving on to a new point or new type of
information. Paragraphs help the reader to understand our message because they show that one
point has ended and another is just beginning. It is also much easier to read small chunks of text
than long, continuous ones.
Topic sentences contain the theme of the paragraph. They make the theme of the paragraph clear
to the reader and so help to give the text coherence. The rest of the paragraph is usually
elaboration and/or exemplification of the theme.
Signalling phrases are phrases we include in our writing (and speaking) to signal to the reader
what we are going to talk about next e.g. I’d now like to discuss the advantages ... ; my second
argument against this statement is ... ; finally I would like to ... They are used particularly in
longer and more formal kinds of writing.
Reasons Examples Suggestions Examples

Education
Employment
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HELLO...
Task 4:
Aim: To give course participants practice in writing introductory paragraphs.

Organisation: In groups of four.
Time: 10 minutes.
Writing the Introduction
The introduction to an essay will include information given in the essay question. A good
introduction lets the reader know what the exact topic for discussion is and may also give the
reader an idea of the personal views of the writer. It may help to read and discuss the question
carefully then cover up the question while the students write. As a group, ask the students to agree
on the best way to introduce their ideas. If they work in a group, they will focus more on the
process of writing the introduction than if they were working alone.
• Ask CPs to read following notes and explanation and discuss how to write good
introductions.
• Encourage CPs to attempt writing introductory paragraphs, paying particular attention to the
construction of a thesis statement.
How to write a good introduction:

Let us look at some more essay questions to see how to restate the question and how to write your
thesis statement.
Question 1:
Some people prefer to eat at food stalls or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food
at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Restatement & Thesis:

People have two options when deciding where to eat. They can prepare meals and eat at home or
they can go out to stands or restaurants. I prefer to go out to eat because the food is more varied
and interesting, it is less work for me and it saves time.
Analysis:
The restatement mentions the two types of options people have for eating and tells which one the
author prefers. In addition, it gives three reasons for that preference. These three reasons will
make up the three main idea paragraphs in the body of the essay.
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Question 2:
Is it better for children to participate in team sports or individual sports? Why? Use specific
reasons and examples to support your answer.

It is better for children to participate in team sports rather than individual sports. In team sports,
children learn how to cooperate. They learn good sportsmanship and how to rely on their team-
mates. These are important lessons that will benefit children throughout their lives.
Analysis:
The first sentence clearly states the author’s opinion. This is followed by three reasons for the
opinion. Finally, the author mentions life lessons. In the essay, the three reasons will make up the
three main idea paragraphs in the body of the essay. In addition, the author will mention how each
main idea is useful throughout life.
Question 3:
Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would
you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

There are many good reasons to live in a big city and an equal number of good reasons to live in a
small town. I, myself, prefer to live in a small town because it is more personal and homey; it is
easier to get around in and it is safer than a big city.
Analysis:
The first statement says that both a city and town have positive aspects. The next sentence tells
the author’s preference and reasons for that preference. These reasons will make up the body of
the essay.
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Write introductory paragraphs for the following situations.
1. Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat
food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Is it better for children to participate in team sports or individual sports? Why? Use specific
reasons and examples to support your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place
would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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SO, WHERE IS IT GOING TO BE?
Task 5: Topic Sentences
Aim: To help CPs understand the function of topic sentences in academic

writing.
Organisation: Pairs.
Time: 10 minutes.
• We use paragraphs to signal that we, the writer, are moving on to a new point or new type of
information. Paragraphs help the reader to understand our message because they show that
one point has ended and another is just beginning. It is also much easier to read small chunks
of text than long, continuous ones.
• Topic sentences contain the theme of the paragraph. They usually but not always occur at the
beginning of a paragraph. They make the theme of the paragraph very clear to the reader and
so help to give the text coherence. The rest of the paragraph is usually elaboration and/or
exemplification of the theme.
Answer Key:
The care of old people is an issue all over the world, as it is no longer clear who has the
responsibility for looking after old people. There are two main choices: the government or the
family.
If the government pays for the care of old people this usually means that the old people go
into old people’s homes. In these all people are given equal and high quality care. Countries
such as Sweden operate this system very efficiently.
The problem is that this solution is very expensive. The money comes from tax and many
countries simply can’t afford it. It also often means that old people go into homes where they
know no one and have nothing to do.
The alternative is for families to support their elderly relatives. In theory this provides
loving care and means the old person can be an active member of the family. In practice, it often
does not work out, as families don’t have enough money, and so, much bitterness is created, and
the old people are neglected. I can see this happening all around me in my country where there is
no government support for old people.
It is clear that neither of these solutions is good. Therefore, it seems to me that a combination
of the two is the best solution. The government should provide money to families to look after
their elderly relatives. But I also think that old people should save up money during their
working lives to look after themselves in old age.
Points to Ponder
1. Why do you write topic sentences?
2. Where will you place the topic sentences in a paragraph?
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PUTTING IT TOGETHER
Task 6:
Aim: To help CPs understand how academic writing is structured.

Time: 30 minutes.
Structuring Academic Writing
• Highlight information in the box provided on the task sheet and allow CPs to discuss.
• Have CPs carry out task in groups.
• CPs to compare and discuss answers.
• Discuss with CPs another essay structure with a new topic.
Structuring Academic Writing - Answers
1
The care of old people is an issue all over the world as it is no longer clear who has the
responsibility for looking after old people. There are two main choices: the government or the
family.
2A
If the government pays for the care of old people this usually means that the elderly go into
old people’s homes. In these homes, everyone is given equal and high quality care. Countries
such as Sweden operate this system very efficiently.
2B
The problem is that this solution is very expensive. The money comes from tax and many
countries simply cannot afford it. It also often means that old people go into homes where
they know no one and have nothing to do.
2C
The alternative is for families to support their elderly relatives. In theory, this provides loving
care and means the old person can be an active member of the family.
2D
In practice, it often does not work out, as families do not have enough money, and so, much
bitterness is created, and the old people are neglected. I can see this happening all around me
in my country where there is minimal government support for the elderly.
3
It is clear that neither of these solutions is good. Therefore, it seems to me that a combination
of the two is the best solution. The government should provide money to families to look
after their elderly relatives. But I also think that people should save up money during their
working lives to look after themselves in old age.
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Structures for second topic:
Some people believe that children’s leisure activities must be educational; otherwise they are a
complete waste of time. Do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your experience.
1. Introduction
General statement about the topic
2. Body
A. First argument agreeing with topic (+ supporting evidence)

B. First argument disagreeing with topic and refuting 2A
(+ supporting evidence)
C. Second argument agreeing with topic (+ supporting evidence)
D. Second argument disagreeing with topic and refuting 2C (+ supporting evidence)
E. Etc. with further arguments 3.

Conclusion giving writer’s final opinion based on above arguments
NB. There may be fewer arguments in favour than against or vice versa. This does not
matter. The number of arguments on both sides does not need to be equally
balanced.
Another possible structure for this kind of essay would be:
1. Introduction
General statement about the topic
2. Body
A. First argument agreeing with topic (+ supporting evidence)

B. Second argument agreeing with topic (+ supporting evidence)
C. Third argument agreeing with topic (+ supporting evidence)
D. Etc. for further arguments in agreement
E. First argument disagreeing with topic (+ supporting evidence)
F. Second argument disagreeing with topic (+ supporting evidence)
E. Etc. with further arguments in disagreement
3. Conclusion giving writer’s final opinion based on above arguments
WRITE RIGHT!
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Task 7
Aim: To help CPs write good essays.
Time: 60 minutes.
• Give the CPs the following writing tasks (Tasks A, B and C) to do in

pairs/groups/individually.
• You may wish to set a time limit.
• Participants are to practise writing an essay using the templates provided below.
• Elicit responses from the participants on the various formats, writing points etc.
Writing Task A
Sample Essay Outline:
Question: In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you
think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details.
Suggested Notes:
I. It is a good idea for teenagers to have jobs while they are students because they can learn
about responsibility; they can learn the value of money and they can learn how to work as a
member of a team.
II. Students can learn responsibility.

a. They have to come to work on time every day.
b. They must serve customers in a friendly manner.
c. They have to maintain the items on the store shelves with an inventory.
III. Students can learn the value of money.

a. Students will learn that it takes a lot of time and effort to make money.
b. Students will make wiser choices when buying things with their own money.
IV. Students will learn how to work as a member of a team.

a. Students will learn how to compromise with other employees (helping out when someone is
sick, etc.).
b. Students will learn about the friendship that comes from teamwork (feeling like you can trust
others).
V. Conclusion
It is a valuable experience for teenagers to have jobs while they are students because they will
learn to be responsible adults. They will have an appreciation for money and they will learn about
working with others. All of these traits will benefit them throughout their lives.
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Writing Task B
Write an essay for the following topic using the format provided.
"Education should be free for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
statement?"
Outline for an Academic Essay
I. Introduction
A. Introductory statement
B. Thesis statement: ____________________
II. Body
A. First Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence):
____________________
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
B. Second Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence):

____________________
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
C. Third Supporting Idea (Topic Sentence):

____________________
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
III. Conclusion
A. Closing statement
B. Restate thesis: ____________________
Writing Task C
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Write an essay on the following statement. Justify.
Modern technology is transforming the way we work. Do you agree?
It is particularly important in Question 2 to display clear thinking and organisation. You should:
• have a clear introduction telling the reader briefly what areas you are going to cover.
• make it clear which side of an argument you are presenting. Use clear linking
expressions such as 'On the one hand ... On the other hand' and make sure you do not mix
two sides of an argument in the same paragraph.
• give examples clearly. Choose good examples which illustrate your argument when you
take notes, and when you write, introduce them with phrases such as 'We can see an
example of this ...'.
• make it clear when you are giving your own opinion. Use expressions such as 'in my
view'.
• give a clear conclusion which relates your argument back to the original question/s and
summarises your opinion.
• make sure that your English is accurate.
• ensure that you write in an appropriate style, and that your grammar and spelling are
correct.
Reference
1. M.K. Tickoo, English Language Learning and Teaching.
2.Materials adapted from www.ielts.org.uk.
MUET 800/4
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Trainer’s Notes: Writing

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

Use the sentences to write a continuous text.

( Accept any possible responses)

WORDS, WORDS and MORE WORDS

Aims: • To understand visual information presented in graphs

• Ask CPs to attempt the task individually.

7.1 Partially Jumbled Texts

7. significant trend towards solitary and smaller group activities

11. shows 22. considerably

Aim: • To help course participants understand visual information

(i) Adults watch more television than children

Write a suitable introduction:

Write the body of your report.

Paragraph 1: Which town has the lowest viewing hours of television?

Paragraph 2: Which town has the highest viewing hours of television?

Paragraph 3: Compare the different viewing hours in the different locations.

IT’S ALL UP TO YOU

Aim: • To provide several stimuli for the preparation of various activities

Organisation: Individual, pair or group work

• Ask CPs to work in groups of not more than 5 persons.

1. What does the table show?

2. Which age group is most affected by mental problems?

3. What is the percentage?

4. Which age group is least affected by mental problems?

5. What is the percentage?

6. What does the chart show?

7. How many factors are there affecting mental?

8. Which is the biggest contributing factor that affects mental health?

9. What is the percentage?

10. Which factor comes after death of husband or wife?

11. Which factor comes after unemployment?

12. Which factor comes after illiteracy?

13. Which is the least important factor affecting mental health?

14. Which factor probably affects senior citizens the most?

15. Which factor will most likely affect adolescents?

16. Which factor will most likely affect adult men?

WHAT IS WRITING TO YOU?

• Ask CPs to read and reflect on questions in the poll sheet.

What do you think about writing?

Would Would Would Would

2. Learning how to write a paragraph

3. Having the teacher mark all mistakes

5. Word processing on the computer

7. Having more time to write

8. Having more opportunities to practice writing

10. Understanding punctuation

11. Understanding grammar

12. Learning how to organise ideas

13. Reading more

2. What do you think is most important to a reader? Tick your answer

Most Very Not

5. The length of the essay

4. I think that good writers ______________________________________

MIND YOUR LANGUAGE

Aim: To make course participants aware of the different levels of formality in

• Give CPs Task sheet 2.

Tick in the correct column.

Formality in Writing – Notes

1. Language characteristics of different degrees of formality

Formal language tends to

A use long words