Tyndall 1

Melissa Tyndall Dr. McWilliams LING 4050 March 19, 2004 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

B.B. Music, Language May Meet in the Brain. (Right and Left Brain Areas Work Together to Perceive Music and Language) Science News 159.18 (May 5, 2001): 280. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 15 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

In this article, the people interviewed correlated left and right brain co-activity with language and music. Music, supposedly, is similar to language in grammar, etc. because it has certain rules. The researchers used a technique called magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure magnetic fields produced by the brain's electrical activity in six volunteers as they listened to brief sequences of chords. It was written that just as our brain would have a lot of activity in the left hemisphere when reading something that doesnt fitit did the same thing when the volunteers heard an unexpected chord. I did not like this article. The attempt to assimilate language with music did not really work very well. Secondly, it poses the question: so what? I really did not see a point to this article and is the worst I have read so far.

B.B. Readers Brains Go Native. Science News 157.4 (January 22, 2000): 58. Expanded

Tyndall 2

Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 15 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article, though short, basically goes over the fact that people use different tactics and parts of the brain to read English. The article also discusses a study done with 6 American college students and 6 Italian students to compare how they read English. Pronunciation differed because different cultures sound out things differently that others. I think this is a good point because if people understood why foreign people speak a new language differently they would be more tolerant of the person attempting to pronounce the new language. I am curious, however, of why they decided to use Italian students. Did they consider performing the same study with people of other nationalities?

Bower, B. Brains show two sides of language function. (Hemispheric Cross Talk). Science News 161.24 (June 15, 2002): 374. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 15 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article basically states that damage to the left side of the brain causes temporary lapses in language for most people. Scientists however, have now discovered that people who persevere through brain injuries and maintain language use have language skills in both the left and right regions of the brain. The article also stated that, The results suggest that about 1 in 10 people exhibits two-sided neural organization. Another 1 in 10 displays right-brain coordination of language. Both these brain patterns occur mainly in left-handers. No difference in intelligence, creativity, or academic achievement shows up among the groups with left-brain, right brain, or two-sided language control.

Tyndall 3

I found this article to be fascinatingI am intrigued by the way language related to certain hemispheres of the brain. These studies are important so that we can begin to solve problems people have with language do to traumatic brain injury. The more we know the more the problem can be treated. It also makes me wonder where exactly these 1 in 10 statistics stemmed from.

Bower, Bruce. The Language of the Brain: Deaf Stroke Victims Have Provided Surprising Clues to the Role of the Left Side of the Brain in Sign Language. Science News 132 (July 18, 1987): 40. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 16 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article goes over the left brain and right brain functions pertaining to the ability for deaf stroke victims to sign after their stroke. Surprisingly, some of the signers, who can no longer use their hands for art, still sign with perfect Sign Language grammar. Most of the victims had right brain damagehelping to prove the theory that language resides in the left brain. This is a great article. It in interesting, narrative, and factual. It makes me wonder what has been done with this subject since 1987. This is an amazing discovery and researches of language a grammar outside the spoken and written language. Until this article, I had not thought about sign language as a possible language skill to research.

Brains Grammar Function Separates Us from Apes. (Neurology) Chemistry and Industry (August 19, 2002): 5. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 16 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

Tyndall 4

This article discussed that we have many similarities with monkeys, we have not been able to determine why we are different. This study determined that monkeys have the vocabulary function of the brainbut not the grammar part of the brain. Though the correlation between human and ape is, at times, a tiring clich, I found this article to be different than the norm. I thought thus was interesting because we do tests on monkeys to help the human race and that may be a waste as we discover how much different they are than us.

Brains Injury Can Cause Foreign Accent Syndrome. ASHA Leader 7.20 (November 5, 2002): 3. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 16 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

To know anything about this short article, all you would have to read is the title. Basically, brain injury affects speech making native speakers sound like foreign speakers. They lengthen syllables, etc. This article sounds likes what Kasey mentioned in class about her acquaintance loosing her Boston accent after a brain injury. This article was interesting, but way too short. To know the article I could have just read the title and saved myself the time of typing the bibliographythat took longer than reading the article. I want more information from this article.

Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine; Dehaene, Stanislas; and Hertz-Pannier, Lucie. Functional Neuroimaging of Speech Perception in Infants. (Reports). Science 298.5600 (Dec 6, 2002). 2013-15. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 16 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

Tyndall 5

Scientists hypothesize that infants develop language skills in the first months of lifeeven before they learn the language. To prove this they monitored sleeping 3-month old babies and measured their brain waves. The high activity proved that babies have the ability and activity to learn language before they even know how. This is very interesting. Could we teach children to talk sooner? It makes me wonder how they came up with this hypothesis and study. I would definitely like to know more about this subject. I think this could solve a lot of language problems much earlier in a childs life.

Dyslexia Brain Research: Universal Applications. (Curriculum Update the Latest Developments in Math, Science, Language Arts and Social Studies). District Administration 38.10 (October 2002): 10-31. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 17 February 2004. http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article discusses the journal Biological Psychiatry, the study examined the brain wiring of 144 children from ages 7-18 and included both good readers and those with reading disabilities. This examines the fact that we should not hope people will outgrow dyslexia but gets to the root of the problem by studying the wiring of the dyslexic braintrying to solve the problem. I think this is a great point to make and a good study. Many people do think children will outgrow language deficiencies and then they go to college and are lost because people have passed them without assisting them. I tutor, so I know this happens. It needs to be solved early and effectively.

Tyndall 6

From Mouth to Mind: New Insights into How Language Warps the Brain. (Cognitive Science). Scientific American 287.2 (August 2002): 26. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 17 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article discusses the fact that our first language warps our brain. This is not literal, but the article alludes to this because when we hear a language not native to our own, we confuse word and letter sounds. For example, Japanese speaking people cannot tell the difference between R sounds and L sounds. This is due to the way they learned their language. I think this is very important because it has a lot to do with both foreign relations and the brain. I feel that if this was researched more, we could find a better way to make learning a second language (or multiple languages) much easier. This is a great article with a good hook at the beginning. This is an important topic and would be a great article for anyone who is studying second language acquisition.

Kempler, Daniel and Van Lacker, Diana. The Right Turn of Phrase. (Role of the Brains Right Hemisphere in Processing Familiar Language) Psychology Today 21 (April 1987): 4041. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 18 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article explains that while language skills basically stem from the left brain, the right side is also important in the marriage of the brain into the bonds of marriage. The

Tyndall 7

article stated that, familiar language is processed by the right hemisphere, which specializes in pattern recognition. This includes things such as cliches we often use. I think this is important because a lot of the articles I have read seem to indicate that the left brain would be fine without its other half. Apparently, that is untrue because it is pertinent that we understand the phrases of our culture. This was a good article that brought up important points and information.

Kennedy, Mary R.T. and Nawrocki, Michael D. Delayed Predictive Accuracy of Narrative Recall after Traumatic Brain Injury: Salience and Explicitness (Language). Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46.1 (February 2003): 98-113. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 18 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article deals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases. In this essay, a study is shown that compares how both TBI and non-TBI patients remember narratives. This would include both specific material and material implied within a narrative. This, I feel, is nor as important in conjunction to the text. I was looking more for how brain injury applies to spoken and written languagenot story telling comprehension. While this is an aspect of language (verbalization, etc.) I still feel the title of this article was entirely misleading. I thought it would cover comprehension of a relayed event.

Learning Language Skills After Stroke. ASHA Leader 7.19 (October 22, 2002): 3. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 18 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

Tyndall 8

St. Louis' Washington University School of Medicine researchers claim that when the left side of the brain are affected by stroke, the right side learns language. The article is very short, but the researchers wish to conduct more studies (which were supposed to begin in September of 2002). They, hover, did not go into great detail about how or why they came to this conclusion. I think this is interesting because it refutes the idea that language is a solely left-brained skill. This concept is very interesting and related to other recent articles indicating that the opposite side of the brain can pick up the slack that the injured half cannot. I would like to know more about how the study went.

McQuillen, Jeffrey S. and Strong, William F. An Examination of the Functional Relationship Between Brain and Language. Reading Improvement 37.1 (Spring 2000): 13. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 18 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article continues to illustrate that scientists have theories about the relationship with the left-brain and language. However, this article seems to be commenting or reviewing a much larger work about the human brain. It seems that there is still a lot of uncertainty among scientists what exactly the left side of the brain does pertaining to language other than controlling motor skills used to communicate (e.g., lips, tongue, plate, vocal cords and face). Apparently, some scientists also believe that a first language can only be learned between the ages of two and puberty. I also think this article is important because, first of all, it reviews a much larger article. Secondly, I think that its important that we get to the bottom of what blocks are ability to communicate through language. Again, this is important so that we can begin to

Tyndall 9

solve problems people have with language do to traumatic brain injury. The more we know the more the problem can be treated.

Orest, Marianne. Cognitive Screening in Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries: Analysis of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination when Utilized During Initial Trauma Hospitalization. Physical Therapy 79.5 (May 1999): 518. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 20 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

In this study 107 patients with mild brain injury were testing in cognition with a speech and language therapist. They found no similarity in the patients with similar hospital stay, age, or injury. The only similar factor were some who scored the same on a test (very technical term for the test NCSE and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 or 14). The article was fairly short. This article was decent. It could have been more in laymans terms and did not really indicate the point or the issue of why this study was conducted. It leaves me uninterested and wanting more information. I think the article could have been better and more explanatory. Where did they find the patients? What exactly is the NCSE and a Glasgow Coma Scale?

Peterson, Bradley S. et, al. A Fucntional Magnetic Resonace Imaging Study of Language Processing and its Cognitive Correlates in Prematurely Born Children. Pediatrics 100.6 (December 2002): 1153-63. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 20 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

Tyndall 10

A brief part of this article is about how premature babies have trouble with language because premature birth causes abnormalities in brain structure, cognition, and behavior. The tests in this particular study focused on 8-13 year old children who were born prematurely. These children were given MRIs, IQ tests, and were tested in a few simulations to determine the theory that preemies have poorer comprehension skills. I think that this may be important but I feel like 8 and older is too late to focus on a childs language comprehension. Why not 5-7 year olds? How do they plan on changing this if premature births continue to occur? Knowing the effects of premature birth, why wouldnt a doctor recommend the child work with a speech pathologist earlier in lifelike when the child begins grade school?

Richard J. Welland; Rosemary Lubinski; D. Jeffery Higginbotham. Discourse Comprehension Test Performance of Elders with Dementia of the Alzheimer type. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45.6 (December 2002): 1175-88. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 20 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article brought up the deterioration seen in the comprehension skills of adults with Alzheimer Disease. It basically stated facts and percentages about older people losing the ability to speech, read, write, and understand narratives. It is a thorough articlewell researched. My only problem with this article is that it provided no suggestions for solving this dilemma. No studies were done that proved this memory lapse could be reversed. I wish it had included less of what it has and more possible solutions instead.

Tyndall 11

Rubin, John. Hemispheric Signs. (Research on Which Brain Hemisphere is Used in Sign Language) Psychology Today 20 (December 1986): 8-9. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 21 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article continues with the idea that sign language resides in the left hemisphere along with written and spoken language skills. The point is brought up that ASL (American Sign Language) has its own grammar and rules based on spatial location of its hand movements. This article claims that the right hemisphere is not needed in sign language. This article is interesting and leaves me with only one question. How did they determine that the right hemisphere is not needed in ASL? Was a study done? Other than that, this is a good article that goes beyond the spectrum of written and spoken language skills. I think that is an important feature of American communication.

Speech Veers Left in Babies Brains. (Neuroscience). Science News 163.2 (January 11, 2003): 30. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 24 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article presents the question about how babies process languagelike adults in the left hemisphere or not? Researchers believe that babies left hemisphere responds even though they do not yet know the language. Researchers monitored this by having a woman read to the babies (whose brains responded). I believe this is important and is good method of study. This way, doctors can learn more about how babies learnwhich will give them an insight on how to fix language problems like

Tyndall 12

deaf-mutes and dyslexia. I am curious as to what sort of test will be performed. How will they monitor such tests?

Strauss, Evelyn. Writing, speech separated in split brain (research on how the human brain organizes components of language). Science 280.5365 (May 8, 1998): 827. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 24 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>.

This article also goes into how language skills in both brain hemispheres. To prove this point, doctors studied a girl who had her brain halves separated to cease her epileptic seizures. They tested her post-operation skills by showing her pictures and asking her to relay the names of them aloud. She could read and spell aloudbut not write willingly. Doctors hope this study will help language deficiencies such as dyslexia. This study is very interesting and unusual. It is strange to think that the left side of the brain could read both silently and aloud but does not control writing. Usually, these things go hand in hand (e.g. Generally, English majorsgood writers & readers). In addition, what does not write willingly mean? Did they force her to write? And if so, wouldnt she be capable of writing at any time?

Word Mapping. (Language and the Brain) The Economist 306.7541 (March 12, 1988): 80. Expanded Academic, Gale Group InfoTrac. Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN. 24 February 2004. <http://www.galegroup.com>. In this article, a doctor had people read aloud and silently from a computer screen. He them gave them a harmless drop of a type of radioactive waterand out a radioactive material

Tyndall 13

detector above e their heads. The material was supposed to influence the brain and the reading skills for little over a minutebut it did not work. This article, first, has a good hook. The other thing I liked about this article (that is unusual) is that the researcher was actually proven wrong in his hypothesis. This also shows that very little can act upon the brain and change our language abilities. Outside forces do not affect it, but our own illnesses and direct contact injuries do. What I am also curious about is why in the world would a medical doctor ever even think to do a study in which people were affected radioactive material?