Manual CSF T

GSM-EDGE Repeaters
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER'S MANUAL
4
4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.2.7 4.2.8 4.3 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6 4.5
Installation
Prepare the Site Site Selection Antennas Antenna Isolation Test Site Installation Advice Link Budget Engineering Considerations Install Repeater Unpack the Repeater Mount the Repeater Ensure Proper Grounding Ensure Good EMV Protection Attach Antenna Cables Supply Power to the Repeater Mount the Coupler Connect External Alarms Start up Repeater Configure Repeater Set up RF Configuration Set Repeater Name Set up Remote Access Alarm Configuration Heartbeat Configuration AEM Report Configuration Installation Checklists
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4.1
Prepare the Site
4.1.1 Site Selection

Site selection is one of the most critical decisions affecting the overall performance of the system. Repeater locations These are examples of common repeater locations. ! ! ! ! ! roofs of buildings adjacent to the affected area with the antennas mounted to the penthouse or building sides top of a hill that is obstructing the donor sites coverage, with the antennas mounted on poles at ground level a water tower with antennas mounted at the top an existing utility pole with equipment and antennas mounted below any existing power lines a newly installed pole or tower
Important Issues There are a few important considerations to be made while choosing the best possible site for a repeater: ! ! Ensure access to commercial power (sun-panels is an option) Ensure adequate signal strength. For example: to obtain the maximum output, e.g. +37 dBm, from a channel selective repeater an input signal of approximately -53 dBm is needed into the repeater3. To obtain the maximum output from a Frequency Translating Repeaters remote site, e.g. +40dBm, an input signal of -65 dBm is needed. A conventional channel selective repeater must be located where the BTS signal strength is great enough to be recognized by the system. It should also be located no more than 15 km from the donor site and 5 km from the furthest area to be served. Ensure line of sight (LOS) between the BTS antenna and the repeaters donor antenna for channel selective repeaters, and between the link antennas for frequency translating repeaters. If the signal strength is adequate, LOS may in some cases not be necessary.
4.1.2 Antennas
Select antennas for the system with the proper directivity and high front-to-interference ratio in order to optimize repeater coverage and system noise performance. Ensure adequate antenna insulation for the chosen repeater type.
The input signal to the antenna needs to be -71 dBm if the antenna gain is 18dBi
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Link antennas typically have a narrow horizontal and vertical beam width (less than 35 degrees) and high gain (15 25 dBi). The narrow horizontal beam width will keep interference from the repeater link channel to a minimum. Parabolic disc antennas which offer beam widths of <10 degrees are ideal for both donor and remote link antennas. Server antennas are determined by the type of area to be covered. For a conventional repeater it can be any standard GSM base station antenna that has a good front to back ratio (>=25 dB) and between 30 and 120 degrees horizontal beam width, depending on the desired coverage area. For a frequency translating antenna it may be an omni antenna. Use compass or planning tool to get the exact direction and tilt of the antenna Antenna Types For server antenna purposes panel antennas are suitable for Channel Selective Repeaters and omni antennas or directional antennas for Frequency Translating Repeaters. Link antennas and pick-up antennas are often narrow beam panel antennas with high gain for Channel Selective repeaters and narrow beam antennas with gain depending on distance for Frequency Translating Repeaters Antenna Direction Direct repeater coverage away from the donor cell to minimize RF signal coverage overlap. If the BTS has different sectors always choose to use the carriers used in the sector facing away from the remote site in order to avoid inter symbol interference (ISI).
4.1.3 Antenna Isolation

The antenna isolation is the difference between the output signal on the server antenna and the signal leaking into the donor or link antenna. At a conventional installation with a channel selective repeater the antenna isolation needs to be large enough not to cause any signal distortion. For EDGE-signals (8-PSK) as much as 25 dB of margin (antenna isolation repeater gain) may be required to maintain signal quality. At the remote site of a frequency translating repeater installation the antenna isolation needs to be approximately 75dB.
Signal leaking over to the donor/link antenna Donor or link antenna Repeater Local or remote connection Computer with RMC Server antenna
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The antenna isolation can be measured through the use of a function in the RMC. The measurement can be made at the time the repeater is configured as well as regularly when the repeater is up and running. The measurement can be made when the repeater is operational. Note! The measurement only takes a few seconds, but if the repeater is operational at the time of the measurement there is a risk of loosing calls during the time the parameters are changed. Prepare for the measurement
Ensure that the BCCH is in chain 1. Use a silent channel in chain 2. This channel will be used for detecting the leaking signal and needs to be free of traffic. Select RMC Console mode and the RF/status window Use the Actions drop down menu and select Force Antenna Isolation Measurement
Initiate a single measurement
Click on
to monitor the result
Initiate regular measurements
Select RMC Console mode Select Configuration window Select Antenna Isolation Measurement page Tick Enable Daily Antenna Measurement. Set the time point for the measurement and define the channels to be used. The default value is the BCCH.
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4.1.3.1 Alternative method for antenna isolation measurement The antenna isolation can also be measured by use of a signal generator and a spectrum analyzer. Use a signal generator to generate a carrier wave signal on the server antenna, and a spectrum analyzer to measure the signal leaking over to the donor antenna. The repeater does not need to be connected.
Signal leaking over to donor antenna
Repeater Measurement of leaking signal Spectrum Analyzer Input to server antenna Signal Generator
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4.1.4 Site Installation Advice

4.1.4.1 Channel Selective Repeaters In a channel selective repeater there are two antennas one donor antenna to pick up the signal from the BTS and one server antenna to serve the coverage area. An input signal to the repeater of more than -49 dBm must be present to obtain +37 dBm output. This example illustrates the various signal levels and antenna gains needed to form a properly functioning repeater system.
Received signal level Donor antenna (4 ft dish) Cable loss (100 ft of 7/8 inch) Input to repeater Gain of repeater (example) Output from repeater Cable loss (100 ft of 7/8 inch) Server antenna gain Repeater ERP -72 dBm +25 dBi -2 dB -49 dBm +86 dB +37 dBm -2 dB +13 dBi +48 dBm
The donor antenna faces the BTS. Free line of sight is desirable but not necessary if the signal strength at the exact location of the antenna is strong enough. The server antenna may be mounted above or below the donor antenna depending on the site conditions. Important is the vertical separation needed to achieve adequate isolation between antennas. The isolation has to be at least 10-25 dB higher than the repeater gain (the higher number for EDGE). This may well be in the region of 20 meters or more. Other alternatives are metal screening with wire mesh or horizontal antenna separation. A high gain antenna will help in minimizing the overall path loss to achieve the desired output power. Donor antenna gains are typically 20 to 25 dBi, while server antennas are often 10 to 15 dBi. The server antenna normally has a horizontal beam of 60 to 120. Donor antennas should have a horizontal and vertical beam width of less than 30 to correctly select the donor base station (instead of other nearby base stations). This table can be used as a guideline for antenna separation. Antennas are assumed to be highly directional and pointed in the opposite direction.
Vertical Antenna separation Separation (m) 5 10 20 30 Isolation (dB) 75 87.1 99,1 106.2 Horizontal Antenna Separation Separation (m) 5 10 50 100 Isolation (dB) 45.5 51,7 65,5 71.5
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40 50
111,2 115
150 250
75,1 77,6
The table demonstrates that vertical separation is much more effective. The physical separation between the donor and server antennas has been calculated using the following formulas. Vertical Separation: Horizontal Separation: I D Gd Gs = = = = = I (dB) = 28 + 40 log (D/) I (dB) = 22 + 20 log (D/) (Gd Gs)
Isolation Distance between donor and server antennas (m) Wavelength (m) Gain of donor antenna facing server antenna (dB) Gain of server antenna facing donor antenna (dB)
Site Installation Channel Selective Repeater
Donor Antenna
Recommended isolation is 10-25dB higher than the repeater gain (typically 25m)
Server Antenna
Coaxial cable diameter of or more is recommended
Channel Selective Repeater
7/16 type connectors, female
Site installation for channel selective repeaters
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4.1.4.2 Frequency Translating Repeaters A Frequency Translating Repeater consists of two parts a donor unit and a remote unit. The donor unit is installed at the base station site and connected to the base station through a 30 dB RF coupler. A separation of at least 2 carrier bands (600 kHz) is necessary between the link frequencies and the Broadcast Frequencies. In the illustration below the link carriers are F6 and F7 and the Broadcast Carrier Frequencies are F1 and F2 which gives more separation than is needed.
F1 and F2
F6 and F7 Link Antenna 16mm2 Ground Cable
Link Antenna
Server Antenna F1 and F2
Coupler
Repeater Donor Unit
Repeater Remote Unit
16mm2 Ground Cable
BTS
It is important to remember that a whole sector must be used when installing a Frequency Translating Repeater. The base station sector using F1 and F2 is transmitted to the repeater. The base station sector used must have the same number of carriers as the repeater. At the remote site an input signal greater than -75dBm is desired. An input of -65 dBm is necessary to deliver an output of +40dBm. This example illustrates the signal levels and antenna gains needed to form a properly functioning repeater system.
Received signal level Donor antenna (4 ft dish) Cable loss (100 ft of 7/8 inch) Input to repeater Gain of repeater (example) Output from repeater Cable loss (100 ft of 7/8 inch) Server antenna gain Repeater ERP -87 dBm +25 dBi -2 dB -64 dBm +105 dB +41 dBm -2 dB +13 dBi +52 dBm
The isolation between antennas at the remote site seldom needs to be more than 75dB. This value can be achieved with a limited antenna displacement, often as low as 3 meters. The
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relatively modest isolation requirement allows the use of omni-directional antennas for coverage. A high gain antenna will help in minimizing the overall path loss to achieve the desired output power. Donor antenna gains are typically 20 to 25 dBi, while server antennas are often 10 to 15 dBi. The coverage antenna normally has a horizontal beam of 60 to 120. Donor antennas should have a horizontal and vertical beam width of less than 30 to correctly select the donor base station (instead of other nearby base stations). This table can be used as a guideline for antenna separation. Antennas are assumed to be highly directional and pointed in the opposite direction.
Vertical Antenna separation Separation (m) 5 10 20 30 40 50 Isolation (dB) 75 87.1 99,1 106,2 111,2 115
Horizontal Antenna Separation Separation (m) 5 10 50 100 150 250 Isolation (dB) 45.5 51,7 65,5 71,5 75,1 77,6
The table demonstrates that vertical separation is much more effective The physical separation between the donor and server antennas has been calculated using the following formulas. Vertical Separation: Horizontal Separation: I D Gd Gs = = = = = I (dB) = 28 + 40 log (D/) I (dB) = 22 + 20 log (D/) (Gd Gs)
Isolation Distance between donor and server antennas (m) Wavelength (m) Gain of donor antenna facing server antenna (dB) Gain of server antenna facing donor antenna (dB)
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Site Installation Frequency Translating Repeater

BTS Antenna
Link Antenna Coaxial cable diameter of or more is recommended 50 terminator

N-type connector, female
Coupler
Single Donor Unit
BTS
7/16 type connector, female
Site Installation for Frequency Translating Repeater Single Donor Unit
BTS Antennas Link Antenna

Tx/Rx 1 Tx/Rx 2

50 termination N-type connector, female
Double Donor Unit Coupler A double donor unit can alternatively be connected to two different BTS Coupler
BTS
N-type connectors, female
Site Installation for Frequency Translating Repeater Double Donor Unit
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Link Antenna
Link Antenna
75dB (approximately 3 meters) is recommended
75dB (approximately 3 meters) is recommended
Server Antenna
Server Antennas Coaxial cable diameter of or more is recommended
Site Installation for Frequency Site Installation for Frequency Translating Translating Repeater Internal Combiner Repeater External Combiner Unit (ER) Unit (IR)
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4.1.5 Link Budget

It is important to make a link budget before the installation is completed. This budget will give the necessary input for tuning the system and to ensure good system performance. In this example these fixed parameters are used:
BTS sensitivity (without diversity gain) BTS output Power Repeater noise figure (remote) Donor unit output power Remote unit output power MS Sensitivity MS output power -106 dBm +41 dBm 4 dB +33 dBm +38dBm -102 dBm +33 dBm
4.1.5.1 Downlink Path The Downlink path is quite straightforward to set up in a repeater installation, and also gives a good indication of the actual path loss between the donor and the remote unit. The gain in the units is simply adjusted until the desired output levels are achieved. This procedure is simplified by the built in monitoring functions in the Avitec repeaters. Remember though, that the repeater is not a piece of measurement equipment, and has a limited accuracy when presenting input and output levels. (+/-3dB and +/-2dB respectively) Here two different link path losses will be analyzed, representing two extremes regarding the distance between the donor and remote unit: 6.5 and 26 kilometers. Free space path loss is assumed in both cases. (Feeder losses are varied to get further extreme values). Total Link loss (6.5km): -0.5 + 15 -108 +15 - 0.5 = - 79dB | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --------- Feeder loss between Remote unit and Link antenna
---------------- Link antenna at Remote site 15dBi
----------------------Free space path loss at 925MHz / 6.5km
---------------------------Link antenna at Donor site 15dBi ---------------------------------Feeder loss between Donor unit and link antenna
Total Link loss (26km): -2.5 + 15 -120 +15 - 2.5 = - 95dB | | | | | | | | | -------- Feeder loss between Remote unit and Link antenna
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| | |
| |
----------------Link antenna at Remote site 15dBi
---------------------Free space path loss at 925MHz / 26km
--------------------------Link antenna at Donor site 15dBi
---------------------------------Feeder loss between Donor unit and link antenna The downlink path based on the above link loss calculation for 6.5 and 26 kilometers.
BTS Coupler Donor Unit Link Path Remote Unit
G=xdB
G=-30dB
G=22dB
G=-79dB
G=84dB
P=+41dBm
P=+33dBm
P=-46dBm
P=+38dBm
BTS
Coupler
Donor Unit
Link Path
Remote Unit
G=xdB
G=-30dB
G=22dB
G=-95dB
G=100dB
P=+41dBm
P=+33dBm
P=-62dBm
P=+38dBm
Note that the shorter link distance gives the opportunity to reduce the donor downlink gain and increase the remote downlink gain. This will reduce the output power in the link antenna and minimize interference caused by the link, and thereby simplify frequency planning. The longer link distance is probably close to the maximum useful distance, since timing advance will only allow a repeater cell radius of 5-6 kilometers in this case. (The delay through the repeater chain is typically 2 x 6 us, equal to an increase of timing advance by 6-7 units) In the case of a BTS with extended range capability longer link paths are possible, but then link antennas with more gain should be considered. 20dBi antennas have been used in some installations, reducing total link loss by 10dB compared to the above numbers. Keeping everything else constant, this would allow for another 23km of link distance. 4.1.5.2 Uplink Path The settings of the Repeater Uplink path requires much more careful planning than the Downlink. Very different results can be obtained depending on the Repeater Uplink gain
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setting, and there will always be a trade off situation between the Repeater cell sensitivity and BTS cell sensitivity. Low Repeater Uplink gain will result in poorer Repeater cell sensitivity but only a small BTS cell sensitivity degradation. The opposite is also true; high Repeater Uplink gain will result in good repeater cell sensitivity but a larger reduction in BTS cell sensitivity. The calculations to determine the sensitivity in the Repeater cell and the BTS cell is based on the formula for determining the total noise figure for a cascade of amplifiers and attenuators:
NF1 G1
NF2 G2
NF3 G3
NF4 G4
NFtot = NF1 + (F2-1) / G1 + (F3-1) / (G1 * G2) + (F4-1) / (G1 * G2 * G3 ) + (units, not dBs) This equation is used to find the total noise figure at two points in the cascade made up by the repeater installation. 1. The first point is the entire chain including the BTS receiver noise figure. This value is then directly used to calculate the repeater cell sensitivity. 2. The second point is the same cascade excluding the BTS receiver and coupler noise figure. This noise figure is, in combination with the gain to this point, converted to an equivalent noise floor. This is then added to the BTS receiver equivalent noise floor. The sum of the noise is then converted back to a noise figure used to calculate the BTS cell sensitivity. First the equivalent BTS noise figure corresponding to the BTS sensitivity must be calculated from the following equation:
Eq. BTS noise figure = -106 - ( -174 + 54 + 8 ) dB = 6 dB C/N for 0.4% BER (ETSI ETR 103) 10 x log(BW) BW=251kHz (ETSI ETR 103) Thermal noise floor BTS sensitivity
This value is used in all calculations below. Example 1: Rule of thumb setup with 26km link As a starting point (rule of thumb) the uplink gain can be set equal to the downlink gain settings. For the -95dB link this will give the situation shown in the figure below:
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Remote Unit Donor Unit
Link path
Coupler
BTS
G=100dB NF=3.5dB
G=-95dB NF=95dB
G=22dB G=-30dB NF=6.3dB NF=30dB
G=xdB NF=6dB NFtot=10.6dB Gtot = -3dB NFtot=5.5dB
The 8.1dB noise figure through the repeater chain corresponds to a sensitivity of -174 + 54 + 8 + 10.6 dBm = -101.4 dBm | | | | | | | | | | ---------------Repeater chain total noise figure with BTS C/N for 0.4% BER (ETSI ETR 103) 10 x log (BW) BW = 251kHz Thermal noise floor
---------------------
----------------------------
----------------------------------
The noise floor from the repeater chain at the BTS receiver input is: -174 + 54 + 5.5 - 3 dBm = -117.5 dBm | | | | | | | | | | ---------------Total gain in Repeater chain Repeater chain total noise figure without BTS & coupler 10 x log (BW) BW = 251 kHz Thermal noise floor
---------------------
----------------------------
----------------------------------
This must now be added to the BTS receiver noise floor, which is: -174 + 54 + 6 dBm = -114.0 dBm | | | | | | --------------------BTS receiver noise figure 10 x log (BW) BW = 251 kHz Thermal noise floor 103 (162)
----------------------------
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And when they are added the total noise floor at the BTS receiver input becomes: 10 * LOG [10^(-117.5/10) + 10^(-114.0/10) ] = -112.4 dBm This is a 1.6dB higher BTS receiver noise floor compared to the starting value (114112.4=1.6), which means that the BTS receiver sensitivity has degraded from -106 dBm to -104.4dBm without diversity. Summary of example 1: The calculations in example 1 used a very simple setup technique for the uplink path. The gain in the Uplink was simply set equal to the Downlink gain in both the Donor and Remote unit. This resulted in: Sensitivity in Repeater cell = -101.4 dBm Sensitivity in BTS cell = -104.4 dBm without diversity, a reduction of 1.6dB. Note that the BTS Diversity receiver will maintain its original sensitivity of -106dBm since no Repeater noise it emitted into its input. However, the diversity gain will be lower than normal because of the Repeater noise emitted into the BTS main receiver input. Also note that all traffic through the Repeater will only enter the BTS main receiver input, NOT the diversity receiver input. This may cause a Diversity alarm on some types of BTSs. This is normal and should be a simple matter of configuring the alarms in the BTS. Example 2: 26km link with high Repeater cell sensitivity To get good Repeater cell sensitivity, the Uplink gain must be increased compared to example 1. If the gain from the Repeater server cell antenna to the BTS receiver antenna input is positive (larger than 0 dB), the Repeater can in fact be considered to be Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA). The major difference is of course that the antenna is located 26km from the BTS in this case. The sensitivity of the original BTS cell will be degraded more than in example 1 because the noise floor will be higher at the BTS receiver input. The example 2 setup looks like the figure below:
Remote Unit Link path Donor Unit Coupler BTS
G=102dB NF=3.5dB
G=-95dB NF=95dB
G=xdB NF=6dB NFtot=6.8dB Gtot = +3dB NFtot=4.5dB
Doing the calculations yields: Sensitivity in Repeater cell = -105.2 dBm Sensitivity in BTS cell = -102.2 dBm without diversity, a reduction of 3.8dB.
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It is obvious that the increased Uplink gain has improved Repeater cell sensitivity. It can be improved more by further increasing the gain, but BTS cell sensitivity will then be reduced more. Example 3: Rule of thumb setup with 6.5km link
Link path
Coupler
BTS
G=84dB NF=3.5dB
G=-79dB NF=79dB
Doing the calculations yields: Sensitivity in Repeater cell = -101.4 dBm Sensitivity in BTS cell = -104.4 dBm without diversity, a reduction of 1.6dB. This is in fact identical values compared to example 1. In this case however, it is possible to increase the Uplink gain in the Remote unit and reduce it equally much in the Donor unit. This will improve the overall noise figure as dictated by the NFtot equation on page 3. This is examined in the next example. Example 4: 6.5km link with high BTS sensitivity and optimised Repeater sensitivity The Donor Uplink gain in example 3 was 22dB. Since the minimum configurable gain in the Donor unit is 12dB, it can be reduced by 10dB. This is compensated for in the Remote unit and this setup looks like:
Link path
Coupler
BTS
G=94dB NF=3.5dB
G=-79dB NF=79dB
G=12dB NF=13dB
G=-30dB NF=30dB
Doing the calculations yields: Avitec AB Preliminary version 12/10/2003 105 (162)
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Sensitivity in Repeater cell = -101.7 dBm Sensitivity in BTS cell = -104.7 dBm without diversity, a reduction of 1.3dB. Although the improvement compared to Example 3 is only a few tens of a dB, the cost of the improvement is just a few moments of calculations. With more total Uplink gain the improvement is larger. See the next examples. Example 5: 6.5km link with high Repeater sensitivity
Link path
Coupler
BTS
G=84dB NF=3.5dB
G=-79dB NF=79dB
Doing the calculations yields: Sensitivity in Repeater cell = -104.9 dBm Sensitivity in BTS cell = -101.9 dBm without diversity, a reduction of 4.1dB. Here the gain was increased in the Donor. In this case again, it is possible to increase the Uplink gain in the Remote unit and reduce it equally much in the Donor unit. This will improve the overall noise figure as dictated by the NFtot equation on page 3. This is examined in the next example. Example 6: 6.5km link with optimised Repeater sensitivity The Donor Uplink gain in example 5 was 28dB. Since the minimum configurable gain in the Donor unit is 12dB, it can be reduced by 16dB. This is compensated for in the Remote unit and this setup looks like:
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Link path
Coupler
BTS
G=100dB NF=3.5dB
G=-79dB NF=79dB
G=12dB NF=13dB
G=-30dB NF=30dB
Doing the calculations yields: Sensitivity in Repeater cell = -105.6 dBm Sensitivity in BTS cell = -102.6 dBm without diversity, a reduction of 3.4dB. This is a more clear improvement compared to Example 5.
Summary It has been shown by several calculation examples that some care is needed when the Uplink gain is configured in a CSHP installation if optimum sensitivity is desired. However, rule of thumb setup will only cause a small BTS sensitivity degradation with a typical BTS, but Repeater cell sensitivity will not be optimum. Note that feeder looses between Repeater server antenna and Remote unit are not included in the calculations. Repeater Unit Noise Figure versus gain For all calculations in this document, the Noise figure of a sample CSHP Repeater from production was used. The values can be considered typical of the current revision, but may change without further notice.
Attenuation Setting 0 2 4 6 8
Donor Unit Gain 42 40 38 36 34
Donor Unit Noise Figure 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,6 3,7
Remote Unit Gain 102 100 98 96 94
Remote Unit Noise figure 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5
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10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12
3,8 4,0 4,3 4,8 5,4 6,3 7,3 8,5 9,8 11,4 13,0
92 90 88 86 84 82 80 78 76 74 72
3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,6 3,8 4,0 4,3 4,7
4.1.6 Engineering Considerations

4.1.6.1 Channel Separation Avitec recommends a spacing of two GSM channels between the carriers in the amplifier chains. These two "guard channels" create a centre-to-centre separation of 600 kHz. Decreasing the spacing may lead to degraded performance. 4.1.6.2 Minimum Link Channel Spacing When setting up a frequency translating repeater Avitec recommends a spacing of two GSM channels between the link frequency and the radio frequency. These two "guard channels" create a centre-to-centre separation of 600 kHz. Decreasing the spacing may lead to degraded performance. 4.1.6.3 Gain Adjustment Use only the required power to cover blind spots or coverage areas, to minimize border overlap with the donor BTS Optimize repeater gain levels to achieve system path balance and an acceptable noise level contribution Reflections, phase fluctuations and other variables can all affect the quality of radio traffic and on site adjustments and measurement will always have to be carried out to ensure reliable radio communication.
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4.1.6.4 Overlapping Coverage Ideally, the repeater system will be engineered with minimal overlapping coverage between the donor base station and the repeater. However, the mobile unit will occasionally receive signals from both the donor and the repeater at similar levels. This situation is comparable to a mobile receiving multiple signals at varying times due to multi-path propagation. The GSM standards require that systems must accommodate up to 16s of multi-path delay for two received signals that are less than or equal to 10dB apart. The CSR922 repeater contributes a maximum signal delay of 6s. 4.1.6.5 Are calls possible on link frequencies for frequency translating repeaters? Calls cannot be connected via the link frequencies for the following reasons. The mobile station (MS) searches for the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) beamed from the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Even though the MS may find the frequency translated link signal BCCH transmission; it will not be possible to initiate a call through it. When a call is initiated, the BTS switches from BCCH to the Stand Alone Control Channel (SDCCH), which (apart from other information) instructs the MS which frequency (ARFCN) to use during the call. This makes the MS switch back to the non-frequency translated ARFCN (BTS frequency), where it will find no BTS signal and the call is aborted. The same is true when logging into the network. Note! The BCCH, SDCCH, and TCH channels are logical GSM channels, not to be confused with Absolute Radio Frequency Channels (ARFCN). Only the latter are associated with specific frequencies. 4.1.6.6 Frequency Hopping and Repeaters Frequency hopping usually means that the input baseband traffic at frame level is switched between fixed frequency RF-channels. In order for the hopping to be effective, four or more channels are used. The Avitec channel selective repeater with appropriate number of channels can function with this kind of hopping. However, frequency hopping can also mean that the frequency of each transceiver is changed in phase with transmission frames. This is usually called synthesized hopping. Being more complex than the baseband type, it has not been widely implemented in GSM networks. When GSM is evolving into EDGE, traffic will be IP-packet based. IP-traffic studies show that frequency hopping does not improve the capacity or performance of the channel. A tendency is that frequency hopping will not be frequently used in EDGE networks.
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4.2
Install the Repeater
Instructions in the left column are fast track instructions and can be used by experienced users. Other users are recommended to read the complete text in this installation guide
4.2.1 Unpack the Repeater

Unpack the repeater Inspect the shipped material before unpacking the equipment, document any visual damage and report according to routines. A delivery of a repeater from Avitec contains: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Checklist with delivered items Repeater Wall mounting kit or rack mounting kit (defined in order) 4 bolts for attaching repeater to mounting kit Cable cover Keys to repeater and cable cover Power connector (AC or DC defined in order) External alarm connector CD containing Product Description and Users Manual Any other specifically ordered item
4.2.2 Mount the Repeater

Mount the repeater on a wall, on a pole or in a rack Mount the repeater in an accessible location and in a location that fulfils the environmental requirements. The repeater can be mounted on the wall, on a pole or in a 19 inch rack. The Repeater is delivered with a wall mounting kit or a rack mounting kit. The repeater needs to be mounted tightly to eliminate vibrations
Wall mounting kit
Rack mounting kit
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Ensure proper ventilation
Mount the repeater so that heat can be dispersed from it. The repeater wall mounting kit ensures an optimum airflow between the wall and the repeater itself. Do not block this air channel as it will cause the MTBF of the repeater to drop dramatically, or even in the worst case cause the repeater to fail completely. If possible use a wall in the shadow to minimize the overall sun loading. If sufficient shielding cannot be obtained, an additional sun shield should be mounted.
Example of a sun shield
4.2.3 Ensure Proper Grounding

Connect the grounding protection Ensure that good grounding protection measures are taken to create a reliable repeater site. Make sure to use adequately dimensioned grounding cables. The minimum recommended conductive area for a grounding cable is 16mm2. The antenna cabling should be connected to ground every 10m by a reliable grounding kit. Make sure the grounding product used is suitable for the kind and size of cable being used. Connect the repeater box bolt to the same ground.
Ground
Ground connector on repeater
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4.2.4 Ensure Good EMV Protection (Lightning)

Caution! If insufficient Electro magnetic Protection is provided, or if EMV measures are not taken, warranties issued by Avitec are not valid. Connect the lightning protection The lightning hazard to electric and electronic equipment consists in the interferences of direct lightning current infections and high surge voltages induced by the electromagnetic field of nearby lightning channels or down conductors. Amplitudes from cloud-to-earth lightning amounts to several 10kA and may last longer than 2 ms. The damage caused depends on the energy involved and on the sensitivity of the electronics systems. Ensure that lightning protection measures are taken to create a reliable repeater site. Protect all coaxial cables and power cables from the transients caused by lightning. Fit all cables with suitable lightning protection devices. For detailed information please refer to IEC 61024-1 and 61312-1 for international standards for protection of information systems against LEMP, Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse, including radio transmitters. They define proper planning, installation and inspection of effective lightning protection systems.
The top of the mast must be higher than the antennas and be properly grounded
Antennas
The grounding path must have reliable continuity and be correctly dimensioned
Primary Protective Devices
Equipotential Grounding Bars Repeater Secondary Protective Devices Protective Device
230V AC/48V DC
The Avitec repeaters comply with the EN standard ETS 301 498-8 which stipulates demands on lightning/surge protection for typical
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infrastructure telecom equipment installations. Several lightning protection devices should be used in series with declining threshold voltages to help attenuate the pulse component which makes it through the first layer of protection. The primary protective device is part of the site installation and is not supplied by Avitec. Coaxial lightning protection is normally one of these three types: Gas capsule, High-pass and Bandpass. There also need to be a protective device installed on the power supply cord.
Protective device installed in connection with the power supply
4.2.5 Attach Antenna Cables

Note! For Frequency Translating Repeaters see also 4.2.7 Mount the Coupler For site installation advice and descriptions of antenna installation see 4.1 Prepare the Site. Connectors The connector to the directional coupler (frequency translating repeaters donor unit) is N-type female. Antenna connections are DIN 7/16 connectors, female. Compatibility Make sure that cables and connectors are compatible. Using cables and connectors from the same manufacturer is helpful. Connectors All connectors must be clean and dry
Note!
Attach the antenna cables to the repeater antenna connections
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Waterproof all outdoor connections
Waterproof all outdoor connections using silicone, vulcanizable tape or other suitable substance as moisture and dust can impair RF characteristics. Make sure enough room has been allocated for the bending radius of the cable. RF cables must not be kinked, cut or damaged in any way Connect the RF cables to the antennas tightly but without damaging threads Fasten cables tight to cable ladder or aluminum sheet Cable Dimensions For short length of feeder cables use , for longer feeder cables use 7/8. Chose thicker coax cables for lower attenuation. Minimize the length of the coax cables to reduce the attenuation Jumper Cables Use jumper cables for easy installation. The RF Coaxial cable can be substituted at each end with a jumper cable.
4.2.6 Supply Power to the Repeater

Caution! The antenna cables must be connected to the repeater before mains power is switched on. Alternatively the antenna connections on the repeater can be terminated with 50ohm termination plugs. Note! Connect the repeater to the power supply Avitec repeaters can be fed by 110/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz or 48 VDC. Ensure that the right voltage is used. Mains power is connected to the repeater at the bottom of the repeater. A connector is included with the repeater (cable is not included). 230VAC or 110 VAC Connect the power cable to the supplied connector according to the pin layout below. The phase wire to pin 1, the neutral wire to pin 2 and the ground to pin 3 (labeled with a ground symbol). The cables can be soldered or crimped with a tool (for instance the Hypertac B179 and extension B252.)
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230 VAC / 110 VAC
Pin # Signal
4 2 6 1
1 2 3 4 5 6
Brown Blue GND NC NC NC
Pin layout for the AC power connector 48 VDC Connect the power cable to the supplied connector according to the pin layout below. The positive wire to pin 1 and the negative wire to pin 3. The cable can be soldered or crimped with a tool (for instance the Hypertac B179 and extension B252.)
-48 VDC
Pin # Signal
1 3 4 A
Polarity +
D B C
1 2 3 4 A B C D
Brown NC Blue NC NC NC NC NC
Pin layout for the DC power connector Recommended cable areas

0 - 10 meters between repeater and power supply 10 50 meters between repeater and power supply Over 50 meters between repeater and power supply 2,5 mm 4 mm Recommendation is to reconfigure the installation, or to make special arrangements to increase cable area
Requirements on 48 V power supply The 48V power supply must comply with SELV requirements, as defined in EN60950, which implies double isolation. The output power needs to be 48VDC +25%/-15%.
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For a 2 channel repeater the maximum input current is 8A, for a 4channel repeater 16A. Note! In 4-channel repeaters there are two power supplies one in each part of the box. Each power supply has its own power switch. Both need to be switched on. Backup Battery There is a back-up battery installed in connection with the power supply. If there is a power failure the battery will supply enough power for the Control Module in the repeater to send information about the power failure. The backup battery can be switched on an off separately. The switch is placed adjacent to the mains power switch on the power supply. In 4-channel repeaters there is a backup battery only in connection to the main power supply unit. At delivery the back-up battery is connected. It can be replaced by lifting the battery pack out of the crate and disconnecting the cable.
Back-up battery
Connector
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4.2.7 Mount the Coupler

Caution! When the coupler is connected the affected base station sector needs to be taken out of service. Turn the base station off before detaching the cable to the base station cell antenna. It might shut down the whole network chose an off-peak time for this installation. Note! The Coupler is used only in connection with Frequency Translating Repeaters The connection between the donor unit and the BTS is made using an Avitec Coupler. The attenuation from the BTS to the repeater is -30 dB. The attenuation through the coupler from the BTS to the antenna is minimal.
Mount the coupler
Avitec Coupler The coupler is connected in series with the BTS antenna. J1 and J2 are used for the connection of the coupler in-between the BTS and the cable to the BTS antenna.
To Antenna Link Antenna
7/16 type connector 50 termination
RF Coaxial cable -30dB Coupler

7/16 type connector
Repeater
BTS
Coupler connections
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J3 or J4 is connected to the repeater donor unit depending on the orientation of the coupler. If J1 is connected to the BTS; J3 is used for connection with the repeater, if J2 is connected to the BTS; J4 is used for connection with the repeater. The connector not used (J3 or J4) must be terminated with a 50 ohm termination plug and sealed to prevent the ingression of dust and water. ! ! J1 and J2 are DIN 7/16 connectors, one male and one female J3 and J4 are N-type connectors, female
1. Disconnect the antenna from the base station 2. Decide whether to connect a filter in series with the antenna cable (between the coupler and the antenna) to prevent any disturbances from the repeater to reach the antenna 3. Attach the coupler in-between the base station and the antenna cable. (J1 and J2). 4. Attach the coupler connector closest to the base station to the repeater donor antenna connector 5. Attach a 50 ohm termination to the connector closest to the antenna connection 6. Turn the base station back on and verify that it is operational. 7. Seal the coupler with rubber tape. Start on the base station antenna cable and wrap to the base station port cable. Wrap in a circular motion downwards. Cover the coupler and its connecting parts completely. This will provide a weather resistant seal. Complete by adding three layers of PVC tape for UV protection.
4.2.8 Connect External Alarms

Connect external alarms If the repeater is equipped with an external alarm interface card the connector for the external alarms is located at the bottom of the repeater. A female connector is included with the repeater (cords are not included). Connect the alarm cords to the supplied female connector according to the pin layout below (in the standard version pins 14 17 are not used).
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Pin #
12 1 2 13 3 11 17 10
Signal External alarm 1A External alarm 1B External alarm 2A External alarm 2B External alarm 3A External alarm 3B External alarm 4A External alarm 4B Alarm +15V Alarm 0V Relay A Relay B GND NC NC NC NC
16
9 4 8 15
14
5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
The pin layout shows the female plug from the outside External Alarm Four external alarm sources can be connected to the repeater. These alarms operate on a voltage between 12 and 24VDC. The presence or absence of this voltage will trigger the alarm depending on how the alarm polarity has been configured via software. The alarms can be configured active-low or active-high, so that the alarm is given either in the presence or absence of applied power. Active high means that an applied voltage of between 12 and 24 V will cause the external alarm indicator to turn red. Active low means that when there is no voltage the alarm indicator will turn red. The repeater can supply +15 VDC to an external alarm source through pin 9 and 10. The maximum allowed load is 50mA. The repeater contains a relay (pin 11 and 12) that can be connected to an external device to indicate an alarm. The relay can be configured to trigger on any number of internal and external alarms. The maximum current that can be supplied is 50mA. For configuration of external alarms see section 4.4.4 Alarm Configuration.
4.2.9 Close Repeater

Close repeater Close lid and lock repeater, or continue with the next section: Start-up the Repeater
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4.3
Start-up the Repeater

Caution!
Make sure the antenna cables or 50 ohm terminations are connected to the repeaters antenna connectors before the repeater is turned on. Install the RMC Connect to the LMT port Install the RMC software on a computer from a CD or a diskette. Open the repeater and connect the computer to the LMT port via a DB9 male connector with serial RS232 interface.
LMT port The communication parameters are set automatically by the RMC. Switch the repeater on Switch the repeater on by using the power switch on the power supply. See caution above!
Power switch Note! The power switch has two positions; on and stand by. In the stand by position the repeater is still connected to the mains power but not operational. On 4-channel models both mains power supplies need to be switched on.
Note!
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Check power supply LEDs
Power Supply LED Check the LEDs on the Power unit and Control Module to ensure that normal operation conditions have been attained. The power supply has 4 LEDs to indicate the status.
Mains Power
+6V
+15V
+28V
LED 1: Mains Power, green Slow flash OFF LED 2: +6V, red Slow flash (every 10 seconds) Quick flash LED 3: +15V, red Slow flash (every 10 seconds) Quick flash +15V power supply operating +15V power supply not operating or operating with malfunction +6V power supply operating +6V power supply not operating or operating with malfunction Power supply unit operating on AC or DC Power supply unit not operating
LED 4: +28V, red Slow flash (every 10 seconds) Quick flash +28V power supply operating +28V power supply not operating or operating with malfunction
Examples LED 1 is flashing slowly, LED 2 4 are flashing slowly (once every 10 seconds)
Mains Power +6V +15V +28V
=> power supply unit is operating without problem LED 1 is flashing slowly, one or two of the red LEDs are flashing quickly
Mains Power
+6V
+15V
+28V
=> Mains power is operating but there is a problem with some of the other voltages
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LED 1 is flashing slowly, all of the red LEDs are flashing quickly
Mains Power +6V +15V +28V
=> Mains power is out and unit is operating on backup battery
Check Control Module LEDs
Control Module LED The Control Module has 3 LEDs to indicate the status.
1 2 3
LED 1: green OFF Permanent ON Slow Flash Quick flash GSM Module switched OFF GSM Module Switched on, not registered on network GSM Module switched on, registered on network (approximately 1 flash per second) Module switched on, registered on network, call active (approximately 3 flashes per second)
LED 2: red OFF Slow Flash Quick flash Control Module switched OFF Control Module switched on, status OK (once every 10 seconds) Control Module switched on, one or more errors / alarms detected (except door status)
LED 3: blue OFF Slow Flash Quick flash Control Module switched OFF, or no one logged in Control Module switched on, nobody logged in locally OK (once every 10 seconds) Control Module switched on, someone logged in remotely or locally
Start the RMC Select Cable connection
The RMC can be started from the Start menu (or by clicking on the RMC icon, if made available).
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Select communication port Enter user name and password
These are the default settings: User Name Password Authority USERNAM1 PASSWRD1 read/write USERNAM2 PASSWRD2 read/write USERNAM3 PASSWRD3 read only USERNAM4 PASSWRD4 read only The system does not differentiate between upper and lower case letters. Note! Note! Do not use the number pad when entering numbers. Failed login attempts are logged. Default maximum number is 8. It is decremented by one every hour, which means that it takes one hour after the last failed attempt before a new try can be made.
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4.3.1 Choose Work View

Choose Console mode, Terminal mode or Firmware mode
Console mode
The console mode displays a large number of repeater parameters and contains a number of console pages. It adjusts its user interface to adapt to the features of the connected repeater. Terminal mode
The terminal mode is used for communication with the repeater using its native command line interface. This interface follows the VT100 standard. For some special actions and error tracing, this mode gives an enhanced availability of the repeater. Firmware mode
The firmware mode is used for monitoring the currently installed software and for uploading new software to the repeater.
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4.4
Configure the Repeater
Configuration of a repeater is made partially on site and partially remotely through the AEM. At site the RF parameters are set and verified, the repeater is given a name (a tag) and the remote communication is set and verified. All other configuration can, and should be made from the AEM.
4.4.1 Set up RF Configuration

4.4.1.1 Channel Selective Repeaters Ensure online communication with the repeater Initiate communication This instruction is based on using the RMC
Select Console mode Select RF/Status window
Channel number
Attenuation Power level Saturation level
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Set all attenuation levels to maximum
Set Attenuation to the maximum value in all chains uplink and downlink. Choose the maximum attenuation value from the drop down menu.
Set power level downlink
Set output Power Level to the desired value for the downlink in all chains. Choose the value from the drop down menu. This value can be based on a link budget, or be the maximum output the repeater can generate.
Turn off the uplink
Set output Power level in the uplink to off in all chains
In the Power level menu the output power can be limited to a specific value or the output power can be switched off completely by choosing off. Set channel numbers Note! Adjust attenuation in downlink Set the channel numbers for all chains The channel in chain 1 must always contain the BCCH. Start with chain 1 downlink. Lower the attenuation level in chain 1 downlink step by step and monitor the saturation level. Zero attenuation is the same as maximum gain. The saturation level is indicated with plain text as well as with a LED. The saturation level can be: Low (green), Ok (green), High (yellow) or Critical (red). The optimal level is Ok, on the verge of High. To reach this value lower the attenuation step by step until the saturation reaches High. Then raise the attenuation one step. The saturation should now be back on Ok. Adjust attenuation for all chains Note! Set the same attenuation for the downlink in chain 2 as in chain 1. For 4-channel repeaters also set the same value for chain 3 and 4. All channels that are not to be used should always be switched off. (Set Power Level to off.)
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Adjust attenuation in uplink Set power level uplink Note! Make an antenna isolation test
Set attenuation level for the uplink to the same value as the downlink. Repeat for all chains. Set power level for the uplink to the same value as the downlink. Repeat for all chains. All channels that are not to be used should always be switched off. (Set Power Level to off.) See 4.1.3 Antenna Isolation
4.4.1.2 Frequency Translating Repeaters Start with the Donor unit Follow the instruction for Channel Selective Repeaters above with these differences: ! ! ! Configure the Remote unit Also set the channel numbers for the link channels. Set the link channel Power Level as low as possible. The signal strength only needs to be high enough to reach the remote site. Set the uplink power level based on the input requirements from the BTS.
Follow the instruction for Channel Selective Repeaters above with these differences: ! ! Also set the channel number for the link channels. Set the same power level for the link channel as at the Donor unit.
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4.4.2 Set Repeater name (TAG)

Set Repeater name (TAG) Select Console mode Select Configuration window Select Product page
Give the repeater a unique name.
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4.4.3 Set up Remote Access

Insert the SIM card Make sure the SIM card has a Data Call/SMS number and is activated.
Modem next to the LMT port
Pen SIM card holder
SIM card holder Insert the SIM card by pressing the lever on the left side of the card holder on the modem (with a pen or another narrow item) so that the card holder pops up. Insert the SIM card and press the card holder back into place. 4.4.3.1 Data Call Note! If the repeater should be controlled by the AEM this Data Call configuration needs to be made. Set modem parameters Select Console mode Select Configuration window Select Communication page
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Pin Code Data Call Initialization string Connect times
1. Choose Data Call 2. Set pin code, if the SIM card has PIN code request enabled 3. Set modem initialization string. This string differs between networks. Primary recommendation is AT+CBST=7,0,1. If remote communication cannot be established try 7,0,3 or 0,0,3 or 0,0,1. 4. Leave Network Connect Time and Modem Connect Time at default values. 5. Tick Enable Automatic Modem Power Cycling for the modem to be power cycled once every 24 hours. Set the time at which the modem should be tested. This function ensures that the repeater always is logged in to the network. Data call address
Do not set this address from the repeater. It will be set by the AEM. Note! Do not set addresses for the Data Call. The AEM will call the repeater after the installation is ready an initiate this communication.
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Power Cycle Modem
Select Actions and initiate a Power Cycle Modem Logout from the drop-down menu. Log out Select terminal mode Type <LOGOUT> Note! Wait Do not choose Disconnect.
Wait until verification is ready Log in remotely Select Modem connection Select communication port Save the repeaters phone number in the RMC phone book Test 4.4.3.2 SMS Note! AEM cannot be used if the repeater is configured for SMS communication. Set modem parameters Select Console mode Test that the remote access is functioning correctly Log in via the modem
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Select Configuration window Select Communication page Pin Code SMS Initialization string Connect times
1. Choose SMS 2. Set pin code, if the SIM card has PIN code request enabled 3. Set modem initialization string. This string differs between networks. Primary recommendation is AT+CBST=7,0,1. If remote communication cannot be established try 7,0,3 or 0,0,3 or 0,0,1. 4. Leave Network Connect Time and Modem Connect Time at default values. 5. Tick Enable Automatic Modem Power Cycling for the modem to be power cycled once every 24 hours. Set the time at which the modem should be tested. This function ensures that the repeater always is logged in to the network. Set SMS addresses
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Set SMS service centre address (the SMSC number to be used). Set Address 1. This is the address to which all SMS alarms and reports will be sent. Note! Always set this address. Set Address 2, 3 and 4 if needed. Power Cycle Modem
Select Actions and initiate a Power Cycle Modem Logout from the drop-down menu. Log out Select terminal mode Type <LOGOUT> Note! Wait Do not choose Disconnect.
Wait until verification is ready Log in remotely Select Modem connection Select communication port Save the repeaters phone number in the RMC phone book Test Test that the remote access is functioning correctly Log in via the modem
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4.4.4 Alarm Configuration

Monitor alarm set up Select Console mode Select Configuration window Select Alarms page Relay connection enabled Alarm enabled Acknowledgement is required BCCH alarm Trigger levels Delay time External alarms Relay test The alarm configuration is set up automatically and should be left unmodified, except for Power level downlink. Note! Power level downlink (BCCH) should be adjusted to fit the installation in regards to the output power set. In this example a 3 second drop below 35dBm will cause an alarm. Configure external alarms Four external alarms can be connected to the repeater. See section 4.2.8 Connect External Alarms. Set active high or active low for each of these four alarms.
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Test the relay
The built in relay can be tested by clicking on Test. The relay will then be closed for 3 seconds, open for 10 seconds and closed for 3 seconds.
4.4.5 Heartbeat Configuration

Monitor heartbeat set up Select Console mode Select Configuration window Select AEM Reports page Repetition cycle Retransmissions Repetition cycle
4.4.6 AEM Report Configuration

Monitor set up Select Console mode Select Configuration window Select AEM Reports page
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Heartbeat
Alarm
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4.5
Installation Checklists
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4.5.1 Channel Selective Repeater Installation

Check box when done 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Repeater Installation Ensure isolation between server and donor antenna is adequate, repeaters gain plus 10 25 dB (depending on situation) Measured isolation ____ Proper grounding made and EMV protection installed Cable from donor antenna connected to donor antenna port Cable to server antenna connected to server antenna port Mains cable connected to the repeater unit Cable protection cover bolted to repeater unit, any outdoor connections waterproofed Repeater Unit Setup Repeater switched on Power Supply led and Control Module led shows no error Channels set to: 1 ___ 2 ___ 3___ 4___ BCCH in chain 1 Power level channel 1 downlink set to _____ Attenuation channel 1 downlink set to ___ (saturation level checked) Power level channel 1 uplink set to same as downlink Attenuation channel 1 uplink set to same as downlink Power level and attenuation channel 2, 3 and 4 set to same levels as channel 1 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
2.10 Power Supply led and Control Module led shows no error 2.11 Output power downlink channel 1 ____ (reading from RMC) 2.12 Repeater TAG set to ___________ 2.13 Repeater secured and locked Installation date:_______________ Installer signature:_____________________
Site name: ________________Site number: ______________ GPS coordinates:________
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4.5.2 Preparation Sheet, Frequency Translating Repeater

General Channels to be repeated____ and _____ => to donor checklist Link channel (s) to be used ___ and ___ => to donor checklist Donor Unit BTS output power Feeder loss between BTS and coupler Coupling loss in coupler Feeder loss between coupler and donor unit Downlink input power to donor unit (P_in) Desired link power (Plink): (+37/+34/+31dBm) => to donor checklist (Power level downlink) Required donor downlink gain (G) = Plink Pin Donor downlink attenuation = 42 G (SD) / 45 - G (DD) Attenuation setting to be used (closest larger even number) => to donor checklist (Attenuation downlink) Desired uplink ALC level -10/-13/-16 (SD) / -7/-10/-13 (DD) => to donor checklist (Power level uplink) Link path Donor link antenna feeder loss Donor link antenna gain Link path loss Remote link antenna gain Remote link antenna feeder loss Total link loss (L) + + + = ___dB ___dBi ___dB ___dBi ___dB ___dB ___dBm = = ___dB ___dB ___ dB + = __dBm ___dB ___dB ___dB __dBm ___dBm*
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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Remote Unit Downlink input power from link antenna (Pin) = Plink-L Desired remote server power (Pout): 40/37/34 (IR) / 43/40/37 (ER) => to remote checklist (Power level downlink) Required remote downlink gain (G) = Pout Pin Remote unit downlink attenuation = 105G (IR) / 108-G (ER) Attenuation setting to be used (closest larger even number) => to remote checklist (Attenuation downlink) Desired link power (+37/+34/+31) => to remote checklist (Power level uplink) *Note! Link power should be the same for remote and donor Date:__________________ Calculated by:_____________________ Site Name: __________________________ Site Number: _____________________ ___dBm* = = ___dB ___dB ___dB ___dBm ___dBm
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4.5.3 Frequency Translating Repeater, Donor Unit

1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Coupler Installation -30dB Coupler installed on BTS main antenna feeder Type N connector closer to antenna terminated with 50 ohm plug Type N connector closer to BTS connected to donor cable BTS operating normally with coupler installed verified Coupler weatherproofed Donor Unit Installation Proper grounding made and EMV protection installed Cable from coupler connected to donor port Cable to link antenna connected to link antenna port Mains cable connected to the repeater unit Cable protection cover bolted to donor unit, any outdoor connections waterproofed Donor Unit Setup Donor unit switched on Power Supply led and Control Module led shows no error Channels set to: 1 ___ 2 ___ Link channels set to: 1 ___ 2 ___ Power level link channel 1 downlink set to _____ Attenuation link channel 1 downlink set to ___ (according to budget) Power level channel 1 uplink set to ___ (according to budget) Attenuation channel 1 uplink set to same as link channel downlink Power levels and attenuation link channel 2 and channel 2 set to same levels as link channel and channel 1 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Check box when done % % % % %
3.10 Power Supply led and Control Module led shows no error 3.11 Output power downlink channel 1 ____ (reading from RMC) 3.12 Repeater TAG set to _______________ 3.13 Repeater secured and locked Installation date:_______________ Installer signature:_____________________
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4.5.4 Frequency Translating Repeater, Remote Unit

Check box when done 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Remote Unit Installation Ensure adequate isolation between link and serving antenna (>75dB) Proper grounding made and EMV protection installed Cable from link antenna connected to link antenna port Cable to server antenna connected to server antenna port Mains cable connected to the repeater unit Cable protection cover bolted to donor unit, any outdoor connections waterproofed Remote Unit Setup Remote unit switched on Power Supply led and Control Module led shows no error Channels set to same as donor Link channels set to same as donor Power level channel 1 downlink set to ___ (according to budget) Attenuation channel 1 downlink set to ___ (according to budget) Power level link channel 1 uplink set to same as power level link channel 1 downlink in donor unit Attenuation link channel 1 uplink set to same as attenuation channel 1 downlink Power level and attenuation link channel 2 and channel 2 set to same levels as channel 1 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9
2.10 Power Supply led and Control Module led shows no error 2.11 Output power downlink channel 1 ____ (reading from RMC) 2.12 Repeater TAG set to ___ 2.13 Repeater secured and locked Installation date:_______________ Installer signature:_____________________
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5
5.1
Maintenance
General
The system normally operates without any operator intervention or maintenance. In the unlikely event of a unit failure, the field replaceable components (antenna unit, cables, etc.) should be checked and replaced if faulty and the system restored. A failed unit can be removed and replaced with a spare while the rest of the system (other repeaters) is operating. However, the power supply of the failed repeater should be isolated from AC mains and DC power before any module is replaced. Should the system malfunction, the condition of the antenna systems as well as the continuity of the cabling should be checked before replacing any of the repeater modules.
5.2
Preventive Maintenance
The Avitec repeaters do not require any preventative maintenance apart from changing the backup battery once every three years.
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6
6.1
Specifications
CSR 922
890 915 MHz (P-GSM900) 935 960 MHz (P-GSM900) 25 MHz 12 200 kHz channel spacing > 60 dB at 400 kHz > 70 dB at 600 kHz < 2 dB < - 109 dBm at S/N 9 dB 2.5 dB typical, < 3 dB at max gain +10 dBm 5.5 s typical +37 dBm GSM/ GMSK +34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +37 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at + 34 dBm < - 36 dBm (two carriers at + 37 dBm, 600 kHz spacing) < - 36 dBm for 9 kHz 1 GHz < - 30 dBm for 1 GHz 13 GHz 60 90 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps 50 ohm > 16 dB DIN 7/16 110/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz or 48 VDC 100 W typical / 200 W maximum (traffic dependent)
Electrical Specifications Frequency range Uplink, UL Frequency range Downlink, DL Operational bandwidth Number of channels Channel programming Selectivity Ripple in pass band Sensitivity Noise figure Maximum input level, non destructive Propagation delay Output power per carrier (UL/DL) Modulation Accuracy GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Intermodulation Spurious responses Gain System impedance Return loss at antenna connections Antenna connectors Electrical ratings Power Consumption
Avitec AB
144 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Mechanical Specifications Dimensions Enclosure Weight Environmental Specifications EMC Operating Temperature Storage Humidity MTBF Complies with See compliance below - 25 to + 55 C - 30 to + 70 C ETSI EN 300 019-2-4 (see compliance below) > 50000 hrs R&TTE Directive including ETS EN 301 502 (ETS EN 300 609-4/GSM 11.26) ETS EN 301 498-8 EN 60 950 470 x 340 x 145 mm Aluminum (IP 65) 16 kg
6.2
CSR 924
890 915 MHz (P-GSM900) 935 960 MHz (P-GSM900) 25 MHz 14 200 kHz channel spacing > 60 dB at 400 kHz > 70 dB at 600 kHz < 2 dB < - 108 dBm at S/N 9 dB 3 dB typical, < 3.5 dB at max gain +10 dBm 5.5 s typical +34 dBm GSM/ GMSK +31 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +34 dBm Preliminary version 12/10/2003 145 (162)
Electrical Specifications Frequency range Uplink, UL Frequency range Downlink, DL Operational bandwidth Number of channels Channel programming Selectivity Ripple in pass band Sensitivity Noise figure Maximum input level, non destructive Propagation delay Output power per carrier (UL/DL) Modulation Accuracy GSM / GMSK Avitec AB
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
EDGE / 8-PSK Intermodulation Spurious responses Gain System impedance Return loss at antenna connections Antenna connectors Electrical ratings Power Consumption Mechanical Specifications Dimensions Enclosure Weight Environmental Specifications EMC Operating Temperature Storage Humidity MTBF Complies with
< 3 % EVM RMS at +31 dBm < - 36 dBm (two carriers at + 34 dBm, 600 kHz spacing) < - 36 dBm for 9 kHz 1 GHz < - 30 dBm for 1 GHz 13 GHz 54 84 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps 50 ohm > 16 dB DIN 7/16 110/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz or 48 VDC 180 W typical / 400 W maximum (traffic dependent)
470 x 340 x 220 mm Aluminum (IP 65) 30 kg
See compliance below - 25 to + 55 C - 30 to + 70 C ETSI EN 300 019-2-4 (see compliance below) > 50000 hrs R&TTE Directive including ETS EN 301 502 (ETS EN 300 609-4/GSM 11.26) ETS EN 301 498-8 EN 60 950
6.3
CSR1822
1710 - 1785 MHz (DCS-1800) 1805 - 1885 MHz (DCS-1800) 75 MHz 1-2 Preliminary version 12/10/2003 146 (162)
Electrical Specifications Frequency range Uplink, UL Frequency range Downlink, DL Operational bandwidth Number of channels Avitec AB
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Channel programming Selectivity Ripple in passband Sensitivity Noise figure Maximum input level, non destructive Propagation delay Output power per carrier (UL/DL) Modulation Accuracy GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Intermodulation Spurious responses Gain System impedance Return loss at antenna connections Antenna connectors Electrical ratings Power Consumption Mechanical Specifications Dimensions Enclosure Weight Environmental Specifications EMC Operating Temperature Storage Humidity MTBF
200 kHz Channel spacing > 60 dB at 400 kHz >70 dB at 600 kHz < 2 dB < - 109 dBm at S/N 9 dB 2.5 dB typical, < 3 dB at max gain + 10 dBm 5,5 s typical + 37dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +37 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at + 34 dBm < - 36 dBm (two carriers at + 37 dBm, 600 kHz spacing) < - 36 dBm for 9 kHz - 1 GHz < - 30 dBm for 1 GHz - 13 GHz 60 - 90 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps 50 ohm > 16 dB DIN 7/16 110/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz or 48 VDC 100 W typical / 200 W maximum (traffic dependent)
See compliance below - 25 to + 55 C - 30 to + 70 C ETSI EN 300 019-2-4 (see compliance below) > 50000 hrs
Avitec AB
147 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Complies with
R& TTE Directive including ETS EN 301 502 (ETS EN 300 609-4 / GSM 11.26 ) ETS EN 301 498-8 EN 60 950
6.4
CSR1824
1710 - 1785 MHz (DCS-1800) 1805 - 1885 MHz (DCS-1800) 75 MHz 1-4 200 kHz channel spacing > 60 dB at 400 kHz >70 dB at 600 kHz < 2 dB < - 108 dBm at S/N 9 dB 3 dB typical, < 3,5 dB at max gain + 10 dBm 5,5 s typical + 34 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 31 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +37 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at + 34 dBm < - 36 dBm (two carriers at + 34 dBm, 600 kHz spacing) < - 36 dBm for 9 kHz - 1 GHz < - 30 dBm for 1 GHz - 13 GHz 54 - 84 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps. 50 ohm > 16 dB DIN 7/16 110/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz or 48 VDC 180 W typical / 400 W maximum (traffic dependent)
Electrical Specifications Frequency range Uplink, UL Frequency range Downlink, DL Operational bandwidth Number of channels Channel programming Selectivity Ripple in passband Sensitivity Maximum input level, non destructive Propagation delay Output power per carrier (UL/DL ) Modulation Accuracy GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Intermodulation Spurious responses Gain System impedance Return loss at antenna connections Antenna connectors Electrical ratings Power Consumption
Avitec AB
148 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Mechanical Specifications Dimensions Enclosure Weight Environmental Specifications EMC Operating Temperature Storage Humidity MTBF Complies with See compliance below - 25 to + 55 C - 30 to + 70 C ETSI EN 300 019-2-4 (see compliance below) > 50000 hrs R& TTE Directive including ETS EN 301 502 (ETS EN 300 609-4 / GSM 11.26 ) ETS EN 301 498-8 EN 60 950 470 x 340 x 220 mm Aluminum (IP 65) 30 kg
6.5
CSR1922
1850 - 1910 MHz (PCS-1900) 1930 - 1990 MHz (PCS-1900) 60 MHz 1-2 200 kHz Channel spacing > 60 dB at 400 kHz >70 dB at 600 kHz < 2 dB < - 109 dBm at S/N 9 dB 2.5 dB typical, < 3 dB at max gain + 10 dBm 5,5 s typical + 37dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +37 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at + 34 dBm Preliminary version 12/10/2003 149 (162)
Electrical Specifications Frequency range Uplink, UL Frequency range Downlink, DL Operational bandwidth Number of channels Channel programming Selectivity Ripple in passband Sensitivity Noise figure Maximum input level, non destructive Propagation delay Output power per carrier (UL/DL) Modulation Accuracy GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Avitec AB
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Intermodulation Spurious responses Gain System impedance Return loss at antenna connections Antenna connectors Electrical ratings Power Consumption Mechanical Specifications Dimensions Enclosure Weight Environmental Specifications EMC Operating Temperature Storage Humidity MTBF Complies with
< - 36 dBm (two carriers at + 37 dBm, 600 kHz spacing) < - 36 dBm for 9 kHz - 1 GHz < - 30 dBm for 1 GHz - 13 GHz 60 - 90 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps 50 ohm > 16 dB DIN 7/16 110/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz or 48 VDC 100 W typical / 200 W maximum (traffic dependent)
See compliance below - 25 to + 55 C - 30 to + 70 C ETSI EN 300 019-2-4 (see compliance below) > 50000 hrs R& TTE Directive including ETS EN 301 502 (ETS EN 300 609-4 / GSM 11.26 ) ETS EN 301 498-8 EN 60 950
6.6
CSR1924
1850 - 1910 MHz (PCS-1900) 1930 - 1990 MHz (PCS-1900) 60 MHz 1-4 200 kHz channel spacing
Electrical Specifications Frequency range Uplink, UL Frequency range Downlink, DL Operational bandwidth Number of channels Channel programming
Avitec AB
150 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Selectivity Ripple in passband Sensitivity Maximum input level, non destructive Propagation delay Output power per carrier (UL/DL ) Modulation Accuracy GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Intermodulation Spurious responses Gain System impedance Return loss at antenna connections Antenna connectors Electrical ratings Power Consumption Mechanical Specifications Dimensions Enclosure Weight Environmental Specifications EMC Operating Temperature Storage Humidity MTBF Complies with
> 60 dB at 400 kHz >70 dB at 600 kHz < 2 dB < - 108 dBm at S/N 9 dB 3 dB typical, < 3,5 dB at max gain + 10 dBm 5,5 s typical + 34 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 31 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +37 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at + 34 dBm < - 36 dBm (two carriers at + 34 dBm, 600 kHz spacing) < - 36 dBm for 9 kHz - 1 GHz < - 30 dBm for 1 GHz - 13 GHz 54 - 84 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps 50 ohm > 16 dB DIN 7/16 110/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz or 48 VDC 180 W typical / 400 W maximum (traffic dependent)
See compliance below - 25 to + 55 C - 30 to + 70 C ETSI EN 300 019-2-4 (see compliance below) > 50000 hrs R& TTE Directive including ETS EN 301 502 (ETS EN 300 609-4 / GSM
Avitec AB
151 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
11.26 ) ETS EN 301 498-8 EN 60 950
6.7
CSFT 922
890 915 MHz (P-GSM900) 935 960 MHz (P-GSM900) 25 MHz 12 200 kHz Channel spacing > 60 dB at 400 kHz > 70 dB at 600 kHz < 2 dB
Electrical Specification Frequency range Uplink (UL) Frequency range Downlink (DL) Operational bandwidth Number of channels Channel programming Selectivity Ripple in passband Sensitivity Donor unit (SD) and (DD) UL DL Remote unit (IR) and (ER) Noise figure Donor unit (SD) and (DD) UL DL Remote unit (IR) and (ER) UL/DL Maximum input level, no damage Donor unit (SD) and (DD) UL DL Remote unit (IR) and (ER) UL/DL + 23 dBm + 10 dBm + 10 dBm 2.5 dB typical, < 3 dB at max gain N/A 2.5 dB typical, < 3 dB at max gain < - 109 dBm at S/N 9 dB N/A < - 109 dBm at S/N 9 dB
Avitec AB
152 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Propagation delay Output power per carrier Donor unit (SD) DL UL Donor unit (DD) DL UL Remote unit (IR) DL UL Remote unit (ER) DL UL
5.5 s typical
+ 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power - 10 dBm GSM/ GMSK - 13 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power - 7 dBm GSM/ GMSK - 10 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 40 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 37 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 43 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 40 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power
Gain Donor unit (SD) Donor unit (DD) Remote unit (IR) DL/UL Remote unit (ER) DL/UL Gain Flatness (200 kHz BW) Gain Flatness (15 MHz BW) Input to Link Channel Frequency Error 78 - 108 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps 1 dB 1 dB < 1 x 10-9 75 - 105 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps max 42 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps max 45 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps
Avitec AB
153 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Modulation Accuracy Donor unit (SD) and (DD) DL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK UL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Remote unit (IR) DL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK UL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Remote unit (ER) DL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK UL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Intermodulation Donor unit (SD) and (DD) < -36 dBm (two carriers at + 33 dBm DL, 600 kHz spacing) < -70 dBm (two carriers at -10 dBm UL, 600 kHz spacing) < -36 dBm (two carriers at + 40 dBm DL, 600 kHz spacing) < -36 dBm (two carriers at +37 dBm UL, 600 kHz spacing) < -36 dBm (two carriers at + 43 dBm DL, 600 kHz spacing) < -36 dBm (two carriers at +37 dBm UL, 600 kHz spacing) < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +37 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at +34 dBm average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +43 dBm < 4 % EVM RMS at +40 dBm average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +37 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at +34 dBm average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +40 dBm < 4 % EVM RMS at +37 dBm average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at -10 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at -13 dBm average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +33 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at +30 dBm average power
Remote unit (IR)
Remote unit (ER)
Avitec AB
154 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Spurious responses System impedance Return loss at antenna connections Antenna connectors Electrical ratings Power Consumption Mechanical Specifications Dimensions Enclosure Weight Environmental Specifications EMC Operating Temperature Storage Humidity MTBF Complies with
< - 36 dBm for 9 kHz 1 GHz < - 30 dBm for 1 GHz 13 GHz 50 ohm > 16 dB DIN 7/16 110/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz or 48 VDC 100 W typical / 200 W maximum (traffic dependent)
See compliance below - 25 to + 55 C - 30 to + 70 C ETSI EN 300 019-2-4 (see compliance below) > 50000 hrs R& TTE Directive including ETS EN 301 502 (ETS EN 300 609-4 / GSM 11.26) ETS EN 301 498-8 EN 60 950
6.8
CSFT 1822
1710 - 1785 MHz (DCS 1800) 1805 - 1880 MHz (DCS 1800) 75 MHz 1-2 200 kHz Channel spacing > 60 dB at 400 kHz > 70 dB at 600 kHz
Electrical Specifications Frequency range Uplink, UL Frequency range Downlink, DL Operational bandwidth Number of channels Channel programming Selectivity
Avitec AB
155 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Ripple in passband Sensitivity Donor unit (SD) and (DD) UL DL Remote unit (IR) and (ER) Noise figure Donor unit (SD) and (DD) UL DL Remote unit (IR) and (ER) UL/DL Maximum input level, no damage Donor unit (SD) and (DD) UL DL Remote unit (IR) and (ER) UL/DL Propagation delay Output power per carrier Donor unit (SD) DL UL Donor unit (DD) DL UL Remote unit (IR)
< 2 dB
< - 109 dBm at S/N 9 dB N/A < - 109 dBm at S/N 9 dB
2.5 dB typical, < 3 dB at max gain N/A 2.5 dB typical, < 3 dB at max gain
+ 23 dBm + 10 dBm + 10 dBm 5,5 s typical
+ 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power - 10 dBm GSM/ GMSK - 13 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power - 10 dBm GSM/ GMSK - 13 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power
Avitec AB
156 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
DL UL Remote unit (ER) DL UL
+ 40 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 37 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 43 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 40 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power
Gain Donor unit (SD) Donor unit (DD) Remote unit (IR) DL/UL Remote unit (ER) DL/UL Gain Flatness (200 kHz BW) Gain Flatness (15 MHz BW) Input to Link Channel Frequency Error Modulation Accuracy Donor unit (SD) and (DD) DL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK UL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Remote unit (IR) DL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK UL Avitec AB Preliminary version 12/10/2003 157 (162) < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +40 dBm < 4 % EVM RMS at +37 dBm average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at -10 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at -13 dBm average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +33 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at +30 dBm average power 78 - 108 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps 1 dB 1 dB < 1 x 10-9 75 - 105 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps max 42 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps max 45 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Remote unit (ER) DL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK UL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Intermodulation Donor unit (SD) and (DD)
< 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +37 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at +34 dBm average power
< 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +43 dBm < 4 % EVM RMS at +40 dBm average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +37 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at +34 dBm average power
< -36 dBm (two carriers at + 33 dBm DL, 600 kHz spacing) < -70 dBm (two carriers at -10 dBm UL, 600 kHz spacing) < -36 dBm (two carriers at + 40 dBm DL, 600 kHz spacing) < -36 dBm (two carriers at +37 dBm UL, 600 kHz spacing) < -36 dBm (two carriers at + 43 dBm DL, 600 kHz spacing) < -36 dBm (two carriers at +37 dBm UL, 600 kHz spacing) < - 36 dBm for 9 kHz - 1 GHz < - 30 dBm for 1 GHz - 13 GHz 50 ohm > 16 dB DIN 7/16 110/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz or 48 VDC 100 W typical / 200 W maximum (traffic dependent)
Remote unit (IR)
Remote unit (ER)
Spurious responses System impedance Return loss at antenna connections Antenna connectors Electrical ratings Power Consumption Mechanical Specifications Dimensions Enclosure Weight Environmental Specifications
Avitec AB
158 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
EMC Operating Temperature Storage Humidity MTBF Complies with
See compliance below - 25 to + 55 C - 30 to + 70 C ETSI EN 300 019-2-4 (see compliance below) > 50000 hrs R& TTE Directive including ETS EN 301 502 (ETS EN 300 609-4 / GSM 11.26) ETS EN 301 498-8 EN 60 950
6.9
CSFT 1922
1850 - 1920 MHz (PS 1900) 1930 - 1990 MHz (PS 1900) 60 MHz 1-2 200 kHz Channel spacing > 60 dB at 400 kHz > 70 dB at 600 kHz < 2 dB
Electrical Specifications Frequency range Uplink, UL Frequency range Downlink, DL Operational bandwidth Number of channels Channel programming Selectivity Ripple in passband Sensitivity Donor unit (SD) and (DD) UL DL Remote unit (IR) and (ER) Noise figure Donor unit (SD) and (DD) UL DL Remote unit (IR) and (ER) UL/DL Maximum input level, no damage Avitec AB Preliminary version 12/10/2003 159 (162) 2.5 dB typical, < 3 dB at max gain N/A 2.5 dB typical, < 3 dB at max gain < - 109 dBm at S/N 9 dB N/A < - 109 dBm at S/N 9 dB
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Donor unit (SD) and (DD) UL DL Remote unit (IR) and (ER) UL/DL Propagation delay Output power per carrier Donor unit (SD) DL UL Donor unit (DD) DL UL Remote unit (IR) DL UL Remote unit (ER) DL UL + 43 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 40 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 40 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 37 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power - 7 dBm GSM/ GMSK - 10 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 37 dBm GSM/ GMSK + 34 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power - 10 dBm GSM/ GMSK - 13 dBm EDGE / 8-PSK average power + 23 dBm + 10 dBm + 10 dBm 5,5 s typical
Gain Donor unit (SD) Donor unit (DD) Remote unit (IR) DL/UL Remote unit (ER) DL/UL 78 - 108 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps 75 - 105 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps max 42 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps max 45 dB, adjustable, in 1 dB steps
Avitec AB
160 (162)
GSM-EDGE Repeaters
Gain Flatness (200 kHz BW) Gain Flatness (15 MHz BW) Link to output Channel Frequency Error Modulation Accuracy Donor unit (SD) and (DD) DL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK UL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Remote unit (IR) DL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK UL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Remote unit (ER) DL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK UL GSM / GMSK EDGE / 8-PSK Intermodulation Donor unit (SD) and (DD)
1 dB 1 dB < 1 x 10-9
< 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at +33 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at +30 dBm average power < 2.5 RMS and < 10 peak at -10 dBm < 3 % EVM RMS at -13 dBm average power
< -36 dBm (two carriers at + 33 dBm DL, 600 kHz spacing) < -70 dBm (two carriers at -10 dBm UL, 600 kHz spacing) < -36 dBm (two carriers at + 40 dBm DL, 600 kHz spacing)
Remote unit (IR)
Avitec AB
161 (162)

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GSM-EDGE Repeaters

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER'S MANUAL

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

Prepare the Site

4.1.1 Site Selection

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

4.1.3 Antenna Isolation

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

Initiate a single measurement

to monitor the result

Initiate regular measurements

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

Signal leaking over to donor antenna

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

4.1.4 Site Installation Advice

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

Site Installation Channel Selective Repeater

Coaxial cable diameter of or more is recommended

Channel Selective Repeater

7/16 type connectors, female

Site installation for channel selective repeaters

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

F6 and F7 Link Antenna 16mm2 Ground Cable

Server Antenna F1 and F2

Repeater Donor Unit

Repeater Remote Unit

16mm2 Ground Cable

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

Site Installation Frequency Translating Repeater

Link Antenna Coaxial cable diameter of or more is recommended 50 terminator

Single Donor Unit

N-type connector, female

7/16 type connector, female

Site Installation for Frequency Translating Repeater Single Donor Unit

BTS Antennas Link Antenna

Coaxial cable diameter of or more is recommended

N-type connectors, female

7/16 type connector, female

Site Installation for Frequency Translating Repeater Double Donor Unit

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

75dB (approximately 3 meters) is recommended

75dB (approximately 3 meters) is recommended

Server Antennas Coaxial cable diameter of or more is recommended

Coaxial cable diameter of or more is recommended

7/16 type connectors, female

7/16 type connectors, female

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

4.1.5 Link Budget

---------------- Link antenna at Remote site 15dBi

----------------------Free space path loss at 925MHz / 6.5km

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

----------------Link antenna at Remote site 15dBi

---------------------Free space path loss at 925MHz / 26km

--------------------------Link antenna at Donor site 15dBi

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

G=22dB G=-30dB NF=6.3dB NF=30dB

G=xdB NF=6dB NFtot=10.6dB Gtot = -3dB NFtot=5.5dB

Preliminary version 12/10/2003

G=26dB G=-30dB NF=4.8dB NF=30dB

G=xdB NF=6dB NFtot=6.8dB Gtot = +3dB NFtot=4.5dB