American Society for Quality

Complete Set of Leading Coefficients, (r, n), for Orthogonal Polynomials up to n = 26

Author(s): D. Wilkie
Reviewed work(s):
Source: Technometrics, Vol. 7, No. 4 (Nov., 1965), pp. 644-648
Published by: American Statistical Association and American Society for Quality
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1266402 .
Accessed: 16/12/2012 14:19
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

American Statistical Association and American Society for Quality are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize,
preserve and extend access to Technometrics.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded on Sun, 16 Dec 2012 14:19:45 PM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

VOL. 7, NO. 4

TECHNOMETRICS

1965
NOVEMBER,

CompleteSet of LeadingCoefficients, (r, n), for Orthogonal

PolynomialsUp To n = 26
D. WILKIE
The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
Seascale, Cumberland, England

Table XXIII by Fisher and Yates (1957) contains orthogonal polynomials up to n = 52

but for i' equal to 5 only. Table 47 of BiometrikaTables, Vol. I (1954) extend to 4' equal to 6.
DeLury's tables (1950) give complete sets of polynomials up to n = 26 but omit the leading
coefficients X(r, n) that make the polynomials positive or negative integers in their lowest
terms. Instead a formula that enables the values to be calculated is given. It is

(r,n)
X(r, n)=

1, n) (2r)! (n - 1 r)!
n-2n1)

where n is the number of equally spaced values of the independentvariable x; r is the degree
of the polynomial of interest; '(x, n) is that polynomial which takes only integral values
with no common integral divisors on the set (0, 1, 2,

, n -

..

1). Therefore

r(n -

1, n)

is the last member of the column for the relevant value of r in the table for the value of n
in question.
An alternative formula is
n-1

['(x,

n)]2

X(r, n) = ,-=?

(2)
[X(x)]mt5(x, n)

xzO

where
n--1

x=0

[t'(x, n)]2

is the sum of squaresgiven below the appropriatecolumn in the published tables of orthogonal
polynomials
X(x)

is

X1 -

Xo

x is the mean value of x

The coefficientsX(r,n) have been calculated and are presented in Table I. Besides supplementing DeLury's tables they enable the method of Fisher and Yates to be applied, using
DeLury's tables, to the fitting of polynomial equations of up to degree 25.
It is worth noting that two errorsappear in DeLury's tables. They are given in Table II.
These errors were found by checking the tables for orthogonality as expressed by the sums
of products.

Received Sept. 1964; revised May 1965.

644

This content downloaded on Sun, 16 Dec 2012 14:19:45 PM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

TABLE

Values of X(r, n) for n < 26

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

X(r)
0
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.00000E 00
1.00000OE00
1.00000E 00
1.00000E 00
1.00000E 00
.O00000E00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.00000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
l.OOOOE 00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
00
1.OOOOOE
1.OOOOOE
00

1
2.00000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
2.00000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
2.00000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
2.00000E 00
1.0000OE 00
2.00000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
2.00000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
2.00000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
2.00000E 00
00
1.OOOOOE
2.00000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
2.00000E 00
1.0000OE 00
2.00000E 00
00
1.OOOOOE
2.00000E 00
00
1.OOOOOE
2.00000E 00

3.00000OE 00
1.00000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.50000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
00
1.OOOOOE
3.00000E 00
5.00000E- 01
1.00000E 00
3.00000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
5.00000E- 01
3.00000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.50000E 00
1.OOOOOE
00
1.00000E 00
3.00000E 00
5.00000E- 01
1.00000E 00
3.00000E 00
.00000E 00
5.00000E- -01

3.33333E 00
8.33333E-01
1.66667E 00
1.66667E-01
6.66667E-01
8.33333E-01
1.66667E 00
8.33333E-01
6.66667E-01
1.66667E-01
1.66667E 00
8.33334E-01
3.33333E 00
1.66667E-01
3.33333E-01
8.33333E-01
3.33333E 00
8.33333E-01
3.33333E-01
1.66667E-01
3.33333E 00
8.33333E-01
1.66667E 00

2.91667E 00
5.83333E-01
5.83333E-01
5.83334E-01
5.83333E-01
4.16667E-01
8.33333E-02
2.91667E-01
5.83333E-01
5.83333E-01
2.91667E 00
5.83333E-01
8.33333E-02
8.33333E-02
5.83333E-01
1.45833E 00
5.83333E-01
5.83333E-01
5.83333E-01
8.33334E-02
4.16667E-01
5.83334E-01

This content downloaded on Sun, 16 Dec 2012 14:19:45 PM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

2.10000
3.50000
7.00000
1.50000
10.OOO
2.50000
1.50000
5.83334
2.33333
1.05000
1.00000
5.00000
3.00000
2.50000
3.50000
5.25000
2.33333
1.66667
3.00000
5.00000
.OO00

TABLE I-Continued

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

8
3.19196E-01
3.54663E-02
3.54663E-02
2.12798E-02
7.09326E-03
3.22421E-03
9.67262E-03
3.22421E-03
6.44841E-04
4.46428E-04
2.48016E-04
2.72818E-03
8.18453E-03
7.09327E-03
7.09325E-03
5.31995E-02
9.67263E-03
3.22421E-03

9
..................
1.33984E-01
1.33984E-02
2.67968E-02
1.21804E-03
2.43607E-03
6.09016E-03
2.43606E-03
9.36951E-05
1.87389E-04
9.36948E-05
9.36952E-04
1.03065E-03
2.06130E-03
6.69918E-03
1.21804E-03
1.79123E-04
1.43298E-04

10

11

12

............
1.76726E-02
1.47271E-03
2.94542E-03
3.39857E-04
4.53145E-04
1.61837E-05
9.71007E-05
1.13285E-04
4.53149E-04
1.69929E-04
1.13286E-04
3.33194E-06
5.71185E-06
6.18784E-06
8.66310E-05

5.64540E-03
4.34262E-04
4.34263E-04
6.20375E-05
6.20369E-05
6.20366E-05
6.20375E-05
1.08567E-04
2.17132E-04
1.27723E-05
1.82463E-06
1.82463E-06
1.82462E-06
1.24844E-06

...............
5.09139E-02
4.62853E-03
4.62853E-03
2.31427E-03
4.62853E-03
3.56039E-04
3.56040E-04
1.78020E-04
3.56041E-04
3.56043E-04
3.56042E-04
9.79114E-04
1.78020E-04
1.36134E-04
1.36134E-04
6.80664E-05

This content downloaded on Sun, 16 Dec 2012 14:19:45 PM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

....

..
1.6702
1.1930
2.3860
2.3860
4.7720
2.9825
5.9652
1.2281
1.4035
7.0177
7.0178
1.8468
3.6936

TABLE I-Continued

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

16
2.87284E-05
1.68989E-06
1.68993E-06
5.63320E-07
5.63306E-07
2.96477E-08
2.96470E-08
2.96468E-08
2.96487E-08
8.89462E-08

25
26

24
5.19752E-11
2.07892E-12

17

18

19

20

6.56057E-06
3.64494E-07
7.29038E-07
5.75518E-08
3.83662E-08
1.91831E-08
1.15103E-07
1.91852E-08
3.83661E-08

1.41743E-06
7.46080E-08
7.46065E-08
7.46018E-09
1.49198E-08
1.06572E-08
1.06589E-08
3.39120E-09

2.90579E-07
1.45285E-08
2.90556E-08
2.07529E-09
8.30090E-09
9.43523E-10
3.77413E-10

. . .

25
8.14793E-12

Note:
E No. = X 1ONO
= X 10-No?
E-No.

This content downloaded on Sun, 16 Dec 2012 14:19:45 PM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

5.66605E-08
2.69793E-09
2.69786E-09
7.35885E-10
2.45327E-10
1.06625E-11

1.053
4.788
9.577
2.082
4.164

NOTES

648

TABLE II
Errors in DeLury's Tables of Orthogonal Polynomials

Row

CorrectValue

22

18

-5,610

24

16

-14,911

Footnote: Biometrika Tables have not been completely checked, but one error has been
observed. For n = 46, r = 5 and row 23, the correct value is -3,300.
REFERENCES
1. DELURY, D. B., 1950. Values and Integrals of the Orthogonal Polynomials up to n = 26.
University of Toronto Press.
2. FISHER, R. A. and YATES, F., 1957. Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and
Medical Research. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh and London. 5th Edition.
3. PEARSON,E. S. and HARTLEY,H. 0., 1954. Biometrika Tables for Statisticians, Vol. I.
Cambridge University Press.

This content downloaded on Sun, 16 Dec 2012 14:19:45 PM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions