World History Pre-AP – Duez

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Chapter 14 “Absolutism” Crisis and Absolutism in Europe, 1550–1715
Time: 2 Weeks
Big Ideas and Questions:
1. How does the Protestant Reformation lead to religious wars and
“absolute” rulers?
2. What was so “Glorious” about the Glorious Revolution.
3. Explain how Locke and Hobbes have influenced political thought and
governments (Democracy, Dictatorships, Socialism, and Communism).
Student-Friendly Learning Target Statements
• Out of the wars of the sixteenth century, absolutist rulers emerged in many parts of
Section 1 Europe, while England laid the groundwork for a constitutional monarchy. Art, literature,
Europe in Crisis: The and political thought were heavily influenced by changes in the wake of the Reformation.
Wars of Religion
• Wars between Catholics and Protestants plagued sixteenth-century Europe. Economic,
social, and political forces all played a role. For nearly 40 years, the French Wars of
Religion pitted Catholics against Protestant Huguenots.
• Catholic Spain appeared to be at the height of its power. However, Philip II was
bankrupting Spain with costly wars. Meanwhile, the United Provinces of the Netherlands,
a heavily Protestant region of the Spanish Empire, emerged as a great power in its own
right.
Absolutism Militant Inflation
Cavaliers Roundheads Puritans
Armada Edict of Nantes Divine Right of Kings
Huguenots Car Glorious Revolution
• The English monarch, Elizabeth, sought to placate both Protestants and Catholics at
Section 2 home while balancing the power of France and Spain. Hoping to restore Catholicism to
Social Crises, War, power, Philip tried to invade England and met with disastrous results.
and Revolution
• From 1560 to 1650, Europe was filled with economic and social crises. Witch-hunts were
common. Religious disputes in Germany left over from the Peace of Augsburg led to the
Thirty Years' War. The war evolved into a much larger European struggle.
Louis XIV Henry of Navarre Elizabeth Tudor
William & Mary Jean-Baptiste Colbert James II
William the Silent Cardinal Richelieu Peter the Great
Peace of Westphalia
• Charles I of England was executed by Oliver Cromwell, a military genius who led a revolt
Section 3 against the crown. The English Revolution was the latest battle in a struggle pitting
Response to Crisis: Parliament against the monarchy.
Absolutism
• In 1688, King James II fled to France and the Dutch king, William of Orange, took power
with almost no bloodshed. In exchange for the crown, William and his wife, Mary,
accepted a Bill of Rights, laying the groundwork for a constitutional monarchy.
• The French king, Louis XIV, is regarded as the best example of a seventeenth century
absolutist ruler. Louis used all means at his disposal to keep power firmly in his own
hands.
Witchcraft Commonwealth Philip II
James I Charles I Oliver Cromwell
Thomas Hobbes John Locke
• Writing and drama reached new heights in England and Spain. Two writers from this
period, England's Shakespeare and Spain's Lope de Vega, are considered among the
greatest writers ever.
• Political thought also evolved during this period. Thomas Hobbes argued in favor of
absolutism. Hobbes's fellow Englishman, John Locke, countered that governments were
formed by a contract to protect people's natural rights. Locke's ideas became important
to both Americans and French in the eighteenth century.
• We will do a philosophical chairs debate in class – Who was right
Hobbes or Locke?
Questions are due on Friday, Feb. 11th Vocabulary Quiz on Wednesday & Thurs Feb
1. Reading Check p. 430 16 & 17
2. #6 page 432
3. #7 p. 432 Test is Tuesday, Feb. 22nd
4. #3 p. 433
5. Reading Check p. 436
6. #6 p. 439
7. Reading Check p. 445
8. #6 p. 447
9. #5 p. 451
10. Reading Check p. 451