II.

bi ton p dng:
Bi ton 1: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H-C Khi B 2008): Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui
cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra
0,448 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi M l:
A: Li
B: Na
C: K
D: Rb
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: M hh =

1,9
= 95 M + 61 < 95 < 2M + 60
0,02

17,5 < M < 34 M l Na (23) p n B ng

Bi ton 7: Ho tan hon ton 49.6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 bng H2SO4
c, nng thu c dung dch Y v 8.96 lt kh SO2(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca oxi trong hn hp X v khi lng mui trong dung dch Y ln lt l:
A. 20.97% v 140 gam.
B. 37.50% v 140 gam.
C. 20.97% v 180 gam
D.37.50% v 120 gam.
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc:

7.m hh + 56.n e 7.49,6 + 56.0, 4.2

=
= 39, 2gam
10
10
49,6 39, 2
%O =
.100 = 20,97%
49,6
1
39, 2
n Fe2 (SO4 )3 = n Fe =
= 0,35mol, m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = 0,35.400 = 140gam => A
2
56.2
m Fe =

ng

Bi ton 8: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, cn 0,05 mol H2.
Mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H 2SO4 c nng th thu
c th tch
V ml SO2 (ktc). Gi tr V(ml) l:
A.112 ml
B. 224 ml
C. 336 ml
D. 448 ml.
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc:
n O = n H = 0,05mol, mO = 0,05.16 = 0,8gam , mFe = mxit mO =2,24 gam

ne =

10.22, 4 7.3,04
= 0,01mol, Vso2 = 0,01.22, 4 = 0, 224lit = 224ml B ng
56.2

Bi ton 9: Cho 2,8 gam CaO tc dng vi mt lng nc d thu c dung dch X. Sc 1,68 lt
kh CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch X thu c lng kt ta sau un nng dung dch th thu
c lng kt ta na. Tng khi lng kt ta thu c l :
A. 2,5 gam
B. 5,0 gam.
C. 7,5 gam.
D. 10 gam.
Bi gii.
p dng nhanh cng thc:

n CO2 = a + 2b => y =

n CO2 a
2

nh vy tng s mol kt ta

0,075 0,025
= 0,025mol
2

n CaCO3 = a + b = 0,025 + 0,025 = 0,05mol, => mCaCO = 0,05.100 = 5,0 gam

3

=> B ng.
Bi ton 10: Sc V lt CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu dc 3 gam kt ta, lc tch kt
ta dung dch cn li mang un nng thu c 2 gam kt ta na. Gi tr V lt l:
A: 0,448 lt
B: 0,896 lt
C: 0,672 lt
D: 1,568 lt
Bi gii.
p dng nhanh cng thc:

n CO2 = a + 2b = 0,03 + 2.0,02 = 0,07 mol

VCO2 = 0,07.22,4= 1,568 lt => p n ng l D.

Bi ton 11: Cho tan hon ton 58 gam hn hp A gm Fe, Cu, Ag trong dung dch HNO3 2M
long nng thu c dung dich B v 0.15 mol kh NO v 0.05 mol NO 2 . C cn dung dich B khi
lng mui khan thu c l:
A. 120.4 gam
B. 89.8 gam
C. 116.9 gam
D. kt qu khc.
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: mmui khan = mFe, Cu, Ag + m NO3

mmui khan = 58 + ( 3.0,15 + 8.0,05 ).62 = 116,9g C ng

Bi ton 12: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 11.2 gam Fe v 16 gam Fe2O3 vo HNO3 long
d th thu c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi NaOH ri lc kt ta nung trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l:
A. 16 gam
B. 32 gam
C. 64g
D. kt qu khc.
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc:

1
0,2 + 0,1 .2
n Fe2O3 = n Fe =
= 0, 2mol m Fe2 O3 = 0, 2.160 = 32gam B ng
2
2

Bi ton 13: Cho 24,4g hn hp Na2CO3, K2CO3 tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2. Sau phn
ng thu c 39,4g kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, c cn dung dch thu c m gam clorua, gi tr m
gam l:
A: 28,6 gam
B: 68,2 gam
C: 26,6 gam
D: 66,2 gam
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: m = 24,4 + 0,2 . 208 - 39,4 = 26,6gam C ng
Bi ton 14: Ho tan 10.14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu
c 7.84 lt kh X (ktc) v 1.54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. C cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui. Gi tr m gam l:
A. 21.025 gam
B. 33.45 gam
C. 14.8125 gam
D. 18.6 gam
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc:
m = m (Al+ Mg) + m Cl = (10,14 1,54) + 0,7.35,5 = 8,6 + 24,85 = 33,45(g) B ng
Bi ton 15: Ho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp Mg, Fe trong dung dch HCl d thy to ra 2.24
lit kh H2 (ktc) c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan: Gi tr m gam l:
A. 13.55 gam
B. 15.7 gam
C 17.1 gam
D. 11.775 gam
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc:mmui = 10 + 0,1 .71 = 17,1 (g) C ng
Bi ton 16: Trn 5.4 gam Al vi 6 gam FeO3 ri nung nng thc hin phn ng nhit
nhm (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), bit hiu sut phn ng l 80%. Sau phn ng
thu c m gam hn hp cht rn. Gi tr m gam l:
A. 11.4 gam
B. 9.12 gam
C. 14.25 gam
D. 8,12 gam
Bi gii:
Do trong bnh kn khng c khng kh nn:
m h 2sau = m h 2tr c = 5, 4 + 6 = 11, 4g
A ng
Bi ton 17: Cho 0.52 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Mg, Al tan hon ton trong dung dch H 2SO4
long d thu c 0.336 lt kh ktc. Khi lng mui sunfat thu c l:
A. 1.24 gam
B. 6.28 gam
C. 1.96 gam
D. 3.4 gam.
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc:

m mui = m KL + mSO2 = 0,52 + 0,015.96 = 1,96g C ng

4

Bi ton 18: Cho 2.81 gam hn hp A gm 3 oxit kim loi MgO, ZnO, Fe2O3 ho tan va
trong 300 ml dung dch H2SO4 0.1 M . C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng gam cc mui
sunfat khan thu c l:
A. 5.21 gam
B. 4.25 gam
C. 5.14 gam
D. 4.55 gam
Bi gii:

p dng nhanh cng thc:

m mui = moxit + mH2SO4 mH2O = 2,81 + 0, 03.98 0,03.18 = 5, 21gam A ng

Bi ton 19: Ho tan hon ton 30,25 gam hn hp Zn v Fe vo dung dch HCl d thy c
11.2 lt kh thot ra ktc v dung dch X , c cn dung dch X th c m gam mui khan.
Gi tr m gam l:
A.37.75 gam
B. 55.5 gam
C. 46,68 gam
D. 67,75 gam.
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc:

m = m Kl + m Cl = 30, 25 + 0,5.71 = 65,75 gam => D ng

Bi ton 20: Ho tan hon ton m1 gam hn hp 3 kim loi A, B( u ho tr II), C (ho tr III)
vo dung dch HCl d thy c V lt kh thot ra ktc v dung dch X , c cn dung dch X th
c m2 gam mui khan. Biu thc lin h gia m1, m2, V l:
A. m2 = m1 + 71V
B. 112 m2 = 112 m1 +355V
C. m2 = m1 + 35.5V
D. 112 m2 = 112m1 + 71V
Bi gii:

n Cl = n HCl = 2n H2 = 2

V
V
=
(mol)
22, 4 11, 2

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:

m 2 = m KL + m Cl = m1 +

V
355V
.35,5 = m1 +
11, 2
112

B ng

Bi ton 21: Thi mt lung kh CO d qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm CuO, Fe3O4,

nung nng thu c 2.32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra sc vo nc vi trong d thy c 5
gam kt ta trng. Gi tr m gam l:
A. 2.39 gam
B. 3.12 gam
C. 3.92 gam
D. 3.93 gam.
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc:
moxit = mKL + mO (trong oxt) = 2,32 + 0,05 . 16 = 3,12 g B ng
Bi ton 22: Ha tan 14 gam hn hp 2 mui ACO 3 v B2(CO3)3 bng dung dch HCl d thu c
dung dch X v 0,672 lt kh ktc. C cn dung dch X th thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr
m gam mui khan l:
A. 14,33 gam
B. 25,00 gam
C. 15,32 gam
D. 15,80 gam
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: mmui clorua = 14 + 0,03.11 = 14,33(g) A ng
Bi ton 23: Cho 2,81 gam hn hp gm 3 xit: Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300ml
dung dch H2SO4 0,1 M th khi lng mui sunfat khan to ra l:
A. 5,33 gam
B. 5,21 gam
C. 3,52 gam
D. 5,68 gam
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc:
mmui= 2,81+(96-16).0,03= 2,81 + 2,4 = 5,21g B ng
Bi ton 24: Cho 30 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc
dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi M l:
A: Li
B: Na
C: K
D: Rb
Bi gii:
p dng nhanh cng thc: M hh =

30
= 120 M + 61 < 120 < 2M + 60
0, 25

30 < M < 59 M l Kali (39) p n C ng

Bi ton 25: Hp th hon ton V lt CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 10 gam kt
ta. Loi b kt ta ri nung nng phn dung dch cn li thu c 5 gam kt ta na. Gi tr V
lt l:
A: 4,48 lt
B: 2,24 lt
C: 1,12 lt
D: 3,36 lt

Bi gii:

p dng nhanh cng thc:

n CO2 = x + 2y = 0,1 + 0,05.2 = 0, 2(mol)

VCO2 = 0, 2.22, 4 = 4, 48 lt

A ng

Bi ton 26: Th tch ca nc cn thm vo 15 ml dung dch axit HCl c pH=1 c dung
dch axit c pH=3 l:
A. 1,68 lt
B. 2,24 lt
C. 1,12 lt
D. 1,485 lt
Bi gii.
p dng cng thc tnh nhanh.

VH2O = (10pH 1).Vtruoc = (103 1 1).0,015 =1, 485lit=>D ng

III. bi ton t gii.
Bi 1: Cho m1 gam hn hp X gm 3 kim loi A(ho tri2), B( ho tr 3), C(ho tr n) u
dng bt tc dng hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng m2 gam. Th
tch V(ll) dung dch HCl a M va phn ng ht vi dung dch Y l: Gi tr V(lt) l:
( bit m2 > m1).
A. (m2 - m1) : 32 a
B. (m2 - m1) : a
C. (m2 - m1) : 16 a
D. (m2 - m1) : 8 a.
Bi 2: Cho m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 th cn 100 ml dung dch HCl 0.3 M v
ta thu c dung dch Y gm 2 mui. Cho dung dch KOH d vo dung dch Y thu c kt
ta Z. em nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c 1.6 gam cht rn G.
Gi tr m l.
A. 0.64 gam.
B. 0.56 gam.
C. 3.04 gam
D. kt qu khc.
Bi 3: Cho 8.32 gam Cu tc dng vi V ml HNO3 1 M thu c 4.928 lt kh hn hp 2 kh NO
v NO2. Gi tr V ml l: (Bit cc kh o ktc).
A.120 ml
B. 240 ml
C.360 ml
D. 480 ml.
Bi 4. Cho 21gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Fe, Zn, Al tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4
0.5M, thu c 6.72 lt kh H2 ( 00C, 2atm). Khi lng gam mui khan thu c sau khi c cn
dung dch v th tch lt dung dch axit ti thiu cn dng l:
A. 78.6 gam v 1.2 lt.
B. 46,4 gam v 2,24 lt
C. 46,4 gam v 1.2 lt
D. 78.6 gam v 1,12 lt
Bi 5. Cho mt lung kh clo tc dng vi 9.2 gam kim loi sinh ra 23.4g mui kim loi ho tr I.
Mui kim loi ho tri I l:
A. LiCl
B. KCl
C. NaCl.
D. AgCl
Bi 6. Ho tan m gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I v kim loi ho tr II
bng dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v V lt CO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch A thu c
(m + 3.3) gam mui clorua khan. Gi tr V lt l:
A. 6.72 lt.
B. 2.24 lt
C.3.36 lt
D. 4.48 lt .
Bi 7. Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v
Fe2O3 thu c 64 gam hn hp cht rn v kh X. Cho kh X li qua dung dch nc vi trong
thu c 40 gam kt ta. Gi tr m gam l:
A. 80.4 gam
B. 70.4 gam.
C. 96.4 gam
D. 75.8 gam
Bi 8: Ha tan 20 gam hn hp 2 mui MCO 3 v N2(CO3)3 bng dung dch HCl d, thu c
dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch A th thu c m gam mui khan. m
c gi tr l:
A. 20,33 gam.
B. 20,46 gam
C. 15,26 gam
D. 18,43 gam
Bi 9: Ha tan 5,94 gam hn hp 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi A, B (u c ho tr II) vo nc
c dung dch X. lm kt ta ht ion Clo c trong dung dch X ngi ta cho dung dch X
tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 thu c 17,22 gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta, thu c dung dch
Y. C cn Y c m gam hn hp mui khan. m c gi tr l:
A. 8,36 gam
B. 12,6 gam
C. 10,12 gam
D. 9,12 gam.
Bi 10: Ho tan hn hp gm 0.5 gam Fe v mt kim loi ho tr II trong dung dch HCl d thu
c 1.12 lt kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi ho tr II l:
A. Mg
B. Ca
C. Zn
D. Be.

Bi 11: Khi ho tan 7.7 gam hp kim gm natri v kali vo nc thy thot ra 3.36 lt kh
H2(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca kali trong hp kim l:
A. 39.23
B. 25.33.
C. 74.67
D. 23.89
Bi 12: X v Y l hai nguyn t halogen 2 chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. kt ta
ht ion X-, Y- trong dung dch cha 4,4 gam mui natri ca chng cn 150 ml dung dch
AgNO3 0,4 M. X v Y l
A. Flo, clo
B. Clo, brom. C. Brom, iot
D. Khng xc nh c.
Bi 13: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A, B nm k tip nhau trong nhm IA. Ly 7,2 gam X ho
tan hon ton vo nc thu c 4,48 lt hiro ( ktc). A v B l
A. Li, Na.
B. Na, K
C. K, Rb
D. Rb, Cs
Bi 14: Chia m gam hn hp Al, Fe thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1 tc dng NaOH d thu c x mol kh.
- Phn 2 tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 thu c y mol kh NO duy nht. Gi tr m tnh
theo x v y l:
56y 116x
27x 112y
A. m =
.
B. m =
3
3
112x 108y
54y 112x
C. m =
D. m =
3
3