C.

IVLII CAESARIS

Commentarii De Bello Gallico

Ex Libris I, IV, V Discipvlis Legenda Edidit Hans H. rberg

LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY

ABBREVIATIONS abl ablative acc accusative adj adjective adv adverb comp comparative conj conjunctive dat dative f feminine fut future gen genitive ger gerund indecl indeclinable inf innitive m masculine n neuter pass passive perf perfect pl plural prp preposition sg singular subj subjunctive sup superlative

Missing words can be found in Latin-English Vocabulary I, the vocabulary for Lingva Latina per se Illvstrata, Pars I: Familia Romana.
A Document typeset with L TEX based on the PDF document available at http://focusbookstore. com/LLdownloads.aspx, with minor changes.

A ab/ (mlibus passuum) ab-dere -didisse -ditum ab-esse: nn multum abest qun +subj abies -etis f ab-sistere abs-tinre ac see atque ac-cdere accdit (quod/ut) accersere -visse -tum cturius -a -um (nvis) ad (: fer) ad-aequre ad-dcere in cnsutdinem a. adductus +abl ad-e ad-haerre -sisse -sum ad-hibre ad-hortr ad-igere -gisse -ctum ad-ipsc -eptum aditus -s m aditor -ris m ad-ministrre ad-mittere equ admiss ad-modum adv ad-monre ad-orr adventus -s m adversus -a -um: advers nocte in adversum s ad-vertere: animum a. ad-volre aedicium - n aegr adv, sup aegerrim aequre aequus -a -um aes aeris n aestus -s m af-ctre af-gere -xisse -ctum af-fore fut inf = af-futrum esse < ad- esse fricus - m ager agr m agere (cum, inter s) agger -is m ag-gred -ior -gressum ag-gregre, s alacer -cris -cre alacrits -tis f alere -uisse altum

at a distance of hide little is wanting (but) that r stop, refrain abstain (from) be added moreover fetch fast-moving (with sails and oars) about, approximately come up to, equal bring, lead accustom prompted, impelled so (very), to such an extent cling, stick bring in, summon encourage, urge on drive, hurl obtain, win access, coming helper, supporter perform, organize admit, allow, give rein at a gallop very much, greatly, quite, no less than advise, urge attack, assault approach, arrival in the face of night straight in the face notice rush building, farmhouse hardly, with diculty make equal (locus) level, even; fair, just copper, bronze tide, current shatter strike, shatter would be present south-west wind territory, country talk, discuss earthwork, ramp attack join, follow eager, keen eagerness, zeal feed, nourish, support

alinus -a -um ali-quam-di adv ali-qu = aliquis alius ali ex nv altitd -inis f amb -ae - ammentum - n amplitd -inis f amplius adv amplus -a -um anceps -cipitis adj ancora -ae f angulus - m angustiae -rum f pl angustius adv comp animus: in a. est +dat a.um advertere a. caus anntinus -a -um nser -eris m ante adv ante-cdere ante-currere antecursrs -um m pl ante-ferre ante-pnere apertus -a -um ap-pellere -pulisse -pulsum aptus -a -um (ad) aqua -ae f aqur aquti -nis f aquili-fer -fer m arbiter -tr m rdre -sisse argilla -ae f ridus -a -um armmenta -rum n pl armre armt -rum m pl ar-ripere -i -uisse -reptum ascnsus -s m a-scscere -visse -tum asper -era -erum as-su-facere atque/ac: (pr) a. (aliter) a. contr a. at-texere -uisse -xtum at-tingere -tigisse -tctum at-tribuere -uisse -tum auctor -ris m a. esse auctrits -tis f audcter adv

unfavorable for some time someone one from one ship and one from another height, depth both thong size, extent more large, great undecided anchor angle, corner narrowness, pass, narrow passage closer together; more scantily have in mind, intend notice for pleasure of last year goose previously, beforehand, above go before, precede run before vanguard prefer place before/above uncovered, exposed drive to; pass (of ships) put in, sail (to) tted (for) water, water-clock (to measure time) fetch water fetching of water standard-bearer assessor, umpire burn, be inamed clay dry; n dry land rigging equip, rig armed men seize, grab ascent, way of ascending admit hard, severe accustom as than contrary to weave on adjoin, reach assign one who advocates, supporter, adviser propose authority, prestige boldly

audti -nis f aurga -ae m auxilir auxilium: dat auxili (venre/mittere) -vertere versus avus - m B balteus - m bellre bellicsus -a -um benevolns -entis adj benevolentia -ae f bduum - n biennium - n bi-pertt adv bonits -tis f brevirium - n brevits -tis f brma -ae f C cadere cecidisse caeruleus -a -um caespes -itis m calamits -tis f capere (locum) cnsilium c. captvus - m captus -s m caput (uvi) capita pl carrus - m casa -ae f castellum - n csus -s m cs causa -ae f celerits -tis f cnsus -s m centuria -ae f centuri -nis m certirem facere pass certior er cibria -rum n pl circu(m)-re circu-itus -s m circum-cdere circum-mittere circum-sistere -stetisse circum-spicere circum-venre cis prp +acc cittus -a -um citerior -ius citus -a -um

hearsay, report charioteer give help to the assistance (of) turn away, divert with the back turned grandfather

baldric wage war warlike friendly goodwill two days two years in two parts good quality abstract, summary shortness winter solstice

adv cit, sup citissim cvits -tis f clds -is f clam adv clmitre clrus -a -um clins -entis m coct +gen co-emere cgere cogisse coctum cognitus -a -um co-hortr col-laudre col-ligre col-ligere -lgisse -lctum s colligere col-locre comb-rere -ussisse -ustum com-mere commetus -s m

fall (in battle), be killed blue turf disaster, defeat reach form a plan, make a decision prisoner of war capacity, notion mouth individuals waggon cottage, hut fort, stronghold chance, accident, fortune accidentally situation speed, swiftness census century (unit of up to 100 soldiers, 1/6 of a cohort) centurion (ocer commanding a century) inform be informed, learn food, provisions go round circumference cut out send round gather round, surround look round (for) surround on the near side of moving quickly nearer quick

fast, quickly state, citizens (of a state) disaster, defeat secretly shout famous; (vx) loud client under compulsion buy bring together, assemble, collect known exhort, encourage praise, commend tie up, x together collect recover put, place, station, set up burn come and go, travel supplies, provisions; passage, convoy com-mendre entrust, commit commentrius - m record comminus adv at close quarters com-mittere commit, do proelium c. join battle +dat entrust commodum - n advantage, convenience; commod +gen without inconveniencing commodus -a -um convenient, advantageous adv - readily, easily com-movre trouble, frighten commnicre (cum) communicate, discuss, consult com-mnre fortify com-mtre change commtti -nis f change com-parre prepare, provide com-pellere -pulisse -pulsum drive (together) comperre -erisse -ertum nd out, learn, be told com-portre carry, bring (together) com-prehendere catch hold of, seize, arrest ignem c. catch re cntus -s m eort, attempt con-cdere give in, yield, concede, allow con-cidere -disse fall down con-cdere -disse -sum cut down, kill concilium - n assembly, public meeting con-citre incite, stir up con-clmre shout, cry out con-currere hurry together concursre run to and fro con-cursus -s m gathering, concourse, running about; (nvium) collision con-dere -didisse -ditum found ab urbe condit from the founding of the city condici -nis f condition, terms, (legal) position con-dcere hire cn-fectus -a -um +abl worn out, exhausted

cn-ferre con-tulisse col-ltum s cnferre cnfertus -a -um cnfestim adv cn-fdere -fsum esse +acc +inf cn-fnium - n cn-frmre +acc +inf cn-agrre cnctre cn-gere -xisse -ctum cnuns -entis m cn-uere con-gred -ior -gressum con-icere -i -icisse -iectum in fugam c. in vincula c. culpam c. in con-irti -nis f con-qurere cnsanguineus -a -um cn-scrbere cnsectr cn-sentre cn-sequ cn-sdere cnsilium - n

bring together, collect go, resort close, in close order at once trust, have condence in be sure boundary establish, secure, strengthen conrm be destroyed by re strike, harass clash conuence ow together, meet meet throw put to ight put in chains lay the blame on conspiracy, plot search out related; m relative, kinsman write; (mlits) enlist, enrol pursue, hunt down be in agreement, agree follow, reach, acquire, gain, win take up a position, encamp, settle deliberation, decision, intention, judgement, discretion; council (of war) similar, like halt, stop, take ones stand before the eyes of

con-tendere contenti -nis f con-testr continns -entis adj continns -entis f (abl -) continenter adv con-tinre con-tingere -tigisse -tctum continuus -a -um cnti -nis f contr atque con-trahere (nvs) contrversia -ae f contumlia -ae f convallis -is f con-venre +acc conventus -s m co-orr cpia -ae f cpiae -rum f pl cpisus -a -um cram adv cotdinus -a -um crtis -is f crber -bra -brum, sup -errimus crucitus -s m culpa -ae f cultra -ae f cultus -s m cnctr crre +acc +ger cursus -s m cstdia -ae f

make an eort, strive, hasten, contend, ght conict, contention call to witness uninterrupted continent continuously keep together, keep, conne, limit touch, be in contact with continuous, successive assembly, parade contrary to draw together, gather, reduce in size, contract dispute indignity, aront narrow valley meet meeting, assize arise, break out supply forces, troops rich before his own eyes daily wickerwork close together, frequent torture blame, fault cultivation standard of living, civilization linger, hesitate undertake, have (something done) running, speed, passage guard

cn-similis -e cn-sistere -stitisse cnspectus -s m: in cnspect +gen cn-spicr catch sight of, see cnstre: cnstat +acc +inf it is apparent, it is plain cnstpre, s crowd together cn-stituere place, locate; appoint cn-sur- = cn-suver-, -suvrcn-suss- = cn-svisscn-suscere -visse become accustomed, accustom oneself perf cn-suvisse be accustomed /used (to), be in the habit of; usually (do) cnsutd -inis f usage, habit, practice, custom cnsul -is m consul cn-sulere -uisse -sultum consult, deliberate +dat consult the interests of, show consideration for cnsultre deliberate, debate cnsult adv deliberately cn-surgere stand up, rise contabulre cover with boards, equip with oors contempti -nis f scorn, contempt

D d (III vigili) starting with, at d-cdere go away, retire decem et oct eighteen d-cernere -crvisse -crtum decide, decree d-certre ght it out, ght to a nish dclvis -e sloping decuria -ae f squad of ten cavalrymen decuri -nis m ocer commanding a decuria decus -oris n honor d-decus -oris n disgrace d-dere (s) give up, surrender dditcius -a -um having surrendered dditi -nis f surrender d-dcere lead away, remove, conduct, (nvem) launch dfecti -nis f defection, revolt dfnsor -ris m defender d-ferre bring, carry, report d-fessus -a -um worn out d-fetgre exhaust, wear out

d-cere -i -fcisse -fectum d-fgere d-uere d-frmis -e d-icere -i -icisse -iectum deinceps adv d-lberre d-ligre d-ligere -lgisse -lctum d-litscere -tuisse d-mns -entis adj dmentia -ae f dmere -mpsisse -mptum d-metere -messum d-migrre d-mittere, s d-mnstrre dnsus -a -um d-perre d-pnere d-populr/-re d-precr dprector -ris m d-prehendere dsertus -a -um dscendere ad (cnsilium) dsderre +acc +inf d-sistere -stitisse +abl dsprti -nis f d-stringere -strnxisse -strictum dtrmentum - n d-turbre d-vehere dis - m/f in dis dif-ferre dif-ferre dis-tulisse d-ltum dicults -tis f dif-fdere dignits -tis f d-idicre dmicre dmidium - n d. minor d-mittere

run short, fail, revolt, defect x, plant ow misshapen, ugly throw down, divert, (sp) disappoint in succession, in turn deliberate, consider tie, fasten choose, pick out hide, go into hiding mad, insane madness, insanity take away, remove mow go away, move go down, descend indicate, point out, explain, describe thick perish, be lost lay down, put, place, abandon sack, plunder beg relief, plead for one who pleads for someone, intercessor seize, intercept deserted resort to want, require; pass be missing cease from despair (gladium) draw harm, loss dislodge convey, transport (xed) day, time day by day dier, be dierent scatter, disperse diculty have no condence in, distrust dignity settle, decide ght half half as big send o (in dierent directions); give up control of, abandon; let go rich, wealthy give up arms departure training, discipline scatter

dis-pr -paris adj unequal di-spergere -sisse -sum scatter dis-pnere distribute, post, station dis-putre argue, debate disputti -nis f discussion, debate, dispute dissnsi -nis f disagreement, dissension dis-sentre disagree dis-simulre conceal, dissemble dis-tribuere distribute dis-tul- < dif-ferre dtissimus -a -um sup < ds dtis ditinus -a -um lasting, prolonged docre +acc +inf tell, inform, declare dolus - m deceit, guile, trickery domre -uisse -itum tame, subdue domesticus -a -um domestic, internal dubitre waver, hesitate dubitti -nis f doubt dcere +acc +inf consider dum conj +subj until duodn -ae -a twelve each duplex -icis adj double duplicre double drus -a -um hard, severe E e adv -dcere ef-fminre ef-ferre ex-tulisse -ltum eerr (victri) ef-fugere +acc -gred -ior -gressum gressus -s m -icere -i -icisse -iectum s icere eius-mod -lb -lpsum -licere -i -uisse -itum -mittere e +comp e adv e quod e ut e-dem adv ephippitus -a -um ephippium - n epistola -ae f eques (Rmnus) equester -tris -tre errre (= fall) rupti -nis f essedrius - m essedum - n -vellere -venre ventus -s m

ds dtis adj (= dves), sup dtissimus dis-cdere ab arms dis-cessus -s m disciplna -ae f dis-icere -i -icisse -iectum

that way lead out unman, enervate carry out be elated, exult escape from go out going out, ( nvibus) disembarcation, landing throw out, turn out rush out of that kind, such slip out, manage to get out entice, lure out send out, let go so much (the more/ less) for that reason because in order that to the same place, to the same purpose furnished with an ephippium saddle-cloth letter knight, member of the equestrian order cavalrybe mistaken sally, sortie ghter in a war-chariot war-chariot tear out, pull out turn out, happen outcome, event

-vocre ex-agitre exminre ex-animre ex-cdere (+abl) ex-cipere ex-citre ex-cldere -sisse -sum exemplum - n exercitre exercitti -nis f exiguits -tis f exstimti -nis f expedti -nis f ex-pedtus -a -um ex-pellere -pulisse -pulsum (+abl) ex-perr -pertum ex-pire ex-plrre explrtor -ris m explrtus -a -um ex-pnere ex-portre ex-sistere -stitisse ex-stre ex-stinguere -stnxisse -stnctum ex-trahere extrmus -a -um ad extrmum ex-uere -uisse -tum ex-rere -ussisse -ustum F fact supine II : optimum f. facults -tis f fgus - f falx -cis f familiris -is m/f familirits -tis f fs n indecl femur -oris/-inis n ferrmenta -rum n pl ferre: ut fert illrum opni ferv-facere fervfactus fervns -entis adj cta -rum n pl ds -e f

call out, summon stir up, harass weigh kill go out, go away, leave follow after, succeed build, erect shut out, exclude, prevent precedent, model train, exercise exercise, training smallness, scantiness opinion, judgement raid, expedition ready for action, moving easily; easy drive out, expel, banish try, attempt make amends, atone for investigate, explore scout, spy secured, certain put out, put on shore, land; expose, display carry out, take away emerge, arise project, stand out extinguish, wipe out protract, spend (time) outermost, hindmost, last nally deprive destroy by re

fnitimus -a -um (+dat) frmus -a -um (adv -iter) amma -ae f tus -s m rre fore fut inf < esse/er fortitd -inis f fortnae -rum f pl fremitus -s m frequns quam freqentissim frmentr frmentrius -a -um rs f.a fuga -ae f fugitvus - m fmus - m funda -ae f fundere fdisse fsum: (proeli) f. fnis -is m fsilis -e G gallna -ae f gaudre gavsum genus -eris n gerere gessisse gestum rs gesta glns -andis f grtia -ae f grtulr grtulti -nis f gravits -tis f H habre magn h. in hostium numer h. hberna -rum n pl hiemre historia -ae f hc abl +comp: hc facilius honestus -a -um hons -ris m horridus -a -um hospitium - n hmnits -tis f hmnus -a -um humilis -e humilits -tis f I iaculum - n ictus -s m idcirc adv ignbilis -e ignscere +dat

bordering, neighboring; m pl neighboring people strong, rm, steady ame, re weeping bloom, ourish would be, would happen bravery property roar, growl numerous in the greatest possible number gather corn, forage corn-, corn-producing corn-supply in fugam dare, put to ight runaway, fugitive smoke sling rout rope molten, fusible

hen be glad, rejoice stock, descent carry on, perform, do action, event, achievement acorn, acorn-shaped missile favor, popularity congratulate congratulation heaviness, weight, importance

gra -ae f fns -ium m pl ngere fnxisse ctum cta n pl fnre

the best to be done possibility, opportunity beech-tree sickle-like hook tted on a long pole, siege-hook close friend close friendship right, proper thigh iron tools as far as their opinion goes heat red-hot, incandescent red-hot made-up stories trust, guarantee, promise, protection, credibility, allegiance form, shape land, territory make up, invent made-up stories form the boundary of

regard value highly regard as enemies winter camp pass the winter history so much the more easily honorable esteem, honor rough, horrible tie between host and guest, hospitable relations civilization civilized humble lowness, lowliness

throwing-spear, javelin stroke, impact for that reason, therefore not well known, obscure forgive

il-lt- < n-ferre ill adv illstris -e immnis -e im-mittere impedmenta -rum n pl impedmentum - n impedre impedtus -a -um im-pellere -pulisse -pulsum im-pendre impnsus -a -um imperre +acc (+dat) impertum - n im-pertus -a -um (+gen) impetrre impetus -s m im-portre im-prvsus -a -um: d - im-prdns -entis adj imprdentia -ae f impulsus -s m innis -e in-cendere -disse -cnsum incendium - n in-citre in-cognitus -a -um in-colere in-commodus -a -um, adv incommod incommodum - n in-crdibilis -e in-currere incursi -nis f in-dcere -xisse -ductum indtiae -rum f pl in-ers -ertis adj n-ferre in-tulisse il-ltum signa . bellum . (+dat) n-cere -i -fcisse -fectum n-fntus -a -um nfrmits -tis f n-frmus -a -um n-ectere nfr adv in-gred -ior -gressum in-icere -i -icisse -iectum +dat in-quus -a -um in-re cnsilium i. in-iuss +gen

to that place, to that end clear, lucid vast, tremendous throw, hurl baggage hindrance encumber, hinder, impede hindered from moving freely, encumbered impel overhang, tower excessive rule, hold power order, levy, requisition command, order ignorant (of) obtain (by request) impulse, onset import unexpectedly, without warning ignorant, unaware ignorance, unawareness, imprudence impulse, instigation empty set on re re, conagration cause to move fast, urge on, spur on, impel unknown dwell, live inconvenient harm, disadvantage, misfortune, setback incredible rush in, charge inroad, raid lead, induce, prompt armistice inactive, lazy, idle cause, inict advance to the attack make war (on) dye innite, great weakness (of character), unreliability weak bend below, further down enter, get in throw in instil, inspire (with) uneven, unfavorable enter on, begin form a plan without orders

in-opnns -antis adj n-scius -a -um n-sequ nsidiae -rum f pl nsigne -is n nsignis -e n-sinure, s n-sistere -stitisse n-stabilis -e n-stre n-stituere -uisse -tum nstittum - n nstruere -xisse -ctum nstrmentum - n n-sufacere integer -gra -grum inter-cdere inter-cipere -i -cpisse -ceptum inter-cldere -sisse -sum inter-dcere inter-di adv inter-esse +dat interior -ius inter-re interitus -s m inter-mittere (tempore) intermiss inter-pnere dem i. interpres -etis m intervllum - n intro-re introitus -s m intr-rumpere intus adv in-sittus -a -um in-tilis -e inveterscere -rvisse in-vicem in-vtre invtus -a -um e invt ir-rumpere ita: nn +adj iter itineris n magns itineribus idicre idicium - n iugum - n sub i. mittere imentum - n irre -ius adv comp

unprepared unaware follow closely, pursue ambush, plot, treachery distinctive mark conspicuous, sensational make ones way in stand, take ones stand unsteady press on, attack put up, set up, institute, start on, instruct custom, institution build, equip equipment accustom fresh come in between, be interposed cut o, intercept cut o, stop forbid by day take part in interior, inner; m pl peoples of the interior perish, die, be killed death interrupt, leave o, leave (unused), miss after a lapse of put between, insert, interpose pledge ones word intermediary, interpreter interval, distance come inside, enter entrance break in inside unusual, unfamiliar useless become old, become established in their turn urge, invite unwilling, against ones wishes against his will break in not very route, march, days march by forced marches judge, decide, consider judgement, decision yoke; (montis) ridge send under the yoke (humiliating defeated army) beast of burden, draughtanimal (horse, mule) swear too

is irandum istitia -ae f L lb lpsum labrre labrisus -a -um lacessere laetti -nis f lapis -idis m largti -nis f lassitd -inis f lassus -a -um lt adv, comp ltius, sup ltissim long ltque ltitd -inis f lgti -nis f lgtus - m lnis -e, adv comp lnius lnits -tis f lepus -oris m levre +abl levis -e levits -tis f lberlis -e, adv lberliter ligre lignr lignti -nis f ligntor -ris m linter -tris m ls ltis f litterae pblicae locus - m obsidum loc long adv longinquus -a -um longitd -inis f longius adv comp lrca -ae f lx lcis f prma lx M magn habre magnitd -inis f magnopere mirs -um m pl m. nt mandre s fugae m. mandtum - n manre mnsisse manus -s f mans dare matara -ae f mteria -ae f

oath justice

lapse, fall into error be distressed, be in trouble hard, laborious challenge, provoke rejoicing stone largesse, bribery weariness weary widely far and wide breadth, width delegation delegate, envoy; sta-ocer, legate slow, gentle, light slowness, gentleness hare free from, relieve of irresponsible, ckle lightness generous, noble fasten, tie collect rewood collecting of rewood one who collects rewood light boat dispute documents, records scope, opportunity; position, rank, status as hostages far; +sup by far far-o, remote; long, prolonged length further, longer cuirass, parapet daylight dawn, daybreak

mtrimnium - n in m. dcere mtrre mtrus -a -um adv mtr, comp mtrius mximam partem adv medr +dat mediocris -e mediterrneus -a -um medius -a -um memoria -ae f memori prdere mnsra -ae f merr (d) merdinus -a -um meritum - n metallum - n mtr mnsum migrre mlia -ium (passuum) n pl miss Caesaris mittere mbilis -e mbilits -tis f moderr molere -uisse -itum mollis -e morr mtus -s m movre, castra multus -a -um: mult di ad multam noctem mnti -nis f mrlis -e: plum mrle N nancsc nactum nti -nis f nt abl ntus -a -um ntus loc/ genere nvlis -e nvigium - n necessri adv necessrius - m neglegere -xisse -ctum negtium - n n-ququam adv nihil adv nbilits -tis f nocre: pass nocr +dat noct adv nocturnus -a -um nmintim nostr gen (< ns) novae rs

marriage marry make haste, hurry premature, early early mostly cure, remedy moderate inland the middle of memory hand down measurement deserve well (of), behave well (towards) of midday benet, service metal measure, measure out, apportion migrate, move (Roman) mile as Caesars envoy send word inconstant, ckle freedom of movement, mobility direct, guide grind (ltus) gentle, open stay, linger, check, delay motion, movement, commotion, insurrection move camp, move forward in broad daylight till late in the night fortication, defense work spear used to defend walls

value highly size, force urgently, greatly ancestors elders, seniors order take to ight, y order, commission remain armed force, troop surrender, give up Gallic throwing-spear wood, timber

get, obtain, acquire people, nation of age born of descent/rank naval, ships vessel, ship of necessity kinsman, relative neglect, omit work, diculty, trouble by no means, not at all in no way, not at all nobility, the aristocracy, the nobles come to harm by night night-, nightly, nocturnal by name, specically of us revolution

novissimus -a -um novits -tis f ndre numerus: n. ad n.um obsidum n. nummus - m sg ntus -s m ad ntum O ob-icere -i -icisse -iectum obiectus +dat ob-re ob-lt- < of-ferre ob-servre obses -idis m/f ob-sidre obsidi -nis f obstrictus -a -um ob-struere -xisse -ctum ob-temperre ob-tinre ob-tul- < of-ferre occsi -nis f occsus -s m occultus -a -um occupre occupti -nis f occuptus -a -um oc-currere of-ferre ob-tulisse ob-ltum ocium - n: in oci omnn adv onerre onerrius -a -um: nvis onerria onus -eris n opnr opni -nis f opportnus -a -um, adv - op-primere -pressisse -pressum oppugnti -nis f opus -eris n opus esse, pl opus sunt rti -nis f rtor -ris m orbis -is m rd -inis m prm rdins

last, hindmost; pl the rear novelty, unfamiliarity lay open, expose in number, in all to make up the number as hostages coinage nod at the nod, instantly

put in front, set before situated opposite to visit, inspect observe, follow hostage besiege, blockade siege, blockade obliged bar, block comply with, obey hold, occupy opportunity (slis) sunset, west hidden, secret seize, occupy preoccupation occupied, busy, engaged encounter, come upon, run into oer, present, expose, deliver loyal altogether, only, at all load cargo vessel burden, load, cargo think, suppose opinion, expectation, reputation convenient, favorable, suitable overpower, overwhelm, crush attack, assault work, eort, defense work (opere mntus) be needed speech, words speaker, envoy circle, ring rank; century (centuria) the 6 centuries of the 1st cohort, their commanders (senior centurions) embellishment declare, point out, explain display

P pbulr pbultor -ris m pcre pctus paenitre +acc +gen pgus - m palam adv pals -dis f pr paris adj parre (preti) partus -a -um +inf pars: qu ex parte trs parts mximam partem adv parvulus -a -um passim adv patns -entis adj patre pat +acc +inf paucits -tis f pecus -oris n (sg/pl) pedester -tris -tre pedittus -s m pellis -is f pendere per prp +acc (licet) per m per-agere per-cipere -i -cpisse -ceptum per-contr percontti -nis f per-currere per-dcere

collect fodder, forage forager pacify, subdue settled, peaceful (cause to) regret, repent district, tribe openly swamp, marsh equal acquire, buy ready to for which reason three quarters mostly small, slight all over the place, in every direction open, accessible extend, stretch allow fewness, small number livestock, cattle pedestrian, infantryinfantry skin, hide pay because of with me, on my part carry out, perform perceive, apprehend

rntus -s m ostendere (verbs) ostentre

make inquiries, question inquiry, questioning run over, run along conduct, extend, prolong, construct perendin di abl the day after tomorrow per-equitre ride around per-exiguus -a -um very small per-facilis -e very easy per-ferre convey, deliver, bring news perdia -ae f faithlessness, treachery per-fringere -frgisse -frctum break through perfuga -ae m deserter, renegade per-fugere take refuge (with the enemy) perfugium - n place of refuge perculum facere make an attempt, try pertus -a -um (+gen) experienced, expert per-legere read through per-manre -mnsisse remain, stay per-mittere permit, commit, entrust per-mulcre -sisse -sum soothe, calm per-pauc -ae -a very few perpetuum: in p. for ever per-rumpere break through per-scrbere write (in full) per-sequ (bell) pursue, press per-sevrre persist

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per-solvere, poens

pay the penalty, suer punishment per-spicere -i -exisse -ectum inspect, discern, see persudre sibi persuade oneself, be convinced persusum mihi est I am convinced pertincia -ae f obstinacy pertinx -cis adj obstinate per-tinre extend p. (ad) tend, relate, pertain (to) per-turbre throw into confusion, discompose perturbti -nis f confusion, disturbance phalanx -ngis f phalanx piets -tis f devotion, sense of duty plus - m century (centuria) pinna -ae f breastwork, parapet pius -a -um devoted, dutiful plnus -a -um level, at plbs -bis f the common people plumbum - n lead p. album tin plrimum sup most of all poens persolvere pay the penalty pondus -eris n weight pnere (arma) lay down spem p. in place ones hopes in positus in dependent on pns pontis m bridge populr ravage, plunder populti -nis f plundering porr moreover poscere poposcisse demand positus -a -um: p. in dependent on posse (plrimum) have power possessi -nis f possession, holding pos-sdere -sdisse take possession of post quam after poste-quam, poste quam after postr-di (eius di) the day after postulre +acc +inf claim postultum - n demand potests -tis f opportunity potesttem facere give a chance, allow potr +abl take possession of, gain control of prae-cdere precede, surpass praeceps -cipitis adj headlong, precipitous praeceptum - n instruction, order prae-cipere -i -cpisse command, order -ceptum praecipitre throw headlong prae-cldere -sisse -sum block praec -nis m crier, herald praeda -ae f booty praedr rob, plunder praedicre proclaim, declare praefectus - m ocer, commander (of cavalry, auxiliary troops)

attach by the end send in advance, send word ahead prae-optre prefer prae-parre prepare beforehand praesns -entis n present in praesns/praesentia for the present praesentia -ae f presence p. anim resolution praesertim adv especially praesidium - n guard, protection, protective force, garrison praesidi dat in defense prae-stre -stitisse full, show, prove +dat be superior praestat it is preferable, it is better praest esse +dat be ready, meet praeter-mittere omit, let slip praeter-quam apart from, except praetor -ris m praetor pr praetre ex-praetor prae-rere burn at the end premere pressisse pressum press, harass, attack pr-di the day before prmus -a -um the front part of, the beginning of prnceps -ipis adj rst, leading prnciptus -s m chief position prstinus -a -um old, former p. dis the day before prius quam before prvtim adv privately pr prp +abl in front of; in relation to, considering, according to; instead of, as pr praetre ex-praetor probre approve of, prove probr +dat be commended by pr-currere run forward pr-dere -didisse -ditum abandon, betray memori p. hand down prd-re go/come forward pr-dcere lead forth; draw out proelir engage in battle, ght profecti -nis f departure pr-cere -i -fcisse -fectum achieve pro-tr -fessum declare, oer pr-uere ow forth, rise pro-fugere run away, y, ee pro-inde accordingly prmissus -a -um (capillus) long pr-nntire proclaim, announce, relate pr-pellere push forward, drive forth, drive away propinquus - m relative propinquits -tis f nearness, proximity pr-pnere put forward, set forth, hold out, oer

prae-cere -i -fcisse -fectum +dat prae-fgere prae-mittere

put in charge of, set over

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proptere adv p. quod pr-pugnre pr-sequ prspectus -s m prosperus -a -um pr-spicere +dat pr-tegere pr-vehere pr-venre pr-vidre pr-vocre proxim adv pulvis -eris m prgre

for that reason, therefore because ght in defense pursue view, sight successful provide for protect carry forth, convey come forth, grow up foresee, provide for provoke, challenge most recently dust clean, purge, excuse

Q qua f (s/n/num qua) any n qua legi so that no legion qu adv by which road, where quae-cumque n pl whatever, anything that quaestor -ris m quaestor (ocer) quam +sup (potest) as as possible q. mximus as large as possible q. plrim as many as possible q. mxim as much as possible quam prmum as soon as possible quam-vs +adj no matter how, however quant +comp tant +comp the more, the more quantus-vs -a- -umhowever big qurta pars fourth part, quarter quer questum complain, protest quibus-cum with whom quic-quam = quidquam qu-cumque quae- quod-/quid-whoever, whatever quis -tis f repose, rest qun conj +subj (but) that qun etiam indeed, in fact quis-piam quae- quodsome qu-vs quae- quodwhatever, any qu +comp +subj so that the more qu adv because quo-ad conj until, as long as qu-minus conj +subj so that not quotis as often as, whenever R rdere -sisse -sum rapidits -tis f rapna -ae f rrus -a -um rati -nis f r.em habre +gen r.em reposcere re-bellre rebelli -nis f recns -entis adj receptus -s m recessus -s m

reciperre re-cipere, s re-csre nn re-csre qun red-igere -gisse -ctum r. in/sub imperium +adj red-integrre rediti -nis f reditus -s m re-ferre rettulisse -ltum pedem r. re-cere -i -fcisse -fectum re-fugere rgnum - m re-gred -ior -gressum re-icere -i -icisse -iectum re-lgre relinquere +dat pass relinqu relinqubtur ut reliquum - n nihil reliqu reliquus -a -um: tempus r. re-migrre remissus -a -um re-mittere re-mollscere re-nntire re-pellere reppulisse -pulsum sp repulsus repentnus -a -um reperre re-petere re-portre re-poscere ratinem r. ab reprehendere re-scindere -scidisse -scissum re-scscere -visse/-iisse re-servre re-sistere -stitisse re-stituere -uisse -tum re-tinre -uisse -tentum rettul- < re-ferre rota -ae f S sagulum - n snus -a -um sarcina -ae f satis habre satis-facere +dat saucius -a -um scalae -rum f pl scapha -ae f scindere scrptor -ris m

recover, regain retire, (ex fug/timre) recover object to, reject not hesitate to drive back bring under the power (of) make, render restore, renew return return bring back, carry back, report go back, withdraw restore, repair run away, recoil kingship, kingdom retreat throw back, drive back, repulse banish leave, allow be left, remain add to this that what is left nothing left future move back, return mild, moderate relax become soft report (back) repel, repulse disappointed in ones hopes sudden nd out, discover request again bring back, carry back claim call to account censure break down, demolish get to know, learn reserve resist set up again, rebuild, restore, give back detain wheel

shave rapidity plunder sparse, scattered account, register, transaction, system pay regard to demand an account revolt, rebel rising, revolt fresh, recent retreat retreat

soldiers cloak sane, sensible pack, soldiers kit be content (with) give satisfaction, make amends, satisfy wounded ladder light boat, ski tear apart, demolish writer, author

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sds -is f smentis -is f smita -ae f sentor -ris m sentus -s m sentre snsisse snsum sparre spartim adv spartus -a -um sepelre -visse -ultum sepultra -ae f sr adv servre servre +dat ses-centsimus -a -um siccits -tis f sc-ut conj signa nferre signicti -nis f silvestris -e simul conj (= simul atque) simulre simulti -nis f simults -tis f singilltim adv singulris -e socer -er m socius - m slitd -inis f sollicitre solvere (nvs) spatium - n specis - f in s.em spectre ad specultor -ris m specultrius -a -um sponte, su stabilis -e stabilits -tis f stre stetisse stati -nis f statuere -uisse -tum +acc +inf stipendium - n strmentum - n sub-dcere sub-ducti -nis f sub-esse sub-fodere -i -fdisse -fossum sub-icere -i -icisse -iectum (+dat) sub-iectus -a -um sub-re sublt- < tollere

seat, homeland sowing path, track senator senate feel, realize separate separately separate bury burial late, too late watch, keep, maintain be guided by, go by 600th dryness, drought as, just as, just as if launch an attack sign, indication wooded as soon as pretend pretence animosity, quarrel one by one, singly single, one at a time, singular, unique father-in-law ally loneliness incite cast o, set sail area, space, distance, interval, time look, semblance in semblance, speciously face, lie towards scout, spy scout-, reconnaissanceof ones own accord, by oneself, alone rm, stable stability stand post, guard, picket decide, judge, consider tax straw draw up, (nvs) haul up, beach hauling up be close stab from below (in the belly) throw from below subject (to) situated below undergo, expose oneself to

sub-ministrre sub-mittere sub-movre sub-sequ subsidium - n (venre/mittere) s. dat sub-sistere sub-venre +dat suc-cdere

supply, furnish send (relief) remove, drive o follow closely reinforcements, reserves, help in support, to the rescue stand rm come to help, give assistance to move up, come close, take the place of, follow suc-cendere -disse -cnsum kindle successus -s m success suc-cdere -disse -sum cut down suc-currere +dat run to help sudis -is f stake su gen (< s) themselves summa -ae f total, whole summa imperi total power, supremacy summus -a -um the top of superre overcome, defeat, win super-esse be left, survive superior -ius higher, upper, earlier, previous, superior sup-petere be available supplex -icis, adv -iciter suppliant supplicti -nis f thanksgiving supr adv above sus-cipere -i -cpisse -ceptum take up, undertake suspicr guess, imagine suspci -nis f suspicion sustentre endure T tlea -ae f tam-ets tangere tantulus -a -um tegere txisse tctum tlum - n temere adv temerits -tis f tm -nis m temperre tempertus -a -um tempests -tis f tenuis -e tergum - n testimnium - n t. esse testd -inis f tolerre tollere sus-tulisse sub-ltum subltus (+abl) tormentum - n torrre -uisse tostum tr-dcere trgula -ae f tr-icere -i -icisse -iectum tr-iectus -s m

bar, ingot even though reach, border on so small cover spear, weapon recklessly, without reason recklessness pole refrain (loca) temperate, mild weather faint, weak terga vertere, turn tail evidence be evidence, demonstrate tortoise, shield-cover bear, endure lift, remove, take away, take on board uplifted catapult scorch bring/lead across spear cross, pierce way across

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tranquillits -tis f trns prp +acc trn-scendere -disse -nsum trns-fgere trns-re trns-missus -s m trns-mittere trns-portre trepidre trepidus -a -um tribnus - m: t. mlitum trduum - n tri-ennium - n trn -ae -a tri-pertt adv triplex -icis adj triquetrus -a -um turma -ae f turris -is f (acc -im, abl -) U ubi conj ubi prmum ulcsc ultum ulterior -ius Gallia (prvincia) u. ultimus -a -um ultr adv ulultus -s m n adv: cum n undique adv n -ae -a nus: ad num (omns) sus -s m sus est su esse ut conj = ut tilis -e tilits -tis f utrque m pl

calm on the other side of cross pierce go over crossing cross carry across be in a panic alarmed military tribune (senior ocer) three days three years three in three parts triple triangular troop (of cavalry) tower, assault/defense tower

when as soon as take revenge on, avenge more distant Transalpine Gaul most distant even, of ones own accord, without any reason howling, yelling together with from all parts/sides only, alone without exception, one and all use, practice it is needed be of use useful utility both parties

V vacre vadum - n vagr vagna -ae f vagus -a -um valre valls -is f vstre vectgal -lis n vectglis -e vectrius -a -um: nvis vectria vehementer adv vnr vnti -nis f venre: ventum est perf pass ventitre vergere verr +dat versre vrus -a -um: vrum est vertum - n vestgium - n in vestgi vesttus -s m vetre -uisse -itum veternus -a -um vitor -ris m vcis adv vcus - m vidr vsum esse s (tibi) vidtur vigiliae -rum f pl vinculum - n -vs: qu-vs, quam-vs, quantus-vs vitrum - n volupts -tis f vulg adv vulgus - n

be empty, be unoccupied ford, shallow wander, roam sheath roaming be strong, have power valley lay waste, devastate tax, toll tax-paying, tributary cargo vessel strongly hunt hunting they have/had come come often, keep coming slope towards, face be anxious about turn this way and that it is fair spear footprint, spot on the spot, at once clothes forbid, prohibit veteran traveller twenty times village seem right if you think t wakefulness, keeping watch bond, fetter -ever, however, no matter how woad (plant), blue dye made from woad leaves pleasure, delight commonly the common people

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