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SAs OWN GARDENING AND LANDSCAPING MAGAZINE
WINTER 2011
GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING

No shortcuts with pruning Get set for summer strawberries Cottage gardens Australian style
Jon Lamb
Edited by
South Australian
Official journal of the Nursery & Garden Industry and the Landscape Association of SA
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GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING

Edition number 2
www.gardenandoutdoorliving.com
South Australian
WINTER 2011
FEATURES 4 6
S trawberriesforChristmas? Head for your garden centre and start now C ottagegardensAussiestyle Cottage doesnt have to mean European Freshfruit A fruit tree, yes but how do you choose?
Published by Jon Lamb Communications Pty Ltd, (JLC) 31 King St, Norwood, SA 5067 Official journal of Nursery & Garden Industry of SA Inc Landscape Association of SA Inc Editor Jon Lamb (08) 8362 5417 jlcom@chariot.net.au Publishing, sub-editing, layout Steve Swann (08) 8365 0596 steveswann@internode.on.net ADVERTISING HWR Media & Communications 109b Conyngham Street, Frewville, SA 5063 (08) 8379 9522 Fax (08) 8379 9735 www.hwrmedia.com.au sales@hwrmedia.com.au DISTRIBUTION Passing Out Distribution 0416 295 755 Landscape Association of SA (LASA) Adelaide Showground, Goodwood Rd, Wayville. PO Box 108, Goodwood SA 5034 Secretariat: Rob Martin (08) 8210 5229 www.landscapesa.com.au Nursery & Garden Industry of SA (NGISA) 505 Fullarton Rd, Netherby, SA 5062 CEO: Geoffrey Fuller (08) 8372 6822 www.ngisa.com.au Disclaimer Although all reasonable care is taken in preparing information contained in this publication, neither Jon Lamb Communications (JLC), NGISA or LASA, nor their officers, staff or suppliers involved in the editing and production of this magazine accept any liability resulting from the interpretation or use of the information set out in this document. Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the publishers or editor. No responsibility is accepted by JLC, NGISA or LASA for the accuracy of information contained in advertisements in SA Garden & Outdoor Living. Publication of an advertisement does not constitute endorsement by NGISA, LASA or JLC of any product or service, or warrant its suitability.
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REGULAR COLUMNS 20 50
T astetheseasons Chef Kane Pollard makes the most of winter T hecuttingedge Trevor Nottle monitors the latest garden issues
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G oingorganic Look locally for organic gardening advice C omposting Making your own satisfying and simple P runingroses L et your bushes tell you how
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GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / WINTER 2011 3
Strawberries
Strawberry A fields forever!

Ripe red home grown strawberries for Christmas its an irresistible thought and over the next few weeks, new high yielding grow-me-now strawberry plants ready to place in the garden will appear in garden centres across the State.
Alinta with cream

4 GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / WINTER 2011
Hokowase
part from being delicious to eat, thanks to South Australias relatively mild winter and warm spring, strawberries are very easy to grow. The key is to find a position in the garden that receives at least six hours of sun. Good drainage is essential and even if the soil drains naturally, it will pay to grow your plants on a raised bed. Ready to install raised beds are ideal but simply raking good quality garden soil into a bed mounded 15 cm high and 50-60 cm wide will also work well. Before planting, take the opportunity to improve the soil. Add as much aged compost to the area as possible. If you dont have compost, buy one or two large bags of organic soil improver. Mix these thoroughly into the top 20 cm of soil along with a complete fertiliser (half a cupful to the square metre). If you want early strawberries, cover the raised bed with black plastic before planting. Make slits in the plastic for the plants that should be spaced 25 to 30 cm apart with 35 cm between rows. The plastic will absorb heat from the sun and increase soil temperatures during winter and spring. If you dont use plastic, mulch the soil lightly to reduce weed growth. A heavy mulch at this stage will block out the sun and keep the ground cool. By mid October the mulch can be thickened to help conserve moisture and at that stage
Nike Sh | Dreamstime.com
Strawberries
Explore United N urseries
the plants will grow better if they are protected from excess heat. Strawberries are 90 percent water and its important that the root system is kept both cool and moist during the growing season, particularly on hot days. Drip irrigation systems are ideal. When fruits start to form, applying half strength liquid fertiliser every fortnight will dramatically improve yields. If you dont have room for a Kamu permanent strawberry bed, try growing your plants in containers. Terracotta strawberry planters look attractive on a sunny patio and are very useful for growing strawberries. The plants can also be grown in hanging baskets located in a sunny position but make sure the root system does not dry out while the plants are flowering or producing fruit. Shading the plants during periods of extended hot weather is worth considering. Keep in mind strawberries are much prized by slugs, snails, earwigs, birds and of course, children. Protective measures will be needed if you expect to dine regularly on your prized possessions. Choose the right varieties Make sure you buy the right varieties as most of the older strawberries only produce fruit once a year (spring and early summer). Look for those labelled everbearing as they have been selected to produce in waves from spring through to the following early winter. The latest varieties have also been selected for taste and resistance to disease as well as very high yields. The following are available at most garden centres and recommended for growing in SA. Alinta Fruits nine months of the year Australian variety Large, glossy berries with a fine, sweet flavour Hokowase Sweet tasting, medium to large, wedge shaped strawberry from Japanese origins Acid free, sweet enough to be eaten before red fruit stage Produces early in the season and crops prolifically Kamu Australian variety High yielding Flavoursome, medium to large red fruit Schizam This is a recently released variety producing medium sized flavoured berries and very high yields. May not be available in all centres.
and watch your garden grow
Wherever you are, United Nurseries products can be found across the country.
From your old favourite, to our new and exclusive releases our members provide the best plants nation-wide fresh at your nearest garden centre.
united-nurseries.com.au
Available at Big W Dahlsens Growmaster Kmart Magnet Mart Mitre 10 Plants Plus Plants Australia and garden centres
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COTTAGE GARDENS Australian style

A great cottage garden doesnt have to be restricted to European plants. LINDA NIEMANN looks at some spectacular native options.
he cottage garden still rates as one of the most popular styles across the world. Originating in the Middle Ages it was a garden of the peasants, providing food, medicines and scent. During the Victorian era, the gentry romanticised the humble cottage garden and this image continues today. After a busy day the garden became a place for contemplation and relaxation amid profusions of flowers, winding paths, rock walls, small trees, water and the busy antics of birds and bees. In the Mediterranean, Africa, North and South America, Mexico and New Zealand
the cottage garden not only flourished but people began to add plants native to their own region giving it a local flavour. Australians also planted cottage gardens but at that stage did not add their local plants. The many gardens established here were planted with the same species used in Britain and Europe. Many new arrivals to Australia suffered homesickness. They planted gardens with plants they recognised to overcome this and to help them settle in. Plant information was passed on to their children and future generations. Australian plants were seen as something to be cleared
to make way for the new plants. Those who tried to grow Australian plants found they failed when they dug them from the bush. Later they were grown without care or pruning and looked on as being untidy and woody. Many gardeners now know that Australian plants can be easily grown, pruned and mixed with other plants. The same criteria such as soil type, drainage, sun and shade can be applied to Australian plants as for plants from anywhere in the world. Today we are fortunate to have access to a wide selection of Australian plants not only from other states but also those that
Native gardens
Grevillea Bronze Rambler
Heynes
Our business is growing
South Australias oldest garden centre

Specialising in quality plants since 1869
GARDEN CENTRE
Salvia
Cyclamen
Royal Cape plumbago
283-289 The Parade, Beulah Park
Ph 8332
2933
www.heyne.com.au/gardencentre
Extensive range of plants and garden products.
Photos: State Flora
Native gardens
Thryptomene baeckeacea
belong in our local area. These are suitable for many garden styles and there are many small pretties that would enhance any cottage garden. A few suggestions follow but why not visit your local nursery or a specialist Australian plant nursery and ask for Aussie plants to suit your area. You will be amazed at the variety available and their beauty. Thryptomene baeckeacea not only small and pretty with its flowers on the blue side of pink, it continues to flower throughout most of the year, only resting in summer. Prune to shape after flowering
and you will have a lovely hardy plant that is both frost and drought tolerant. You cant go past daisies in a cottage garden and Brachyscome multifida var dilitata is a small plant that will not disappoint. Especially good for edges and low walls. There are many varieties of Brachyscome with blue, pink, white or yellow flowers. Bright yellow flowers and shiny green leaves make Goodenia blackiana a must for those semi shaded, moist spots. This small plant grows naturally in the Adelaide hills and can cope with dry times but stays looking good with a drink in summer.
At 30 cm high and a spread of 3 m Grevillea Bronze Rambler is the perfect plant for covering the ground quickly, perhaps around the base of a bird bath. The large red toothbrush flowers attract the birds with offers of abundant nectar. Leaves are dark green and the new foliage is bronze. Drought and moderate frost hardy it is a must for any garden. Linda Niemann is a consultant to the SA Nursery Industry on Australian plants, former senior adviser with State Flora, a life member and a past president of the Australian Plant Society.
Brachyscome multifida var dilitata

Goodenia blackiana
Wanted: SAs best native gardens
he search is on again for South Australias most inspiring native gardens. Organised by the Sustainable Landscapes team at the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide, this awards program is designed to promote the benefits and the beauty of growing native plants around homes, schools, as well as in both government and commercial gardens. The inaugural Native Garden Awards last year attracted entries from many wonderful private and public gardens throughout the state. This year, key organisers, Merilyn Kuchel and Sheryn Pitman, are hoping the event will inspire even more people to photograph their gardens and enter them into the 2011 Awards. While our country has long enjoyed plants from exotic and faraway places, many people are now coming to appreciate and recognise our own native plants, Merilyn Kuchel says. There are about 25,000 species of plants in Australia and they are as varied as the landscape, soils and climate. While the plants that grow naturally in a place are particularly suited to its soils and microclimate, there are a multitude of plants from other parts of the country where conditions are similar and these plants will also thrive in our gardens. The plants are water-efficient and are adapted to variable rainfall, heat and sunshine. So many are colourful and fragrant and provide excellent food and shelter for native mammals, birds, butterflies, lizards and frogs. Many native plants also have long
flowering seasons, often from winter through spring and into early summer. When temperatures become too high and the soil dry, most plants lose their flowers to conserve water and energy. This year the Native Garden Awards will have four categories: private homes schools state or local government gardens business/industry/commercial gardens. There are also special awards for the best local indigenous garden and for the best new garden (under two years old) across all categories. To enter just take 12 photos of your garden, write a brief description and send them in using the official entry form. The closing date is August 22 with judging to take place in spring. A range of prizes include vouchers to purchase native plants from State Flora, books and nesting boxes.
Looking for inspiration? For further inspiration gardeners may like to visit the new Australian Native Garden in the south western corner of the Adelaide Botanic Garden. Designed by Kate Cullity, it is less than two years old yet already well established and very beautiful. You might also like to follow the Sustainable Landscapes Native Gardens Trail, which features 26 native plant gardens across metropolitan and regional SA and lists a further 16 gardens revegetated with local species only. Copies of the Trail map are available from the visitor centre in the Adelaide Botanic Garden or the web site.
More
information: Entry forms and guidelines are available at www.environment.sa.gov.au/ sustainablelandscapes
Baghurst, the gold award winning garden features pathways made from rock collected from the property, locally sourced mulch and plants well suited to the windswept hillside overlooking Port Elliot.
Native gardens
Natives are winter winners

Water-friendly native plants can offer a kaleidoscope of cold-season colour.
be fussy and dont be afraid to buy on the fter so many hot dry summers, small side. Native plants established in its surprising to find many standard or large containers are capable of home owners dont feature large making very vigorous leaf growth. numbers of native plants in their gardens. Within a matter of months, the roots can Experienced gardeners will certainly completely circle the inside of the container confirm the water saving ability of and you end up with root bound plants. Australian plants. Root bound plants invariably produce Once established, plants selected for your inferior trees and shrubs. Look for plants environment will not only thrive, but as that have been grown in special containers a bonus produce a kaleidoscope of colour that encourage roots to each year without grow vertically rather having to be constantly than horizontally. plied with water. Nurseries that If you are worried specialise in selling about spiralling water natives often sell small bills, make your plants in tubes or very selection from the small containers that range of plants that have large holes at the flower during the base. Once the roots cooler months of the reach the base of these year. containers, they are This is the time when exposed to air and this nature usually provides Eremophila maculata apricot has the effect of root the moisture needed pruning. to sustain an extended flowering period. However, even tube stock can become By the end of winter there should also be root bound if the plants are not potted enough moisture in the subsoil to sustain on or placed out in the garden within a vigorous spring growth. reasonable period. Check carefully before While growth can be maintained by you buy. watering during summer, most plants will The key to establishing native plants is to not object if you keep them on the dry side achieve good weed control before you start. as thats the way they would grow naturally Clear the ground for at least a metre in the bush. around the planting hole. In the garden, In contrast, roses, hibiscus and other this can be achieved by hoeing or in summer flowering plants must be watered large areas by spraying the ground with a regularly if they are to reach their full weedicide such as glyphosate a week or so flowering potential. before planting out. Late winter and early spring when the soil If the subsoil is heavy or contains stones, is moist and temperatures are starting to it is worthwhile cracking the area loose rise is an excellent time to establish native with a mattock or crowbar. Heavy clay plants in the garden. soils should be improved by incorporating It is also an ideal time to plant them into compost and gypsum (half a kilogram to a containers. square metre). However, when selecting your plants,
Photo: State Flora
STATE FLORA
For SAs largest range of native plants in tubes and also advanced plants Belair Nursery Ph: 82787777 Located in Belair National Park Open 7 days Monday Friday 9am 5pm Weekends & public holidays 10am- 5pm
Murray Bridge Nursery Ph: 85392105 Bremer Road Open Monday Friday 8am-4.30pm Sundays 10am 4pm
www.stateflora.com.au
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Iceland poppies in cheerful yellow, oranges, pinks and whites
Warm colours for cold winters

Photo: Cammeraydave | Dreamstime.com
Winter need not be a dull time in the garden. KATHY ERREY explores some colourful options.
nce the roses drop their leaves, the salvias finish flowering and the stunning autumn leaves have fallen, the garden can be spared that bare look. Simply add plants with warm foliage tones, cheerful flowers, colourful fruits and contrasting bark. Mosaics and murals
and decorative pots are another way to introduce permanent colour to the garden in winter. Cumquats (Fortunella japonica) are not only useful as a food plant, they have lush green foliage providing a great backdrop for masses of brilliant orange small fruits that last through winter.
Cumquats can be planted singly in a warm, sunny position in a decorative pot or used as a hedging plant to provide privacy from neighbours and hide unsightly fences or walls. Coprosmas (Coprosma sp.) are another valuable hedging plant. Fireburst and Tequila Sunrise produce fiery red foliage
Cordyline Midnight Star

Echeveria Black Prince
Good gardening
intensifying in the cooler months and are worth considering. In a larger garden free of frost, the flame vine (Pyrostegia venusta) is a climbing plant often seen in Adelaide suburbs covering ugly corrugated iron fences. From autumn, through winter to spring, it produces masses of brilliant orange tubular flowers which completely cover its evergreen foliage. It needs a warm, sunny position and protection from frost. The large broad leaves of Cordyline Midnight Star add dark chocolate coloured tonings to the garden providing a more subtle comforting look, while its relative Coral has bright peachy foliage edged with brown. The flowers of the Euyrops daisy (Euryops pectinatus), French lavender (Lavandula dentata), rosemary varieties including both blues and pinks (Rosmarinus), wallflowers (Erysimum), Euphorbia Wulfenii, Echeveria
Cumquat
A simple mural is a convenient source of colour
Black Prince, Winter rose (Helleborus orientalis) and the perfumed white flowering Daphne odora Alba all make a colourful display in winter. If youd like to try something new, Nandina domestica Flirt is the latest variety of this hardy plant.
Flirt is a striking low growing plant with intense red foliage over the winter months. As it grows to only 40 cm x 40 cm, it is useful for a low hedge or as an eye-catching feature plant in a decorative pot. Daffodils and jonquils are very colourful low maintenance plants growing from bulbs that pop up and surprise year after year. So many different varieties are available in a range of whites, yellows, creams and oranges and, in planting a variety, youre able to stagger the flowering to last for months. Hyacinths are another bulb with highly fragrant flowers in pink, blue and white in winter, although the bulbs are not as hardy as daffodils and jonquils and are
Good gardening
Pansies (above) and Euphorbia Wulfenii (inset)
best planted in pots. Pansies are an old fashioned favourite available in single and bi-coloured varieties. For a very small pot, dwarf cultivars are available. Pansy Tumbles (Viola x wittrockiana) is a new trailing pansy. Iceland poppies (Papaver nudicaule) add cheer to the garden in colourful yellow,
oranges, pinks and whites. For a brilliant blue flower, plant Cinerarias (Pericallis x hybrid). When planning the garden, place your winter colour in spots that can be viewed from inside the warmth of your house or maybe as you enter the driveway where it can be enjoyed each time you return home
without having to go out into the cold for a look. Kathy Errey of Outdoor Canvas Plants is a passionate gardener with a lifetime experience in selecting and growing plants for SA gardens. She is a member of Horticultural Media Association (SA).
Where to find us?

Search our online database to find the most convenient place to pick up your free copy of the next edition of SA Garden & Outdoor Living
Good gardening
Local expertise a great drawcard for garden centres

hy visit your locally owned garden centre? Because nothing beats local knowledge, says the runner up in this years Nursery and Garden Industry of South Australia young leaders program, Melissa Waters. Melissa is an important part of the team at Semaphore Garden Shop and believes most gardeners welcome an opportunity to get out into their local community and talk to people about the things they enjoy, particularly plants. Local garden centres are usually accredited small owner nurseries, where you are able to speak to people like yourself about what is happening in your own backyard, Melissa says. These people live in the same area as you and face the same hurdles in and around the garden. Here at Semaphore Garden Shop, we specialise in gardening and outdoor living. We dont do toilets, kitchen sinks and everything else you can name. We stick to what we know and do best, and that is gardening. However, at the end of the day, to some people we are their sanctuary, a place to wander around. We know our customers, their projects and their children. And we do go out of our way for special orders. The Semaphore Garden Shop is situated on the Gulf, where conditions are sandy and at times quite harsh. We specialise in coastal gardens. Our team all live locally and we can help advise gardeners about soil preparation and more importantly, plant selection. We know from our own experience and just as important, from the information shared by local gardeners, what plants will thrive and which ones will not survive. This kind of advice at the start of any project will help prevent inevitable heartaches at the end.
Melissa Waters: nothing beats local knowledge
Does your property need more trees? Do you need windbreaks, want to address erosion issues, encourage wildlife back or just want to revegetate your property? Trees For Lifes Tree Scheme is designed for landholders who want to order bulk native seedlings - without it costing a fortune you can order up to 500 native seedlings (grown for you) or 1000 (grow your own) $55 materials fee for financial members is all it costs! want to know more? phone (08) 8406 0500 www.treesforlife.org.au
Indoor plant pests

Indoor heaters and air-conditioning can often have an adverse effect on pot plants. However, insects such as mealy bug thrive on the warm conditions. Small outbreaks should be controlled immediately as they multiply quickly. Methylated spirits dabbed neat onto bugs with a cotton bud will control isolated insects. Bad outbreaks will require spraying with an insecticide such as BugKill or Confidor.
Container plants add inside colour

Polyanthus and primulas are available in small containers from many nurseries. They make a bright splash of colour at this time of the year. The plants can be kept inside for up to a week in a well lit position. If you buy a number of containers, you have fresh plants to swap with those that have been inside.
Good gardening
Perennials make a comeback
ave you noticed perennials are making a comeback? These are the plants that produce great colour in cottage style gardens. Perennials also possess the remarkable ability to multiply rapidly. As such, they are quite happy to be dug regularly, divided and replanted. In reality, it means any investment you make in buying plants will be quickly repaid. A single plant can multiply and produce 10, 20 and sometimes 50 plants in a single year. However, as the original clump spreads, the centre sections tend to become woody. After two or three years in the one position, the soil also begins to run low in nutrients and this reduces the plants ability to flower. When this occurs, the clumps should be dug and divided. Before replanting, it is important to take very positive steps to rebuild both the nutrient and organic levels in the soil. Start by working into the topsoil thick layers of well made compost along with some aged cow or sheep manure. Blood and bone spread at half a cup to the square metre should also be added. Depending on the root system, the clumps should either be pulled apart, cut with secateurs or if need be a spade. Each piece should contain a number of healthy roots. The outer sections of the clumps are the most vigorous and the centre sections are best discarded. Trim any broken roots and if there is top growth, remove any damaged
Pieces in excess of your needs should be shared with your friends and neighbours. Many of the most popular perennials are available during winter from garden retail outlets. Aftercare Watch out for snails. Once new growth is established side dress with blood and bone. During early spring cover the plants roots with mulch. Deep water weekly during hot weather. More easy to grow perennials Achillea matt forming, silver foliage, white (and other) flowers in clusters, summer. Heuchera adaptable, clumping plant, interesting foliage, small daisy flowers on long stems. Geum small compact, long flowering, reds, orange and yellow, spring and summer. Gerberas excellent cut flower, sun lover, large daisy flowers, spring-autumn, many colours. Gypsophila excellent cut flower, shrubby growth, small flowers on thin stems, white and pink, summer and autumn. Coreopsis fast growing, adaptable, daisy like flowers, bright yellow, spring-autumn. Euphorbia succulent like stems with long lasting green bracts, spring and summer. Salvia many forms, long flowers in blues, mauves, reds; summer and autumn.
Gaura - worth growing

Gaura is easy to grow, hardy and quite spectacular while it flowers. The spikes reach over a metre in height, the buds are pink or white and open to produce an attractive spider-like flower. These continue to appear from early summer until late autumn.
leaves. Even if the ground is damp, the new plants should be watered to consolidate the roots in the soil. For most perennials, digging is best carried out from mid to late winter with the roots having a week or two to consolidate before establishing new growth in spring.
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Gardening Solutions
Winter
Its Winter and now is the time to start planting. From roses to ornamentals, fruit trees to berries and veggies, youll find everything you need to get your garden growing this Winter. A visit to your local Plants Plus Garden Centre makes Winter gardening easy. Plants Plus...where great ideas grow. www.plantsplus.com.au
Berri 8582 3775 Broken Hill 8087 1546 Crafers 8339 5949 Gawler 8522 3400
Golden Grove 8251 1111 Millicent 8733 4566 Mount Gambier 8725 3301 Murray Bridge 8532 1141
Naracoorte 8762 3566 Nuriootpa 8562 2288 Port Lincoln 8682 2725 Semaphore 8341 5915
is.24145
Whyalla 8645 7966 Yankalilla 8558 2461
New plants
Whats new at your garden centre

The latest new plants available from Nursery and Garden Industry SA centres High impact Voltage
A new eye-catching form of Osteospermum is now available from SA garden centres.This hardy adaptable perennial produces masses of unique clear yellow daisylike blooms over an extended period. While it has a low growing spreading habit suitable for landscaping, it also features compact, self branching flexible stems. As such, it is also ideal for large baskets and container growing. Voltage is a sun lover (6 hrs min/day), needs good drainage and should not be overwatered. Cutting the plants back in late summer will encourage blooming and help keep the plants compact. In Adelaide and the warmer districts, the plants should begin flowering in spring and continue through summer and autumn and early winter. Height 25-40 cm. Spreads 60-70 cm. For a great massed display, space plants 30-40 cm apart. www.ballaustralia.com
Petunia bumble bee

A petunia with instant eye appeal. The flowers have a black base with a distinctive yellow star blushed with dark purple/pink on the edges. The upright (20-30 cm) mounded plants are early to flower, ideal for baskets, containers and garden beds. Available in spring. www.ballaustralia.com
Flower Carpet Pink Splash

The latest addition to the Flower Carpet range. Eyecatching bi-colour flowers featuring both hot and pale pink. Low maintenance and disease resistance. Some tolerance to partial shade. www.tesselaar.com
Flavor Rouge plum

This is a great selection from a very successful cross breeding program bringing together a plum and an apricot to produce a new variety known as an interspecific plum. This is one of Flemings new F2 range of traditionally bred stone fruit trees producing very attractive red to maroon fruits with excellent flavour. Clingstone. Early season bloom. Cross pollinates with Mariposa or another early blooming plum. www.flemings.com.au
New plants
Garvinea
This is a new form of gerbera, producing numerous medium sized blooms in a range of vibrant colours over an extended period. Very high insect and disease resistance. Cold, hardy sun lover with potential to flower through winter and suited for mass planting or containers. www.jongsnursery.com
Hakea Stockdale Sensation

Produces a profusion of bright red and cream pin cushion flowers through winter. Weeping habit with dense dark green canopy of foliage. Height 2-3 m, spread 2 m. Prefers sun. Very low water requirements. www.pma.com.au
Citrus espaliered
Advanced citrus trees trellis trained as an espalier. In 30-60 cm containers. Ready to produce fruit. Designed for courtyards and small gardens. Range includes oranges, lemons, mandarins and limes. www.merrywoodplants.com.au
Petchoa
A new sun loving perennial groundcover. This is a petunia, calibrachoa cross producing an abundance of petunia sized flowers from early spring through to summer in colours including Neon Rose, Purple, Blue, Cherry, Velvet, Vanilla Blush and terracotta. www.outdoorcanvasplants.com.au
Princess Alexandra of Kent

Unusually large flowers of a warm, glowing pink. These are full-petalled and deeply cupped in shape and enclosed in a ring of outer petals of a softer pink. Fresh tea rose fragrance. Attractive well-rounded shrub. Excellent disease resistance. This rose has been selected for distribution through Plants Plus garden centres. www.plantsplus.com.au
Spring Satin Plumcot

A natural hybrid between a plum and an apricot but with a reputation for reliable production. Fruit are large and sweet with yellow to red flesh and dark plum colour skin. Matures late November/early December. High disease resistance. www.balhannahnurseries.com.au
Rhubarb and yoghurt cake served with drizzled honey and mascarpone
Crusty garlic toast with balsamic onion jam, prosciutto & feta cream
Taste the seasons

Chef KANE POLLARD weaves his magic with a couple of staples from the winter garden onions and rhubarb.
ts definitely the time to relax on the couch while the slow cooker is bubbling away or a pot of soup is simmering on the stove, growing in flavour by the minute. A self-saucing pudding and a glass of red wine will finish off a rainy day nicely. For winter, I have selected two home garden favourites, onions and rhubarb as key recipe ingredients. SA produces around 35 percent of Australias onion crop. Its the base ingredient to many of our favourite meals, bringing a tear to the eye almost every time. Onions. Thinly sliced and tossed through a fresh salad for a little bite; sauted off and stewed down to bring sweetness to a hearty stew or simmered slowly with balsamic vinegar and a rich brown sugar to produce a wonderful, long lasting condiment, onions always bring something to the table. Rhubarb. The colour, flavour and sight of rhubarb always get me excited. Often used with apple in a variety of dishes, its a foolproof winner. Theres no better feeling than gathering your first batch of rhubarb for the year, peeling those long slender stalks, staining
your hands pink in the process. Simply add a little sugar, the seeds from a vanilla pod and a teaspoon of water and cook only until tender and puree. Use to add that tarty character that so many desserts and even cocktails can lack. Crusty garlic toast with balsamic onion jam, prosciutto and feta cream Serves 4. Takes 50 minutes to prepare and cook. Ingredients To prepare onion jam 2 large brown onions cup balsamic vinegar cup brown sugar To prepare feta cream 200 g feta cheese 100 g neaufchatel or cream cheese 1 lemon (zest and juice) 1 tspn cream To serve 8 slices prosciutto
Fresh crusty loaf 1 clove garlic 100 ml olive oil Salad greens (rocket, spinach or snow pea tendrils) Herbs (basil, oregano, thyme and chervil are good options) Method To prepare onion jam, bring vinegar and brown sugar to the boil in a heavy based pot Peel and slice onions and place in the pot, stir to coat and bring back to the boil Once bubbling, drop heat to medium and cook down to a shiny jammy consistency (around 20 minutes), stirring every few minutes, set aside To prepare feta cream, blitz all ingredients until smooth, place in fridge to semi-set To serve, slice and toast your crusty loaf of choice, rub gently with a clove of garlic and drizzle heavily with a good quality olive oil Plate up your garlic toast and top with salad greens of choice, 2 slices of prosciutto, onion jam, feta cream and herbs, drizzle with olive oil.
Taste the seasons
Rhubarb and yoghurt cake served with drizzled honey and mascarpone Serves 8. Takes 50 minutes to prepare and cook. Ingredients To prepare rhubarb 6 stalks of peeled rhubarb 50 g softened butter cup brown sugar To prepare cake 150 g softened butter 1 cup caster sugar Seeds of 1 vanilla pod 3 eggs 1 cup bio-dynamic yoghurt 2 cups self-raising flour To serve (quantities are up to you!) local honey mascarpone Method Line a log tin with baking paper, brush sides and bottom with softened butter
Sprinkle a layer of brown sugar on the base and place peeled rhubarb cut to length to completely cover base Brush rhubarb with butter and sprinkle with remaining brown sugar Now for the cake mix. Simply cream together butter, vanilla and sugar until pale Add eggs one at a time, letting each one incorporate properly Add the yoghurt and mix until evenly combined Fold through self raising flour and pour onto rhubarb based log tin Bake at 160C for 40 minutes or until a poking skewer comes out clean Allow to rest in the tin for 10 minutes, remove the cake and serve warm with a drizzle of local honey and quenelle of mascarpone. Kane Pollard is the chef at Newmans Nursery Topiary Caf at North East Road, Tea Tree Gully.
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Kane Pollard with his rhubarb and yoghurt cake
information: How to grow rhubarb and onions. NEXT PAGE
Winter vegetables
Getting up close with onions
nions are a trouble-free crop well worth growing in the home garden. By close planting (7 cm x 7 cm), it is possible to grow quite large numbers in a relatively small area. However, they are slow growing. Make sure the right varieties are planted at the right time. You can start planting early varieties of white onions in April followed in June by Mild Red and White Spanish. Plant main season whites from June through to September. Hold most brown varieties until June or July with the best storing types i.e. Brown Spanish and Creamgold planted out in August and September. Onions are sun lovers but prefer cool, moist conditions as they become established, followed by warm drier conditions as they grow and mature. Add plenty of compost and some complete fertiliser with a high phosphorus content before you start and side dress with complete D once the plants are growing vigorously. Early in the season, weed control and later regular watering will be important.
Rhubarb, rhubarb!
Photo: Patrik Winbjrk | Dreamstime.com
hubarb begins life in most gardens as a crown, often obtained from a friendly neighbour. However, many garden centres have supplies during the winter months. The crowns (thick fleshy roots with a growing point or young leaves) take awhile to become established in the garden and may need protection during winter from snails and weeds. Rhubarb needs a well drained position. In fact, poorly drained soils are the main reason why rhubarb fails to thrive. While the plants are sun lovers, in SA they will benefit by shading from afternoon sun during summer. Take time to improve the soil before establishing the crowns as the plants will continue to produce without having to be disturbed for three to four years.
A handful of complete garden fertiliser to the square metre and plenty of aged compost should be worked into the topsoil and if the area does not drain naturally, consider planting the crowns in soil raised 15 to 20 cm. Later, when the plants are growing, the area around the crowns can be mulched with cow manure. Dont use poultry manure. It is too strong and will burn the roots. Let the plants develop a number of fully grown leaves before starting to harvest them. This may take four to six months. To harvest, simply pull the outer leaves from the main crown, trying not to take more than 25 percent of the stalks at one time. Keep the plants mulched and well watered in summer and autumn.
Winter vegetables
Growing winter vegetables

It might be miserable outside but there are plenty of nutritious vegies that can handle the conditions and reward your efforts.
ont turn your back on the vegetable garden just because its winter. Broad beans, peas, onions and lettuce dont really care about the ground being cold and they germinate readily from seed when planted during winter. Broccoli, cabbage and some varieties of cauliflower if established as seedlings at this time of the year will also continue to grow through the cold and the rain. For those of you willing to grow something a little different, try planting out tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke or maybe some rhubarb or asparagus crowns. The key to growing vegetables successfully through winter is to find the sunniest spot in the garden where there is little likelihood of water pooling when it rains. If the area picked out for growing vegetables gets a little muddy during winter, try growing your plants in a raised bed. Raised soil drains excessive moisture more rapidly after rain and is more easily warmed by the sun. Broad beans One of the easiest winter crops to grow. Simply plant the seeds and walk away. Sow the seeds 5 cm deep, 15 cm apart but in rows only 30 cm apart. This way they support each other as they grow. The pods can be picked when the seed is small and immature and sliced like a French bean or left to mature with the seeds only being eaten. However, over mature pods produce seed with a very strong flavour. Crops sown in late June and July are less prone to fungal diseases. Broad beans have an ability to absorb nitrogen from the air, storing it in their roots, stems and pods. Digging spent bushes into the topsoil will help improve soil quality. They are also valuable in the compost heap. Peas Peas are another easy to grow vegetable producing pods that can be eaten whole or left to produce sweet tasting seeds. Like broad beans, the plants absorb nitrogen from the air so the material left behind after harvest should be used for composting. Because peas mature over a relatively short period, its best to sow a small area often. Sowing peas in June and July should see the plants flowering after the worst of the frosts but before the hot weather sets in. Before sowing, work half a cupful of superphosphate into the topsoil. But dont apply any fertiliser containing nitrogen (including blood and bone), unless it is the first time the area has grown vegetables. Sow the seed 3 cm deep in clay soil and up to 5 cm deep in sandy soil. Leave 8-10 cm between plants and 30 cm between rows.
Photo: Vizafoto | Dreamstime.com
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How to recycle your food scraps

South Australians lead the way with recycling but there are ways we can all waste less and recycle more.
ood scraps make up around 40 percent (by weight) of household waste that is sent to landfill. Landfill is a waste compost is a resource. When food breaks down in landfill, it does so slowly and releases harmful greenhouse gases that can cause environmental damage. Compost, on the other hand, is used to make gardens more water efficient and to add rich nutrients to the soil to help farmers grow fruit and vegetables for you to eat. So what can you do? Here are four easy ways. Recycle your food scraps in your green organics bin Whyalla, Light Regional, Charles Sturt, West Torrens, Salisbury, Playford, Gawler, Port Adelaide Enfield and Prospect Council residents can now recycle their food scraps in their green organics bin. As not all Councils are yet ready to introduce food recycling, please check if your Council allows food scraps to go in your organics bin before getting started.
For more information, see your Council website. Residents in Councils which participated in Zero Waste SAs food waste recycling pilot can continue to recycle their food scraps using the bench-top system. J u s t remember to use the correct compostable bags if you are using the ventilated basket. For example: Campbelltown, Mallala, Light Regional, Whyalla, and Norwood, Payneham & St Peters Councils are continuing to provide these bags free of charge to pilot residents. Visit the Council to pick up these bags. West Torrens and Charles Sturt Councils will also provide bags and caddies as one option for residents in a new program which also offers rebates for compost bins and worm farms. Most things that once grew can be put in your green organics bin for composting. So remember, if it grows, then it goes in your green organics bin! This includes garden organics and food scraps including: lawn clippings, prunings, small branches,
twigs, leaves and weeds fruit and vegetable scraps, cake, leftover takeaway foods, bread, teabags and coffee grounds meat scraps, bones (cooked and raw), eggshells, oyster shells and seafood pizza boxes, shredded paper, tissues and paper towels cheese and yoghurt and even hair Concerned about possible odours from food scraps such as prawn and crab shells? A handy tip is to freeze scraps in the fridge until your green organics collection day. Each Council offers slightly different services to help residents participate but in all cases you can put your food scraps in your green organics bin: loose wrapped in newspaper or in a compostable bag (may be supplied by your Council). Just make sure you keep plastics and other inorganic waste out of your green organics bin. Plastic bags are not compostable - avoid them, or put them in your rubbish bin.
Recycling
Many bags today are labelled degradable; however these do not breakdown in compost. If using bags for your food scraps they must be compostable. Who does this system best suit? Anyone, from people living in units to large homes, with gardens and without. Even home composters may wish to use their green organics bin to dispose of organic waste not included in their backyard compost bin such as meat, dairy and seafood. Compost at home Why not compost at home and turn your food scraps and organic waste into compost you can use? Compost improves soil quality, reduces the need for artificial fertilisers and saves you money. There is a wide variety of ways to compost at home from open heaps to tumblers to compost bins in all sorts of colours and sizes. What matters most is that you consider the carbon, nitrogen, water and oxygen of your heap! Carbon provides the basic building block. In general, materials that are brown and woody such as bark, wood chips, sawdust, and shredded paper are high in carbon. Nitrogen provides the energy necessary for cell growth and function. In general, materials that are green and moist such as grass clippings, plant cuttings, and fruit and vegetable scraps tend to be high in nitrogen. The ideal ratio for composting is around 30 parts carbon for each part nitrogen by weight. Why 30:1? If there is too much nitrogen, it will be lost as ammonia gas, causing undesirable odours. If there is too much carbon, there will be little microbial activity and the compost will remain relatively cool and degradation will be much slower. The other essential ingredients are oxygen and water. Simply fork through your compost regularly to help it breathe and keep your heap moist but not too wet. Who does this system best suit? The avid gardener with the space for a compost bin and a hungry garden. Use a worm farm Like compost bins, there are a variety of systems you can even create your own! Just remember that worms thrive in an environment that is cool, dark and moist. Placing a damp hessian bag over the top of
Who does this system best suit? Avid gardeners who have time to care for their worms, and who may or may not have room for a compost heap. Bokashi it While compost breaks down the food and worms digest it leaving you with castings, bokashi ferments your food scraps. This composting system uses a bucket and the bokashi mix to create the ideal conditions for airtight (fermenting) composting. Place your kitchen waste into the bucket, then sprinkle a handful of bokashi mix over the waste. Repeat this layering process until the bucket is full. Drain off liquid (bokashi juice) as necessary and use as liquid fertiliser. Once the bucket is full to capacity, leave the scraps to ferment for a further two weeks; then the waste can be buried. You can put almost all your food scraps in your bokashi bucket including fruit and vegetables, cooked and uncooked foods, cheese, eggs, bread, coffee grinds, tea bags, wilted flowers and tissues. Bokashi starter kits contain all you need to get started and can be found on line or at larger hardware stores. Breakdown of the food scraps will occur after it has been dug into the soil so your fermented scraps need to be buried into the soil approximately 25 cm deep and covered with soil or added to a conventional compost bin. Who does this system suit? Avid gardeners who dont want to care for worms and dont have space for a larger compost heap but as the food scraps need to be dug into your garden, this system best suits people who regularly turn over their veggie patches or garden beds. There you have it. Four easy ways to recycle your food that will mean you are returning vital nutrients to the soil while reducing waste to landfill and harmful greenhouse gases.
the food scraps is a good way to minimise light and to keep the worms moist. When the temperature is expected to reach over 35C, put a block of ice in the worm farm to keep it cool during the day. Both compost and worm farms contain living organisms and need oxygen, moisture and a good supply to be successful. Worms are voracious eaters and like: paper, soaked and ripped cardboard such as pizza boxes fruit and vegetable (except onions, garlic and citrus) leaves crushed egg shells (these are especially good if the worm farm becomes a little acidic and therefore smelly as egg shells have a pH of 8 which helps to neutralise the acidity). droppings from herbivorous animals (horses, cattle) Worms are not that keen on meat, plants from the onion family (including garlic and shallots), citrus fruits and other acidic food such as tomatoes and pineapple. They dont like oil or fat. As worms do not have teeth, scraps should be cut into small pieces. Try not to overfeed your worms otherwise the food scraps will spoil, resulting in a smelly farm and unhappy worms. Worm castings and the worm juice are a rich source of food for plants, but it is necessary to remove the liquid.
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Orchids
Exquisite orchid worth trying

Nurseryman PETER JONG explains why the moth orchid is worthy of a prominent place in your home.
xquisite, long lasting and easy to grow sound reasons why South Australians are learning to grow Phalaenopsis, commonly known as the moth orchid. The moth orchid plant has been a top seller on the European market for the past decade, with over 100 million plants sold each year. Because it requires almost the same conditions as humans like to live in, it is an ideal indoor pot plant. Combine this with the stunning flowers of an orchid, which on a Phalaenopsis can last up to three months, and you need no further explanation to its popularity. Developing new plants and encouraging them to flower requires special growing skills and expensive growing facilities. It also takes a long time (approximately 18 months) before a plant grown from tissue culture begins to flower. However, thanks to the experience of local growers,
this year more people will be able to enjoy quality plants at an affordable price. There is a misconception that Phalaenopsis is a difficult plant to grow, suitable only for specialist growers. Without apologies, this orchid will quickly show if it is not happy and if mistreated can quickly lose its beauty. Should this stop you from trying one? I certainly dont think so. Given proper care, the Phalaenopsis will flower longer than any other plant. The key to growing a healthy plant lies in understanding that it likes mostly the same things as you and I do. The plant label says: Indoor, bright indirect light. What this means is that it likes to sit in front of the window to see what is going on outside, but not with the sun shining directly in its face. Water regularly, prevent roots from being wet prolonged, again compare this
to humans who like to take a shower every once in a while, but nobody wants to sit in a bath for the whole day. Watering once a week should be enough to keep this orchid happy. Phalaenopsis feels very comfortable round about 21C but feels cold below 16C. So when choosing a spot in your house for this plant, try to ask yourself Would I be happy sitting here? After getting that initial understanding, this is one of the easiest plants imaginable and will certainly give you a lot of love. More information is widely available on the internet, from your local garden centre and/or with one of the orchid clubs that are almost certainly active near you. Peter Jong runs Jongs Nursery at Yundi, near Mount Compass and would love to hear about your experience with Phalaenopsis and will try to answer any emails sent to Peter@jongsnursery.com
osteospermum first in bloom & last out of bloom
Soil improvement
A compulsion to compost
or many gardeners, what to do with ever mounting piles of prunings, leaves and lawn clippings that invariably accumulate over winter can pose a problem. While consigning these materials to the green waste recycling bin is an option, for many converting them into compost in your own garden is far more satisfying. Composting is simply speeding up the natural process of decay. The end result of composting is humus, black or brown fluffy organic material combined with a range of valuable plant nutrients. Compost can be spread on the ground where it acts as a valuable mulch with its nutrients being released into the topsoil. It can also be dug into the soil before planting. This way the organic matter combines with
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the soil particles acting as a soil conditioner as well as restoring plant nutrients. Compost can be made from anything organic. At this time of year, there is no shortage of weeds while leaves left over from autumn that are not needed for mulching are also invaluable. In the next month or so there will be large supplies of lawn clippings. However, an often overlooked source of compost material involves the many branches of trees and shrubs that are cut back this time of the year.The trick with branches and other bulky material is to reduce them into small pieces that are readily composted. One way to achieve this is to cut the branches with a pair of secateurs while the material is still green. The pieces should be Adding compost, either as a mulch or digging it in will work wonders in your garden. 20-30 cm long. Shredded newspaper, wood shavings and of course, animal manures can be added to the heap. In most gardens, a blend of lawn clippings, weeds and green branch clippings should give you a reasonable blend of materials. However, the process of composting can be speeded up considerably if you add animal manures or a small quantity of nitrogen fertiliser such as urea. Temperature control Compost can be made by simply making a heap of your rubbish in your garden. However, it is easier to control temperature moisture within the heap if the material is contained. Walls can be made from wire, wood or tin and the aim should be to have a heap round about one metre to one and a half metres square. There is no need to place your material into separate layers in the compost heap. The more it is pre-mixed the better. There is also no need to add lime or humus booster. The process of composting will continue regardless. If possible, try and make a full compost heap in the one operation. This may mean keeping your rubbish in small piles until you are ready. This way it is possible to mix the materials together right from the start. Within a few weeks the composting process will be well underway. To speed up the operation the heap can be turned. This helps mix the materials even further and also helps aerate the heap. If you are prepared to turn the heap every week or so, you should have good quality compost in six to eight weeks.
An espalier is a beautiful addition to any garden. It can soften a wall or be the focal point of your garden design. Merrywood hand train each espalier so it is ready for you to enjoy.
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Good gardening
Blooming trees in spring

including cherries, peaches, apricots and very garden should have at least one plums. blossom tree. But before making a The Japanese Flowering Cherry, Prunus choice, think about where the tree is serrulata has several varieties. Mount Fuji (3-4 to be planted. metres) has double white scented blossom Ideally, blossom trees should be grown as hanging in clusters from a rather spreading specimen trees on their own, or featured in a tree. In autumn the foliage turns a golden lawn so the flowers can be seen at their best. yellow. If you do have room for a specimen tree, Prunus serrulata Kanzan (3-4 metres) has why not grow something really spectacular large double, deep pink flowers. The flowering such as a weeping blossom tree? plums also include the dwarf Prunus sinensis There are several forms of weeping prunus (1-2 metres) either as a double pink variety or available, but probably the most attractive is as double white. Prunus serrulata (Japanese Flowering Cherry), Prunus Elvins is a new variety (3-4 metres). particularly the Cheals Weeping Cherry, as it The flowers open white, then turn pink. has deep pink, double flowers in early spring Prunus cerasifera Pissardii (3-4 metres) has while the young leaves are bronze green. numerous single, white flowers followed Two very hardy specimens suited to the Flowering crab apple (Malus floribunda) by dark red, edible fruit and bronze purple Adelaide Plains are the Weeping Peach and leaves. the Weeping White Mulberry which is symmetrical in shape and its berries are quite edible. The Malus, or Flowering Crab Apple, also has a number of very attractive varieties. Malus purpurea Echtermeyer is one of the best with its long, slender branches covered with small, bright pink flowers in spring. Weeping specimens need special attention at pruning time and thats when it pays to buy your plants from your local garden centre as they are only too willing to provide you with the information FRESH IDEAS IN OUTDOOR FURNITURE, WATER FEATURES, you are likely to need. GARDEN DCOR, WALL ART & GIFTWARE If specimen blossom trees are to be planted in a shrubbery, try to visualise how tall and particularly, how wide they will grow when mature. Their effect is quickly lost if the blossom covered branches are hidden by other trees. The Manchurian Pear (Pyrus ussuriensis) is an excellent background tree in a large shrubbery as it grows to eight metres. However, this variety is sometimes difficult to buy. The spring blossom is white, while its leaves in autumn are bronze red.
Be inspired, discover new ideas
Flowering apples The flowering apples are hard to beat as their spring flowers are followed by attractive, small apples that last throughout the growing season. The Japanese Flowering Crab Apple (Malus floribunda) reaches three to four metres. The flowers are soft pink with a gentle fragrance. A later flowering variety, the Bechtel Crab Apple (Malus ioensis Plena) is a much smaller tree, barely reaching three metres. Its spring buds are red, followed by pink and white flowers. During summer, the leaves are green, but they colour well in autumn. During winter, the bare branches display a twisting effect, making this variety ideal for courtyard planting. The prunus family covers a large range of flowering fruit trees
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Waterwise gardening
Water for gardens: diversity is the answer

South Australia is a recognised leader in stormwater harvesting, wastewater recycling, irrigation practices and rainwater tank ownership.
ardeners and horticulturists have been on the front line in the communitys efforts to conserve water in recent years. During the period of water restrictions they continued to find innovative ways to use and save water, demonstrating an understanding that South Australians need to grow the right plants for local conditions and for a future of climate uncertainty. In fact, water consumption continued to decline in areas supplied by SA Water even when water restrictions Capturing rainwater at home and using it in the house or were eased. garden is increasingly popular with SA gardeners. Although there have been great improvements in rainfall and River Murray inflows, there is no room for efficient irrigation practices. In addition, complacency about our states water future. South Australians have significantly Clever planning for a growing population, reduced their mains water use. reduced rainfall and the needs of the One of the plans key targets is to have environment is critical and the key word the capability to recycle 45 per cent of is diversity. wastewater from urban areas by 2013 Diversifying our sources of water is a target the state is well on the way to crucial, as it will enable the state to reduce achieving. its reliance on the River Murray and other rain-dependent water sources. Stormwater harvest In order to achieve this, the State Stormwater is already being harvested for Governments blueprint for water security, specific purposes such as greening sports the Water for Good Plan, was introduced grounds, cultivating parks and gardens and in 2009 to guide water policy. It identified supporting agriculture. 94 key actions to diversify water sources, The state has secured an additional $150 improve the way we use water and million in Commonwealth funding for modernise the states water industry. stormwater projects across Adelaide. This It aims to provide the state with the will help to more than triple the annual most secure water supply system in stormwater harvest from the current six southern Australia, with greater Adelaide billion litres to more than 20 billion litres not needing water restrictions beyond by 2013. permanent water conservation measures Another important component of the more than once in every 100 years. plan to diversify supply is the Adelaide The first annual review of Water for Good Desalination Project, which will ensure showed that South Australia is one of the drinking water is available even in times of nations leaders in stormwater capture and drought. It will be able to deliver up to 100 reuse, as well as wastewater recycling and billion litres of water each year about half
of Adelaides annual water supply. As part of this project, a transfer pipeline system has been constructed to deliver water from Port Stanvac to the Happy Valley water treatment supply, where desalinated water will be combined with water from the treatment plant before entering the mains supply network. One of the Water for Good actions gives home gardeners the opportunity to continue to play a role in contributing to the success of the plan. As part of Action 32, the Water for Good website, www.waterforgood.sa.gov.au, is helping to educate the community about South Australias water future and how to use water wisely. There is also a wealth of information on the WaterRight Gardens interactive site, http://waterrightgardens.sawater.com.au, which helps users create a smart watering plan and provides fact sheets on water use in the garden. SA Waters water rebates program is providing plenty of incentive for all gardeners to improve their gardens while reducing their water use. A new rebate of up to $200 is available for new stand alone rainwater tanks of at least 1000 litres capacity, and there is also a rebate of up to $200 for eligible waterwise gardening goods, including approved sprinklers, organic mulch or compost, tap timers, soil moisture sensors, soil wetting agents and drip watering system components. For the latest information on the rebates, visit www.sawater.com.au
www.waterforgood.sa.gov.au
Lawns
Lawn care when its cold

pare a thought for that little patch of green called lawn now that were into cold and wet weather. Weeds, moss and algae, root rots and a range of diseases often get their start when winter dormant grasses such as couch, buffalo and kikuyu are under stress. Mowing at this time of the year should be carried out with care and never while the grass is still wet. It is better to allow another week to go by, rather than risk the mutilation that can occur when damp grass is cut. As a general observation, lawns that grew long and rank during autumn and were then cut very short are the ones that are now suffering the most. The crowns of these plants were probably
severely damaged and instead of lush green lawn grass, you probably now have bright green weeds, bare patches or an extensive area of moss taking over. What to do The first thing is to raise the height of the mower blades and allow the remaining grass to grow longer and at the same time develop a reasonable root system. A small application of a lawn fertiliser (0.5 kg/100 sq metre) or even straight nitrogen applied now will do wonders in stimulating extra growth. However, dont overdo it. The plants are making very little growth and they cant make use of fertiliser in large quantities.
If moss and algae are causing problems, try to improve the drainage as they are usually a symptom of poorly drained soil or areas shaded for too long during the day. Moss and algae can be treated with a mixture of two parts sulphate of iron, one part sulphate of ammonia, used at the rate of four grams (level teaspoon) to a litre of water. A litre of mixture should treat a square metre of lawn and the solution should be watered onto the grass on a fine day. It should be not be watered in for at least 24 hours. If the grass becomes rank before it can be mowed, lift the mower blades and then reduce the height of the grass slowly over a number of weeks.
Winter garden guide

Reliable annuals for winter and spring colour
Seedlings Alyssum Chrysanthemum paludosum Delphinium Dianthus Lobelia Pansy Polyanthus Primula Snapdragon (antirrhinum) Viola Wallflower Main colours Pink, mauve, white White Blues, white, pinks Pinks, mauve Blue, white, pink Multi colours Multi colours Pink, mauve, white Reds, yellow, white Multi colours Reds, bronze, yellow
Winter/spring fruit tree spraying guide

Problem Aphids (eggs) Woolly aphids Curly leaf, shot hole, freckle, brown rot Leaf blister mite Black spot Shot hole, freckle, brown rot Powdery mildew Fruits Peaches/nectarines Apples/pears Peaches/nectarines Vines* Apples/pears Stone fruits* Apples* Time Dormant (July-August) Dormant (July-August) Bud swell Late bud swell Green tip (Sept) Early spring Full bloom Control White oil White oil Copper oxychloride or Mancozeb Sulphur Copper oxychloride or Mancozeb Mancozeb Mancozeb
Seedlings should be planted in a warm sunny position. Most of these annuals are also available from garden centres as ready to flower bloomers.
* only needed where persistent problems occur
Germinating vegies
The seed of spring vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers and capsicums should be germinated in late July or early in August if you want seedlings for planting out in spring. However, you will need to grow them in small containers in a warm, protected position. The containers should be covered by glass or plastic until the seeds have germinated.
Pruning guide for deciduous trees and shrubs

Some but not all ornamental deciduous trees and shrubs need regular pruning during winter. However, those that flower in spring should not be pruned until after flowering. Name Abelia Berberis Cotinus (Smoke bush) Chaenomeles (flowering quince) Crepe myrtle Hibiscus (deciduous) Hydrangea Malus (flowering plums/ apples) Deciduous vines Prunus (flowering plums/ apricots/peaches) Roses Wisteria H = hard M = medium L = light

Nuturing those bulbs

As winter progresses, spring flowering bulbs will be coming through the ground. Once the flower spikes can be seen, feed the plants with a liquid fertiliser that has a high potash content, if possible every two to three weeks. This will improve flowering this season and increase flowering potential next year.
Prune in winter

Pruning after flowering
How much H L H
L M H M
Moss in your lawn?

Moss growing in the lawn usually indicates poor drainage, lack of light or lack of air movement. If possible, remove or overcome the cause. Meanwhile, the moss can be controlled with a mixture of two parts sulphate of iron plus three parts sulphate of ammonia. Use 150 grams in two litres of water for each square metre.
Winter pest watch

It may be cold but that doesnt deter some garden pests. Insect Aphids Caterpillars Leaf minors Scale Woolly aphids Favourite foods Cabbage, broccoli, annuals Cabbage, annuals Citrus, cinerarias Roses Apples and pears Control White oil, BugKill* BT# White oil Trapping, snail bait White oil White oil # a natural non toxic insecticide
L H L H L
Slugs and snails Shoots on new perennials
* contains low toxic imidacloprid
Jon Lambs seasonal checklist
Lawns
Heavy clay soil can be improved through the addition of gypsum during winter. This can be spread on the ground at the rate of 1 kg to 2 sq metres. The gypsum should be allowed to leach into the ground during winter. Gypsum can also be spread over established lawns if it is watered in well. If flat weeds are smothering lawn grass, try spraying with the herbicide MCPA.
Vegetables that thrive in the cold

During winter, seedlings will mature 4-6 weeks earlier than plants grown from seeds. June Artichoke# Asparagus# Beans broad* Beetroot Broccoli Cabbage Carrots Lettuce hearting Lettuce non hearting Onions white Onions brown Parsnips Peas* Potatoes# Radish Rhubarb

Soursobs
July

August
Early Early Late

Dont waste time trying to control soursobs by cultivation, new growth will just keep on reappearing. Wait until they are mature, just before flowering, and spray them with a systemic herbicide containing gylphosate.
Caterpillars
Small, brown caterpillars have been seen in many gardens eating annuals, perennials and shrubs with soft leaves. They can cause serious damage if left unattended during winter. Remove by hand or spot spray with pest spray.
Late

Soil preparation
If you intend planting vegetables in early spring, now is the time to dig the soil over. If possible, buy a bag (or bags) of aged animal manure and work into the soil.
Late

Snails
Many gardens are alive with small snails. Baits or trapping should be used in likely feeding areas.
* best grown from seed # grown from crowns, tubers or sets
Rust
Pelargoniums and geraniums are often attacked by rust during winter. Spray the bushes with a fungicide such as Mancozeb at the first sign of orange or brown spores on the plants leaves.
Keep picking those lemons

Many lemon trees are loaded with fruit. Pick the largest as soon as they become ripe if you want a second crop in autumn. Aim at removing 50 percent of the fruit within the next few weeks. If you cant use the fruit, give it away to a friend or a charity. Your generosity will be repaid with extra fruit in six months time.
Aphids
Despite the cold weather, grey and black aphids are attacking some vegetable crops and selected shrubs. A thorough spraying with BugKill will control them.
Organic gardening
The natural gardener: going organic can be easy

MARK CALDICOTT believes your local garden centre is a great place to start in the search for organic gardening advice.
benefit the environment. ood grown organically is Bringing in a small soil sample is steadily increasing its share a great start as it helps the garden of the market place. centre staff determine the type of As a result, those who enjoy soil you have and the best way to harvesting fruit, vegetables and improve it. This guidance will help herbs from their own garden your garden to prosper. are now looking for reliable One reason people are turning information about how these can to growing their own fruits and be grown organically. vegetables is the cost of buying In the past there has been a Kill fresh fruit and veg. All approach where gardeners had But take it a step further. It to spray chemicals that literally doesnt come any fresher than killed all comers, good and bad. straight from your own backyard. Todays approach is far more There is also a pleasure that comes environmentally sensitive with with growing your own food the realisation that there are many organically as you know exactly beneficial insects in our gardens what has gone into producing that do not need to be killed as they your crop and more importantly, are there as helpers and not there to the fact your food is chemical free. cause harm. Again, your local garden centre Many gardeners still use can help with what it takes to get insecticides but unlike yesteryear, you from start to harvest, whether todays methods include insect you are just planning a few pots or pheromone lures, sticky traps as an entire backyard of produce. well as biological sprays that target specific insects without harming Dont forget the kids the beneficials. Children love to spend time In fact, these days you can even growing their own vegetables and buy from many garden centres, are much more likely to eat what predatory insects that help combat they have grown themselves. plant pests naturally. Helping your kids to grow So, before reaching for that spray vegetables provides a great lesson in your shed, maybe head into in life. Its healthy and fun as well. your local garden centre for advice Why not ask your local garden on how to deal with the problem centre at the same time about organically (please remember to Theres an impressive range of products to help the organic gardener fast growing vegetable seeds to always bring the problem in a and your local garden centres staff can advise you on the options. get your kids gardening passion sealed container so that you dont These days, there is much more attention germinated. spread it around). being paid to caring for our soils by feeding The past has also seen gardeners relying with organic fertilisers and compost as on strong chemical based fertilisers to feed Mark Caldicott is garden manager for these nurture the soil, feed our plants and their plants. Norwood Garden Centre.
OLkIT EvERY THE TO ER NEEdS. GARdEN

US E SPAR IN GLY AF TE R 5P M & BE FO RE 10AM
Sprinklers Other watering systems
Dripper systems
High pressure low volume cleaner
Bucket
A NY TIM E U S E TH E S E
Hand-held hoses fitted with a trigger nozzle
Watering cans
Since December last year, Water Wise Measures have been in place. They are a commonsense way to ensure we all use water carefully. Help South Australia have Water for Good by using this simple toolkit as your guide.
SAW/0141
For the latest information visit www.sawater.com.au or call the Water Wise Hotline on 1800 130 952
Water Wise Measures are in place for most of the State.
Dame Joan Sutherland
Brilliant Star
The best new roses in town

es, its true. The best new roses you can grow are produced right here in South Australia. Our soils and climate combine to provide ideal rose growing conditions and a near perfect environment for trialling new varieties before they are released. Its been a great rose growing season and three of the States top rose growers have nominated their top new release selections. These will be available from garden centres through winter.
New Australian bred roses from Ross Roses, Willunga Dame Joan Sutherland. In honour of this famous Australian. The rose is richly fragrant. Bred by George Thomson, Australias leading rose hybridist. Brilliant Star is a sweetheart, opening from a neat spiral bud to petals over-laid in a star-like form. Each decorative petal is tipped with pink. Bred by Andrew Ross.
Two colourful selections from Corporate Roses, Myponga Forget-Me-Not. Masses of large, petal filled, dusky plum pink blooms. Each flower is perfumed perfection, carrying a heady and heavenly fruity rose fragrance. Height 1.5 m. Double Knock Out. Classic shaped, dusky red blooms. High disease resistance to Black Spot and other fungal diseases. Long flowering and easy care. No formal pruning. Height 1 m. Width 1 m.
Shooting Star
Emily
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Double Knock Out
Two attractive selections from Knights Roses Shooting Star. A beautiful rose with Olde World appeal. Abundant flowers fill this compact bush from spring to winter. Long flowering. Medium yellow to apricot-mocha cream blooms. These open slowly, spiral-shaped and with a sweet fresh fragrance. Quick to repeat. Glossy bright green foliage, high resistance to Black Spot. Emily. An interesting shrub with bright green foliage that produces numerous petite rose buttons (buds). When open, each bud unveils a rose with more than 40 petals, fluorescent illuminating bright pink with a striking yellow reverse. Light fragrance. The flowers are quick to reproduce, excellent for indoor displays or a show garden. Height 60-80 cm.
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Roses
Rose pruning: let your bushes tell you how

Is there a right time during winter to prune roses?
n some gardens, roses continue growing well into June and are then back in action by mid August. For this reason, July is the best pruning month. Even if the bushes havent dropped all their leaves, the operation should be completed by the end of July. Hard pruning is not necessary. Most rose bushes will flower perfectly well if they are trimmed all over with hedge clippers. However, if you like using secateurs, the following may help. The basic principle behind pruning roses is to maintain a healthy balance between big, healthy blooms (or flower cluster) and new vigorous canes. Hard pruning stimulates strong, new canes at the expense of flowers. Conversely, light pruning results in more (and probably smaller) flowers and a build up of weak, spindly growth. You may find the 50/50 rose pruning rule is a very useful starting point. Simply remove 50 percent of the oldest, weakest, thinnest canes and branches. Then cut what is left back by 50 percent. Thats all there is to it. Next year, your bushes will tell you how successful you have been. If they produce excessively strong growth, you can ease back on the pruning in the following year and leave a few more extra canes to make the bushes work a little harder. If there are few or no replacement canes coming from the base, consider pruning a little harder next year. At the same time, it may pay to consider how the bushes are being managed. Strong growth may be the result of overfeeding or excessive water. On the other hand, a little additional fertiliser and water along with a hard prune, may be what is needed to rejuvenate the bushes that are not developing healthy replacement canes. If the bushes fail to respond to hard
pruning and additional tender loving care, its probably time to replace them with some of the magnificent new varieties that are now available. Water shoots not suckers A healthy rose bush will often send out water shoots. These are long, vigorous shoots that develop very close to the base of the bush. They should not be pruned until they have had a number of months to mature. However, some the bushes best autumn blooms will be produced on the tips of your water shoots. Water shoots should not be confused with sucker growth. These also can be strong and very vigorous. However, suckers develop from below the area where the bushes were originally budded, that is the dog leg or kink that is usually located a few centimetres above ground level. Suckers must be removed, otherwise they
will divert energy and vigour away from the main branches. If possible, pull them from their sockets. This helps remove the many dormant buds located at the base of the sucker growth. Landscape roses These bushes are by nature vigorous. They will go berserk if pruned too hard. Trim 20 to 30 percent of the top growth with hedge clippers. Old fashioned roses By nature, they are not usually very vigorous and only flower in spring. Go easy, hard pruning will remove the flowers. Try trimming lightly after flowering. Miniatures Start by removing any dead or weak branches. Next, thin out branches cluttering the centre of the bush Trim the remaining branches by a third. If possible, cut to an outside bud.
Photo: Savo Ilic | Dreamstime.com
Pruning
No short cuts with pruning
ake a walk around your local neighbourhood any time during winter and you are sure to see visual disasters, where over enthusiastic gardeners have hacked back their garden plants with an assortment of secateurs, loppers and saws. Much of our garden culture stems from Europe where the clipped hedge and formal garden syndrome probably highlights mans desire to dominate nature, although a growing season that starts in spring and stops in autumn certainly limits the range of plants that can be grown in a European garden. But this is South Australia where our winter climate is mild enough to allow many plants to continue growing. While deciduous plants like roses, hydrangeas, abelias, crepe myrtles and lilacs hibernate, its for a short time only. So, lets start by saying shrub pruning is not compulsory. Each plant has its own natural shape and left alone thats the way it will grow. For many plants, pruning is only needed if the natural shape is distorted such as where a sun loving plant develops long thin branches as it reaches for the light. In this case, we have a plant in the wrong position and if it cant be relocated, light trimming in early spring and again in early autumn should be enough to maintain a compact shape. There are times when hard pruning is needed for practical reasons such as branches growing across a pathway or over the neighbours fence. Branch removal close to the main trunk in early spring is probably the best remedy. There are, of course, shrubs that defy the dont cut me hard rule. These are plants that are prized for their flower power with the blooms appearing on new seasons growth. In other words, the shrub must produce
level each winter. This will encourage the development of strong vigorous new canes. Prune the remaining branches by 20 to 40 percent while laterals should be shortened 30 to 60 percent. Remove any twiggy growth. Hydrangeas In South Australia, hydrangeas hardly stop for a rest during winter (Hills and cool districts excepted). However, all too often the bushes are pruned too hard and too late, resulting in few flowers or late blooms that are ruined by the summer sun. Prune the bushes as soon as possible in June or even better, cut stems that flowered this season back to plump buds near the base in late April. In June, cut 30 to 50 percent of the remaining stems back by two thirds, again cutting to plump buds. Any stems with unflowered tip buds should be left unpruned as these will produce the earliest and best flowers next season. Crepe Myrtles (Lagerstroemia indica) One of the few flowering shrubs that responds well to hard pruning. But there is no need to go overboard and destroy the plants natural shape. Wait until late winter and cut the laterals or side branches on the main branches back to three or four buds. Dwarf forms should only be pruned very lightly. Native plants (most) Tip prune lightly just as flowering is finished. Tip prune again four to five weeks later. This will help maintain a compact shape and prevent the lower part of the bushes from becoming woody. You will find Rodger Elliots Pruning - A Practical Guide (Lothian gardening guide) is a good reference book.
Liubirong | Dreamstime.com
new growth during spring before the flowers form in summer and beyond. Roses, hydrangeas, fuchsias, abelias and crepe myrtles are good examples. The following guide provides an alternative to the traditional short back and sides. Fuchsias In many gardens, fuchsias produce their best flowers in autumn and early winter. Hard winter pruning forces the plant into so much vigour it is often well into December before flowering begins. Invariably these blooms are ruined by summers heat. During August, prune the main branches by 20 to 30 percent while removing weak and old branches. Pinch new tip growth during early spring to encourage branching. Enjoy the spring flowering and towards the end of December, trim the branches lightly (10 to 20 percent). This will force the plants into new growth that is more tolerant of the heat. Again, pinch new tip growth. This will delay flowering until March when most of the hot weather has gone. Abelias Aim at removing 25 percent of the oldest branches as close as possible to ground
Pruning
Now cut that out!

Some sound advice on when to prune trees and shrubs.
ost ornamental trees and shrubs growing in the garden are quite happy to thrive without a regular hard prune. In fact, nothing looks worse than the tortured framework of a tree that regularly receives a traditional short back and sides. There are, of course, occasions when a light trim and sometimes a hard cut back can be beneficial. Determining the best time of the year to prune or trim is quite easy if you use the following guidelines. Deciduous. (excluding those that flower in spring) The task is best carried out in mid-winter certainly before mid-August when the sap beings to flow. Some plants including vines, walnuts, the
birch and maple may bleed if pruned later in winter. Spring flowering deciduous. Wait until the blossom begins to fall. But, dont delay any longer as new growth follows very quickly. Winter pruning will remove potential flowers. Hardy evergreens. These should be cut or trimmed immediately after flowering, regardless of the time of the year. Frost tender evergreens. Those that flower in autumn, winter or early spring should not be cut until the danger of winter and spring frosts is over. Tropical summer/autumn flowering. Warm loving shrubs such as hibiscus and frangipani are best pruned early in spring well after the frost season.
Home Composting
1
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Air Compost/ humus layer
Organic Waste Air
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- Leachate reservoir for the collection of the liquid nutrients displaced from your biomass materials dilute what is collected and you have a wonderful natural fertilizer for free
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- 2 Access Doors for ease of removal of the mature compost and gives you flexibility in the positioning/ location of your Aerobin - Due to the high temperatures than can be achieved in the processing of your biomass most weeds, seeds and pathogens will be killed And why does this all matter? Because organic waste doesnt have to be sent off to landfill there is a better solution. Aerobin offers perhaps for the first time an enabling technology that supports the on-site containment of household organics and provides a quantifiable benefit to planet Earth and our environment. Aerobin makes composting easy and rewarding
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Fresh fruit in the garden but how do you decide?

Pink Lady apples
hen it comes to buying fruit trees for the garden, select carefully. If you are not sure which variety is for you, stick with the star performers those that have been voted by home gardeners as reliable croppers with the minimum amount of labour. Many, but not all deciduous fruit trees need two different varieties for cross pollination. Where you only have room for one tree, consider those that dont need cross pollination. Alternatively, plant two different varieties of the one fruit type and grow it as a single tree.
Heres a summary of the best home grown varieties, based on expert feedback from SA garden centres. Apples Fuji. Reputed to be the worlds most popular apple. The fruit is large, round with dull red skin and creamy white crisp and juicy flesh. Ripens mid April. Gala. Medium sized round striped red fruit. Crisp, sweet and juicy flesh. Matures mid February. Pink Lady. Top selling apple in Australia. Medium sized fruit with attractive pink to red skin and crisp juicy, sweet flavour. Ripens late April to mid May.
Apples require cross pollination. Apricots Moorpark. Still very popular. Large round oval fruit with excellent quality. Ripens early January. Apricots do not need cross pollination. Cherries Stella. One of the few varieties that will fruit reasonably well on the Adelaide Plains and warmer districts. Fruit is medium sized and dark red. Self fertile. Lapins. A good self pollinating option ripening after Stella and after Christmas. Dark red, good cracking resistance.
Moorpark apricots
Stella cherries
Fairlane nectarines
www.balhannahnurseries.com.au
WINTER
.....in your local
BARE-ROOT FRUIT TREES

nursery beginning of June
Grow your own, taste the difference
Fruit trees
Sensation pears
Ruby Blood plums
Most cherries need cross pollination. Nectarine Goldmine. A medium sized round fruit with white flesh which is still very popular. Fairlane. A good, late, large yellow flesh, juicy nectarine. Medium sized fruit. Peaches OHenry. If youre looking for a variety that eats well, this is it. The fruit are large, round with a red blush over the yellow background. Freestone, ripening early to mid February. Late Red Italian. A clingstone variety creating attention because of its brilliant colour and late maturity (April). Wiggins. Large fruit, white, juicy flesh. Ripens mid January. Anzac. Medium fruit, white juicy melting
flesh. Still one of the best. Matures late December. Note: Nectarines and peaches dont require cross pollination the exception is Million Dollar peach, which requires Blackburn or Elberta for pollination. Pears Duchess. Very popular. Medium to large fruits, pale green skin ripens yellow. White, tender juicy flesh. Self fertile. Sensation. Red skinned form of Duchess. Both ripen mid February and are self fertile. Most but not all pears need cross pollination. Plums Satsuma. Popular for home growing because unlike most plums, it doesnt require cross pollination. High yielding,
Late Red Italian peaches
blood red flesh, matures mid February. Ruby Blood. An excellent late maturing variety. Hangs well on the tree. Blood red flesh. Ripens late March. Needs cross pollination.
When your decision is deciduous
shrubs. During winter, many of these are sold bare rooted. This is quite ok because the plants are dormant. During this hibernation, they can be planted in the garden with minimal risk of a setback that sometimes happens when new plants are established. In most cases, a small quantity of moist sawdust (wrapped in plastic) is used to prevent the roots from drying out. Keep the wrapping around the roots until you are ready to plant. Avoid planting while
ake a walk around your local garden centre and check out their range of deciduous trees and
the ground is saturated. If the soil remains constantly wet during winter, consider draining the area or at least establish your plants on mounds that have been raised by at least 20 cm. The planting hole should be much wider than the plants roots and deep enough to allow the top roots to be covered with 5-8 cm of soil. Trim any damaged roots and spread those remaining evenly over the base of the hole. Animal manure and powdered fertiliser should not be used at this stage as it may harm developing roots. However, a slow release fertiliser can be
used with safety. Backfill the hole with soil that has been improved with 20 percent by volume of compost or soil improver. Check to see there are no air-pockets around the roots. Then water the area to consolidate the soil. Newly established deciduous trees should be cut back hard immediately after planting. Fruit trees should have their main branches cut back by two thirds. Deciduous ornamental trees should also be cut back hard after planting but take care not to destroy the plants natural shape. Seek advice from your garden centre when you are making your purchase.
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Curious fruit to tempt the taste buds

Kunzea or muntries (above), fruit of carissa (inset top) and muntries fruit (inset above)
DAN AUSTIN looks at the benefits of growing your own, from improved flavour and nutrition, to reduced chemical use.
hether its a vegetable patch or the odd fruit tree, edible plantings have long been a part of Australian gardens. Now, with enough research, it is surprising what you can label edible from New Zealand Flax (Phormium tenax) shoots, to the flowers of various Yucca species. But when looking for something you cant find in the supermarket that actually tastes good and isnt just digestible, the pickings get a little slimmer. The following species are five less commercialised plants, yielding fruit that is both pleasant and abundant enough for the kids to pick at, while still having leftovers to treat a visitor or two. Most importantly they are dead easy to grow! Cape Gooseberry Physallis peruviana. A member of the Solanaceae family, the ornamental value
of this South American native depends on your creativity. The flowers of this small open shrub are an attractive yellow with central dark maroon to black highlights but long soft wooded stems can tend to look a little leggy. It is however, very easy to grow and has an added element of visual interest, as the yellowish marble sized fruit are formed within a husk, giving a similar appearance to Chinese lanterns. The Cape Gooseberry is part sweet, part savoury with a long history in alternative medicine and has proven potential in the kitchen. Keep in a well-drained, full sun position and remove spent stems that begin to die after fruiting. Though Physallis can be kept as a perennial, there is evidence of increased susceptibility to pests and disease in older plants. Thus when cultivated for production, they are best kept as biennial plantings.
Muntries Kunzea pomifera. Native to South Australia and Victoria, Kunzea pomifera has long been used as a food source by aboriginal people. Muntries are one of the more prized bush foods encountering growing popularity in restaurants and the fruit is now being used in everything from syrups and wine to fruit strap confectionary. The 5 - 10 mm fruit ranges from soft to woody, sweet spiced to tart, others burst with pineapple to fruit salad tastes and there are all manner of combinations in between. Using this prostrate perennial in projects also serves an ecological function with various indigenous animal species able to utilise the plantings as a food source and for habitat. Muntries occur naturally on dry coastal dunes, so they are great for coastal projects where salt is a problem. They enjoy free draining alkaline soils though tolerate
Rare fruits
many. Kunzea pomifera has great heat and drought tolerance. However, fruiting is improved with a regular watering regime. Fruit production is also increased through pruning and trellising of the prostrate plants, which with wire support, grow to around a metre. Natal Plum Carissa macrocarpa. A native of South Africa, this thorny ornamental is a fantastic hedging plant to keep out unwanted guests. As a medium shrub, the delicate white, fragranced flowers and bright red fruit are an attractive contrast against the plants glossy green foliage. The strawberry sized fruit is firm with a somewhat granular texture, tart and sweet when ripe in late summer. The Natal Plum is a pleasant tasting novelty fruit but perhaps not to everyones taste as a staple. Suited to full sun and tolerant of a range of well drained soils, Carissa macrocarpa can be hedged or given light to medium pruning after fruiting. They will also tolerate hard thinning of older wood to allow an open plant for better fruit production. White Sapote Casimiroa edulis. Grown as an attractive shady tree of 3 to 15 metres, depending on the cultivar, Casimiroa is in the Rutaceae family along with citrus and though the fruit is nothing alike, the growing conditions are quite similar. As a fresh fruit the White Sapote or Ice Cream Fruit is in a league of its own. The fruit is delicious with varying descriptions from those that try it, sweet and less tart than most commercialised fruit with a slightly creamy flavour somewhat similar to an avocado. Then again, it is nothing like an avocado. Think carefully about where you place this tree dropping large, unpicked fruit that can quickly make a mess. Casimiroas are happy in full sun and require little maintenance besides staking for the first few years. Though they are drought tolerant, regular deep watering ensures good fruit production and also promotes deep roots. If a shallow watering regime is followed
Carissa macrocarpa (above) and White Sapote (left)
substantial surface roots can develop, potentially damaging nearby pipes and paving. Jujube Ziziphus zizyphus. Jujube or Chinese dates are produced on the small trees of 5 to 10 metres. Though deciduous and with a shape not offering much shade in summer, the pale foliage of Ziziphus is attractive and the ample supply of an appealing fruit make this plant well worthwhile. The fruit can be eaten fresh or dried and is often used in preserves, syrups and even to make a unique tea. The spongy texture of the slightly aged fruit can be likened somewhat to dried
apple. Ziziphus tolerate a wide range of temperatures and rainfall, however hot summers and sufficient water are best for quality fruiting. They are just as tolerant of a range of soil types. Little or no pruning is needed for Jujube plants Note: There are valid concerns about the weedy potential of rootstocks used for grafted Ziziphus. Typically intensely thorny and yielding small fruit any rootstock shoots should be swiftly removed. All these fruits are tried and tested in SA. But there are a variety of interesting fruiting plants sold from time to time that may well never produce satisfactorily in our climate and others that will need pollination partners to produce. So if in doubt, do some research before parting with your dollars. The Rare Fruit Society of SA is an excellent resource. Dan Austin is a lecturer at the Urrbrae Horticultural Centre specialising in edibles, hydroponics and integrated management systems. His horticultural roots stem from fruit growing at Chaffey in the Riverland.
More
information: www.rarefruit-sa.org.au
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Pots of colour
Dianthus - available in bright colours
You can add a splash of instant colour to your winter garden with a selection of reasonably priced potted bloomers.
or the price of a bunch of fresh flowers, you can buy a potted bloomer that will continue to perform for six to eight weeks and often, much longer. Potted bloomers are annuals and perennials selected for their ability to remain compact and tidy while radiating instant colour. A single bloomer placed in a garden devoid of colour, commands instant attention. However, if you care to collect your pots of colour in groups, the effect at
Potted colour
Inside & out Polyanthus Primulas Cinerarias Dianthus Cyclamen Kalenchoe Geraniums Outdoor only Pansies Violas Poppies Ranunculus Daffodils Jonquils Freesias
this time of the year can be quite stunning. Try the inside-outside effect. Select a room with a view, such as a sitting room that looks out at a patio or courtyard. Place a single bloomer close to the window sill and three or five similar potted plants in a group where they can be viewed through the window. The linking effect is very effective. Polyanthus, primula, pansies, violas and later in winter, cineraria, are ideal as they belong to a group of plants that are happy to bloom inside for quite a few
New hybrid pansies

Alyssum likes full winter sun
Good gardening
weeks providing they are not overheated or desiccated by air conditioning. Other dual purpose bloomers are listed for your selection. Where possible, place pots of colour where they are most likely to be appreciated. Inside the house, perhaps the most commonly viewed spot, is the window above the kitchen sink. A group of bloomers can also be placed strategically outside the kitchen window or living room for instant effect. Consider also some colour close to the back door to welcome you at the end of the day or perhaps cheer you up as you leave for work. Winter bloomers tend to look after themselves as they are not growing vigorously and dont need much water. In fact, they should last five to ten days or longer in between drinks. At this time of the year, theres a wide selection of small compact flowering plants at your local garden centre why not check them out.
Lobelia
Vadoulis Garden Centre

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560 Main North Road, Gawler, SA Telephone: (08) 8522 3400 www.vadoulis.com.au
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The Cutting Edge
When big isnt always beautiful

SA garden writer and mediterranean plant authority, TREVOR NOTTLE keeps an eye on gardenings latest issues.
his year I didnt go to the big International Flower and Garden Show in Melbourne. Instead I stayed in Adelaide trusting the publicity that promised our local garden events would be horticultural extravaganzas awash with ideas, flowers, personalities and plants. Perhaps you were of a like mind? Well, what was your assessment of what was on offer? Same old, same old? Nothing new under the South Australian sun? Same old lack of horticultural excitement despite the rock n roll dance teams, Morris men and muscle cars? My own purchases reflect those of many keen gardening friends. I attended each exposition ready to spend with $200 on hand to get what I wanted and to avoid the difficulties of very limited card facilities and cash points. At one event I managed to lash out on bromeliads, a much under-utilised group of plants, from a dealer who dared to venture south from Brisbane with a truckload of beautiful plants. I spent $150 and came home happy with my purchases. I wonder if that business will follow-up its enterprise and come back next time? At the other event I bought two new geraniums for my wife, an apricot crucifix orchid for my mother-in-law, some vegetable seedlings and two succulents for myself, and ordered 20 bags of chicken manure to be delivered later. I took $200 but spent less than $50. Why? There was nothing much to buy, thats why. This boredom is no reflection on local growers who strive within their areas of expertise to develop their stock for our advantage but why cant the exhibition promoters attract a more diverse range of traders? After all, plant fairs as far afield as Bilpin,
The Cutting Edge

Mt Macedon, Olinda and One Tree Hill bring sellers from far and wide. Over to you, organisers and promoters. Cut the baffle-gab and yaddah and bring us more plants and more sellers. Hints: bribe the bromeliad business to return; induce the cycad nursery from Central Australia to attend; persuade a small bulb grower from Tasmania to cross Bass Strait; make an offer too-goodto-refuse to a specialist in South African bulbs; find a Puya grower; convince the aloe breeder in Queensland that theres a need and a market here for his landscaping plants; get hold of that grower of Lotus; locate a grower of evergreen oaks to attract Hills hobby farmers. The question is Why are east coast rain-forest trees, Angophora sp. being planted around Adelaide, especially in the median strips around the south east Parklands? Given that scientific research is telling us the climate will be warmer and drier in the long term, how will these be sustainable, any more than avenues of Moreton Bay Fig trees? Bring on Crepe Myrtles and Oleanders trained as trees and look into fruit trees as street trees. Make street and park trials of Chitalpa hybrids, Malus trilobata, Malus yunnanensis Veitchii, Malus tschonoskii, Pyrus Korean Sun, Querus coccifera,
Quercus douglasii, Quercus macrolepis, Pinus montezumae and many others. New plants For a huge selection of succulents, many unseen elsewhere, visit Hillside Herbs on Sands Road at McLaren Flat. All stock is grown outside and is therefore highly suited to the climate of South Australia. Tupelo Grove near Mylor carries an equally impressive range of hardy perennials chosen for their ability to thrive under local conditions. Make a day of it and visit both. Whats on Dont miss the celebration of spectacular trees in South Australia at Carrick Hill from August 3 to October 30. The Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) is an endangered species of which there is an important remnant forest on the Hills face behind Carrick Hill. Local tree expert Geoff Mincham has identified many other beautiful trees which have been photographed by Mick Bradley and painted by botanical artist Linda Catchlove. Get excited about The proposed cuts to the budget for Mount Lofty Botanic Gardens will effectively reduce staffing levels from those appropriate to a scientific and plant conservation agency to that adequate for a public park. The loss of plant diversity is already significant and growing as blackberries, bone seed, bracken, gorse and broom begin to invade less visited steep ground. Join the Mount Lofty Botanic Gardens Support Group: mlbgsp@gmail.com or 8339 3442.
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New products
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A unique but very practical reusable planter for courtyards and small gardens. Strong PVC liner has inbuilt spring loaded wire to produce a cylindrical container with planting pockets designed to hold 5-7 plants. www.brunnings.com.au
Searles 5 in 1 liquid organic plant food

A new product combining a range of organic plant foods with plant and soil stimulants in a liquid form. The liquid contains organic forms of cow, sheep and poultry manure with blood and bone, worm castings, seaweed extracts, natural potash and selected minerals, providing both short and long term plant nutrition. BFA (organic) registration for use on all garden plants. Available in one litre bottles. www.searles.com.au
Yates tomato and vegetable dust

This 3 in 1 insecticide, miticide and fungicide in a dust form now contains the new non toxic insecticide, Spinosad, for caterpillar control. Also contains sulphur for mite control and copper for controlling fungus. Registered for use on all vegetables except cucumbers. www.yates.com.au
Willow planters
Stylish, decorative planters made from woven willow. Two sizes available, each with replaceable woven fabric liners for growing salad plants and herbs or tomatoes and capsicum. www.brunnings.com.au
Mr Fothergills kitchen seed sprouter

Low cost seed sprouter with four clear seed sprouting trays and a base section for drainage. Seeds sprouted by overhead watering. www.fothergills.com.au
Get the most out of your garden with mulch

STUART WILLIAMS, PRODUCTION MANAGER
Jeffries Recover ver

Certified to Australian Standard 4454 LIC 2017 Already boosted with Jeffries Organic Compost, s st, the addition of Blood and Bone increases nitrogen, phosphorous and calcium - three vital nutrients for plant growth. Providing an attractive dark finish for your garden while also giving your plants the extra food they need to flourish Jeffries Recover is more than just a mulch!
Jeffries Forest Mulch

Certified to Australian Standard 4454 LIC 2017 Certified organic to NASAA standard 5125m Nature knows the benefits of a mulch layer; it occurs naturally in a forest to help nurture and protect plants. Jeffries Forest Mulch will do the same in your garden, protecting plants against the elements and improving the soil at the same time.
Jeffries Dura Mulch

A very durable, heavy duty mulch. Fully composted to slowly break down and add valuable carbon to your soil. Helps keep weeds down while maximising water retention in your soil.
Jeffries Forever Red, Black or Brown

This popular coloured timber mulch is available in three long lasting colours. Some mulches can fade quite quickly, but this one holds its colour and lustre longer. This easy y to spread mulch is a great option if you want your garden to stand out from the crowd!
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0.76m3 is an approx measure not a guaranteed measure | 0.76m3 covers approx 15m2 at 50mm thickness
Recycling
Meeting the e-waste challenge
ow many television sets are there in your household? A recent survey found that 39 percent of Adelaide households have more than four TVs and almost two desktop computers. This raises the question of how to dispose of old electronic equipment, which is posing a new waste management challenge. TVs and computers and their peripherals like printers, tape and disc players and electronic game stations are only part of e-waste, which includes anything with a cord. Given that definition, it includes kitchen appliances like electric kettles, toasters, microwave ovens, and power tools. As with any waste stream, minimisation is the first objective. For e-waste the recommended process is to consider up-grading instead of replacing, reusing if it is still operational and re-cycling before reaching the dump it stage. Appropriate disposal of e-waste is not a simple task and can involve the owner paying for the process; a factor of the complexity of the products and the diversity and small amounts of the resources they contain. This cost may be covered in full or part by some local Councils. Anyone with electronic or electrical equipment to dispose of can tap into the latest information about Council programs and e-waste recycling options by visiting the Zero Waste SA web site www.zerowaste. sa.gov.au and clicking on the All about E-waste tab to the left of the home page.
e-waste is a growing problem but responsible disposal will help minimise environmental impacts.
Zero Waste SA program manager Erin Henson says appropriate disposal of e-waste, which typically contains a variety of plastics, glass a TV set can contain 2 kg of leaded glass and heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and lithium: reduces land fill electric and electronic equipment is often very bulky ensures valuable non-renewable resources are extracted and recycled removes materials that can impact adversely on human health and the environment if they are put into landfill. The complexity of electrical and electronic appliances mean the components are difficult to extract and segregate for re-cycling, and
each piece of equipment typically contains only very small amounts of valuable materials, Ms Henson says. The scale of the e-waste issue is illustrated by a scheme introduced in areas of regional SA and Broken Hill affected by the digital switchover. More than 19,000 TV sets weighing 428 tonnes were collected for recycling from 19 locations in just three months.
www.zerowaste.sa.gov.au
Wait a while for national TV, computer disposal scheme

A national take back scheme that will provide free disposal of computers and television sets is expected to be operating by next year. The new product stewardship scheme, which will operate much like the battery and printer cartridge take back schemes already available in some areas, is part of the National Waste Policy agreed by the
Federal and State governments. Under the national product stewardship scheme, people who want to dispose of television sets, computers and computer peripherals will be able to take them to designated locations. These are, expected to include stores selling new electronic equipment, for appropriate disposal.
Zero Waste SA program manager Erin Henson suggests that, given the plan to have this system operational within the next 12 months, it makes sense for people with computers and televisions to dispose of to store them for a few months until the new system, which will provide a convenient and effectively free disposal service, is in place.
Good gardening
A better way for better soils
or too much moisture Cow manure is a natural oo many garden plants die because surrounding the root organic soil improver that they are selected for the colour of system. helps boost the population their flowers or the attractiveness The way around the of beneficial soil microbes of their foliage rather than their suitability problem is to apply a while storing soil moisture. to our soils. combination of gypsum, Compost and soil Dont despair. It really is very easy to cow manure and a garden improvers comprise of improve most garden soils particularly if compost or soil improver small particles of organic you take time to consider why our soils to the soil. matter that also help stick cause so many problems. Gypsum is a naturally the small clay particles A typical hard setting South Australian COASTAL GARDEN occurring rock COURTYARD SPECIALISTSPECIALIST COASTAL GARDEN & GARDEN COASTAL GARDEN & COURTYARD SPECIALIST & COURTYARD SPECIALIST COASTAL that is &GARDEN & COURTYARD SPECIALIST COASTAL COURTYARD together. soil consists mainly of very fine particles The combination of sold in a crushed form of clay. When this kind of soil is moist gypsum spread at 1 kg to and is available from most and pushed together such as in a garden the square metre plus cow garden centres. bed, the fine particles pack tightly leaving manure and organic matter, When spread over the little room between them for air (which is both spread at 3-6 litres per square metre, ground it is washed into the topsoil by essential for plant growth) or the drainage will significantly improve the aeration, winter rains where it combines with the of excess moisture. drainage and health of your garden soil fine clay particles causing them to clump If you have a typical hard setting clay over the winter months in readiness for or aggregate together. This dramatically soil, its likely your plants are not achieving planting out in spring. improves the soils aeration and drainage. their true potential through lack of air COASTAL GARDENING COASTAL GARDEN & COURTYARD SPECIALIST
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Chestnut
Pecan
Nuts trees well worth a look

South Australia has a great climate for growing nut trees. Specialist CHRIS PERRY looks at the tasty choices.
well. It is generally not too frosty for macadamia and they love our summer, while chestnuts grow in most places as long as the soils do not waterlog. Pistachios are very hardy once established. The trees tolerate heavy frost and high summer heat with ease. They do well in both limey and sandy soil and cope well with salt, drought and wind. The male and female flowers are borne on separate trees, so plant a male and female tree. The nuts are borne in bunches and can be harvested when ripe (in April) by shaking into a basket. The soft husks are removed, the nuts in shell sun dried and then kept in a cool place.
Almond Pistachio
outh Australias wet winters and warm dry summers suit pistachio, walnut, almond and pecan very
Pistachio nuts left on the tree spoil easily. It is essential to pick, dehusk and dry quickly once they are ripe. The nuts are delicious eaten fresh, but can be soaked in brine and roasted if you like the salted pistachio taste presented in nut shops. Walnut trees make grand garden specimens. They grow quickly and bear nuts in two or three years. Our modern varieties bear large thin shelled nuts of excellent flavour. They are also fairly tolerant of the common walnut diseases. Walnuts provide welcome shade in summer. Starting with high quality trees makes it easy to establish this sometimes tricky nut species. Seek detailed planting advice and for the best chance of success only plant bare rooted trees in winter. Almond is the answer to a much needed
calcium rich diet. They are tough little trees that are easy to grow. The self pollinating variety All-in-One grows to a compact size that is easy to net against birds. Pecans are big and beautiful trees and make a great specimen in a big garden. They are more soil and climate tolerant than walnut and have no pest or disease problems. The nuts are delicious eaten straight out of the easily cracked shell and they keep well. Seek the self pollinating varieties Mohawk and Pawnee. Plant both varieties together to increase production of delicious nuts. Chestnuts are beautiful trees with a dense deep green canopy. They are better suited to cool areas with deep soils but will work in the Riverland and Adelaide Plains. Plant two trees of different varieties for successful pollination.
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Macadamia is easy to grow

acadamia grows so well in much of SA that it deserves to be among the first nut trees to be considered for any garden. These handsome evergreen trees have dense deep green foliage and robust branches that resist the wind. They have a broad tolerance of soils including typically heavy Adelaide clay loam, shallow sandy soil and deep sands. Highly alkaline limestone soils can cause symptoms of lime induced chlorosis. Macadamia easily tolerates the occasional frost in Adelaide suburbs. Frostier regions in the Hills and inland districts will see worse damage in some years but trees normally recover quickly. Severe frosts below -10C in Loxton in 1982 caused mature trees to be badly burnt. However, these trees all recovered during the following growing season. There are thousands of macadamia trees growing in backyards in SA. They are
usually fruitful, even though many of the older trees are seedlings. Of course, as with most fruiting plants, time to first crop and productivity are dramatically improved when selected varieties are planted. Gardeners can select varieties for tolerance to harsh conditions, dwarfness, flower colour and productivity. One of the best is the new variety Pinkalicious, so named because of its unusual pink tassel flowers. Macadamia flowers are normally cream in colour. The nuts are truly delicious. This tree grows at a solid pace and has a bushy canopy of equal height and width. Gardeners should budget for a mature size of about 5 metres. Pinkalicious has its first crop of flowers and a few nuts in the third season. In the fourth season a good tree will flower heavily and produce several kilos of nuts. Plant your macadamia in a soil enriched
with compost where sunlight is good all year. Water the tree regularly and feed a couple of times a year with animal manure. Macadamia is in the proteaceae family and shares the sensitivity of this group of plants to phosphorus bearing fertiliser. Never apply superphosphate. You will be impressed by the robust growth, lack of pest and disease problems and beauty of this Australian native. The nuts fall when ready and have so far proven too hard for birds to crack. However, when it is time for you to crack and eat your crop you can invest in a simple, easy to use TJs nutcracker. Chris Perry runs Perrys Fruit and Nut Nursery at McLaren Flat. A former horticultural adviser in New Guinea, Chris has played a major role in evaluating and developing new fruit and nut varieties, suitable for SAs home gardens.
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Books & DVDs
Plants for a Changing Climate by Trevor Nottle Publisher - Rosenberg, $35 revor Nottles book Plants for a Changing Climate represents a new direction in garden writing as he introduces and discusses in some detail climate change and the impacts it is likely to have over the next 20-50 years. Since most gardeners plant for the future, whether it be vegetables for the next few months, fruit and shade trees for the next 20 years or parkland trees for the next generation, this book makes informative reading with a positive edge for planning and action. At times the book takes a look at some disturbing science and research on the climate front. However, any gloom is quickly dispelled by a plethora of ideas and plant suggestions about moving gardens into a drier and warmer future. For gardeners familiar with what they have grown and bought over the years, Nottle describes his experience in growing many new plants from which he has made a selection based on those with the best chances of growing well in times of climate change. For readers new to gardening, there is a range of ideas to think about such as How much lawn do you need? and What are the alternatives to grass?
The New Ornamental Garden by Simon Rickard Publisher CSIRO, $39.95 ere is a great book for those who want to understand more about what largely determines our success in the garden the climate and how to collect plants for an Australian garden. As a passionate gardener and plantsman, Simon Rickard draws heavily from his own experience that includes former head gardener of the Diggers Club where he oversaw two of Australias best known public gardens, Heronswood and the Garden of St Erth. Rickard takes a fresh look at the worthiness of garden plants and those most suited to a changing climate. This section contains an extensive plants list with a brief background to their origin, their use in the garden along with useful cultivation notes. It also discusses the influence of microclimates within a garden and how to use these to your advantage. Thinking gardeners will value the introductory chapters about understanding the climate, how climate influences plant growth and how plants adapt to a changing climate. Like Trevor Nottles Plants for a Changing Climate, this book is designed to help gardeners reappraise not just the plants they select, but the way they currently garden.
Dry Climate Gardening Summer DVD Presenter David Glenn. Duration 92 minutes Distribution: www.dryclimategardening.com.au $29.95 f you are looking for inspiration or a very pleasant way to learn more about the plants that perform so well in our dry climate, treat yourself to ninety minutes of glorious bliss. Dry Climate Gardening Summer is the second in a seasonally based DVD series presented by renowned nurseryman, David Glenn. Glenn will take you for a leisurely but fascinating stroll through the brilliant Lambley Nursery and Gardens, created in the dry windswept goldfields of central Victoria. The colour of this garden is brilliant, even during the hottest and driest days of summer. This is because the plants have been selected from summer dry climatic areas of the world. In this summer edition, Glenn shows us how a dry climate garden can be full of colour and excitement and in his own chatty style, provides a wealth of very useful gardening information with a focus on how to get the best display from your plants.
Vegetables
No-dig gardens: great vegies no fuss

inter and spring maturing vegetables are currently expensive to buy, so why not grow your own by setting up an easy care no dig vegetable garden. We are talking about broccoli, mini cabbage, lettuce, peas, broad beans, onions, potatoes, Asian greens and a range of easy to grow herbs. (See our Winter Garden Guide on pages 32-33.) You will need plenty of straw, some well aged animal manure and a little fertiliser. If these are not available at home, you will find they can be purchased for a modest price at most garden centres. Apart from not having to dig the soil, the straw you use acts as a mulch, reducing water evaporation. As a result you dont have to water your plants so often. As the straw breaks down, it combines with the animal manures and fertilisers to provide your plants with a permanent source of plant foods. Weeds are easily removed as they dont have a chance to establish deep anchor roots in the soil. Choose a spot in the garden that receives sun all day as vegetables are real sun lovers. Start by clearing the ground of any weeds. Simply chop the top growth off at ground level with a spade. Keep the top growth as it can be used as part of the mulch you will need later on. Check the area is free from couch grass, kikuyu or other vigorous perennial weeds as they can cause problems later in the year. Its a good idea to place boards, sleepers
or bricks around the boundary of your bed. This will help keep the material together. The bed can be any size but an area 2x3 metres square will produce heaps. Cover the area with thick layers of newspaper. Two to three sections of Saturdays Advertiser will do. Next comes the straw. Pea or lucerne straw is usually available at garden centres. This should be placed in pads 8-10 cm thick over the newspaper. Sprinkle with water. Next mix together large quantities of straw and as much aged animal manure as possible. Sheep, cow, pigeon and poultry manures are all suitable. They can be powdered or in pelleted form. But make sure they are well aged as fresh animal manures generate heat and are likely to burn the plants as they break down. Add a 6-8 cm layer of mixed straw and animal manure to your bed and to this add two cupfuls of blood and bone mixed with half a cupful of sulphate of potash to the square metre. An alternative is to use half a cupful of complete garden fertiliser to the square metre. Sprinkle the area with water again. If there is a compost heap in the garden, the bed should be covered with a 2-3 cm layer of material. If there is no compost, you can use dried lawn clippings or bark chips. The aim is to prevent the straw from blowing away in the first few weeks. This wont be a problem after the straw begins to break down.
Garden alerts
Whats on
JUNE
SAs gardening calendar : compiled from the 891ABC gardening noticeboard

Montague & Walkleys Rds, Ingle Farm, normal shopping hours. 20-21 National Cymbidium Orchid Show (Sat 9am-5pm, Sun 9am-4pm), Noarlunga Leisure Centre, David Witton Drive, Noarlunga Centre. 28- Sept 3 Cymbidium Orchid Club of SA Spring Show, Westfield West Lakes Shopping Centre, Brebner Drive, West Lakes, normal shopping hours. SEPTEMBER 2-10 Royal Adelaide Show, Wayville Showgrounds. 18-24 Gawler & Districts Orchid Club Spring Show, Hollywood Shopping Centre, Winzor St, Salisbury Downs, normal shopping hours. 24-25 Native Orchid Society of SA Show (Sat 10am-5pm, Sun 10am-4pm, St Bernadettes Church Hall, South Rd, St Marys. OCTOBER 8 ABC Radio 891 Adelaide Car Park Caper (8am-12noon), 85 North East Road, Collinswood. Waite Arboretum regular walking tours Free guided walks of the Waite Arboretum are held on the first Sunday of every month from 11 am - 12.30 pm. Meet in front of Urrbrae House, Waite Campus (enter via Fullarton Rd). Are you running a gardening event? For listing in SA Garden and Outdoor Living, contact Jon Lamb Communications jlcom@chariot.net.au Join Jon Lamb and Ashley Walsh for South Australias top rating talkback gardening program every Saturday morning 8.30 -10 am.
11-12 South Australian Regional Orchid Council Annual Fair (Sat 12noon5pm, Sun 10am-4pm) Wyatt Hall, Pulteney Grammar School, 190 South Tce, Adelaide. 19-25 Gawler & Districts Orchid Club Display and Trading Table, Golden Grove Village Shopping Centre, The Golden Way, Golden Grove, normal shopping hours. JULY 9 -10 South Australian Orchidaceous Soc Mid Year Show (Sat 12noon-5pm, Sun 10am-4pm), Klemzig Community Band Hall, 7 OG Rd, Klemzig . 9-10 Orchid Club of South Australia, Enfield Community Centre, 540 Regency Rd, Enfield. 9-16 Cymbidium Orchid Club of SA Winter Show, Munno Para Shopping City, 600 Main North Rd, Smithfield, normal shopping hours. 24-30 Gawler & Districts Orchid Club Winter Show, Elizabeth Shopping Centre, 50 Elizabeth Way, Elizabeth, normal shopping hours 24-30 South Coast Orchid Club of SA, Londsdale Hwy, Hallett Cove, normal shopping hours. AUGUST 4-7 South Coast Orchid Club of SA, RSL Hall, Coral Street, Victor Harbor, Aug 4 - 12noon-4pm / Aug 5 & 6 - 10am-4pm / Aug 7 - 10am-3pm. 7-13 South Australian Orchidaceous Soc Winter Show, Newton Village Shopping Centre, cnr Montacute & Stradbroke Rds, Newton, normal shopping hours. 14-20 North Eastern Districts Orchid Society, Ingle Farm Shopping Centre, cnr
QUIZ TIME
DO YOU KNOW? (Answers at the bottom of the page)
Compiled by Ashley Walsh who presents the 891 ABC Adelaide Toughest Quiz in Town on weekends, Saturday 10.30 am. 3. Where in South Australia would you find the Museum of Economic Botany? 4. What is the common name for the plant Digitalis? 5. According to Mark Twain, which vegetable was nothing but a cabbage with a college education?
1. Allium Cepa is the botanic name for which common vegetable? 2. What are the four herbs mentioned in the Simon and Garfunkel song Scarborough Fair?
Dig through our past!

Searchable copies of all back issues of SA Garden & Outdoor Living are available online
62 GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / WINTER 2011 1. Onion / 2. Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme / 3. Adelaide Botanic Garden / 4. Foxglove / 5. Cauliflower
Quiz answers
TRADE DIRECTORY
Nursery and Garden Industry SA members

www.ngisa.com.au
Akers Of Lawn Augusta Garden Centre Barossa Mitre 10 Barossa Nursery Barrow and Bench, Malvern Barrow and Bench, Glenunga Cleveland Nursery Conboys Nurseries Pty Ltd Corporate Roses Pty Ltd Daisy Patch Nursery Garden Grove Supplies Glynde Mitre 10 Solutions Heynes Garden Centre Hutchisons Nursery Kallinyalla Nurseries Littlehampton Nursery Mr Bs Garden Care Manor Nurseries Morgan Park Garden Centre McCourts Garden Centre Misty Creek Garden Centre Munns And More Munns Instant Lawn 578 States Rd, Onkaparinga Hills Lot 102 Stuart Highway, Pt Augusta 7 Gawler Street, Nuriootpa Barossa Valley Way, Nuriootpa 321 Unley Rd, Malvern 499 Portrush Rd, Glenunga 91 Mt Barker Rd, Stirling Millicent Rd, Mount Gambier 81 Main South Rd, Myponga 1 George Tce, Coonalpyn 1150 Golden Grove Rd, Golden Grove 8 Glynburn Rd, Hectorville 283 The Parade, Beulah Park 72 Stewart Tce, Naracoorte 10 Shaen Street, Port Lincoln 67 Main Rd, Littlehampton 22 Goodwin Court, Para Hills The Old Mill, Oakbank 66 Welch Rd, Victor Harbor 48 Davenport St, Millicent 9 Victoria Crescent, Mt Barker 700 South Rd, Glandore 356 Brighton Rd, Hove 8326 3255 8642 4022 8568 6005 8562 2288 8272 8566 8379 9866 8339 1595 8725 3301 8558 6055 8571 1172 8251 1111 8337 2344 8332 2933 8762 3566 8682 2725 8391 0022 8281 1808 8389 7744 8552 7866 8733 4566 8391 5329 8297 7277 8298 0555 Newmans Nursery and The Topiary Caf Norwood Garden Centre Perrys Fruit & Nut Nursery Plant Growers of Sunraysia Protea World Semaphore Garden Shop State Flora Belair The Conservatory Garden and Home The Earth Works The Flower Garden (SA) The Oasis Nursery & Giftware The Plant People SA Vadoulis Garden Centre Valley Nursery Virginia Nursery Wealdview Gardens Fuchsia Nursery Wild Mulberry Garden Centre Yankalilla Landscaping & G/C Yorkreation Garden Centre
Denotes Accredited Garden Centre
North East Rd, Tea Tree Gully 299 Portrush Rd, Norwood Kangarilla Rd, Mclaren Flat 635 Fifteenth St, Mildura Vic Yundi & Victor Harbor Rd, Yundi 119 Semaphore Rd, Semaphore Belair National Park, Belair 80 Unley Rd, Unley Old Sturt Highway, Berri Shakes Rd, Nairne 31 Homburg Tce, Pinnaroo Main Rd, Gumeracha 554 Main North Rd, Gawler Lot 4 Mt Barker Rd, Mount Barker Gawler Rd, Virginia Main Rd, Ashton 117 Park Tce, Bordertown 184 Main Rd, Yankalilla 14 Third St, Minlaton
8264 2661 8431 5644 8383 0268 (03) 5022 0345 8556 0274 8341 5915 8278 7777 8272 9657 8582 3775 8388 6126 8577 8646 8389 1393 8522 3400 8391 1038 8380 9560 8390 1223 8752 2722 8558 2461 8853 2844
Landscape Association of SA members

www.landscapesa.com.au
A Room With A View Garden Design, Maylands, 8362 8442, 0407 676 080 Accent Landscapes, Upper Sturt, 8370 9057, 0416 051 682 Adelaide Garden Design, Inglewood, 8380 5204 Adelaide Innovative Landscaping, Glynde, 8165 0344, 0411 709 301 Airedale Landscapes, Crafers West, 8339 8118, 0438 817 588 Anston Paving Stones, Clayton, Vic, 1300 788 694, Baileys Fertilisers, Camden Park, 9439 1688, 0488 143 252 Barossa Quarries, Angaston, 8564 2227, 0418 839 366 Bellevue Lawn & Garden, Clovelly Park, 8277 9614, 0408 817 971 Beryl Bredon Landscape Design, Kensington, 8361 3702, 0411 694 215 Best Masonry Bricks and Pavers, Kent Town, 1300 076 468, Boral Industries, Ingle Farm Brown 2 Green Garden Design, Henley Beach, 0403 048 100 Cactus Landscaping, Goodwood, 0433 324 602 Caroline Dawes Gardens, Broadview, 8344 6873, 0403 011 866 Carolyn Corletto, Henley Beach South, 8355 2225, 0408 008 011 Cinco Gardens, Mount Barker, 8391 4912, 0403 688 261 City Of Burnside, Glenside, 8366 4252 City of Onkaparinga, Noarlunga Centre 8384 0164, 0423 710 14 Civil Train SA, Dry Creek, 8262 8066 Climate Change Landscape & Design, Flagstaff Hill, 8358 6598, 0433 777 465 Connolly, J, Beaumont, 0422 978 732 Customstone SA, Elizabeth South, 8252 9633, 0408 832 662 David Baptiste Garden Design, North Adelaide, 8267 6633, 0418 845 054 Dig It Landscapes, Thebarton, 8352 6589, 0402 798 571 Distinct Landscaping & Concreting, Campbelltown, 0402 292 307 Exterior Concepts, Highbury,8396 3333, 0412 533 003 Form Landscape Design, Stirling, 8339 7902, 0411 227 582 Garden Art Design, Everard Park, 8371 1522, 0412 147 482 Garden Culture, Mile End, 8234 5945, 0414 234 594 Garden Grove Supplies, Golden Grove, 8251 1111 Gardens at Night, Kent Town, 8362 9522, 0438 565 015 Gardens Australis, West Beach, 8353 0990, 0419 037 345 Gardens for Living, Seaton, 8353 6781, 0422 085 162 GLG Greenlife Group, Clarence Gardens, 8351 4400, 0413 155 981 Great Southern Landscape Supplies, Old Noarlunga, 8327 1800, 0431 612 194 Green Star Design Studio, Dulwich, 0424 148 422 Gullyscapes, Modbury Heights, 8263 2129, 0407 716 386 Gumleaf Gardens, Windsor Gardens, 82611600, 0402 845 928 Hailstone Landscaping, Crafers, 8339 4811, 0418 822 212 Harris & Noonan, North Plympton, 8294 2694, 0438 330 320 Hicks Instant Turf, Para Hills West, 8258 2488 Jeffries, Rosewater East, 8368 3555 Kerrie Griffin-Moore Garden Design, Stirling, 8339 8518, 0417 820 715 Land Sculpture, Greenwith, 8380 5166, 0418 825 257 Landscape Construction Services, Largs North, 8249 9799, 0418 807 101 Landscape Environs, Norwood, 8363 6774, 0419 000 998 Le Capitain Fisheries, Hove, 0413 945 749, 0418 527 120 Metro Pavers, Hillbank, 8252 5873, 0418 847 603 Mr Bs Landscaping & Garden Care, Para Hills, 8281 1808, 0417 806 904 Ms Landscaping, Beverly, 8445 2310, 0415 350 548 Muirhead, A, North Brighton, 8358 1486, 0411 024 680 Munns Instant Lawn, Hove, 8298 0555 Nangare Design, Crafers, 8339 2284, 0411 267 841 Neighbour Labour New Landscapes, Kent Town, 8362 0129, 0419 627 372 Netafim Australia, North Adelaide, 8267 4222, 0407 501 527 New Eden Garden Design, Mitcham, 0408 836 886 Newtons Landscaping & Building Supplies, Newton, 8415 7706 Outside Ideas, Adelaide, 8359 2276, 0416 049 930 Paul Jackson Gardens, Stepney, 8265 4968, 0413 008 439 Peats Soils & Garden Supplies, Willunga, 8556 5295, 0419 310 441 Piccadilly Landscapes, Fullarton, 8364 3144, 0412 818 967 Plantmark, Dry Creek, 8258 5000, 0409 544 033 Pro Ag Consulting, Norwood, 8332 0199, 0417 925 824 Reece Irrigation, Adelaide, 8231 2888 Riverland Creative Gardens, Loxton, 8584 4883, 0417 859 232 Somerset Landscaping, Edwardstown, 8297 7295, 0418 830 906 Summit Projects & Construction, Stirling, 8390 0148, 0411 709 302 Susan Steer Garden Design, Summertown, 8390 3491, 0427 241 247 TAFE Horticultural Centre, Netherby, 8372 6800, 0412 199 377 Tookoo Landscape Design, Greenock, 8562 8365, 0403 834 420 Top Cat Landscaping Services, Mawson Lakes, 8260 5569, 0412 445 732 Visual Landscape Gardening, Surrey Downs, 8251 5239, 0417 863 159 Waterpro, Stepney, 8363 6050, 0407 546 660 Wax Design, Rose Park, 8463 0886, 0403 951 845 Wholesale Plants & Products, Dry Creek, 8262 7787, 0412 698 881 Wilson & Co Landscaping, Wingfield, 8359 1997, 0403 333 767 WJB Sustainable Landscapes, Roseworthy, 8524 8501, 0428 877 558 World of Pebble & Chips, Salisbury Down, 0410 124 942 Your Plant Source, Munno Para Downs, 0414 749 917

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SAs OWN GARDENING AND LANDSCAPING MAGAZINE

GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING

HOW WE PRODUCE OUR

Jeffries Organic Compost p

COMPOST, SOIL & MULCH PRODUCTS

Jeffries Special Soil

Jeffries Hydrocell Soil $

full details and stockists phone 8368 3556

GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING

Newplants Newproducts GardeningbooksandDVDs Whatson Calendar of SA gardening events

Landscape Association of South Australia Inc.

Nursery & Garden Industry South Australia Inc

Strawberry A fields forever!

Alinta with cream

Explore United N urseries

and watch your garden grow

GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / WINTER 2011 5

IMAGE BOUND / UNRS_ 4885

COTTAGE GARDENS Australian style

Grevillea Bronze Rambler

South Australias oldest garden centre

Royal Cape plumbago

283-289 The Parade, Beulah Park

Extensive range of plants and garden products.

Photos: State Flora

Brachyscome multifida var dilitata

Wanted: SAs best native gardens

information: Entry forms and guidelines are available at www.environment.sa.gov.au/ sustainablelandscapes

Natives are winter winners

Iceland poppies in cheerful yellow, oranges, pinks and whites

Warm colours for cold winters

Cordyline Midnight Star

Echeveria Black Prince

A simple mural is a convenient source of colour

GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / WINTER 2011 13

Pansies (above) and Euphorbia Wulfenii (inset)

Where to find us?

Local expertise a great drawcard for garden centres

Melissa Waters: nothing beats local knowledge

Indoor plant pests

Container plants add inside colour

Perennials make a comeback

Gaura - worth growing

Want yours by snail mail?

SA Garden & Outdoor Living, 31 King Street, Norwood SA 5067

(08) 8362 5417

Whyalla 8645 7966 Yankalilla 8558 2461

Whats new at your garden centre

Petunia bumble bee

Flower Carpet Pink Splash

Flavor Rouge plum

18 GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / WINTER 2011

Hakea Stockdale Sensation

Princess Alexandra of Kent

Spring Satin Plumcot

GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / WINTER 2011 19

Taste the seasons

Taste the seasons

Kane Pollard with his rhubarb and yoghurt cake

information: How to grow rhubarb and onions. NEXT PAGE

Getting up close with onions

22 GARDEN & OUTDOOR LIVING / WINTER 2011

Newplants Newproducts GardeningbooksandDVDs Whatson Calendar of SA gardening events