Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jennifer Holmgren
UOP LLC
UOP
Leading supplier and licensor of process technology, catalysts, adsorbents, process plants, and technical services to the petroleum refining, petrochemical, and gas processing industries UOP technology furnishes 60% of the worlds gasoline, 85% of the worlds biodegradable detergents, and 60% of the worlds para-xylene Strong relationships with leading refining and petrochemical customers worldwide UOPs innovations enabled lead removal from gasoline, biodegradable detergents, and the first commercial catalytic converter for automobiles
2003 National Medal of Technology Recipient
Alternative Fuels
Derived from all other sources: biomass, natural gas, coal
Kg/100 MJ
6.00 Methanol
r tte Be
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
UOP 4942-02
Source: Chevron
UOP Strategy
Fuel Additives / Blends
Ethanol Biodiesel Diesel
Fuels
Jet Gasoline
Generation 1
Vegetable oils, greases to diesel, gasoline and jet fuel
Generation 2
Lignocellulosic biomass to fuels Algal oils to fuels
UOP 4942-04
Green Jet
Coconut Oil
6 8 10 15
1000
1300
Jet
Soybean Oil
43 71
UOP 4942-06
Petroleum JP-8 18.8 -50 51 0.804 18600 159 182 189 208 244 265
0.780 18655
169
$4.00
$3.00
$2.00
Feedstock Cost Assumed: $2.78/gal Potential with low cost ($2/gal) feedstock
$1.00 25%
50%
100%
UOP 4942-09
M t/a
Total
Diesel Gasoline
Cellulosic Waste
1200 900 MJ/Hectare'000
Total
Diesel Gasoline
Cellulosic Waste
Oils Productivity
50 25 0
160 80 0
Algae
Cellulosic waste could make a significant contribution to liquid transportation pool. Algal Oils could enable oils route to biodiesel, green diesel and jet fuel.
Source: Transportation fuels are from Purvin & Gertz Tables II-3 and II-4, 2007 Consumption, Europe
Deoxygenate
P P
Biomass
Pyrolysis
Stabilization
Biocrude
Other Refinery Processes
Mixed Woods
UOP 4942-11
Deoxygenation
UOP 4942-21
JP-8 Spec Freeze Point (oC) -47 Flash Point (oC) 39 Density (g/mL) 0.775
Corn Stover Woody Pyrolysis Pyrolysis Oil Oil -56 -54 49 54 0.790 0.782
l Oi
Bi om as s
Quality Risks
Inconsistent product (source dependent) Lack of robust control Fragmented industry
Risk Reduction: Need to Find Least Expensive and Quickest Route to Validate New Fuels
Need Large Quantity of Fuel to Flight Test
Need to Get Early Assessment of Fuel Suitability to Justify Government and Industry Investment
UOP 4942-14
UOP 4942-15
Achieving Sustainability
Renewables are going to make up an increasing share of the future fuels pool - Multitude of bioprocessing approaches possible - Fungible biofuels are here First generation biofuels, though raw material limited, are an important first step to creating a biofuels infrastructure. Second generation feedstocks, cellulosic waste and algal oils, have the potential to make significant contributions. Jet fuel certification presents unique challenges to rapid adoption - Must work with standard setting agencies and OEMs to create a robust but rapid process Important to promote technology neutral and performance based standards and directives to avoid standardization on old technology.
UOP 4942-22
Acknowledgements
DOE, Project DE-FG36-05GO15085 Paul Grabowski DARPA, Project W911NF-07-C-0049 Dr. Douglas Kirkpatrick
The work presented in this paper was at least partially funded by the U.S. Army Research Office under DARPA contract no. W911NF-07-C-0049 and the contents thereof do not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the U.S. Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
Nodan mamomamo
Danke schn
Teekkr ederim
Gracias
Maulanenga Aachaykin Efcharisto Hvala Ookini Dekoju Danyavad Spasibo Grazie Ngiyabonga
Thank You Obrigado Gum xia Kiitos Merci Tawdi Terima kasih Sha sha Ang kun
Dhannvaad
Giittus Shukran
Ksznm
Qujanaq mersi
UOP 4942-24
Wiyarrparlunpaju-yungu
UOP 4942-25
Alternative Fuels
Derived from all other sources: biomass, natural gas, coal
Kg/100 MJ
6.00 Methanol 3.5 2.3 Ethanol Biodiesel Liquid Hydrogen from Coal Liquid Methane from Coal Jet Fuel from Coal Jet Fuel from Natural Gas Methanol from Natural Gas Liquid Methane from Natural Gas Biojet Fuel Liquid Hydrogen form Coal and Nuclear Power 1.0 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 0 1 Jet Fuel from Crude Oil 2 3 4
UOP 4942-02
r tte Be
Source: Chevron
Alternate fuels need to look similar to current fuel near team (drop in fuel) Engines & components need to be designed for future fuels - Tolerant of future fuels
(low lubricity, low aromatics)
Place increased demand on aviation fuel - Increased thermal stability - Lower freeze point - Cleaner fuel (no sulfur, low
aromatics, low GHG)
and thrust/weight ratio Long range/High altitude/High Mach aircraft Increased heat load into fuel
Faster fuel approval process - True material specification - Generic fuel approval - not
UOP 4942-03
Bio-Jet Fuel
Crude Oil
Gasoline Gases Jet Diesel No. 2 Lubricating Oils Heavy Fuel Oils Asphalt
Coconut Oil
to Jet
15 4,000
1000
1300
Soybean Oil
43 >1000 Trillion 71
6 5
8 10 18 75
UOP 4942-05
Freeze Point, oC
Flash Point, oC
Density, g/cc
-47 -52.6
38 53
0.775 0.759
Aromatic additives required to make JP-8 specification; also true for synthetic jet fuel
UOP 4942-06
Aromatics (<25%)
Renewable JP-8
UOP 4942-20
UOP 4942-15