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a v
o
a ( )
2
d =
Upon Integration, we get V
orms
V
m
2
:= V
orms
85V =
Guru/PE424UCR/HWRLD 3 April 12, 2006
The average value of the output voltage is
V
odc
1
2
0
a V
m
sin a ( )
d =
Upon integration, we get V
odc
V
m
:= V
odc
54.113V =
Hence, the dc component of the current through the load is
I
odc
V
odc
R
:= I
odc
5.411A =
The dc power output: P
odc
V
odc
I
odc
:= P
odc
292.818W =
Let us now obtain the first 15 Fourier series of the output voltage: n 1 15 .. :=
a
n
1
a v
o
a ( ) cos n a ( )
d :=
Upon integration, we obtain a
n
0 = For odd values of n
and a
n
2
V
m
n
2
1
( )
=
b
n
1
a v
o
a ( ) sin n a ( )
d :=
Upon integration, we get b
1
V
m
2
= for n = 1
and b
n
0 = For all other values of n.
Guru/PE424UCR/HWRLD 4 April 12, 2006
The Fourier series components in the complex form, using cosine as a reference, are
Cm
n
a
n
j b
n
:=
Load impedance for the nth Harmonic:
Z
n
R j n L + :=
n
arg Z
n
( )
180
:=
Hence, the current due to each harmonic component is
I
n
Cm
n
Z
n
:=
n
arg I
n
( )
180
:=
Tabulated below are the amplitudes of the 15 harmonics the corresponding impedances and
currents in the RL circuit whith a freewheeling diode.
n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
= a
n
0
-36.075
0
-7.215
0
-3.092
0
-1.718
0
-1.093
0
-0.757
0
-0.555
0
= b
n
85
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
= Z
n
39.003
76.058
113.539
151.128
188.761
226.416
264.083
301.759
339.439
377.124
414.811
452.5
490.19
527.882
565.575
=
n
75.144
82.445
84.947
86.206
86.963
87.469
87.83
88.101
88.312
88.481
88.619
88.734
88.831
88.915
88.987
= I
n
2.179
0.474
0
0.048
0
0.014
0
0.006
0
0.003
0
0.002
0
0.001
0
=
n
-165.144
97.555
77.023
93.794
-84.344
92.531
94.328
91.899
-98.935
91.519
-30.959
91.266
108.675
91.085
88.907
=
There is only fundamental component of the sine term. The fundamental component of the
cosine term is zero. Therefore, in terms of maximum phasor values
Cm
1
85j V = Cm
2
36.075 V = Cm
4
7.215 V = Cm
6
3.092 V =
Cm
8
1.718 V = Cm
10
1.093 V = Cm
12
0.757 V = Cm
14
0.555 V =
Guru/PE424UCR/HWRLD 5 April 12, 2006
The rms current through the load:
I
orms
I
odc
2
1
15
n
0.5 I
n
I
n
( )
=
+ :=
I
orms
5.637A =
The total power supplied to the load is dissipated in the R:
P
oT
I
orms
2
R := P
oT
317.703W =
To determine the apparent power supplied by the source, we have to determine the source
current when the diode D is conducting and the FWD is off. This part of the analysis is already
done in "the half-wave rectifier with RL load". The only difference is that the extinction angle
is now .
At the applied frequency, the impeance of the RL circuit, the time constant, and the current
through it when D is conducting are as follows:
ZL R j L + := ZL 39.003 = :=
arg ZL ( ) := 1.312rad = 75.144deg =
t 0 0.01 , 2 .. := v t ( ) V
m
sin t ( ) :=
L
R
:=
V
rms
V
m
2
:= V
rms
120.208V =
i
s
t ( ) if 0 t
V
m
ZL
sin t ( ) sin ( ) e
t
+
|
\
|
|
, 0 ,
(
(
(
:=
Guru/PE424UCR/HWRLD 6 April 12, 2006
The sketch of the source current or the current through the diode D is shown below.
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
0
2
4
6
8
10
Source Current when D is ON
Angle (degrees)
S
o
u
r
c
e
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
A
)
The rms value of the source current is
I
rms
1
2
0
a i
s
a ( ) i
s
a ( )
d := I
rms
3.011A =
Apparent power supplied by the source:
S
input
V
rms
I
rms
:= S
input
361.994VA =
We now compute the Transformer Utilization factor, the power factor, the rectification ratio,
the form factor, the ripple factor, and the percent ripple as follows:
Transformer Utilization factor: TUF
P
odc
S
input
:= TUF 0.809 =
Power factor: pf
P
oT
S
input
:= pf 0.878 =
Rectification ratio:
P
odc
V
orms
I
orms
:= 0.611 =
Guru/PE424UCR/HWRLD 7 April 12, 2006
Form factor: FF
I
orms
I
odc
:= FF 1.042 =
Ripple factor: RF FF
2
1 := RF 0.292 =
Total Harmonic Distortion: THD
I
orms
I
1
2
|
\
|
|
|
|
2
1 := THD 3.518 =
Peak-to-peak ripple voltage: V
omax
V
m
:= V
omin
0 :=
VR V
omax
V
omin
:= VR 170V =
Percent ripple: %VR
VR 100
V
omax
:= %VR 100 =
Units: 1 Hz 1 A 1 W 1 VAR 1 H 1 V 1 VA 1
mH 0.001 kW 1000 kVA 1000