1.

Table Typical metal content European of automobiles Weight Metal cast iron

Uses
cylinder gearbox block, , , carbureftor radiator pipes, electrics

15kg

aluminium
5Kg

baftery
vehicle body

2. Table Typical distribution materials US of in automobiles

1979 Weight,lb '1985 (est.) % Weight,lb

-/o

2000
cast rron 515 100 metals other 65 190 materials other 380 5

1 500 330 3 170 50

250 13

12

300

10 100

32s0

100 2600

F.Understanding text a printed (2)

Read following carefully, the you text looking anything do notunderstand. up

DESIGN EXAMPLE-MATERIALS

SYSTEMS

mustbe and containmanycomponents' for eacha material systems Engineered and system onethat is Materials selection engineering it The selected. automoUii. "". mostfamiliar trends These ior used its construction. materials a undergoing major.t ung.in the thefuel to ,.nJ.t thegreateffortthat is beingmade decrease selection in materials and adoptingweight'saving of consumption carsL1, i"*"ii"ing. the designs materials'MajorshiftsinmaterialsselectionsuchasareshowninTable6-8can consequences' economic havelarge Frequently,complexands'ut"serviceconditionscanbemeteconomically hardenThe component. surface only by combining,.**i*",rrials into a single Combiningmatetials uy iarburizingor nitridingr is componJntr ing of gearsand other automotive agoodexample.Herethehighhardness'strength,andwearresistanceofahigh. low-carbon of layers a ductileandtougher is carbonsteel producJin tie surface steel.

materials of example a complex An excellent Y*1-T:1fft:l1t"1ti"t1;

materials Valve

1) p::t l1u"',-'ii:"'*iHlll"".**'irs0 il;d;;F. ir'.v*u't iravesulficient

and wear abrasion' to uli. nothardness resist valve in regions anexhaust it:tPIl-:l^:t:::-t:J,Y::; failure Thecritical Corrosionand oxidation
io ut.ut A and 'T 111:'::"::llii:'::ilffi;llii,,l"u,rhead area the area of varve, c,
n :t----^., ^^^rrt qi I

propertiesto rest oxidation-resistance

:"i,ffi?l?ilru*,iu*..,"iesistra'ureand2)suit ::ilT:T"::::*11Tff css vtvvr ' high-temperafure laugus streutsL'

'W*fi'1.,.'"'t'#f 'J,iff liil'Jfr ffi:ii,ffi ffi mavoccur"t:::::ji:"1'11""i"",t;ilil;rile lJ'iJ:::,:Ht: failure if an However, sear.
HHfffi
surrace or isneeded wearthe ;: jlHffi;;;**.'i"un" :::T:i;: tf,fff;: ^"I-,"^ii" *",,{hon.whichwill cause valveto stick open the ^-^^ n
valve stem, atea D'
- r--^r ^-L ,ro-noirc The valve stem

C.

Also, valve lead l"*:::::1'j:::1, .Tif:::::ffi urE""i". r"..1 can toburning. the ":'"",'*:..'- 't on insulating deposlt bullos up '*iffi;;il;;ivau'asiu'PTl9il,""'j"",:*":*::':il;: i
the rocker arm' E, wherethe valvecontacts

problens Valve

andburn. Y::: *"T:#';i:'* v cause

will EventuallY,

""rir.

forces. thannormal ,.", withhigher

Exhaustgas FigureGl2 Typical exhaustvalve showrmplngement ing criticalregions of failure.

pp. Daign.A Material ProcesingApproath,192-193. and. McGraw-Hill. FromG. DieterEngineering

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your C. Check understanding

precisely, thefollowing do 2. (a)Towhat, questions: the 1. Answer following 'down-sizing refer? e What thepurpose is of r o r weighrsaving o a r e a C a r e a B a r e a D a r e a E designs adopting and in materials'theautomobiles? (b)Whatcanoccur thefollowing in o What a good of example combining is areas, whatmay theresult it? and be of into materials a single several r area C component? r area B materials r c What properties valve must area D in extremely have resist'burhing' to o area E ranges? high temperature words thepassage have in which a 3. Find in the o What property necessary is and to meaning forms those similar valve stem? below. e What wear thevalve tip will at o withstand cause? o chosen eventuallv o functions o important r lead r changes to . touches a extreme

discourse H. Understanding
experiments to three for you instructionsconducting simple tape, willhear On your notes the are Below incomplete about on treatment steel. of theeffect heat demonstrate the try Asyoulisten, to complete notes. experiment. in required thesteps each and materials experiments. of the notes, summaries three write the From complete Materials of . . ., Pair rods twosteel - thinand 50urce, water . . ... of sandpaper, and 1 Experiment Hold and toughness spring. rod rod Bend to measure un i r. . . , . n e a H e a t r o d t . l. makingsure,. ..intowater. ..... anddip... Known ' . . . . . . . . . ' . R o d h a s b e c o m .e. ' . . a n d w i l l as break 2 Experiment .rodandheatuntil .'..Keeprodin Take.. from red. it . . . a{ter turns Remove . heat about for ...gradually. ..andallow. heat.. Rod is'annealing'. canbend This

3 Experiment Heat . . it red. to . . rodagain bright Quenchand

until again Hold withsandpaper. it in heat to rod, . Remove allow must become not Rod ' T e m o e r e d 'i s . ... butless... rod

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