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This document include a short but compressive detail of 29th December 2009 mineral resource present in Pakistan and also that how it could be used for development of country
Pakist Rabia Muzaf an far Ali natur BEIT-II al resou Roll #37rces and 599 their impor tance in the econo mic uplift of the count ry
Table of content
1)Pakistan 2)What are natural resources 3)natural resources of Pakistan 4)mineral resources 5)electrical resources 6)petroleum resources 7)hydropower resources 8)help in economic up lift
Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Islamabad. 796,096-sq. km. [Punjab 205,344; Sindh 140,914; Northwest Frontier Province 74,521; Balochistan 347,190; Federally Administered Tribal Areas 27,220 and Islamabad (Capital) 906 sq. km.] 130.60 million (1998 Census) 95% Muslims, 5% others US $ 460
Archaeological Sites: Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Taxila, Kot Diji, Mehar Garh, and Takht Bahi Major Cities: Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, Faisalabad and Multan.
Geography
Pakistan has a total area of 803,940 square kilometers, slightly greater than France and the United Kingdom put together. Pakistan is located in South Asia. To the south is the Arabian Sea, with 1,046 km of Pakistani coastline. To Pakistan's east is India, which has a 2,912 km border with Pakistan. To its west is Iran, which has a 909 km border with Pakistan. To Pakistan's northwest lies Afghanistan, with a shared border of 2,430 km. China is towards the northeast and has a 523 km border with Pakistan.
Renewable
Natural Resources of Pakistan 4
Non-renewable resources.
Living resources (fish, reindeer, coffee, and forests, for example), which can restock (renew) themselves if they are not over-harvested but used sustainably. Once renewable resources are consumed at a rate that exceeds their natural rate of replacement, the standing stock (see renewable energy) will diminish and eventually run out. The rate of sustainable use of a renewable resource is determined by the replacement rate and amount of standing stock of that particular resource. Non-living renewable natural resources include soil and water.
Flow renewable resources are very much like renewable resources, only they do not need regeneration, unlike renewable resources. Flow renewable resources include renewable energy sources such as the following renewable power sources:
biotic Abiotic. Biotic resources are derived from living organisms. Abiotic resources are derived from the non-living world (e.g., land, water, and air). Mineral and power resources are also abiotic resources some of which are derived from nature.
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1. Non-renewable resources A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that exists in a fixed amount that cannot be re-made, re-grown or regenerated as fast as it is consumed and used up. Some nonrenewable resources can be renewable but take an extremely long time to renew. Fossil fuels, for example, take millions of years to form and so are not practically considered renewable. Many environmentalists proposed to tax on consumption of non renewable resources.
arable land water hydroelectric potential natural gas reserves land limited petroleum poor quality coal minerals
About 28% of Pakistan's total land area is under cultivation and is watered by one of the largest irrigation systems in the world. Agriculture accounts for about 21% of GDP and employs about 42% of the labor force The most important crops are cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, and vegetables, which together account for more than 75% of the value of total
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crop output. Despite intensive farming practices, Pakistan remains a net food importer. Pakistan exports rice, fish, fruits, and vegetables and imports vegetable oil, wheat, cotton (net importer), pulses, and consumer foods.
The economic importance of agriculture has declined since independence, when its share of GDP was around 53%. Following the poor harvest of 1993, the government introduced agriculture assistance policies, including increased support prices for many agricultural commodities and expanded availability of agricultural credit. From 1993 to 1997, real growth in the agricultural sector averaged 5.7% but declined to less than 2% in 2008. Pakistan has extensive energy resources including fairly sizable natural gas reserves, some proven oil reserves, coal, and large hydropower potential. However, exploitation of energy resources has been slow due to a shortage of capital and domestic and international political constraints. For instance, domestic gas and petroleum production totals only about half the country's energy needs, and dependence on imported oil contributes to Pakistan's persistent trade deficits and shortage of foreign exchange. The government announced that privatization in the oil and gas sector is a priority.
The metallic minerals are inclusive of metals like gold, silver, iron and copper. As far the non-metallic minerals, these include gypsum, limestone, marble china clay, sulphur and soapstone Pakistan is endowed with significant mineral resources and emerging as a very promising area for exploration of mineral deposits. Based on available information, countrys more than 6, 00, 000 sq.kms of outcrop area demonstrates varied geological potential for metallic / non-metallic mineral deposits. Exploration by government agencies as well as by multinational mining companies and various regional geological surveys, conducted in the recent
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past have confirmed the great potential of Pakistan in the metallic minerals like copper, gold, silver, platinum, chromites, iron, lead and zinc. As regards industrial minerals there is a vast potential of multi- coloured granite, marble and other dimensional stones of high quality for export purposes. Currently about 52 minerals are under exploitation although on small scale. The major production is of coal, rock salt, and other industrial and construction minerals. The value addition in the mineral sector is mainly concentrated in five principal minerals, namely, limestone, coal, gypsum, sulphur, crude oil, and natural gas.
The current contribution of mineral sector to the GDP is about 0.5% and likely to increase considerably on the development and commercial exploitation of Saindak & Reco Diq copper deposits, Duddar Zinc lead, Thar coal and Gemstone deposits
Production in metric tons N O 1 2 ANNUAL RESERVE SIZE PRODUCTION (Average) Small Small to Medium 3 4 5 6 NON-METALS - Building & Iron ore Manganese Agglomerate Aragonite/Marble -doSmall Large -do24,322 655 366 497,317
9
35 27,458
N O 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
MINERAL Basalt Building stone Conglomerate Ebry stone Granite Gravel Onyx marble Ordinary stone Sand / Bajri Sandstone Serpentine Slate stone
ANNUAL RESERVE SIZE PRODUCTION (Average) -do-do-doMedium Large -do-do-do-do-do-do-doSmall -do Small to Medium 217 16,011 276 209 5,676 19,684 28,780 1,887 92,670 2,255 4,204 108,182 1,371 19,983 61,403
Clays
Clays * Fire clay Fullers earth Asbestos Barite Bauxite Brine Calcite
N O
DEPOSIT TYPE
MINERAL
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
Celestite Chalk Dolomite Feldspar Flint stone Fluorite Gypsum Lake salt Laterite Limestone Magnesite Millstone Nepheline Syenite Ochres / Red oxides **
838 7,945 276,668 32,012 73 579 384,513 16,035 21,532 8,697,573 4,535 1,257 70 12,780
44 45 46 47 48
49 50 51
N O
DEPOSIT TYPE
MINERAL
52 53 54 55 56
Sulphur Talc stone (Talc) Trona Coal Natural Gas (trillion cubic feet)
527 260 3,446 3,105,715 923,758 (million CFT) 23,195,048 (US barrels) N. A.
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58
Uranium
Argillaceous clay, clay and shale Ochres, red ochres and red oxide Cubic Feet
4 5
Amazonite Azurite
14 Kunzite 15 Kyanite
6 7 8 9
10 Garnet grossular)
No reliable estimates of reserves and production are available. Estimated exports of raw and cut / polished gemstones (mostly emerald, ruby, topaz, aquamarine, peridot and tourmaline) are stated to be in excess of US $ 200.00 million per annum.
Thar coal reserves Thar coal reserves have 175 billion tones of coal, which is equivalent to 618 billion barrels of crude oil recently informed by VC of The University of the Punjab. Following is the list of top 5 oil reserve countries of the world: Country life (yr) Saudi Arabia Canada Iran Iraq Kuwait Reserves (bbl) 260 179 136 115 99 Production/day (mbl) 8.8 2.7 3.9 3.7 2.5 81 182 96 85 108 Reserve
175 billion tons of Thar according to Professor Dr Mujahid Kamran equal 618 billion barrels of crude oil. This is more than twice if we compare it with oil reserves of KSA and equal to total oil reserves of top 4 countries.
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If like KSA, we utilize about 10 million of it per day, it would suffice for more than 200 years. Not to forget other resources that Pakistan have when compared with KSA. For example, we have largest
Under the barren mountains of Balochistan and hot sands of Sindh, there is unlimited amount of oil and gas reserves not touched yet. And still further, we have fertile lands of Punjab, ready to feed a population twice as big as we are now, the best irrigation system (waiting for more water reservoirs to enrich it), and the best quality cotton and rice.
Coal map
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Natural capital
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Natural resources are natural capital converted to commodity inputs to infrastructural capital processes. They include soil, timber, oil, minerals, and other goods taken more or less from the Earth. Both extraction of the basic resource and refining it into a purer, directly usable form, (e.g., metals, refined oils) are generally considered natural-resource activities, even though the latter may not necessarily occur near the former.
A nations natural resources often determine its wealth and status in the world economic system, by determining its political influence in. Developed nations are those which are less dependent on natural resources for wealth, due to their greater reliance on infrastructural capital for production. However, some see a resource curse whereby easily obtainable natural resources could actually hurt the prospects of a national economy by fostering political corruption. Political corruption can negatively impact the national economy because time is spent giving bribes or other economically unproductive acts instead of the generation of generative economic activity. There also tends to be concentrations of ownership over specific plots of land that have proven to yield natural resources.
In recent years, the depletion of natural capital and attempts to move to sustainable development have been a major focus of development agencies. This is of particular concern in rainforest regions, which hold most of the Earths natural biodiversity irreplaceable genetic natural capital. Conservation of natural resources is the major focus of natural capitalism, environmentalism, the ecology movement, and Green Parties. Some view this depletion as a major source of social unrest and conflicts in developing nations.
2000, the government made significant macroeconomic reforms: Privatizing Pakistan's state-subsidized utilities, reforming the banking sector, instituting a world-class anti-money laundering law, cracking down on piracy of intellectual property, and moving to quickly resolving investor disputes. After September 11, 2001, and Pakistan's proclaimed commitment to fighting terror, many international sanctions, particularly those imposed by the United States, were lifted. Pakistan's economic prospects began to increase significantly due to unprecedented inflows of foreign assistance at the end of 2001. This trend is expected to continue through 2009. Foreign exchange reserves and exports grew to record levels after a sharp decline. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) lauded Pakistan for its commitment in meeting lender requirements for a $1.3 billion IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility loan, which it completed in 2004, forgoing the final permitted tranche. The Government of Pakistan has been successful in issuing sovereign bonds, and has issued $600 million in Islamic bonds, putting Pakistan back on the investment map. Pakistan's search for additional foreign direct investment has been hampered by concerns about the security situation, domestic and regional political uncertainties, and questions about judicial transparency. On October 8, 2005 a magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. The epicenter of the earthquake was near Muzaffarabad, the capital of Pakistani-administered Kashmir, and approximately 60 miles northnortheast of Islamabad. An estimated 75,000 people were killed and 2.5 million people were left homeless. The disaster of such a huge magnitude galvanized an international rescue and reconstruction effort in support of the affected region. The earthquake cost Pakistan $1.1 billion in resettling those affected. U.S. assistance has played a key role in moving Pakistan's economy from the brink of collapse to setting record high levels of foreign reserves and exports, dramatically lowering levels of solid debt. Also, despite the earthquake in 2005, GDP growth remained strong at 6.6% in fiscal year 2005-2006. In 2002, the United States led Paris Club efforts to reschedule Pakistan's debt on generous terms, and in April 2003 the United States reduced Pakistan's bilateral official debt by $1 billion. In 2004, approximately $500 million more
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in bilateral debt was granted. Consumer price inflation eased slightly to an average of 8% in 2005-2006 from 9.3% in 2004-2005. Low levels of spending in the social services and high population growth have contributed to persistent poverty and unequal income distribution. Pakistan's extreme poverty and underdevelopment are key concerns, especially in rural areas.
Conclusion
The natural resources of Pakistan are no doubt very important for its economic up lift. Using it properly and economically and together we stand can up lift our country to the best nations of world .It is pedagogical to know that Saudi Arabia only sells about 9 million Barrels of Oil per day. It has the best infrastructure in the world, with a cradle to grave welfare system for its citizens, superb freeways, fantastic hospitals and an infrastructure that is the envy of the world. Pakistans credit crunch in temporary. Once the country gets over the hump in the next few years, it can begin improving its infrastructure which is the best in South Asia even now.
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