41 (B) Science and Technological Development in India

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The policy outlines the approach to S & T governance, optimal

utilisation of existing physical and knowledge resources,
development of innovative technologies, systems and technologies
for mitigation and management of natural hazards, generation and
management of intellectual property and creation of awareness
amongst general masses about the use and benefits of science and
technology.
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The Department of Science and Technology was set up in May 1971 with the
objective of promoting research in new areas and to play the role of a nodal
department for organising, co-ordinating and promoting science and
technology activities in the country.
Research and Development Programmes:
The Department of Science and Technology has been playing a crucial role
in identifying and promoting front-line and priority areas on Research and
Development (R&D) in various disciplines of science and engineering. This
support is provided through (Science and Engineering Research Council
(SERC) an advisory body consisting of eminent scientists and technologists
draw) from academic institutions like IITs, universities, national laboratories
and industry. The Council through its advisory committees, assists the
Department not only in peer reviewing the proposals but also identifies newer
and inter-disciplinary areas of R&D for concerted efforts.
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(The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) was established in

1875). It is the National Meteorological Service and the principal
Government agency in all matters relating to meteor
The IMD has a network of 40 RADARS installed throughout the

country. Under modernisation scheme of RADAR network, one SBand, Doppler Weather Radar Metero 1500S imported from
Germany was installed at Visakhapatnam.ology, seismology and
allied subjects.
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Survey of India (SOI), the national survey and mapping organization

under the Ministry of Science & Technology was set up in 1767).
National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation

While Survey of India meets the national needs in cartography, some
specialised thematic maps required to meet the needs of the specific
users are taken care of by the National Atlas and Thematic Mapping
Organisation (NATMO), operating under the Department.
It also concentrates its attention in a number of areas to integrate
resource maps with other relevant socio-economic data and
represent them in spatial forms, useful for development planning.
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The Department of Science and Technology provides grants-in-aid to

the following 19 autonomous scientific research institutions engaged
in frontier areas of research in basic and applied sciences : (i) Bose
Institute, Kolkata; (ii) Agharkar Research Institute, Pune; (iii Sree
Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology,
Thiruvananthapuram; (iv) Indian Association for the Cultivation of
Sciences, Kolkata; (v) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune
etc.
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The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), is a

part of the Ministry of Science and Technology with the mandate for
indigenous technology promotion, development, utilization and
transfer.
DSIR implements the Plan scheme Technology Promotion,

Development and Utilization (TPDU_ Programme apart from
coordinating the activities of two autonomous bodies, namely Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and Consultancy
Development Centre (CDC) and two public sector undertakings,
National Research Development Corporation (NRDC) and Central
Electronics Limited (CEL).
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CSIR an ensemble of 37 national laboratories and 39 outreach

centres, spread across the length and breadth of India.
CSIR-800: The programme has a mission, that is to increase per

capita income by Rs. 15.00 per day of the target group which 800
million people of India living in the bottom half to the development
pyramid). The focus areas are affordable health, sustainable
energy, waste to wealth, potable water, low-cost housing and
empowering masses. In first of its new endevours, CSIR has
launched Soleckshaw, an optimally designed, pedal operated-motoassisted, zero carbon emission urban transport vehicle.
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National
e Governance Plan (NEGP)
The Nation e-Governance Plan was approved by the Government on

18th May, 2006.
The NeGP consists of 27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs), which are
currently at different phases like conceptualization, design,
implementation and post-implementation.
State
Data Centres
State Data Centre is one of the three core infrastructure components

of the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) of Govt. of India. Under the
SDC Scheme, it is proposed to established Data Centres across the
28 States and 7 Union Territories.
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e-District
e-District is a State Mission Mode Project under the National eGovernance Plan. The Project aims to target certain high volume
services currently not covered by any MMP under the NeGP and
undertake back-end computerization to enable the delivery of these
services through Common Service Centres.
National
Service Delivery Gateway (NSFG)
Centre of Development of advanced Computing (C-DAC) has built

and deployed NSDG (National e-governance Services Delivery
Gateway) and NSD (National Services Directory) which is the
second Mission Mode Project to have gone live since 14th August
2008.
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National
Knowledge Network
Government has decided to establish a National Knowledge

Network (NKN) with scalable multi-gigabit capabilities which will
connect 1000 covering the universities, research institutions,
libraries, laboratories, hospitals and agricultural institutions across
the country.
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Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is premier

R & D organization of the Department for carrying out R & D in IT,
Electronics and associated areas.
C-DAC commissioned a supercomputing system called PARAM

Yuva in November 2008. Its Rmax (sustained performance) is
37.80 Teraflops and Rpeak (peak performance) is 54.01 TFs. It
ranked 68th in the list of TPP500 supercomputers announced in
November 2008 at Supercomputing Conference SCO8 held at
Austin, Texa, USA.
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The National Informatics Centre (NIC) is the nodal S & T organisation

of the Department of Information Technology, Ministry of
Communications and Information Technology for facilitating the
process of e-Governance in the country. NIC has scored many firsts
in the field of informatics development & networking for decision
support in the Central Government Departments, 28 State
Governments, one National Capital Territory of Delhi and 6 Union
Territories, and about 611 District administrations at sub-state level.
It is the only organization in India to provide total informatics support
to the Ministers and Departments of the Central, State Governments,
District Administration and other Government bodies.
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National
Institute of Immunology, New Delhi:
The
Institute continues to make inroads into basic research related to the
immune system with a commitment that the knowledge gained would
contribute to newer and more effective ways of addressing the health
needs of the country. During the year more than 50 peer reviewed
manuscripts and 5 reviews have been published. The Institute
continued with the concept of end-to-end research in the
biosciences and have signed MoU with Astra Zeneca India,
Bangalore, and Cadila Pharmaceuticals, Ahmedabad on a
technology related to novel molecules that inhibit Mycobacterial Fad
D proteins and can have the potential as anti-mycobacterial drugs.
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National
Centre for Cell Science, Pune :
The Centre
has emphasis on R&D activities in the areas of cell biology including
stem cell biology, signal transduction, cancer biology diabetes,
infection and immunity and chromating architecture and gene
regulation. The national cell repository supplied 1154 cell lines to 128
scientific institutions in India.
Centre
for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics

(CDFD), Hyderabad : The Centre of DNA Fingerprinting and
Diagnostics (CDFD) is an autonomous organization funded by the
Department of biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology,
Government of India CDFD has been providing services for DNA
fingerprinting,
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diagnostics, new born screening and bioinformatics based modern

high-technology DNA-based methods, of direct benefit to the public,
as well as in performing fundamental research of international
standards in frontier areas of biological science. CDFD also has a
Sun Microsystems Centre of Excellence in Medical Bioinformatics.
National
Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Haryana
:The National Brain Research Centre was established to create a

Centre of Excellence in Brain Research with state of art facility in the
country to consolidate, network and undertake basic research of high
caliber in neuroscience and also to generate highly trained human
resources.
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National
Institute for Plant Genome Research

(NCPGR), New Delhi :
The National Institute for Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New
Delhi (previously a National Centre) is engaged in plant genomic
research with focus on structural genomics and functional with
application genomics. It is working on Genomics of certain crops and
manipulation of genes / genomes to breed improved varieties of food
and industrial crops such as Chickpea, Catharanthus, Potato,
Lathyrus, Rice, Sweet Potato and Cassasva.
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2009
Q. WiMAX is related to which one of the following?
(a) Biotechnology
(b) Space technology
(c) Missile technology
(d) Communication technology
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41 (B) Science and Technological Development in India

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41 (B) Science and Technological Development in India

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www.iasexamportal.

The policy outlines the approach to S & T governance, optimal

(The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) was established in

The IMD has a network of 40 RADARS installed throughout the

Survey of India (SOI), the national survey and mapping organization

National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation

The Department of Science and Technology provides grants-in-aid to

The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), is a

DSIR implements the Plan scheme Technology Promotion,

CSIR an ensemble of 37 national laboratories and 39 outreach

CSIR-800: The programme has a mission, that is to increase per

e Governance Plan (NEGP)

The Nation e-Governance Plan was approved by the Government on

State Data Centre is one of the three core infrastructure components

Service Delivery Gateway (NSFG)

Centre of Development of advanced Computing (C-DAC) has built

Government has decided to establish a National Knowledge

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is premier

C-DAC commissioned a supercomputing system called PARAM

The National Informatics Centre (NIC) is the nodal S & T organisation

Institute of Immunology, New Delhi:

Centre for Cell Science, Pune :

for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics

diagnostics, new born screening and bioinformatics based modern

Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Haryana

:The National Brain Research Centre was established to create a

Institute for Plant Genome Research

Online Coaching for IAS Exams

Books for IAS Exams

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