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com for best and lowest co st solution IMT 73 Export Planning and Procedure M2 PART A 1. Define Meaning of Exports. Outline various types of Exports 2. Explain the procedure of setting up a export business firm 3. Why are Export Sales Contracts important in export transactions? 4. What are the standard clauses of an export order? 5. What are the stages of processing an export order? Can goods be exported by p ost and Courier if yes outline the steps PART B 1 An export agent is a person active in the export market ,what is the rational of appointing an export agent and what points are to be kept in mind for appointing an agent 2 What are the Principal Issues of export credit 3 What is the importance of export financing .Explain the relationship between t rade finance and trade development strategy 4 Explain pre shipment finance .What is packing credit 5 What are the factors affecting exchange rate PART C 1. How can risk of fluctuations be covered by commercial banks ,describe feature s of forward cover 2. Outline various types of Quality management system standards used in exports 3. Does Labeling play a role in export packaging 4. What is the need for export documentation? Explain types of commercial shipme nt documents 5. Is the letter of credit issued by bank What are the various types of L/C Expo rt Planning and Procedure CASE STUDY - I G-7 PRESSURES JAPAN, CHINA ON EXCHANGE RATES The tensions had been building up for quite some time. And it was high time. Jap an's and Chinas trade surpluses with the US have been skyrocketing with the former in the vicinity of $70-80 billion and the latter as much as $ 150 billion. Very noticeable in normal times, they have become even more so as the US grapple s with the worst employment market it has had in recent years. US industry and labour have long complained that the Japanese and Chinese curren cies are kept artificially weak. Japan's main hope inks worst economic crisis after the last world war is e xports. And exports obviously require a cheap currency. Things generally worked well for Japan from the second half of the nineties when, at its low, the yen fell to 150 a dollar. But the last year or so has seen a reversal, with the US economy and stock marke t going through difficult times. The dollar's attraction has waned. The yen has retraced quite a bit of ground to rise to 120 levels against the gre

enback, where Japan has been trying to draw a line in the sand to prevent it from rising further. Its interventions to stop its currency from breaking below 115 are too numerous to be counted. In this, so far, it has had US support. That may now be changing. The US is unlikely to sit back and watch imports carvi ng out an ever-greater share of its domestic market. Its policy makers are starting to think that it is unfair to use the exchange ra te to drive exports. Hence, the mounting pressure on Japan and china to allow their currencies to appreciate. Th is will not only reduce imports, but also make US goods more competitive in international trade, if not a growth driver. Mr. John Snow, the present US Treasury Secretary, comes from industry. His conce rns and perspective are very different from those of his predecessor, Mr. Robert Rubin, an ex-banker who enunciated the strong dollar policy. Mr. Snow and the Bush administration are anxious to stem the loss of jobs in US manufacturing with the presidential election looming up next year. They are likely to jettison (if they have not already done so) the exchange rate and promote the domestic economy. Thus, the call in the G-7 finance ministers' meet in Dubai over the weekend to allow market forces to determine exchange rates. The market was not slow to react to the new stance of the world's most powerful economic czars. The dollar fell across the board: to below 112 yen, around 1.15 against the euro and 1.65 agains t sterling. The US Treasury yields climbed up as the market saw less demand for US bonds from foreign investors, given the depreciating currency. China has overtaken Japan as the biggest exporter to the US. There is equal pressure on the Chinese to allow their currency to appreciate. It will be hard to resist this, although an immediate switch to a complete float looks Unlikely. Turbulent times are ahead in global currency and bond markets. QUESTIONS 1. How do Japan and China manage their currency? Export Planning and Procedure 1. What are the unfair means used by both China and Japan to stabilise their exc hange rates for driving their export boats? CASE STUDY-II Counterfeiting Once a business has obtained intellectual property protection, it then faces the far more difficult problem of enforcing those property rights in the worldwide market-place. The most signific ant Problem is one of pirated or counterfeit products, especially for popular products. Both, governments and ind ividual businesses, have interests in stopping piracy and some grey market practices . Business Responses to Counterfeit Goods As anyone who has walked down a city street and been offered counterfeit Gucci b ags, pirated cassette tapes, or bogus Levis 501 jeans knows, it is not easy to protect intellectual property rights. The counterfeit

merchandise looks, on the surface, to be the real article, but is really a knock off, taking a free ride on the advertising and popular success of the genuine product. Intellectual property piracy has three consequences for the legitimate trade mar k, patent or copyright holder. First, it deprives the owner of Revenue from the creation of product, since the bootlegger pays no royalties. Second, when the quality of the counterfeit goods is poor buyers who thought the y were getting the real product will think poorly the company owns the intellectual property rights. Finally, t he bootleg sales deprive the legitimate dealers of sales, which affect the success of the distributors' relat ionships with the right owner. Of course, when a property rights owner finds someone selling counterfeit goods in any Country where the owner has intellectual property rights, in action for copyright, patent or trade mark infringement is appropriate. Generally, most nations also allow customs officials to seize infringing goods u pon import. US law contains some representative provisions allowing customs to stop infringing products at t he border. Section 602 of the Copyright Act, for example, prohibits the import of products that infringe on US copyrights, and allows customs to seize any such products (see 17 USC 602). Similarly, Section 526 of the Tarif f Act of 1930 ( 19 USC 1526) prohibits imports of goods bearing a US registered trade mark wit hout authorisation from the trade mark owner, and also allows customs to seize those goods. Section 337 of t he Tariff Act of 1930 (19 USC 1337) provides similar protection from imports that infringe US patents. In 1988, Congress strengthened the methods available for blocking infringing goo ds from import. Using Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 USC 1337), any owner of a registered US intell ectual property right, who believes that an import infringes on that right, may apply to the International Trade Commission (ITC for relief. The ITC has the power to issue orders excluding goods from the United States, or dering unfair trade practices to cease, and, in some instances, ordering forfeiture of the offending goods. Questions 1 What are the reliefs available to a genuine producer of patented product 2 Was the US CONGRESS justified in imposing Section 337 of the tariff act 3 Does a company having Intellectual property protection is insured of no infrin gement world over Contact http://solvedhub.com or email solvedhub@gmail.com for best and lowest co st solution