PE424UCR/HWM

Dr. Guru

Feb. 06, 2006

Half-wave rectifier feeding a DC Motor

This section, let us determine the operation of a dc motor fed by a half-wave rectifier. The motor has been operating for a long time so that it has obtained its stead-state. Let us assume that in its steady-state operation, the motor's speed is nearly constant. When the flux created by the field winding is held constant or it is a permanent-magnet motor, the induced emf (or back emf) in the motor is constant. The equivalent circuit of the motor operating from a 120-V (rms), 60 Hz supply is given below. The diode is assumed as ideal.

Motor's parameters: AC Source: where Motor's impedance:

4 .

10 .mH

Ea

50 .V

v s ( t ) Vm .sin ( t ) .V Vm z Z R z arg ( z ) 170 .V j . .L Z = 5.497 = 0.756 rad or = 43.304 deg and 377 rad/s

The diode begins conduction only when the the input voltage goes above the back emf of the motor. The conduction begins when asin Ea Vm = 0.299 rad or = 17.105 deg

When D is on, the differential equation is L. di ( t ) dt R .i ( t ) Ea Vm .sin ( t )

PE424UCR/HWM

Dr. Guru

Feb. 06, 2006

Expected solution:

i( t)

Vm . Z .

sin ( t

Ea R

K .e

tan

where

tan

L R

tan = 0.943 Ea = 12.5 A R

Vm = 30.928 A Z

The constant of integration K is determined by applying the initial condition:

i( ) 0

=>

e tan .

Ea R

Vm . sin ( Z

K = 35.902 A

The extinction angle is obtained by setting the current to zero. To do so, let us first guess its value as

Using the root function, we obtain the extinction angle as

Vm . root sin ( Z

Ea R

K .e tan ,

= 3.512 rad Let us sketch the waveforms: Input (source) voltage: t

= 201.206 deg 0 , 0.01 .. 2 . Vm .sin ( t ) .V

v s ( t ) v o ( t )

Output voltage:

if t , v s ( t ) , Ea
t

Current in the motor:

i ( t )

Vm . sin ( t Z

Ea R

K .e tan

PE424UCR/HWM

Dr. Guru

Feb. 06, 2006

Current through the diode:

i D ( t )

if ( t , i ( t ) , 0 )

200 150 100 v o ( t ) v s( t ) 50 0 50 100 150 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180200 220 240 260280 300 320 340 360 180 t .

30 27 24 21 18 i D( t ) 15 12 9 6 3 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 180 t .

Theoretical analysis:

= 17.105 deg = 0.299 rad i( a ) d a

= 201.206 deg = 3.512 rad

DC current through motor:

I odc

1 . 2 .

I odc = 6.379 A

DC Power supplied to the motor:

P odc

I odc .Ea

P odc = 318.928 W

PE424UCR/HWM

Dr. Guru

Feb. 06, 2006

Effective current through motor:

I orms

1 . 2 .

i( a ) d a
2

I orms = 10.339 A

Average power dissipated by R:

PR

I orms2 .R

P R = 427.599 W

Total power supplied to the motor: P oT

PR

P odc

P oT = 746.527 W

Apparent power input:

S input

Vm . 2

I orms

S input = 1.243 kVA

Power factor:

pf

P oT S input V 1 1

pf = 0.601

rad 1

W 1 VA 1

A 1

mH 0.001

kVA 1000