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EXPERIMENT N0: 4
TO STUDY THE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF THEHYDROSTATIC JUMP DEVELOPED IN LAB F L U M E
OBJECTIVES :
To physically achieve the hydraulic jump in lab flume. To measure the physical dimension of hydraulic jump. To calculate the energy losses through hydraulic jump/ To plot the water surface profile of the hydraulic jump for various discharges.
APPARATUS:
S6 Tilting or lab flume with automatic flow arrangement and slop adjusting scale.2. Hook Gauge
RELATED THEORY
HYDRAULIC JUMP :
The rise of water level which takes place due to transformation of super critical flow to the sub critical flow is termed as hydraulic jump. 1 2
Dam yc d1
1 2
d2
In The Figure At Sec-1 D1 < Yc So Super Critical Flow And At Sec-2 D1 < Yc So Sub Critical Flow
W.L Dam yc d1
1 2
hL
d2
d2 =
Case No. 1 ( y2 > d2 )
Strength of jump is the amount of energy dissipated due to structure. Jump is submerged in water so it is a weak jump. 2
U/S
Dam
d2
2
y2
D/S
Case No. 2 ( d2 = y2 )
Strength of jump is the amount of energy dissipated due to structure. Energy dissipated in this jump is more than in Case No. 1 so it has greater strength.
U/S Dam
d2
2
y2
D/S
d2
2
y2 D/S
Depth Of Floor Is Less So It Will Damage The Floor Dangerous . Cause Crossion/Scouvring
NOTE :
so ideal case will be case no. 2 as structure is i. Safe ii. Sufficient energy dissipated If Case No. 2 does not fit accordingly to the conditions then Case No 1 will be use as it has less energy dissipation but it is safe but Case No. 3 will never be adopted as it is unsafe and by adopting this Case will resulting defoliation of the floor
CLASSIFICATION OF H.J:
classification on the basis of U/S frauds number / approach number.
1) FN
1.1-1.2
2) FN
1.7-2.5
Series of small roller develop on the surface of jump but d/s water remain smooth Energy losses low
3) FN
2.5-4.5
Ooscilating hydraulic jump There is oscilating jet emtering the jump bottom to
the surface and back again with no periodicity .
Each oscilation produce a large wave of irregular periodwhich very commonly cannals can travel for miles doing unlimited damages to earth bank and riprags This tYpe of jump is avoided.
4) FN
4.5-9
Steady hydraulic jump Downstream extremety of the surface roller and the point at which the high velocity jet tend to release the Flow occurs at the practically the same vertical section . Jump is well balanced and performance is at best
Energy losses ( 45-70%) 5) FN Strong hydraulic jump In this jump a high velocity jet of water grabs
intermedent slugs of water rolling down the front surface of the jump generating waves downstream and a rough surface can prevail.
Jump action is rough but effective Energy losses may reach 85%
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF HYDRAULIC JUMP
1. 2. To dissipate the energy of water flowing over the hydraulic structure and thus prevent scouring on the downstream side. To recover the head or raise the water level on downstream side of the hydraulic structure and thus to maintain high water level in the channel for irrigation or other water distribution purposes.
D/S U/S
Drain water causing uplift pressure
4.
PROCEDURE:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Fix one particular value of slope. Change the discharge every new reading. Measure the depth of flow at various locations. Measure the horizontal distance at each section. Repeat the same procedure for various discharges. Plot the data in the form of Tables and Graphs.
SR.
Q
m3/sec
q
m3/sec/m 0.0311 0.0389 0.0432 0.0471 0.0541 0.0632
yc
m 0.0462 0.0536 0.0575 0.0610 0.0669 0.0741
LENGTH OF H.J
m/sec 0.248 0.300 0.319 0.288 0.311 0.330 2.874 4.420 2.802 2.915 2.749 2.799 0.224 0.266 0.277 0.228 0.238 0.240
1 2 3 4 5 6
SR #
Q m3/sec x1
HORIZONTAL DISTANCES UP STREAM x2 5.75 5.75 5.93 5.85 5.95 6.15 x3 5.82 5.82 6.05 5.94 6.13 6.3 x1 7.76 7.76 7.85 8.55 8.7 8.9 DOWNS TREAM x2 7.85 7.85 7.95 8.6 8.75 8.95 x3 8 8 8 8.65 8.8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6
COMMENTS :