Sharda University, Greater Noida

School of Engineering & Technology Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Assignment 2
CSE V Term (Section B)
CMP 002 Introduction to Graph Theory and its Applications in Computer Science Date of Issue: 08.10.2012 Last date of Submission: 15.11.2012

1. List and explain any four daily life situations where graphs are necessary. 2. Show that the following graphs are not isomorphic.

3. Show that every simple graph on n vertices is isomorphic to a subgraph of Kn. 4. Prove that, in any graph, the number of vertices of odd degree is even. 5. Show that if there is a (u, v)-walk in graph G, then there is also a (u, v)-path in G. 6. Show that a graph is bipartitate if and only if it contains no odd cycle. 7. How many possible paths from source to destination in a travelling sales man problem? 8. Prove that, in a tree, any two vertices are connected by a unique path. 9. What are various practical applications of spanning trees? 10. Write the matrix representation of the following graph

11. Define Hailtonian path of a graph. Give an example of it. 12. Show that a nonempty connected graph is Eulerian if and only if it has no vertex of odd degree, 13. Prove that in a critical graph, no vertex cut is a clique. 14. Calculate the cromatic polynomial of the following graph.

15. Prove that, if a graph is embedded in a plane iff it is embeddable in a sphere. 16. Find the minimum distance from vertex 1 to all vertices according to the algorithm by Dijkstra.

17. What is min-cost-flow problem? Write an approximate algorithm for this. 18. What is geometri dual of a graph? Explain by citing an example. 19. There are a number of ways in which a graph can be stored in a computer memory. Explain each of them. Which one among them is best and why.

20. For the following graph find the minimum spanning tree according to: (a) (b) Prims Algorithm Kruskals Algorithm

21. Write nots on the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) Algorithm of primes Kuratowski graphs Four Color Problem Thickness and crossings of a graph.

22. Draw the graph of the Wheatstones brige circuit. 23. Draw all trees of n labeled for n = 1, 3, and 5. 24. What is the edge connectivity of a complete graph of n vertices? 25. Prove that in any vector space the null vector {0}is orthogonal to every vector in space. 26. Prove that the chromatic number of a graph will not exceed by more than one the maximum degree of the vertices in a graph. 27. Write an algorithm to find the minimum distance between two vertices in a weighted graph. 28. Draw all unlebeled rooted trees of n vertices for n =1, 2, 3,4 and 5. 29. Prove that every connected graph with three or more vertices has at least two vertices which are not cut-vertices. 30. Characterize simple, self dual graphs in terms of their circuit and cut-set matrices. 31. Show that a simple graph with n vertices and more than n2/4 edges can not be a bipatite graph. 32. Observe that there can be no path longer than a hamiltonian path (if it exists) in a graph. 33. Show that a path is its own spanning tree.

34. Show that in a non-separable graph G the set of edges incident on each vertex of G is a cut-set. 35. Express the relationship of dualism between two planar, simple graphs in terms of appropriate matrices. 36. Sketch two different ( i.e. nonisomorphic) graphs that have the same chromatic polynomial. 37. If the region of simple planar graph (with n vertices and e edges) embedded in a plane is bounded by k edges, show that e = k(n-2)/(k-2). 38. Prove that the geometric dual of a self loop free nonseparable planar graph is also nonseparable. 39. Similar to the circuit cut-set matrix, define a spanning tree matrix of a connected graph, and observe some of its properties. 40. Show that for a simple disconneced graph of k components, n vertices, and e edges; the rank of the matrices A, B, and C are n-k, e-n-k, and n-k respectively. 41. Let v be a vertex in a connected graph G. Prove that there exists a spanning tree T in G such that the distance of every vertex from v is the same both in G and in T. 42. Suppose that you are required to make o class schedule in a university. There are a total of n courses to be taught in m available hours in a week. There are pairs of courses that cant be taught at the same time because some students might like to take both. Explain how you will make the schedule. State the condition when it will be impossible to make a compactible schedule. ++++++++++++++++++++