Photonicsspectra 201208

August / 2012
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The List Issue
Photonics
HOT
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Worldwide Coverage: Optics, Lasers, Imaging, Fiber Optics,
Electro-Optics, Photonics Component Manufacturing
Where
the JOBS
Are
Future
GAME-
CHANGERS
x
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Position Yourself for SUCCESS
In Your Own Words:
READER POLL RESULTS
Essential Reading
Recruitment Tactics
School and Major
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Mergers &
Acquisitions
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August 2012
t
TABLE OF CONTENTS
16 | TECH NEWS
Photonics Spectra editors curate the most significant photonics research
and technology headlines of the month and take you deeper inside
the news. Featured stories include:
Gigapixel supercamera delivers sharp shots
Tabletop device generates all wavelengths in single beam
Nondistorting mirror eliminates blind spots
30 | FASTTRACK
Business and Markets
EuroLED draws more than 2000 attendees
Astronomers decry UKs defunding of Hawaii telescopes
10 | EDITORIAL
37 | GREENLIGHT
Sometimes green saves green by accident
Artificial leaf could charge up developing world
New dyes seek to replace silicon for solar
82 | PEREGRINATIONS
Photonics bestsellers that never were
NEWS & ANALYSIS
COLUMNS
70 | BRIGHT IDEAS
79 | HAPPENINGS
81 | ADVERTISER INDEX
DEPARTMENTS
THE COVER
This years list issue zooms in on topics
such as jobs and categories including
photonics hot spots, beginning on p. 41.
Design by Graphic Designer Janice R. Tynan.
16
37
Photonics Spectra August 2012 4
812Contents_Layout 1 7/20/12 10:57 AM Page 4
52
PHOTONICS: The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant
energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The range of applications of photonics extends
from energy generation to detection to communications and information processing.
Vol ume 46 I ssue 8
www. phot oni cs. com
41 | THE LIST ISSUE
Our annual compendium of information for and about our readers.
42 Ones to Watch
44 Reader Poll: School & Major
46 Mergers and Acquisitions Bring New Opportunities
46 Reader Poll: Essential Reading
48 Reader Poll: Recruitment Strategies
49 The Largest Photonics Regions in the World
50 Photonics Institutions Flourish Around the World
52 | WHERE THE JOBS ARE
by Howard Rudzinsky, Rudzinsky Associates
This longtime photonics recruiter describes the current employment picture
and offers some strategies for job seekers.
58 | TRUE INVISIBILITY REMAINS ELUSIVE
by Gary Boas, Contributing Editor
Although real-life cloaking has not been realized, advances in the technology
offer new lessons in manipulating light.
62 | IR IMAGING OPTICS MEET VARIED NEEDS
by Dr. Austin Richards, Flir Commercial Systems
Understanding the distinct properties of each subband of this broad spectral range
makes it easier to pick the optimal device for a particular application.
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58
FEATURES
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Photonics Spectra August 2012
Group Publisher Karen A. Newman
Editorial Staff
Managing Editor Laura S. Marshall
Senior Editor Melinda A. Rose
Features Editor Lynn M. Savage
Editors Caren B. Les
Ashley N. Paddock
Copy Editors Judith E. Storie
Patricia A. Vincent
Margaret W. Bushee
Contributing Editors Hank Hogan
Gary Boas
Marie Freebody
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e
EDITORIAL COMMENT
Are you positioned
for success?
T
he one thing that is never far from our thoughts these days is the economy and, closer
to home for many of us, the state of the jobs market. The latest US jobs report told
the grim story of only 80,000 jobs added in June, far below the number needed to
significantly lower the jobless rate. Of course, the situation is not just a US problem.
Despite the somber jobs numbers, there is hope. Job growth has lagged somewhat behind
the recovery, but remember that employment is a lagging, not leading, indicator, writes
longtime photonics industry recruiter Howard Rudzinsky of Louis Rudzinsky Associates
in this issue. It is getting better. People are hiring. Keep this in mind. In search of even
a glimmer of a silver lining, we asked Howard about the future of photonics jobs, and he
told us that, despite economic woes, there are bright spots for photonics job seekers. Read
what he has to say in Where the Jobs Are, beginning on page 52.
And if youre looking for a job or want to keep the one you have be sure to check
out Howards sidebar on Positioning Yourself for Success on page 53. He offers a list of
things you can do to enhance your skills and marketability, including improving your
skills, your rsum and your search tactics.
As you may have guessed, education and the jobs market are a big part of our second
annual List Issue, a compendium of your thoughts and other information that concerns
you and your work in the photonics industry.
This year, we asked you via social media what you would tell a person who may be con-
sidering photonics as a course of study or a career option. My favorite answer came from
Rajeev Ranjan, who wrote: Its going to rule the technology in the world. Now that
sounds like a good reason to study photonics! Read the other great contributions on page
48, and thanks to all of you who answered our questions.
Our good friends on Facebook, Twitter and Photonics.com are commenting daily on hot
industry research and topics. If youre not already sharing your thoughts with the photonics
community through these channels, we hope youll join us soon. Industry newsmakers
should get involved, too. Readers at Photonics.com often post comments and questions to
our site about your research stories, and your responses would strengthen the conversation.
Prism Awards
The 2013 Prism Awards for Photonics Innovation, the global competition sponsored by
Photonics Media and SPIE, is accepting nominations through Sept. 14, 2012. The awards
recognize innovative scientific products, processes, software, devices, materials, systems,
instruments and technologies that are newly available on the open market. Winners will
be announced at a gala awards banquet held during SPIE Photonics West in February
in San Francisco. Details and the nomination form are at www.photonicsprism
award.com. Be sure to check out finalist videos from the 2011 Prism Awards at
www.photonics.com/VideoGallery.
I hope you enjoy the issue.
Erratum
The credit line was omitted from the chart in Aspheres Deal with Bigger Deviations
(July 2012, pp. 62-65). The chart, titled Comparing Asphere Metrology Methods,
appeared on p. 64 and was provided courtesy of Optimax.
Editorial Advisory Board
Dr. Robert R. Alfano
City College of New York
Walter Burgess
Power Technology Inc.
Dr. Michael J. Cumbo
IDEX Optics & Photonics
Dr. Timothy Day
Daylight Solutions
Dr. Donal Denvir
Andor Technology PLC
Patrick L. Edsell
Avanex Corp.
Dr. Stephen D. Fantone
Optikos Corp.
Randy Heyler
Ondax Inc.
Dr. Michael Houk
Bristol Instruments Inc.
Dr. Kenneth J. Kaufmann
Hamamatsu Corp.
Brian Lula
PI (Physik Instrumente) LP
Eliezer Manor
Shirat Enterprises Ltd., Israel
Shinji Niikura
Coherent Japan Inc.
Dr. Morio Onoe
professor emeritus, University of Tokyo
Dr. William Plummer
WTP Optics
Dr. Richard C. Powell
University of Arizona
Dr. Ryszard S. Romaniuk
Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Samuel P. Sadoulet
Edmund Optics
Dr. Steve Sheng
Telesis Technologies Inc.
William H. Shiner
IPG Photonics Corp.
John M. Stack
Zygo Corp.
Dr. Albert J.P. Theuwissen
Harvest Imaging/Delft University
of Technology, Belgium
Kyle Voosen
National Instruments Corp.
10 Photonics Spectra August 2012
karen.newman@photonics.com
812_Editorial_Layout 1 7/19/12 5:27 PM Page 10
812_Synopsis_Pg11_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:19 PM Page 11
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Welcome to
Photonics Medias industry-leading site features the latest news and events
from around the world.
Blog: Different Wavelengths
Twice each month Gary Boas, our nomadic contributing editor, chronicles his take
on the photonics industry through his blog Different Wavelengths. Whether he
takes inspiration from pop culture, old sci-fi comic books or government policy,
Gary has a knack for telling stories that have the reader conjuring new ideas,
questioning old theories or remembering what made science so appealing in the
first place. To explore Garys blog, visit: www.photonics.com/DifferentWavelengths.
The Photonics Buyers Guide
Never sift through irrelevant searches again.
Search for products and services, search by company name, review company
profiles, map their locations, link to their websites and send them an email all at
PhotonicsBuyersGuide.com.
For the mobile version
scan this code.
Call for Entries!
The Prism Awards for Photonics Innovation, a joint collaboration between
Photonics Media and SPIE, is a leading international competition celebrating
innovation and honoring new product invention. For more information,
visit: www.PhotonicsPrismAward.com/application.aspx
Applications are being accepted until Sept. 14, 2012. Enter to win get your
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PC Camera Vision Systems
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New DLC Coatings for IR Cameras
Applying new diamond-like carbon or hard carbon coatings on optical substrates
for front-surface FLIR lens assemblies results in a drastic reduction of the Narcissus
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Laser (Car) Ignition Research
Cars of the future may trade spark plugs for laser-based
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Factors in Designing a Laser Lab
This laser safety column from Ken Barat
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and explanations of items to consider in
establishing or retrofitting your lab.
Youll also find all the news that affects your
industry, from tech trends and market reports
to the latest products and media.
In the September issue of
Photonics Spectra
Check out a sample of the new digital
version of Photonics Spectra magazine
at www.photonics.com/DigitalSample.
Its a whole new world of information for
people in the global photonics industry.
812What'sComing_Layout 1 7/20/12 10:57 AM Page 14
812_Coherent_Meterless_Pg15_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:21 PM Page 15
Gigapixel supercamera delivers sharp shots
DURHAM, N.C. The challenge to creat-
ing high-pixel imaging lies in the sophisti-
cation of the integrated circuits rather than
the optics, and now scientists have over-
come this hurdle by developing a super-
camera that synchronizes 98 microcameras
into a single device with the potential to
stitch together images with a resolution of
50 gigapixels.
The Duke University camera, called
AWARE 2, yields five times better resolu-
tion than that of 20/20 human vision over
a 120 horizontal field, and it has the po-
tential to capture up to 50 gigapixels, or
50,000 megapixels, of data. By compari-
son, consumer cameras can take photos
with sizes ranging only from 8 to 40
megapixels.
We built 300 microcameras in our first
run and decided to build two AWARE
2 systems rather than one, which left us
about 100 microcameras for each system
with about 100 for testing and future
development, David J. Brady told Pho-
tonics Spectra. Brady is the Michael J.
Fitzpatrick professor of engineering at
Dukes Pratt School of Engineering. We
will have the capacity to build one to ten
gigapixel cameras per month starting
this fall.
With each containing a 14-megapixel
sensor, the 98 tiny cameras yield nearly
100 separate but accurate images that a
computer processor stitches together into
a single highly detailed image. Each
camera captures information from a
specific area of the field of view, many
times capturing images of things that pho-
tographers cannot see themselves but can
detect when the image is later viewed,
Brady said.
Traditionally, adding more glass ele-
ments to a device has yielded better optics
because it increases complexity, said
Michael Gehm, assistant professor of
electrical and computer engineering at the
University of Arizona in Tucson and the
developer of the software that combines
the input from the microcameras.
This isnt a problem just for imaging
experts, Gehm said. Supercomputers
face the same problem, with their ever-
more-complicated processors, but at some
point, the complexity just saturates and
becomes cost-prohibitive.
Instead of making increasingly complex
optics, Gehm said their approach offers a
parallel array of electronic elements.
A shared objective lens gathers light
and routes it to the microcameras that sur-
round it, just like a network computer
hands out pieces to the individual worksta-
tions, he said. Each gets a different view
and works on their little piece of the prob-
lem. We arrange for some overlap, so we
dont miss anything.
For now, Brady said, his team will
focus on the electronics and not try to
increase the complexity of the optics
because their new lens design approach
was successful.
The prototype camera, which measures
2.5 2.5 ft and 20 in. deep, needs a lot of
space to house and cool its electronic con-
trol boards; only about 3 percent of the
camera is made of the optical elements.
Because of this, the device is a long way
from commercial availability.
Brady estimates that it will be five years
before a more efficient, handheld con-
sumer version of the technology is avail-
able for purchase.
The optics is already small enough for
handheld devices, he said. As electron-
ics shrink, we anticipate building 100-
megapixel to 500-megapixel handheld
devices and one- to ten-gigapixel tripod-
mounted systems. This technology will
get into consumer devices, and consumers
may hire photographers to record wall-
size wedding photographs.
NEWS
TECH
A closer look at the most significant photonics research and technology headlines of the month
A photograph of the Seattle skyline taken with AWARE 2 with image details as shown. The new camera
can capture up to 50 gigapixels of data; todays consumer cameras can achieve only 8- to 40-megapixel
resolution. Images courtesy of Duke University Imaging and Spectroscopy Program.
The AWARE 2 camera synchronizes 98 micro-
cameras into a single device that stitches images
together for higher resolution.
812_TechNews_Layout 1 7/19/12 1:02 PM Page 16
Brady foresees many other consumer
applications as well.
I expect the first near-term application
will be online broadcast of scenic sites,
wildlife preserves and significant events,
he said. These cameras enable interac-
tive websites that become essentially
100- to 1000-channel broadcast centers.
People will log in and track their favorite
bird or animal, search for their favorite
player, etcetera. These cameras will also
be used for interactive telepresence
enabling, for example, overpowering
gaming experiences (image real-time
IMAX over the Grand Canyon).
Although the research is supported by
DARPA, Brady said the technology is
more for the consumer than for defense
purposes. Ironically, in an age of con-
strained government resources, defense
applications may develop more slowly
than entertainment applications. Con-
sumers will first experience the camera as
a service, but, eventually, high-pixel-count
cameras will be affordable to serious ama-
teur photographers.
Bradys team is working to build proto-
types of the AWARE 10, a series of 10-
gigapixel cameras. The researchers plan
to focus on strategies to reduce power re-
quirements and increase frame rates once
these systems come online, he said.
Their next generation of cameras will
use color sensors, he added.
The research was published online in
Nature (doi: 10.1038/nature11150).
Tabletop device generates all wavelengths in single beam
ARLINGTON, Va. For the first time, a
device small enough to fit on a single lab-
oratory table has converted a coherent,
directed light beam generated from more
than 5000 low-energy photons into one
high-energy x-ray photon.
This device can be a valuable tool for
nanoscience and nanotechnology, with the
capability to image materials in 3-D and
capture the fastest process relevant to
function with very high space and time
resolution, JILA professor Margaret Mur-
nane told Photonics Spectra. She led the
study with engineering and physics profes-
sor Henry Kapteyn in collaboration with
scientists from Cornell University in
Ithaca, N.Y., the University of Salamanca
in Spain and Vienna University of Tech-
nology.
For quite some time, scientists have
understood how to use nonlinear optics
to combine low-energy laser photons to
generate higher energy photons, but it was
not until recently that they understood that
this process could be pushed to an extreme
limit where 5000 mid-IR laser photons
could be combined to generate a 1.5-keV
photon, Murnane said.
The team, led by engineers from the
National Science Foundations Engineer-
ing Research Center for EUV Science and
Technology, focused intense pulses of IR
light from a 4-m tabletop laser into a
high-pressure gas cell (up to 80 atmos-
pheres of helium gas) and converted part
of the original laser energy into a
coherent supercontinuum of light that
extends well into the x-ray region.
The emerging x-ray burst had much
shorter wavelengths than the original laser
pulse, making it possible to follow the
tiniest, fastest physical processes in nature,
including the coupling of electrons and
ions in molecules as they undergo chemi-
cal reactions or the flow of charges and
spins in materials.
There are many practical applications
for broad-bandwidth coherent x-rays,
Murnane said. We are using similar light
sources in the extreme-ultraviolet region
(where they are already quite bright) to
capture the fastest processes in materials
and molecules. This understanding is
needed to design and optimize next-gener-
ation electronics, data- and energy-storage
devices, and medical diagnostics.
The scientists used high-harmonic gen-
eration (HHG) in their experiment a
method discovered in the late 1980s when
scientists focused a powerful, ultrashort
laser beam into a spray of gas and dis-
An actual coherent (laserlike) x-ray beam. In con-
trast to the incoherent light emitted in all directions
from a roentgen x-ray tube, the x-rays produced by
high-harmonic generation emerge as well-directed
laserlike beams. Courtesy of Tenio Popmintchev,
JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder.
The experimental setup used to create a coherent version of the roentgen tube in the soft x-ray region
of the spectrum. When a long-wavelength femtosecond laser is focused into this hollow waveguide filled
with high-pressure helium gas, part of the laser is converted into an ultrafast, laserlike x-ray beam.
Courtesy of Tenio Popmintchev, JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder.
covered that the output beam contained
not only the original laser wavelength, but
also a small amount of many different
wavelengths in the ultraviolet region. Gas
atoms ionized by the laser created the new
UV wavelengths.
Just as a violin or guitar string will
emit harmonics of its fundamental sound
tone when plucked strongly, an atom can
also emit harmonics of light when plucked
violently by a laser pulse, Murnane said.
The laser pulse first plucks electrons
from the atoms, before driving them back
again where they can collide with the
atoms from which they came. Any excess
energy is emitted as high-energy ultravio-
let photons.
When HHG was first discovered, there
was little science to explain it, but after
many years of work, scientists eventually
understood how very high harmonics are
emitted. However, one significant chal-
lenge remained: The output HHG beams
were extremely weak for most wave-
lengths in the x-ray region.
To turn the phenomenon into a useful
x-ray source, Murnane, Kapteyn and their
students developed a tabletop-scale instru-
ment that had been a goal for laser
science since shortly after the first laser
was demonstrated by Theodore Maiman
in 1960.
The task proved difficult because
unlike lasers, which get more intense as
more energy is pumped into the system
in HHG, if the atoms are hit too hard
by the laser, too many of the electrons
are freed from the gas atoms, causing
the laser light to speed up, Murnane said.
If the laser and x-ray speeds are not
matched, the x-ray waves cannot be com-
bined to generate a bright output beam
because the x-ray waves from different
gas atoms destructively interfere with
one another.
To make x-ray waves from multiple gas
atoms interfere constructively, the team
used a relatively long-wavelength mid-IR
laser and a high-pressure gas cell that also
guides the laser light. The result was a
bright x-ray beam that maintained the
coherent, directed beam qualities of the
laser that drives the process.
The HHG process works only when the
atoms are hit hard and fast by the laser
pulses, with durations nearing 10 to 14 s
a fundamental limit that represents just a
few oscillations of the electromagnetic
fields. This technology was developed in
1990 by Murnane and Kapteyn, using
lasers that developed HHG-based light
sources in the extreme-UV region in the
2000s.
Although scientists have used this tech-
nology to measure ever-shorter-duration
light pulses, the two JILA professors were
stuck on how to make coherent light at
shorter wavelengths in the more penetrat-
ing x-ray region.
We would have never found this if
we hadnt sat down and thought about
what happens overall during HHG:
when we change the wavelength of the
laser driving it, what parameters have to
be changed to make it work, Kapteyn
said. The amazing thing is that the
physics seem to be panning out, even over
a very broad range of parameters. Usually
in science you find a scaling rule that
prevents you from making a dramatic
jump, but in this case, we were able to
generate 1.6 keV each x-ray photon
was generated from more than 5000
infrared photons.
The findings appeared in Science (doi:
10.1126/science.1218497).
In the future, the team hopes to break
into the hard x-ray regime.
Our best guess is that we will under-
stand the underlying physics in five years,
and then we will know better if we can
generate hard x-ray beams from tabletop
femtosecond lasers, Murnane said. The
exciting thing is that we currently see no
roadblock to achieving hard x-rays, and
there are several routes that we can use.
We need femtosecond lasers with milli-
joules of energy in the five- to twenty-mi-
cron-wavelength region, or other advanced
pulse-shaping technologies, to test our un-
derstanding experimentally.
For now, she said, her colleagues want to
use soft x-rays for nanoscience and nano-
technology. They also intend to explore
the limits of how far they can push the
science of extreme nonlinear optics.
By having multicolor x-rays all per-
fectly synchronized with respect to one
another, we can probe many different mol-
ecules and materials and generate the
shortest pulses to date, Murnane said.
Even shorter zeptosecond pulses will
be possible if we use longer laser wave-
lengths.
18
t TECHNEWS
Nondistorting mirror
eliminates blind spots
PHILADELPHIA Have you ever been passed on the road by a
vehicle that seems to have come out of nowhere? Well, drivers:
Take heed. A new subtly curved side mirror that dramatically in-
creases the field of view with minimal distortion could offer an
alternative to traditional mirrors that induce blind spots.
Created by Drexel University mathematics professor Dr. R.
Andrew Hicks, the new mirror uses a mathematical algorithm to
precisely control the angle of light bouncing off its curves; it was
recently issued a US patent.
Imagine that the mirrors surface is made of many smaller
mirrors turned to different angles, like a disco ball, Hicks said.
The algorithm is a set of calculations to manipulate the direction
of each face of the metaphorical disco ball so that each ray of
light bouncing off the mirror shows the driver a wide, but not too
distorted, picture of the scene behind him.
Traditional flat mirrors on the drivers side of a car give an ac-
curate sense of the distance of vehicles and objects behind them,
but the field of view is narrow. This results in a region of space
behind the vehicle, known as the blind spot, which drivers cannot
see via either the rearview or side mirrors.
Now with Hicks curved mirror, a drivers field of view could
be as great as 45, compared with the 15 to 17 field produced
by a traditional flat side mirror. The new mirror barely detects
any visual distortion of shapes and straight lines, unlike simple
curved mirrors that squash the perceived shape of objects and
make straight lines appear curved.
US regulations dictate that cars coming off the assembly line
must have a flat mirror on the drivers side; curved mirrors are
allowed for the passenger side only if they include the sentence
Objects in mirror are closer than they appear. Because of such
regulations, Hicks mirror will not be installed on new cars sold
in the US anytime soon.
The rationale for current regulations that say mirrors must be
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A side-by-side comparison of a standard flat drivers-side mirror with a new
slightly curved mirror designed at Drexel University. With minimal distortion, the
new mirror shows a much wider field of view; note the wide area to the left of
the silver car seen in the distance, behind the tree. Courtesy of R. Andrew Hicks,
Drexel University.
flat is that flat mirrors give an accurate
reflection of depth and distance, Drexel
news officer Rachel Ewing told Photonics
Spectra.
A mirror that is curved to show a
wider field of view will make objects ap-
pear smaller and farther away, just because
things have to look smaller if you want to
fit more stuff in, she added. The Hicks
mirror doesnt solve that problem, but
drastically reduces the distortion of shapes
you would see in a simple convex mirror.
The device could be manufactured and
sold as an aftermarket product that drivers
and mechanics can install on cars after
purchase. Slightly curved mirrors are al-
lowed on some new cars in certain Euro-
pean and Asian countries.
Currently, only two prototypes of the
mirror exist, Ewing said.
t TECHNEWS
HAMBURG, Germany A free-electron
laser (FEL) x-ray technique that obtains
high-resolution structural insight into bio-
molecules to deliver structural data even-
tually could be used to design tailor-made
medications.
Understanding the structure of biomole-
cules is important for the fields of medi-
cine and biology because the molecules
shapes often determine their functions.
These structures are commonly distin-
guished by x-ray crystallography, but this
process often is difficult and slow, and the
failure rate high.
Now, scientists from Max Planck Ad-
vanced Study Group and Max Planck In-
stitute for Medical Research have used the
Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) in
California to determine the structure of the
small protein lysozyme the first enzyme
ever to have its structure revealed down
to a resolution of 0.19 nm. A total of
10,000 snapshot exposures from crystals
measuring only one-thousandth of a mil-
limeter were collated; the data was compa-
rable to that obtained using traditional ap-
proaches on lysozyme crystals that are a
hundredfold larger. No signs of radiation
damage were found.
We were able to show that atomic res-
olution information can be collected be-
fore radiation damage has a chance to take
effect, said Anton Barty, co-author and a
scientist at the German accelerator center
FEL reveals protein architecture in detail
Schematic representation of the experimental setup at the Coherent X-ray Imaging end station at the Linac
Coherent Light Source. Millions of tiny crystals are injected into the free-electron laser beam in a thin liquid jet.
Diffraction patterns are generated when a crystal intersects a free-electron x-ray flash and are captured on
a detector shown on the left. Images courtesy of Max Planck Institute for Medical Research.
Structure of the protein lysozyme. The spatial
arrangement of the 129 amino acids is schemati-
cally depicted in the form of spirals (helices) and
arrows (pleated sheets).
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812_DRSTechnology_Pg21_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:21 PM Page 21
DESY (Deutsches Elektronen Synchro-
tron). The key is ultrashort pulses we
see no effects of damage before the x-ray
pulse has already passed.
The good agreement benchmarks the
method, making it a valuable tool for sys-
tems that yield only tiny crystals, said
Ilme Schlichting of the institute for med-
ical research.
The LCLS enables scientists to study
previously intractable molecular structures
because the x-ray flashes from the laser
are extremely bright, so only the tiniest
crystals are needed for a structural analy-
sis. The microcrystals used in this study
almost vaporized immediately when sub-
jected to the intense x-ray light.
The exceptionally intense x-ray pulses
possible with FELs open the door for ana-
lyzing completely new classes of biomole-
cules, like proteins from the cell mem-
brane, that are hard or nearly impossible
to crystallize, said Henry Chapman of
DESY. This will allow us to explore un-
charted terrain in structural biology.
The study appeared in Science (doi:
10.1126/science.1217737).
t
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TECHNEWS
OCT device could KO chronic ear infections
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. A new optical coher-
ence tomography (OCT) device that can
see difficult-to-detect bacteria behind the
eardrum could help clinicians better diag-
nose and treat chronic ear infections.
Ear infections are the most common
conditions that pediatricians treat. Chronic
ear infections can be detrimental to hear-
ing and often require surgery to place
drainage tubes in the eardrums. Patients
who suffer from chronic ear infections
may have a film of bacteria or other mi-
croorganisms that build up behind the
eardrum, according to studies. To treat
such infections, these biofilms must be
detected and monitored.
We know that antibiotics dont always
work well if you have a biofilm, because
the bacteria protect themselves and be-
come resistant, said Stephen Boppart, a
University of Illinois electrical and com-
puter engineering professor. In the pres-
ence of a chronic ear infection that has a
biofilm, the bacteria may not respond to
the usual antibiotics, and you need to stop
them. But without being able to detect the
biofilm, we have no idea whether or not
its responding to treatment.
Middle-ear biofilms are difficult to di-
agnose, and current invasive tests to see
evidence of biofilms are unpleasant for the
patient and cannot be used routinely.
Now, Boppart and his research team
have devised a noninvasive imaging sys-
tem that uses beams of light to collect
high-resolution, 3-D tissue images, scan-
ning through the eardrum to the biofilm
behind it much like ultrasound imaging
but using light.
We send the light into the ear canal, and it scatters and re-
flects from the tympanic membrane and the biofilm behind it,
said Cac Nguyen, a graduate student and lead author of the paper.
We measure the reflection, and with the reference light, we can
get the structure in depth.
The single scan is performed in a fraction of a second and im-
ages a few millimeters deep behind the eardrum. Thus, doctors
can see not only the presence of a biofilm, but also how thick it
is and its position against the eardrum.
This marks the first demonstration of an ear OCT device to de-
tect biofilms in human patients. To test the device, the researchers
worked with clinicians at Carle Foundation Hospital in Urbana.
They scanned patients with diagnosed chronic ear infections as
well as patients with normal ears; in all patients with chronic in-
fections, they identified biofilms, whereas none of the normal
ears showed evidence of biofilms.
Next, the researchers plan to investigate various ear patholo-
gies, particularly comparing acute and chronic infections, and
will examine the relationship between biofilms and hearing loss.
They hope that improved diagnostics will lead to better treatment
and referral practices.
They would like to make their device, currently a handheld
prototype, more compact, easy to use and inexpensive. Welch
Allyn of Skaneateles Falls, N.Y., has collaborated on the project,
which was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
The team also hopes to tweak the device so that it may be ap-
plied to other areas commonly examined by primary care physi-
cians. Doctors could change the tip of the OCT device to look at
the eyes, nose, mouth or skin.
All the sites that a primary care physician would look at, we
can now look at with this more advanced imaging, Boppart said.
With OCT, we are bringing to the primary-care clinic high-resolu-
tion 3-D digital imaging and [are] being able to look at many dif-
ferent tissue structures in real time, noninvasively and in depth.
The ear-imaging device is the first in a suite of OCT-based
imaging tools that Bopparts group plans to develop.
The research appeared in the online early edition of the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (doi: 10.1073/
pnas.1201592109).
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t TECHNEWS
To learn more about Bopparts work in biomedical
imaging, listen to the Photonics Media webinar
The Future of Imaging, Three Perspectives.
http://www.photonics.com/Webinar.aspx?WebinarID=13.
University of Illinois researchers have tested a prototype of a new device
that can see biofilms behind the eardrum to better diagnose and treat
chronic ear infections. Courtesy of Stephen Boppart.
Even with the largest telescopes, these
types of planets cannot be imaged directly.
Measuring the tiny Doppler shifts, or wob-
ble, in the spectrum of a parent star re-
sulting from the recoiling motion caused
by the planet is the most successful
detection method to date. The light that
reaches us from distant stars is composed
of multiple spectral lines that are charac-
teristic of the different chemical elements
in the stars gas atmosphere. When the star
is moving toward or away from the ob-
server, these lines shift slightly to higher
or lower frequencies.
By measuring the Doppler shifts, as-
tronomers can obtain information about
the stars movement. This provides a
promising way of locating extrasolar plan-
ets that reveal their identity only indi-
rectly: While traveling around their central
star, they push and pull it a little bit, caus-
ing a relatively small change in its veloc-
ity. For this reason, the amount of Doppler
shift in the stars spectrum is very small
and can be detected only with the help of
high-precision measurement tools.
Unfortunately, adapting laser frequency
combs for astronomical spectroscopy ap-
plications has posed a few major technical
challenges. Even precision spectrographs
such as HARPS provide limited frequency
resolution typically around 10
5
. This
t TECHNEWS
Laser rulers join the planet hunt
Use of Doppler shift measurements in the search for extrasolar planets. When a planet (red ball) orbits
a star (yellow ball), the recoil it exerts gives rise to a periodic movement: At one time the star is moving
toward the observer (above), and the light waves appear to be squeezed. This means the radiation is shifted
toward higher frequencies, which is called a blueshift. If, on the other hand, the star is traveling away
from the observer (see below), the waves seem to be stretched, resulting in a so-called redshift toward
lower frequencies. Courtesy of Th. Udem, MPQ.
GARCHING, Germany Astronomers
searching for extrasolar planets may be
a step closer to finding other Earth-like
places in the universe around sunlike stars,
thanks to a new tool that promises to in-
crease the accuracy of planet-hunting de-
vices by tenfold.
Scientists from the Max Planck Institute
of Quantum Optics, in collaboration with
the European Southern Observatory
(ESO), the Instituto de Astrofisica de Ca-
narias and Menlo Systems GmbH, have
modified the laser frequency comb tech-
nique so that it can be applied for the cali-
bration of astronomical spectrographs.
Laser frequency combs are calibration
tools designed to precisely measure
wobble in stars.
The researchers successfully tested the
instrument with the High Accuracy Radial
velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS), a spec-
trograph at the 3.6-m telescope at La Silla
Observatory in Chile. They achieved a
tenfold improvement in precision over tra-
ditional spectral lamp calibrators, which
will significantly enhance the chances of
discovering Earth-like planets outside our
solar system. This modification could help
astronomers determine whether our solar
system is the only place in the universe
that provides the conditions needed for life
as we know it.
812_ILXLightwave_Pg25_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:22 PM Page 25
means that the lines of the frequency comb
would have to be spaced at intervals of
more than 10 GHz or it would not be able
to resolve them. Another challenge is that
astronomical spectrographs operate in the
visible spectral region.
To overcome these challenges, the re-
searchers chose a fiber laser system as the
basis of the frequency comb. These sys-
tems emit light in the infrared region and
have spectral distances of a few hundred
megahertz. The scientists changed these
properties, however, by implementing a
cascade of several spectral filters and
using advanced fibers developed by Philip
Russell of Max Planck Institute for the
Science of Light in Erlangen. The result
was a frequency comb with the desired
mode spacing and a broad spectrum in the
visible range.
When calibrated with the HARPS spec-
trograph, the modified frequency comb
delivered 2.5-cm/s sensitivity for velocity
changes. This was demonstrated in a series
of measurements taken in November 2010
and January 2011.
Next, the researchers plan to pursue a
task even more challenging than looking
for planets. Astronomical observations
have shown that the universe is not static
but rather expanding continuously. New
results on the microwave background radi-
ation and the observation of supernovae
suggest that this expansion is accelerating
over time. However, the change of the ve-
locity is expected to be very small, on the
order of 1 cm/s annually. This precision is
expected to be delivered by the next ESO
project, the European Extremely Large
Telescope, which is planned for construc-
tion in Chile in the next decade. High-
precision frequency combs will be at the
heart of its Codex spectrograph, provid-
ing a calibration precision of one part per
300 billion a feat equivalent to measur-
ing the circumference of the Earth to half
a millimeter.
The findings appeared in Nature (doi:
10.1038/nature11092).
Matter waves conjured
in Schrdingers hat
SEATTLE An amplifier devised to boost
light, sound or other waves while hiding
them inside an invisible container could
lead to the construction of a quantum mi-
croscope that captures quantum waves and
monitors electronic processes on computer
chips.
The University of Washington system,
dubbed Schrdingers hat, refers to
the quantum mechanical paradox of
Schrdingers cat and the creation of
something from what appears to be
nothing.
In some sense, you are doing some-
thing magical, because it looks like a
particle is being created, said Gunther
Uhlmann, a mathematics professor at the
university. Its like pulling something
out of your hat. Matter waves also can
be shrunk inside the system, although
concealing very small objects is not so
interesting, Uhlmann said.
You can isolate and magnify what you
want to see and make the rest invisible,
he said.
By manipulating waves, the mathemati-
cians hope to create a quantum micro-
scope that can capture quantum waves.
You can amplify the waves tremen-
dously, Uhlmann said. And although
the wave has been magnified a lot, you
cannot see what is happening inside the
container.
Previously, the team collaborated on
the math that formulates invisibility
cloaks. The international group also cre-
ated wormholes in which waves disappear
in one place and reappear in another.
26
t TECHNEWS
For more information, see Star
Comb Joins Quest for Other Earths,
www.photonics.com/wa50310.
This graphic shows a matter wave hitting a so-called
Schrdingers hat. The wave inside the container is
magnified. Outside, the waves wrap as though they
had never encountered any obstacle. Courtesy of G.
Uhlmann, University of Washington.
The new system has the potential to
make various types of waves disappear,
including longer ones such as quantum
matter waves, sound and microwaves.
From the experimental point of view,
I think the most exciting thing is how
easy it seems to be to build materials for
acoustic cloaking, Uhlmann said. We
hope that its feasible, but in science you
dont know until you do it.
The team is now working toward build-
ing a prototype.
The findings appeared in the Proceed-
ings of the National Academy of Sciences
(doi: 10.1073/pnas.1116864109).
t
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TECHNEWS
Laser ARPES helps explain superconductivity
BERKELEY, Calif. A new ultrafast
laser angle-resolved photoemission spec-
troscopy (ARPES) technique may soon
help scientists realize some of the biggest
obstacles to the electronic states of high-
temperature superconductors so that they
may one day put these energy-saving met-
als to practical use.
Superconductivity, in which electric cur-
rent flows without resistance, promises sig-
nificant energy savings, but for everyday
applications such as low-voltage electric
grids with no transmission losses or super-
efficient motors and generators, conven-
tional superconductivity cannot do the job.
Superconductors must be maintained at
temperatures a few degrees above absolute
zero, which is difficult and expensive.
For wider uses, higher-temperature
superconductors that can function well
above absolute zero will need to be cre-
ated. Yet known high-temperature (high-
T
c
) superconductors are complex materials
whose electronic structures, despite
decades of work, are still far from clear.
Now scientists at the US Department
of Energys Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory and the University of Califor-
nia, Berkeley, have used a powerful new
tool to attack some of the biggest obsta-
cles to understanding the electronic states
of high-temperature superconductors
ARPES.
What weve done with ultrafast laser
ARPES is to start with a high-T
c
supercon-
ductor called Bi2212 and cool it to well
below the critical temperature where it be-
comes superconducting, said Christoper
Smallwood, first author of the paper.
The researchers fired an infrared laser
pulse at the sample, temporarily cracking
open some of the Cooper pairs electrons
that form correlated charge carriers that
barely interact with their crystalline sur-
roundings into their constituent parts,
called quasiparticles. As these states
decayed, recombining back into Cooper
pairs, the researchers used ARPES to
measure their changing energy and
momentum.
The relaxation process takes just a few
trillionths of a second from start to finish,
and in the end, we were able to assemble
and watch an extremely slow motion
movie of Cooper-pair formation, which
showed that the quasiparticles tend to re-
combine faster or slower, depending both
on their momentum and on the intensity of
the pump pulse, Smallwood said. Its an
exciting development because these trends
may be directly connected to the mecha-
nism holding Cooper pairs together.
A Cooper pair has less energy than two
independent electrons, leaving an energy
gap between the sea of Cooper pairs and
the usual lowest energy of the charge car-
riers in the material. Maps of this super-
conducting gap can be calculated, or, re-
markably, drawn directly by the charge
carriers themselves.
In ARPES experiments, the electrons
momenta and angles that are knocked
t
NOW YOU HAVE
A CHOICE.
TECHNEWS
Part of the momentum map of Bi2212 derived from ultrafast
laser ARPES shows that, after initial excitation by a pump
probe, the speed with which quasiparticles recombine into
Cooper pairs depends upon their position in momentum
space. (Only one of the four corners of the Fermi surface
momentum map is shown as insets in left panels.) Near
the central nodes, the quasiparticles recombine slowly.
Far from the nodes, they recombine quickly. Courtesy of
Lanzara Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
and UC Berkeley.
loose by a sufficiently energetic beam of
light are used to map out the materials
momentum space on a flat detector screen.
The momentum space map shows the ma-
terials band structure, the energy levels
accessible to its charge carriers.
Were stuck with 5.9-electron-volt
photon energy, and we cant tune it much,
like we could at the ALS [Berkeley Labs
Advanced Light Source], Smallwood
said. But by happenstance, this energy is
great for looking at high-T
c
superconduc-
tors, and the low photon energy gives us
better momentum resolution.
Most high-T
c
superconductors, includ-
ing Bi2212, resemble cuprate ceramics,
rich in copper and oxygen. The supercon-
ducting gap is uniform for almost all con-
ventional metal superconductors, but in
the cuprates, it varies greatly. For some
momenta, the gap is large, but at four spe-
cial points in momentum space, it drops
all the way to zero. The existence of such
nodes in the gap is a distinguishing
characteristic of cuprate high-T
c
supercon-
ductors.
This is where ultrafast laser ARPES,
which is only about five years old, really
comes into play to give us results not ac-
cessible by other means, he said. The
laser we use is a titanium-sapphire laser
that can emit femtosecond-scale pulses.
The same beam pulse that creates the
infrared pump pulse is split to form the
more energetic ultraviolet probe pulse,
by passing part of it through frequency-
doubling crystals. A motorized mirror
can be used to adjust with femtosecond
precision the time delay between pump
and probe. The tiny sample can be tilted
to any desired angle, which determines
which part of the band structure is being
examined by ARPES.
The research team determined the rela-
tion between the initial excitation energy,
the quasiparticles position in momentum
space, and how quickly the quasiparticles
decay. Greater initial excitation energy
yields faster recombination into Cooper
pairs, but so does crystal momentum far
from the nodes. Quasiparticles with mo-
mentum that places them near the nodes
on the Fermi surface decay very slowly.
When additional ultrafast all-optical
techniques, using infrared for both pump
and probe pulses, were applied to the
same sample, the results were in good
agreement with ARPES.
Its exciting that now we are able to
measure these components of recombina-
tion distinctly and see what each con-
tributes, Smallwood said. It gives us a
new handle on ways to assess some of the
candidate ideas about how Cooper pairs
form, such as the suggestion that the en-
ergy and momenta of quasiparticles far
from a node may resonate with waves of
spin density or charge density to form
Cooper pairs. Weve shown the way to
measure this and other ideas to see if they
play a significant role in the transition to
high-temperature superconductivity.
The research appeared in Science (doi:
10.1126/science.1217423).
t TECHNEWS

more optics | more technology | more service
www.edmundoptics.com/cage-system
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NE W
t*EFBMGPS1SPUPUZQJOHBOE6OJWFSTJUZ3FTFBSDI
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Booth 1116
Ashley N. Paddock
ashley.paddock@photonics.com
EuroLED draws more than 2000 attendees
BIRMINGHAM, UK The ninth annual
euroLED exhibition, gala dinner and con-
ference attracted more visitors than ever.
The two-day event for the LED and solid-
state lighting industry was held at Birm-
ingham Science Parks National Exhibi-
tion Centre in June and drew more than
2000 attendees from across the UK and
continental Europe.
At the exhibition which was spon-
sored by Philips, Arrow Electronics and
PurEcoLED 95 companies showcased
their latest products. Underwriters Labora-
tories (UL) sponsored the technical con-
ference, which brought in keynote speak-
ers from across Europe. The dinner was
sponsored by UK Trade & Investment,
and Total Lighting was the euroLED 2012
media partner.
With a record number of visitors to
euroLED 2012, we could not be more
excited about the shows potential for next
year our 10th birthday, said Michelle
Cleaver, Birmingham Science Parks head
of euroLED.
To build up the momentum and fuel
further debate about the unprecedented
growth in the LED lighting sector, we will
be holding kicker events over the next 12
months at Birmingham Science Park, with
fantastic speakers who are at the forefront
of industry innovations.
These events will also enable delegates
to pay a visit to our acclaimed Optical
Performance Centre, which is working
with some of the biggest names in LED on
research, testing and accreditation, as well
as supporting highly innovative startup
businesses.
The euroLED conference lineup for
2012 included Tom van den Bussche, Eu-
ropean marketing director for Bridgelux
Inc. in France; Dr. Heinz Seyringer, head
of research collaborations at Zumtobel
Group AG in Austria; Netherlands-based
Hideki Kaneguchi, deputy managing di-
rector of Nichia Europe; and Dr. Ulrich
Steegmueller, vice president and chief
technology officer of Osram Opto Semi-
conductors GmbH of Germany.
TRACK
FAST
Attendees listen to speakers in the euroLED 2012 Seminar Theatre; the Institution of Lighting Professionals and
the Lighting Industry Association organized the speaker lineup. Images courtesy of euroLED.
A wide range of products was on display
at the event.
Astronomers decry UKs defunding
of Hawaii telescopes
HARWELL, UK May 31 was a sad
day for British astronomy, according to
David Southwood, president of the Royal
Astronomical Society (RAS). That was the
day the Science and Technologies Facili-
ties Council (STFC) announced that it
would close or transfer to other organi-
zations the Hawaii-based James Clerk
Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) and the UK
Infra-Red Telescope (UKIRT).
STFC Chief Executive John Womersley
said that the council had met two days ear-
lier and decided, upon the recommenda-
tion of its science board, that both tele-
scopes would close if a suitable alternate
operator were not found. Both are on the
volcano Mauna Kea on the main island of
Hawaii; UKIRT will be decommissioned
in September 2013 and JCMT, in Septem-
ber 2014, after it has completed the sci-
ence program for the Submillimetre Com-
mon User Bolometric Array 2 (SCUBA-2)
instrument. UKIRT and JCMT are both
operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre.
The closure of these innovative facili-
ties, telescopes that continue to deliver
ground-breaking research ... will further
reduce the capacity of UK astronomers to
carry out world-leading science, South-
wood said.
With a 3.8-m mirror, UKIRT is the sec-
ond-largest dedicated IR telescope in the
world. Sited atop the volcano at an alti-
812_FastTrack_Layout 1 7/19/12 12:54 PM Page 30
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tude of 4200 m, it began operation in
1979. It is carrying out the Deep Sky Sur-
vey, searching for objects ranging from
nearby brown dwarfs to distant quasars.
The JCMT, also on Mauna Kea, is the
largest telescope in the world dedicated to
submillimeter radiation, between the far-
IR and microwaves. The telescope saw
first light in 1987 and is run by the UK,
Canada and the Netherlands. The SCUBA-
2 is mounted on JCMT and is surveying
the galaxy and wider universe for undis-
covered populations of stars and galaxies.
We must now also commence negotia-
tions with the University of Hawaii as the
leaseholder of the Mauna Kea sites, and
with other potential operators of each of
the Hawaii telescopes. If a suitable alter-
nate operator is not identified for either
Hawaiian telescope, STFC will decommis-
sion that telescope and restore the site as
required by the lease, Womersley said.
It is sad to see plans for the end of life
of facilities which have given such good
service to the astronomy community and
made possible major advances in our un-
derstanding of the universe we live in,
said professor Stuart Palmer, the Institute
of Physics interim chief executive. They
still offer unique capabilities, and we hope
that ways will be found to make them
available for UK astronomers to use as
long as they are of value.
The STFC also said that operations of
the Isaac Newton Group of telescopes on
La Palma in the Canary Islands, primarily
the William Herschel Telescope (WHT),
will be extended until March 2015 to pro-
vide time for negotiations with existing
partners, in the hope of continued access
for UK astronomers. The WHT observes
the sky in visible light.
Without the WHT, UK astronomers
would have been in the odd position of
being unable to observe the Northern
Hemisphere of the sky ... at optical wave-
lengths, the RAS said. This access is
also critical for instrument development
and for observations that complement new
radio observatories like the pan-European
LOFAR [low frequency] array.
The decision, a consequence of govern-
ment cuts to the UK science budget, will
result in the loss of about 40 jobs, the
RAS said.
After consultation with the astronomi-
cal community, I am pleased that STFC
has found a solution that will allow UK
scientists to continue to use the Isaac
Newton Group, an issue of concern for the
RAS since 2007, Southwood said. At
the moment, UK astronomers and space
scientists are amongst the most productive
in the world and are second only to the
United States in the number of citations of
our scientific papers.
The UKIRT board said in a statement
that it was very disappointed in the
STFCs decision and [we] do not under-
stand why the opportunity to continue sci-
entific operations for another year has
been rejected, particularly as the opera-
tions costs that would fall on STFC are
very low. With contributions from inter-
national customers and the shared opera-
tion with JCMT, the additional funding
needed to operate UKIRT to September
2014 is less than 100,000 (about
$155,000), the board said.
UKIRTs productivity is at an all-time
high, with the number of papers published
in 2011 amongst the highest of any tele-
scope in the world, the board added. We
hope that another organization will come
forward to take over operation of UKIRT
and continue its heritage of outstanding,
world-leading astronomy from one of the
very best observing locations on Earth.
As we move to step up involvement in
projects like the Square Kilometre Array
and the European Extremely Large Tele-
scope, the UK needs to remain a credible
international partner with a decent re-
search infrastructure. Reduction in access
to astronomical observatories and in re-
search funding more generally puts this
at risk, Southwood said.
We hope that UK astronomers will be
able to play a full part in these new pro-
grams, Palmer said.
The STFC is an independent, nonde-
partmental public body of the Department
for Business, Innovation and Skills. The
STFCs predecessor council for astronomy
agreed in 2001 to wind down operations
of the island telescopes as part of UK ac-
cession to the European Southern Obser-
vatory organization. Membership in ESO
gives UK astronomers access to world-
class telescopes in Chile.
In 2009, a prioritization of the STFC
science program recommended the closure
of both sites by the end of 2012; however,
the STFC extended the life of both groups
of telescopes to complete existing science
programs and commissioned a review of
the future of both telescopes by its science
board, an independent scientific advisory
body. The STFC councils decision was
based on that advice.
32
f
FASTTRACK
UKIRT, the second-largest dedicated infrared telescope in the world, is slated to close in 2013.
Courtesy of the Joint Astronomy Centre.
BUSINESSBRIEFS
Mobius Granted Patent Fiber laser producer
Mobius Photonics Inc. of Mountain View, Calif.,
has received US Patent No. 8,160,113 for its
pulse burst laser system. The optical system can
produce user-specific bursts of laser pulses tai-
lored in pulse heights, widths and spacings. It
does not require an acousto-optic modulator or
internal Q-switch. It is suitable for applications
that require a simple laser system that produces
consistent, high-quality pulse bursts that can be
customized for processes including laser direct
imaging and solar panel processing. With the
technology, the company is able to offer laser systems with flexibility for
a broad range of applications.
AFL Expands in Europe AFL of Spartanburg, S.C., has announced the
Netherlands-based Systicom Solutions as an authorized distributor of its
specialty fiber optic cable products. The partnership enables AFL to extend
its presence into additional European countries and provide fiber optic so-
lutions to enhance communications. AFLs fiber optic cable products in-
clude the SkyWrap, all-dielectric self-supporting cable and optical ground
wires manufactured in its Swindon, UK, facility. Systicom Solutions offers
FTTx cables and accessories, specialized telecom cables and solution-
based engineering to serve the oil and gas, power utilities and renewable
energies industries.
SPIE Backs SMART Jobs Bill A new bill that would enable foreign stu-
dents educated in US graduate programs to stay in the country and work
has gained the support of SPIE. The Sustaining our Most Advanced Re-
searchers and Technology (SMART) Jobs Act of 2012 would create a visa
category for students in science, technology, engineering and mathemat-
ics fields. The category would allow students who declare their intent to
obtain work in their fields to remain in the US for a certain amount of
time to seek employment and apply for a green card.
Teledyne Acquiring Companies Teledyne RD Instruments Inc., a sub-
sidiary of Teledyne Technologies Inc. of Thousand Oaks, Calif., has en-
tered an agreement to acquire BlueView Technologies Inc. of Seattle. The
closing of the transaction, which is subject to various conditions including
the approval of BlueViews shareholders, was expected to be completed
around July 2. BlueView provides compact high-resolution acoustic imag-
ing and measurement solutions for underwater vision, monitoring, survey,
detection and navigation. Teledyne Technologies supplies instrumentation,
digital imaging products and software, aerospace and defense electronics,
and engineered systems.
Teledyne Technologies and LeCroy Corp. of Chestnut Ridge, N.Y., have
jointly announced their entrance into a definitive agreement stating that a
wholly owned subsidiary of Teledyne will acquire all outstanding common
shares of LeCroy for $14.30 per share, payable in cash.
NSF Award Creates Partnership The National Science Foundation
awarded $3.3 million to the University of Texas at El Paso and the Univer-
sity of California, Santa Barbara, to establish a long-term partnership for
materials science and engineering research, including solar energy. The
award is part of the national Partnerships for Research and Education in
Materials (PREM) grant program. The UTEP-UCSB PREM program broadens
the participation and advanced degree attainment of underrepresented
minorities, primarily Hispanic students, in materials science and engineer-
ing. It will enable students to participate in research internships at the
partner university.
Sss MicroTec Takes Over Company Sss MicroTec AG of Garching,
Germany, has increased its shareholding in Suss MicroOptics SA of
Neuchtel, Switzerland, from 85 to 100 percent. Suss MicroOptics manu-
factures refractive and diffractive micro-optics. Sss MicroTec supplies
equipment and process solutions for microstructuring in the semiconductor
industry and related markets.
Light Brigade Names VP The Light Brigade, a fiber optic training
provider, has appointed Dario De Paolis as its vice president and general
manager, responsible for strategic development and management of
worldwide operations. He has served as director of worldwide sales of a
Fluke Corp. division of Danaher Corp. and was the business unit manager
and director of sales operations for AMPAC. Most recently, he worked at
PartMiner Worldwide Inc. as vice president of worldwide component sales.
The Light Brigade of Tukwila, Wash., offers public and custom classes on
fiber optic design, maintenance and testing, and produces educational
DVDs and CDs.
Edmund Named Finalist Robert Edmund is a finalist in the Ernst &
Young Entrepreneur of the Year 2012 program based in the Greater
Philadelphia region, according to optical components provider Edmund
Optics of Barrington, N.J. The award recognizes entrepreneurs who
demonstrate excellence and extraordinary success in the areas of innova-
tion, financial performance and personal commitment to their businesses
Need to minimize system cost? Locate a mirror in an otherwise
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and communities. Under his leadership, Ed-
mund Optics has expanded to more than 700
employees worldwide, servicing more than
200,000 global customers through 12 regional
offices. Regional award winners are eligible for
consideration for the Ernst & Young National
Entrepreneur of the Year program. The winner
will be announced in November.
Genia Photonics Granted Loan Genia Pho-
tonics of Laval, Quebec, Canada, has received
$300,000 in financial assistance from the
Canadian government to acquire state-of-the-
art production equipment and laboratory mate-
rials. The repayable funding was awarded
under the Canada Economic Developments
business and regional growth program and
could result in the creation of 22 jobs by 2014.
The equipment and laboratory facilities will en-
able the company to meet growing customer
demand and to further accelerate research and
development it has initiated over the past two
years. Genia Photonics supplies pulse-program-
mable and multifunctional fiber-based lasers
for security, biomedical, pharmaceutical and
chemical applications.
Laser Operations Names CEO Laser veteran
Dr. Vittorio Fossati-Bellani is the new CEO of
QPC laser manufacturer Laser Operations LLC
of Sylmar, Calif. He had served as chief market-
ing officer since the beginning of the year.
Previously, he held executive positions at Dilas
and Pyrophotonics and also managed his own
laser and photonics consulting business. He
also spent 27 years at Coherent, where he was
Semiconductor Group president and chief
marketing officer. Robert Miller also has joined
the company as senior director of manufactur-
ing. He previously worked at Melles-Griot,
Advanced Bionics and Coherent.
LightPath Hires Hayden IR Optical compo-
nents manufacturer LightPath Technologies Inc.
of Orlando, Fla., has retained Hayden IR to
develop and implement a strategic investor
relations program to raise its visibility and to
strengthen its relationship with the investment
community. LightPath is at an exciting inflec-
tion point, and we believe the timing is appro-
priate to increase investor awareness and dis-
cuss our opportunities with new investors, said
Jim Gaynor, president and CEO. The technol-
ogy and manufacturing expertise weve devel-
oped has given us an exciting platform for
growth for our core precision-molded optics
business as well as a compelling, incremental
opportunity in the infrared space.
Nufern Wins Military Contracts Fiber laser
manufacturer Nufern of East Granby, Conn.,
has been awarded multiple contracts on com-
petitively bid programs to build 46 >1-kW fiber
amplifiers in support of multiple government
laser efforts. The amplifiers, to be delivered
later this year, will be used to develop and test
coherent optical phased array and spectrally
combined array technologies that enable scala-
ble laser weapons 10 times lighter and more
compact than existing high-power chemical
laser systems. The systems could perform laser
radar, target designation, tactical and self-
protection tasks.
Raytheon Executives Honored Mark E. Russell
and James A. Horkovich of Raytheon Co., which
is based in Waltham, Mass., were honored as
2012 American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics (AIAA) Fellows at an awards gala
May 9 in Washington. Russell is the companys
vice president of engineering, technology and
mission assurance. Horkovich is the chief engi-
neer of the collaborative weapons project in
the advanced missiles and unmanned systems
product line at Raytheon Missile Systems. The
honor is given to members of the institute who
have made notable contributions to the arts,
sciences or the technology of aeronautics and
astronautics.
Biolase Responds to Patent Suit CAO Group
Inc. of West Jordan, Utah, has filed a lawsuit
against dental laser company Biolase Technol-
ogy Inc. of Irvine, Calif., in US District Court,
alleging patent infringement involving Biolases
ezlase diode laser, the California company an-
nounced. The only claimed novelty of the single
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asserted patent pertains to how excessive fiber is stored and does not
relate to the actual design, features or functions of the ezlase laser. The
Biolase ezlase is used by dentists and hygienists to whiten teeth and has
received FDA 510(k) clearance for pain relief and for therapy in sports
medicine, orthopedics, physical therapy and chiropractic medicine appli-
cations. With close to 300 issued and pending patents, we are very
confident in the breadth of our intellectual property portfolio and in the
strength of our laser technology, said Federico Pignatelli, chairman and
CEO of Biolase. We will fully and vigorously defend Biolase against any
allegations levied by CAO which are without merit.
Evans Joins Artemis Optical Chris Evans has been appointed sales
manager for defense and aerospace at Artemis Optical Ltd. of Plympton,
UK. He previously worked at Meggitt Aerospace Ltd., Honeywell Defence
and Lucas Girling. Artemis Optical manufactures thin-film coatings and
subassembly solutions for the defense and aerospace markets.
UK Companies Win Queens Award Three photonics companies have
received the Queens Award for Enterprise, the UKs most coveted award
for business success. Edinburgh Instruments of Livingston, a photonics and
electro-optical scientific instrumentation manufacturer, was honored for its
sustained international growth. The solid-state laser manufacturer Laser
Quantum of Cheshire was recognized for providing equipment and serv-
ices to the aerospace, medicine, research and biomedical sectors. Fianium
of Southampton received the award in the innovation category for its de-
velopment of the WhiteLase supercontinuum fiber laser. The awards are
made each year by the queen on the advice of the prime minister and an
advisory committee.
Korean Unit Begins Operations Lithography light source manufacturer
Gigaphoton Inc.s wholly owned subsidiary Gigaphoton Korea Inc. began
business operations May 1. The subsidiary will promote new business op-
portunities with Korean device manufacturers and will reinforce its techni-
cal support system for existing customers of Gigaphoton DUV lasers for
semiconductor lithography systems. Based in Oyama, Japan, Gigaphoton
previously operated its excimer laser business through Ushio Korea Inc., a
wholly owned subsidiary of Ushio Inc. Gigaphoton is now a wholly owned
subsidiary of Komatsu.
MicroVision Secures $5M Investment Projection display maker Micro-
Vision Inc. of Redmond, Wash., has received a $5 million equity invest-
ment from private investors. The deal was expected to close by May 29.
The investors had agreed to purchase 3.4 million shares of MicroVisions
common stock at $1.49 a share and warrants to purchase a total of 1 mil-
lion shares of the companys common stock at a price of $2.12 a share,
exercisable until three years from issuance. Shmuel Farhi, the lead in-
vestor and sole owner of Farhi Holdings Inc., said that MicroVision is well
positioned to take advantage of the emerging pico projection market.
Next Lighting Names Katona VP of Products Dr. Thomas Katona is
the new vice president of products for solid-state lighting provider Next
Lighting Corp. of San Francisco. He will be responsible for all aspects of
product marketing and engineering. He has more than 13 years of expe-
rience in the LED industry. He previously served in management roles in
engineering, marketing and business development at Soraa Inc.
Northrop Grumman Fires Up Laser Northrop Grumman Corp. of Falls
Church, Va., test-fired the first product in its next-generation Firestrike
family of high-energy solid-state lasers. Conducted at the companys
Redondo Beach, Calif., laboratory, the tests demonstrated that the laser
could burn through the skin and critical components of a target drone
used to simulate anti-ship cruise missile threats to US Navy ships. The
laser, dubbed Gamma, uses slab architecture similar to that of the com-
panys previous high-power lasers. The company said that the Gammas
real advancement is in the lasers packaging and ruggedization for oper-
ations in real-world military platforms.
Sensors Selected for Airborne Apps Headwall Photonics Hyperspec
short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) sensors have been selected for airborne
applications after the successful completion of rigorous performance test-
ing at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington. The sensors
are designed for high spectral and spatial imaging in harsh operating
environments such as those required for airborne missions. They are
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optimized for high signal-to-noise performance
and light-weighted for airborne deployment.
The Fitchburg, Mass., company said that its
hyperspectral sensor platform has played a key
role at NRL in various applications.
Synopsys Acquires RSoft Electronic design
automation company Synopsys Inc. of Mountain
View, Calif., has acquired the privately held
RSoft Design Group Inc. of Ossining, N.Y., a
photonics design and simulation software pro-
vider. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.
The acquisition will combine Synopsys imaging
and illumination design products with RSofts
photonics design products to provide a more
complete set of optical solutions to the compa-
nies current customers and to support new
technologies, applications and markets as they
emerge. RSofts software is used to design and
optimize optical telecommunications compo-
nents and to simulate complete telecommunica-
tions systems and networks.
Boston Micromachines Awarded Contract
Boston Micromachines Corp. of Cambridge,
Mass., has received a $750,000 Phase II NASA
Small Business Innovation Research contract to
support NASAs Exoplanet Exploration program.
The company produces deformable mirrors
based on microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS). The contract will expand upon the re-
sults increased device reliability achieved in
the companys first phase project. Under the
new grant, the company will construct a 2048
actuator, a continuous face sheet MEMS mirror
with enhanced reliability to handle the harsh
environments in which space-based imaging
instruments operate. Deformable mirrors correct
residual aberrations that space telescope optics
cannot address.
Emcore Secures Contract Emcore Corp. of
Albuquerque, N.M., has been awarded a solar
panel manufacturing contract from NASAs Jet
Propulsion Laboratory for its Soil Moisture Active
Passive (SMAP) mission, which is targeted for
launch in 2014. Solar panels populated with
Emcores ZTJ triple-injection solar cells will
power the SMAP spacecraft and instrument suite
in near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit for the
duration of the mission. The SMAP mission will
provide global measurements of soil moisture
and its freeze/thaw state. Emcore provides
compound semiconductor-based components
and subsystems for the fiber optic and solar
power markets.
Rusnano Invests in NeoPhotonics Photonic
integrated circuit manufacturer NeoPhotonics
Corp. of San Jose, Calif., has received a $39.8
million investment from sovereign investment
firm Rusnano of Moscow in a private placement
transaction. Rusnano acquired 4.97 million
shares of NeoPhotonics at $8 each. NeoPhoton-
ics is planning to build R&D facilities in Russia
and will use a portion of the net proceeds from
the common stock share sales for general cor-
porate purposes and to establish design and
production capabilities there. Targeted comple-
tion date for the expansion is July 31, 2014.
Lasertel Buys MBE System To increase its
laser diode manufacturing capacity, Lasertel Inc.
of Tucson, Ariz., has purchased a second high-
throughput, multiwafer GEN200 Edge molecular
beam epitaxy (MBE) production system from
Veeco Instruments Inc. of Plainview, N.Y. The
system offers advanced automation, precise
process control and in situ process monitoring.
Lasertel is enhancing the manufacturing capa-
bilities of its high-volume semiconductor laser
fabrication and packaging facility in Tucson to
support the increased demand for its current
class-defining product portfolio. The expansion
is expected to be completed by the fourth quar-
ter of this year. Lasertel is a subsidiary of Selex
Galileo Inc., a Finmeccanica company.
Desai Joins Kotura Team Silicon photonics
company Kotura Inc. of Monterey Park, Calif.,
has named Samir Desai as vice president of
business development. He will oversee expan-
sion of business activities in the growing optical
interconnects market and will be instrumental
in expanding the companys partnerships and
strategic relationships in the data center and
computing markets. Desai previously was re-
sponsible for optics global business develop-
ment at TE Connectivity.
36
f
FASTTRACK
GreenLight
Sometimes green saves green
by accident
Environmentally friendly solutions can have a positive financial impact. In this case study,
recycling polishing slurry is shown to be good for the environment and the bottom line.
BY MICHAEL NASELARIS AND ZACHARY HOBBS
SYDOR OPTICS
J
ust because a project is green doesnt
mean it started out that way. Our story
begins with the price explosion of rare
earths, namely cerium oxide, which started
in September 2010 as a result of the newly
imposed Chinese export quota restricting
availability. Cerium oxide is used by opti-
cal component manufacturers around the
world in very fine abrasive slurry to polish
optics.
This export quota resulted in frequent
price increases over a six-month period
with constant uncertainties about the de-
livery of product. Companies were given
two days notice before arrival of the ma-
terial in the US. China supplies more than
95 percent of the worlds rare earths, so
the quota meant that prices increased
about 600 percent over a short period.
Optics cannot be manufactured without
cerium oxide. Many optics companies in
the US and around the globe started wor-
rying about the availability of the material
and started to purchase as much as possi-
ble in advance for inventory. Some suppli-
ers were putting their customers on alloca-
tion based on annual purchases. Our com-
pany was lucky; as a large consumer of
this material, we had options to make
larger purchases when it was available,
thereby avoiding any downtime. We went
so far as to purchase material by the ton.
Still, we use approximately 750 kg per
month, and with restricted availability, we
started looking at alternate suppliers,
hoping to purchase even more, but
achieved minimal success. By accident,
we met Mark Mayton of Flint Creek
Resources, a local chemical engineer
who was consulting with a local company
making a cerium additive for diesel fuel.
The necessity for continuous product
warranted investigating the option of
recycling or reusing the spent cerium
oxide. Our thoughts were on reducing
costs and ensuring constant supply, but
we welcomed the byproducts of recycling
such as reduced waste stream.
Particles do not break down signifi-
cantly during the polishing process, mak-
ing them a strong candidate for recycling.
Over time, polishing slurry becomes filled
with glass swarf, along with trace amounts
of polishing pad material and tooling ma-
terial. Removing these contaminants al-
lows for easy reuse of the cerium oxide
particles.
We started the process by collecting
what we easily could off the machines.
The spent slurry was allowed to settle for
about a week, and then the concentrated
solids were removed for separation of
cerium from glass swarf and other con-
taminants. Once separated, the cerium was
remixed with dispersion and suspension
additives, and the recycled slurry was re-
turned in reusable containers at a concen-
tration of 50 percent solids.
Although our savings initially were
minimal, we needed to overcome some of
the challenges of collecting more of our
spent cerium oxide. We originally cap-
tured about 15 percent for recycling, but
now we are above 40 percent with ef-
forts in place to increase this to 80 per-
cent. We examined other methods of col-
lecting even more used slurry, such as
scraping the slurry trough in the polishing
Cerium oxide is a vital ingredient in the optics polishing process. As availability declines, recycling
this rare earth can help optical component manufacturers save money. Photos taken by Managing Editor
Laura S. Marshall at Sydor Optics.
812_Greenlight_Layout 1 7/19/12 12:52 PM Page 37
machines, where polishing slurry tends to
settle. We evaluated the amount lost in
drag-out, when parts and tooling are re-
moved from the machine after processing.
We also discovered better solutions for
collecting more slurry from the machine
cleaning process at end-of-day shutdown.
Now that we are more conscientious
about what enters the waste stream, the re-
cycling process has resulted in consider-
ably less waste, lower cost and no notice-
able difference in performance with regard
to stock removal, surface roughness or
polishing times. With the reduced waste
came a reduction in charges for added
municipal water treatment of our waste
stream. Our goals now are to reduce dis-
charge to drain to as close to zero as pos-
sible while improving recycling efficiency
to greater than 80 percent.
So far, thanks to this recycling process,
we have seen a 10 percent cost savings
per month; recycled slurry currently
makes up 20 percent of the slurry used in
our polishing operations, and 50 percent
of our polishing operations now use recy-
cled slurry.
Since we started this process, back in
early 2011, we have been contacted by
about a half-dozen other companies in the
US and Europe that either wanted to recy-
cle our slurry for us or buy it outright.
Our initial results were published and
presented in March at the Center for Ad-
vanced Materials Processing (Clarkson
University)/Center for Advanced Ceramic
Technology (Alfred University) First Joint
Spring Symposium in Rochester, N.Y. l
Meet the authors
Michael Naselaris is general manager at Sydor
Optics; email: mike@sydor.com. Zachary
Hobbs is a process engineer at Sydor; email:
zach@sydor.com. For more information about
Flint Creek Resources, contact Mark Mayton at
mmayton@flintcr.com.
GreenLight
Artificial leaf could charge up developing world
T
he first practical artificial leaf com-
posed of silicon, nickel and cobalt
can convert sunlight into chemical
fuel, a milestone in the drive for sustain-
able energy that mimics the process of
photosynthesis.
Unlike earlier devices, which used
costly ingredients, the MIT-developed
artificial leaf is made from inexpensive
materials and uses low-cost engineering
and manufacturing processes.
A sunlight collector sandwiched be-
tween two films generates oxygen and
hydrogen gas. When dropped into a jar
of water in the sunlight, the device bub-
bles away, releasing hydrogen that can
be used in fuel cells to make electricity.
The self-contained units are an attrac-
tive solution for making fuel for electricity
in remote places and the developing
world, but current designs have relied on
rare-earth metals such as platinum, and
manufacturing processes are costly.
To make these devices more widely
available, Daniel G. Nocera of MIT re-
placed the hydrogen-producing platinum
catalyst with a less-expensive nickel-
molybdenum-zinc compound. A cobalt
film that generates oxygen gas was placed
on the other side of the leaf.
Considering that it is the 6 billion non-
legacy users [who] are driving the enor-
mous increase in energy demand by mid-
century, a research target of delivering
solar energy to the poor with discoveries
such as the artificial leaf provides global
society its most direct path to a sustainable
energy future, Nocera said.
The research, which received support
from the National Science Foundation and
the Chesonis Family Foundation, appears
in the American Chemical Society journal
Accounts of Chemical Research (doi: 10.
1021/ar2003013). l
39
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GreenLight
New dyes seek to replace silicon for solar
S
ilicon solar cells could be replaced
by flexible, lightweight and inexpen-
sive dyes, if scientists in Finland
achieve their goal.
Jongyun Moon and colleagues at the
University of Turku have developed
dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) that they
believe could become a practical replace-
ment for silicon-based cells because they
are cheaper and easier to manufacture.
This would provide effective solar-energy-
harvesting technologies to developing
countries that cannot rely on government
subsidies for funding.
When sunlight shines on a layer of
white pigment titanium oxide on a DSC,
the solar energy displaces electrons from
a layer beneath the coating, causing a flow
of charge within the DSC and creating an
electric current.
DSCs are less fragile than silicon solar
cells and do not have to be manufactured
in a cleanroom; however, they also are not
as efficient, so much development work
remains to be done before they dethrone
silicon.
The research was published in the
International Journal of Technology,
Policy and Management (doi: 10.1504/
IJTPM. 2012.046925). l
MIT researchers have created the first practical arti-
ficial leaf. Courtesy of American Chemical Society.
812_Coherent_Vitara_Pg40_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:23 PM Page 40
Mergers &
Acquisitions
the list issue
Where
the
Jobs
Are
Recruitment
Strategies
HOT
Photonics
SPOTS
Essential
Reading
FUTURE
Game-
Changers
In Your Own Words
Reader Poll Results
Position
Yourself for
SUCCESS
x
Page 49
Page 53
Page 42
Page 52
Page 46 Page 48
Page 46
August 2012
School
and Major
Page 44
812_List INTRO_Layout 1 7/19/12 5:27 PM Page 41
T
he first South African to earn a doc-
torate in biophotonics was recognized
by her nations leader, an honor that
took her by surprise. A physics professor
from the University of Sydney in Australia
works with light to speed up the Internet.
Two US high school students used photon-
ics to demonstrate their understanding of
biotechnology.
These and more comprise our second
annual Ones to Watch list, a roundup
of young researchers, education up-and-
comers, and respected movers and shakers
in the world of photonics. Although it
would be impossible to capture in this list
every winner of every relevant award,
we believe these individuals embody the
future of photonics.
Biophotonics Research
Dr. Patience Mthunzi
As the lone biophotonics researcher in
South Africa, Mthunzi has been awarded
the Order of Mapungubwe for her
achievement in the field as well as her
contribution to scientific research in South
Africa and internationally. She will push
herself even further, she says, just for the
love of science. She holds a masters
degree in biochemistry from the Univer-
sity of Johannesburg and a doctoral degree
in physics, in the area of biophotonics and
optical tweezers, from the University of
St. Andrews in Scotland.
Mthunzi, a senior scientist researcher
at the Council for Scientific and Industrial
Researchs National Laser Centre in Preto-
ria, set up a fully functional cell-culture fa-
cility there before pursuing her doctorate.
She is now in charge of single-cell and/
or molecule biophotonics projects at the
center. Her work includes conducting ex-
periments in optical cell sorting in fluid-
flow and fluid-flow-free microsample
chambers via the use of novel optical land-
scapes. Her expertise encompasses photo-
transfection studies using femtosecond
laser pulses for gene delivery into mam-
malian cells and pluripotent stem cells.
Congressional Fellow
Dr. Chris B. Schaffer
The Optical Society (OSA) and SPIE
together have selected Schaffer as the
Arthur H. Guenther Congressional Fellow
for 2012-13. In this role, Schaffer, an
associate professor in the biomedical
engineering department at Cornell Univer-
sity in Ithaca, N.Y., will learn about the
process of policymaking while providing
the perspective of a professional scientist
and educator to congressional leaders.
Schaffers current laboratory work in-
volves the investigation of cellular dynam-
ics in neurological disease through optics-
based studies in animal models. He also
works to develop optical methods for
quantitative imaging and targeted manipu-
lation of cells and other biological struc-
tures applied in live animal studies.
He is particularly interested in helping
reform science education at grade-school-
through-college levels, both to increase
the numbers of women and underrepre-
sented minorities in the field and to help
students better understand science as a
creative process for discovery.
High-Speed Internet
Dr. Benjamin J. Eggleton
A professor of physics at the University
of Sydney, Eggleton won the Australian
Museums 2011 Eureka Prize for Leader-
ship in Science. The optical physicist is
the founding director of the Australian Re-
search Councils Centre of Excellence for
Ultrahigh-Bandwidth Devices for Optical
Systems (CUDOS). He and the CUDOS
team created the countrys first photonic
chip, which, by slowing the speed of light,
can operate 1000 times faster than the tra-
ditional electronic technology. It has bro-
ken the world record for optical switching,
Ones to Watch
Dr. Patience Mthunzi, a biophotonics researcher, was honored at South Africas National Orders ceremony.
Courtesy of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.
Dr. Chris B. Schaffer is an Arthur H. Guenther
Congressional Fellow for 2012-2013.
812_ListFeature_Layout 1 7/20/12 10:53 AM Page 42
Dr. Benjamin J. Eggleton is the founding director of
the Australian Research Councils Centre of Excel-
lence for Ultrahigh-Bandwidth Devices for Optical
Systems (CUDOS). Courtesy of CUDOS.
according to the museum. The terabyte-
per-second processing technology could
have a transformative effect in many
areas, including medicine, defense, educa-
tion and international business. It already
has applications in energy-efficient com-
munications, quantum information pro-
cessing, environmental monitoring and
astronomy.
Professor Eggletons research has con-
sistently pushed the limits of optical tech-
nologies in his experimental and theoreti-
cal contributions, said Frank Howarth,
director of the Australian Museum. At
the same time, his strong leadership of the
CUDOS multidisciplinary research center
has seen it become a leading force on the
international scientific stage, and means
his impact on Australian science will be
felt for many years to come.
Women in Optics
Jennifer Kruschwitz
Kruschwitz has been named 2012 Tech-
nology Woman of the Year by Digital
Rochester, a group of professionals and
companies working to strengthen the
technology business community in the
Rochester, N.Y., area. The award is de-
signed to recognize and make visible the
achievements of women in high-technol-
ogy fields.
Kruschwitz, an independent consultant
in optical interference coatings, earned her
bachelors and masters degrees in optics
at the University of Rochester and is
studying for her doctoral degree in color
science at Rochester Institute of Technol-
ogy. Currently an adjunct professor to the
University of Rochester and the University
of Arizona, she is a senior member of
OSA and the International Society of Opti-
cal Engineers. Among her accomplish-
ments, she has published several journal
articles and holds two patents and two
patents pending in the areas of laser cin-
ema display and color. As chairwoman of
the Women of the OSA, she profiled sev-
eral up-and-coming female graduate stu-
dents for the groups newsletter.
Versatile Laser
Dr. Roberto Morandotti
A flexible, ultrasmall, ultrafast laser
featured prominently in the April issue of
Nature Communications represents the
work of Morandotti and his international
team at INRS Universitys Energy, Materi-
als and Telecommunications Research
Centre in Varennes, Quebec.
We advanced a new approach to de-
velop a laser that boasts as yet unparal-
leled stability and precision, allowing us
to conduct new experiments and open up
new realms of research, Morandotti said,
adding that applications may include biol-
ogy, medicine, materials processing, infor-
mation technology, high-speed communi-
cations and metrology. The researchers
approach included integrating a resonator
and a microring in the laser component,
facilitating control of the light source.
Morandotti, who received the 2011
E.W.R. Steaci Memorial Fellowship a
prestigious award for young scientists in
Canada is a fellow of OSA and SPIE.
An author of numerous scientific papers,
his research interests include linear and
nonlinear properties of various structures
for integrated optics.
Young University Teacher
Dr. Christian Koos
A photonics professor at Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Koos has
received the 2012 Alfried Krupp Prize for
Young University Teachers.
Koos work focuses on hybrid integra-
tion methods to combine silicon wave-
guides with organic materials to reduce
the Internets energy consumption.
Jennifer Kruschwitz was honored as 2012 Technol-
ogy Woman of the Year by Digital Rochester.
Dr. Roberto Morandotti and his team developed a flexible, ultrasmall, ultrafast laser that is expected
to have applications in a variety of fields. Courtesy of Christian Fleury.
Ones to Watch
Before accepting the professorship for
photonic communication technology at
KIT, he headed the nanotechnology and
metrology divisions within the Corporate
Research and Technology Department of
Carl Zeiss AG. He has more than 100
cited publications and has applied for
more than 15 patents. In June 2011, he
was granted a 1.5 million (about $1.8
million) European Research Council
starting grant from the European Union.
Atom-Light Interactions
Dr. Jean Dalibard
OSA has honored Dalibard with the 2012
Max Born Award for his contributions to
the field of physical optics, particularly for
his theoretical work in atom-light interac-
tions, including the investigation of new
laser cooling systems, and for experimen-
tal work on the optical manipulation of
cold atoms and quantum gases. Dalibard is
director of research at CNRS (National
Center for Scientific Research) and works
in the Kastler Brossel Laboratory at the
cole Normale Suprieure in Paris. He is
also a professor at cole Polytechnique.
The award is in honor of Max Born, an
early and distinguished physicist who con-
tributed significantly to the field of optics.
This year, Dalibard also received the
American Physical Societys Davisson-
Dr. Christian Koos of Karlsruhe Institute of Technol-
ogy received the 2012 Alfried Krupp Prize for
Young University Teachers.
Germer Prize in Atomic or Surface
Physics. In 2009, the European Academy
of Sciences awarded him the Blaise Pascal
Medal in Physics for his outstanding and
influential work in atomic physics and
quantum optics.
Research Excellence
Matthew N. Barnum
Anthony J. Visconti
The OSA Foundation has recognized Bar-
num, a 2012 graduate of the University of
Arizona in Tucson, and Visconti, a gradu-
ate student at the University of Rochester,
as recipients of the 2012 Robert S. Hilbert
Memorial Travel Grant. The grant was
established by Optical Research Associ-
ates (ORA), now the Optical Solutions
Group at Synopsys Inc., as a memorial
to Hilbert, ORAs former president and
CEO. The grant recognizes the research
excellence of graduate students in optical
engineering, lens design and/or illumina-
tion design.
Barnum and Visconti presented papers
during topical meetings at OSAs Imaging
U
niversity programs with photonics in their names are a
rather new development a reflection of the growing impor-
tance of photonics not only to science but to the world so
we decided to poll our readers and find out what subjects they stud-
ied at university that led them into the field of photonics.
School: Autonomous University of Barcelona
Major: Computer Science (hopefully, MSc in photonics
in 2012)
Jordi Alonso @jordialonso (Twitter)
School: University of St. Andrews
Major: Physics BSc
School: University of St. Andrews and Heriot-Watt
University
Major: Photonics MSc
School: University College London and Cambridge
University
Major: MRes in Photonic Systems
School: UCL
Major: PhD
Lee Cairns @leecairnsy (Twitter)
School: University of Utah
Major: Physics (Experimental and
Theoretical) and Electrical Engineering
(mostly optical and microwave
engineering)
Patricia Comeford (Facebook)
School: Monroe Community College
Major: Electro-Optics
David DiPonzio @ddiponzio (Twitter)
School: Temple University
Major: Laser & Photon Engineering, and Mass Media
Matthew Falcon (Facebook)
School: Imperial College London
Major: Everything from rods and cones to Q-switched
lasers and lens design
Antony Hurden @GroundedInnov (Twitter)
School: Defence Institute of Advanced Technology in India
Major: Laser and Electro-Optics
Rudrakant M. Sollapur (Facebook)
School: NIT Warangal, India
Major: Photonics in college
Rajeev Ranjan @rajee_vran (Twitter)
Reader Poll: School & Major
45
www.veeco.com/spectorht
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SPECTOR
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Ones to Watch
For a list of photonics books you may
never get to read, see Peregrinations
on p. XX.
Dr. Jean Dalibard received the 2012 Max Born Award for his work in physical optics.
and Applied Optics Congress, held June
24-28 in Monterey, Calif. Barnum pre-
sented Experimental Comparison of
Computational Approaches to Focus In-
variant Optical Systems at the Computa-
tional Optical Sensing and Imaging Meet-
ing. Visconti presented Large Diameter
Radial Gradient-Index Lenses Fabricated
by Ion Exchange at the Imaging Systems
and Applications Meeting.
Optics Under 35
Dr. Hatice Altug
The Adolph Lomb Medal recognizes
an honorees noteworthy contributions to
optics before reaching the age of 35. OSA
has recognized Boston University assistant
professor Altug for her breakthrough con-
tributions on integrated optical nano bio -
sensor and nanospectroscopy technologies
based on nanoplasmonics, nanofluidics
and novel nanofabrication. Altug was also
on our Ones to Watch list in 2011 for
being named the IEEE Photonics Society
Young Investigator. Among her other re-
cent honors is a 2011 Presidential Early
Career Award for Scientists and Engineers.
Optogenetics
John Edward Solder
The National Institute on Drug Abuse
(NIDA) component of the National Insti-
tutes of Health has awarded first place in
its Addiction Science Award this year to
Solder, 18, a senior at Staples High School
in Westport, Conn. His project, Optoge-
netic Interrogation of Prefrontal Cortex
Dopamine D1 Receptor-Containing Neu-
rons as a Technique to Restore Timing:
A Novel Approach to Treat Prefrontal
Disorders, specifically controlled behav-
ioral timing in mice genetically modified
to activate dopamine neurons in the pre-
frontal cortex, a region involved in higher-
order functions such as impulsivity and
self-control, in response to a light stimulus.
Solders research provides another
example of the power of optogenetics to
modify neural activity in discrete brain
areas at will and brings us a step closer
to the development of novel therapies
for a wide range of psychiatric disorders,
according to the NIDA. He plans to attend
Yale University in the fall.
Young Minds in Biotech
Julia Abelsky, Sandy Springs, Ga.
Nathan Kondamuri, Dyer, Ind.
Two winners of the recent US National
BioGENEius Challenge were recognized
for projects that included photonics. The
US National and International BioGENE-
ius Challenges are competitions for high
school students who demonstrate an exem-
plary understanding of biotechnology
through science research projects.
Abelskys research project was titled
Analysis of Cylindrically Confined
Diblock Copolymers and Gold Nanocom-
posites for Metamaterials.
Kondamuri focused his research on
A Novel Porphyrin Based Solar Cell
Combining Coordinated Metal Ion Substi-
tution and Self-Assembly to Broaden the
Absorption Spectrum to Efficiently Create
Sustainable Electrical Energy.
The US winners advanced to the inter-
national competition. Kondamuri, a stu-
dent at Munster High School in Indiana,
won the International BioGENEius Chal-
lenge, held in June in Boston.
Caren B. Les
caren.les@photonics.com
Karen A. Newman
karen.newman@photonics.com
Mergers and Acquisitions
Bring New Opportunities
I
t has been another eventful year for the
photonics industry as companies con-
tinue to seek new opportunities, fresh
markets and complementary technologies
to add to their portfolios. The weakening
of overall consumer and industry markets
in Europe and Asia is pushing smaller
companies to consider buyouts, and larger
businesses to exploit cash-strapped but
technology-rich firms. Merger and acquisi-
tion activity likely will continue so long as
the Eurozone (slowly) processes its ongo-
ing financial crises, and as US and China
consumers wait and worry over Europes
condition.
As with last year, there were so many
relevant mergers and acquisitions this
year that we cant print all the details in
the annual List Issue; instead, we are
happy to present the full details at
www.photonics.com/a51437.
Please note that the activities listed here
are presented in the order in which we
first reported on them and may not reflect
the actual closing dates.
Lynn Savage
lynn.savage@photonics.com
JUNE 2011
GigOptix Inc. of Palo Alto, Calif., agreed
to acquire Endwave Corp. of San Jose.
Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solu-
tions Inc. of Plano, Texas, was acquired
Fundamentals of Photonics by Bahaa
E.A. Saleh and Marvin C. Teich
National Society of Black Physicists
@BlackPhysicists (Twitter)
Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan
(LinkedIn)
Light-Matter Interaction: Atoms and
Molecules in External Fields and
Nonlinear Optics by Wendell T. Hill III
and Chi H. Lee
Optical Waveguide Theory by Allan
W. Snyder and John D. Love
(LinkedIn)
Introduction to Fourier Optics
by Joseph W. Goodman
@Photonique (Twitter)
Brandon Rodenburg
@punk_physicist (Twitter)
Isaia Shelly Glaser (LinkedIn)
Nonlinear Optics by Robert W. Boyd
Aakash Patel (LinkedIn)
Optics by Eugene Hecht
Paul Akin (LinkedIn)
Erron Gleicher (LinkedIn)
Lasers by Anthony E. Siegman
Lee Cairns @leecairnsy
Reader Poll: Essential Reading
W
e reached out to Photonics Spectra readers on various social media platforms
to see what they consider the must-read books for people who work with
photonics and optics, and the resulting list should provide a good background
for those who want to enter the field or for those who want to brush up a little.
I teach several optics/photonics courses, said Isaia Shelly Glaser of Holon Institute
of Technology in Israel, and my choice would include in my list two books by Joe
Goodman, both highly recommended. Introduction to Fourier Optics: This is the best
introduction I can think of to diffraction theory. The first edition was excellent, but the
third is even better. Absolute must! Statistical Optics: Not an easy book, but possibly the
best introduction to phenomena such as speckle and coherence theory, which every serious
practitioner in the field must study and understand.
Of course, no library on optics will be complete without the bible of optics, [Max]
Born and [Emil] Wolfs Principles of Optics (now in its eighth edition). Anyone who
managed to read it all and digest it can be called a true expert in optics.
Advanced Laser Materials (ALM) LLC
of Temple, Texas, became majority share-
holder in Integra of Round Rock, Texas.
LMI Technologies of Delta, British
Columbia, was bought by Augusta
Technologie AG of Munich.
JDSU of Milpitas, Calif., acquired intel-
lectual property and other assets from
QuantaSol Ltd. of Kingston-Upon-
Thames, UK.
Newport Corp. acquired Jerusalem-based
Ophir Optronics Ltd. and High Q Tech-
nologies GmbH of Rankweil, Austria.
JML Optical Industries Inc. of
Rochester, N.Y., was acquired and recapi-
talized by BB&T Capital Partners, Bob
Bicksler and existing management.
Halma plc of Amersham, UK, acquired
Horsham, Pa.-based Avo Photonics Inc.
Flir Systems Inc. of Portland, Ore.,
acquired Ventura, Calif.-based Aerius
Photonics LLC.
GE Lighting of East Cleveland, Ohio,
acquired Lightech of Tel Aviv, Israel.
AUGUST 2011
DuPont of Wilmington, Del., acquired
Innovalight Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif.
NDC Infrared Engineering of Irwindale,
Calif., acquired the IRM Group of Alleur,
Belgium.
Cree Inc. of Durham, N.C., purchased
Ruud Lighting Inc. of Racine, Wis.
SEPTEMBER 2011
In Massachusetts, Waltham-based
PerkinElmer Inc. announced it would
by austriamicrosystems AG of Unter-
premstaetten, Austria, and renamed AMS-
TAOS USA Inc.
Radiant Imaging Inc. and Zemax Devel-
opment Corp. merged and combined their
operations in Redmond, Wash.
OmniVision Technologies Inc. of Santa
Clara, Calif., purchased the wafer-level
lens production operations of VisEra
Technologies Co. Ltd. of Hsinchu City,
Taiwan, its joint venture with Taiwan
Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
JULY 2011
GE Healthcare, a unit of General Electric
Co. based in Chalfont St. Giles, UK,
acquired Applied Precision Inc. of
Issaquah, Wash.
II-VI Inc. of Saxonburg, Pa., acquired
Aegis Lightwave Inc. of Woburn, Mass.
The Infrared and Electro-Optical
Systems Handbook, edited by David
L. Shumaker and Joseph S. Accetta
Russell Lombardo (LinkedIn)
Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic
Theory of Propagation, Interference
and Diffraction of Light by Max Born,
Emil Wolf, A.B. Bhatia and P.C.
Clemmow
Molecular Quantum Electrodynamics
by D.P. Craig and T. Thirunamachan-
dran
Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow
of Light by John D. Joannopoulos,
Steven G. Johnson, Joshua N. Winn
and Robert D. Meade
(LinkedIn)
Understanding Lasers by Jeff Hecht
Introduction to Modern Optics by
Grant R. Fowles
Jonathan Friedman (LinkedIn)
Math Methods for Optical Physics
and Engineering by Gregory J. Gbur
(submitted, tongue-in-cheek,
by the author, @drskyskull)
Optical Physics by Ariel Lipson,
Stephen G. Lipson and Henry Lipson
Photonics: Optical Electronics in
Modern Communications by Ammon
Yariv
Lee Cairns @leecairnsy
(LinkedIn)
Aberrations of Optical Systems
by W.T. Welford
Bruce OConnor (LinkedIn)
RCA Electro-Optics Handbook
from RCA Corp.
Russell Lombardo (LinkedIn)
Understanding Fiber Optics
by Jeff Hecht
Statistical Optics by Joseph W.
Goodman
[Optics by Eugene Hecht] is a wonderful undergraduate text that
will contain all the pertinent info from all the texts listed above.
Books on nonlinear optics, waveguides, solid-state detectors or
crystals are going to be advanced with narrow focus on those
topics. I have not personally seen a solid-state textbook that
contained any information on optics whatsoever.
Erron Gleicher (LinkedIn)
For a list of photonics books you
may never get to read, see
Peregrinations on p. 82.
acquire Caliper Life Sciences Inc. of
Hopkinton.
Bruker Corp. of Billerica, Mass.,
acquired Center for Tribology Inc. of
Campbell, Calif.
Navitar Life Sciences Inc. of Rochester,
N.Y., agreed to acquire Modulation
Optics of Glen Cove, N.Y.
In Waltham, Mass., Thermo Fisher
Scientific Inc. announced the acquisition
of Intrinsic Bioprobes Inc. of Tempe,
Ariz.
United Technologies Corp. of Hartford,
Conn., purchased Goodrich Corp. of
Charlotte, N.C.
PI (Physik Instrumente) of Karlsruhe,
Germany, acquired a majority share in
miCos GmbH of Eschbach.
San Jose-based NeoPhotonics Corp.
acquired Santur Corp. of Fremont, Calif.
OCTOBER 2011
Eurazeo Croissance acquired 3S Photon-
ics of Nozay, France, later renaming it
3SP Group.
Materion Corp. of Mayfield Heights,
Ohio, announced the acquisition of
Shanghai-based EIS Optics Ltd.
NOVEMBER 2011
Optim LLC of Sturbridge, Mass.,
acquired Precision Endoscopic Technolo-
gies, formerly MAX Endoscopy of
Mentor, Ohio.
Oxford Instruments plc of Abingdon,
UK, acquired Platinum Medical Imaging
LLC of Deerfield Beach, Fla., and Vaca-
ville, Calif.
In Hillsboro, Ore., FEI Inc. bought Till
Photonics GmbH of Munich from a
German consortium led by Toptica
Photonics AG.
DECEMBER 2011
New York-based L-3 Communications
announced the acquisition of the
Northampton, Mass.-based Kollmorgen
Electro-Optical unit of Danaher Corp.,
which it renamed L-3 KEO.
Affymetrix Inc. of Santa Clara, Calif.,
signed an agreement to acquire eBio-
science Inc. of San Diego.
Datalogic SpA of Bologna, Italy,
acquired Minneapolis-based PPT
Vision Inc.
JANUARY 2012
Leica Microsystems of Wetzlar, Germany,
purchased the microscopy and histopath -
ology business of Labindia Instruments
Pvt. Ltd. of Delhi, India.
Lumen Dynamics Group Inc. of Missis-
sauga, Ontario, has sold its Burleigh line
to Thorlabs Inc. of Newton, N.J.
JDSU acquired Dyaptive Systems of
Vancouver, British Columbia.
Incom Inc. of Charlton, Mass., announced
the acquisition of Vancouver, Wash.-based
Paradigm Optics.
AMS Technologies AG, Munich acquired
Sweden-based Azpect Photonics AB.
FEI Co. announced the acquisition of
Aspex Corp. of Delmont, Pa.
FEBRUARY 2012
3S Photonics Group announced the
acquisition of Manlight SAS of Lannion,
France, with the help of new majority
owner Eurazeo Croissance of Paris.
Ametek Inc. of Berwyn, Pa., acquired
Technical Manufacturing Corp. of
Peabody, Mass.
Radiant Zemax LLC of Redmond,
Wash., acquired its UK-based distributor,
Optima Research Ltd.
MARCH 2012
Excelitas Technologies of Waltham,
Mass., acquired Carsan Engineering of
Golden, Colo.
Reader Poll: Recruitment Strategies
Job fairs and other technical events can be good venues at which to recruit future photonics specialists.
Photo taken at SPIE Defense, Security & Sensing 2010 by Managing Editor Laura S. Marshall.
B
ecause the field is so vast, it can be difficult to explain to outsiders just what photon-
ics is and why its so important. So we polled readers to find out what they would
say to convince a friend, family member or stranger to study optics or photonics.
Big lasers.
Jason McDonald @Physicsman (Twitter)
In optics and photonics, the opportunities
to serve humanity are unlimited.
In Spain, with deep crisis, photonics in-
dustries are growing with double digits.
Ive been back to school 20 years later for
an MSc.
Jordi Alonso @jordialonso (Twitter)
Its going to rule the technology in the
world.
Rajeev Ranjan @rajee_vran (Twitter)
I [have worked] for more than 20 years for
a photonics company, and every day youll
receive something new, especially in the
current transition state from traditional to
LED business.
Roland Httinger (Facebook)
Well, someone told me I didnt know
enough about optics for a project that
convinced me to study it!
http://ow.ly/bqQL1
Optical Research Associates
@OpticalResearch (Twitter)
In what other profession would putting
lasers on sharks be considered work?!
Lee Cairns @leecairnsy (Twitter)
Photonics Hot Spots
Optics Valley France
Headquarters: Palaiseau
Serves: France
Founded: 1999
Members include: Renaud Lasers,
Acces Vision, Thales Optronique.
www.opticsvalley.org
KAPID Korea Association for
Photonics Industry Development
Headquarters: Gwangju
Serves: South Korea
Founded: 2000
Members include: 3i, Coset Inc.,
Symphony Energy Co.
www.kapid.org
Arizona Optics Industry
Association
Headquarters: Tucson
Serves: Arizonas Optics Valley
Founded: 1992
Members include: Lowell Observa-
tory, Zygo Corp., Kyocera Solar, NP
Photonics Inc.
www.aoia.org
POPsud OPTITEC
Headquarters: Marseille
Serves: Southern France
Founded: 2000
Members include: Cilas, Horiba,
Centre de Physique Thorique de
lEcole Polytechnique
www.popsud.org
Optoelectronics Industry and
Technology Development
Association (OITDA)
Headquarters: Tokyo
Serves: Japan
Founded: 1980
Members include: Sumitomo Electric
Industries Ltd., Toshiba Corp., NEC
Corp., Mitsubishi Electric Corp.
www.oitda.or.jp
Ontario Photonics Industry
Network (inactive)
Headquarters: Ottawa
Served: Ontario province in Canada
Members included: University of
Ottawa Centre for Research in
The Largest Photonics
Regions in the World
F
ans of the science and industry of photonics are joiners, not loners. Usually because
of the influence of one or two giants of industry or renowned academic institutions,
clusters of like-minded enterprises sprout like mushrooms over particular geographi-
cal regions. Here we present the largest, best-represented areas of photonics expertise
judged mainly by the sheer number of contributing companies and institutions within
a definable region.
Masimo Corp. of Irvine, Calif., acquired
all the assets of Spire Semiconductor
LLC of Hudson, N.H., and will operate it
as Masimo Semiconductor Inc.
In California, Oclaro Inc. of San Jose
purchased Opnext Inc. of Fremont.
APRIL 2012
Bruker Corp. acquired Belgium-based
SkyScan NV and renamed it Bruker
microCT NV.
Idex Corp. of Lake Forest, Ill., acquired
Precision Photonics Corp. of Boulder,
Colo.
Newport Corp. purchased ILX Light-
wave Corp. of Bozeman, Mont.
JAI Inc. acquired TVI Vision Oy of
Helsinki.
MAY 2012
Digital Optics Corp. of San Jose, Calif.,
agreed to acquire the camera module
manufacturing brand and assets of Flex-
tronics International Ltd. of Singapore.
Thorlabs Inc. acquired Idesta Quantum
Electronics Octavius line of ultrafast
lasers and pulse-characterization products.
PI (Physik Instrumente) LP furthered its
takeover of miCos GmbH by assuming
the latters US sales, distribution and
servicing operations and renaming the
segment Micronix USA.
Synopsys Inc. of Mountain View, Calif.,
completed the acquisition of RSoft Design
Group Inc. of Ossining, N.Y.
Photonics Institutions
E
very corner of the world, it seems, is
involved with photonics-related re-
search. Organizing all of the expertise
is a daunting task, and no single academic
or commercial entity even tries to be the
bearer of all knowledge in the field.
Still, some institutions stand out for the
breadth and depth of their offerings: dis-
seminating hundreds of research papers,
holding multiple patents and spinning off
a multitude of new companies with signif-
icant new photonics technologies and
techniques to share. This list presents
some of the best examples of photonics
institutions in the world, all of which have
exhibited a steady stream of activity over
the past decade.
Max-Born-Institut fr Nichtlineare
Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie
(MBI)/Institute for Nonlinear Optics
and Short-Time Spectroscopy
Berlin
www.mbi-berlin.de
Areas of expertise include: nonlinear
optics; spectroscopy; ultrafast processes
National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) Quantum
Electronics and Photonics Division
Boulder, Colorado
www.nist.gov
Areas of expertise include: advanced
materials; optical properties of materials;
semiconductors; sensors
University of Rochester
Institute of Optics
Rochester, New York
www.optics.rochester.edu
Areas of expertise include: biomedical
optics; fibers and optical communication;
image science and systems
CREOL | The College of Optics
& Photonics at the University
of Central Florida
Orlando, Florida
www.creol.ucf.edu
Areas of expertise include: lasers; fiber
optics; semiconductor and integrated
photonics; nonlinear and quantum optics;
imaging; sensing; display
Fraunhofer-Institut fr Lasertechnik
ILT/Fraunhofer Institute for Laser
Technology
Aachen, Germany
www.ilt.fraunhofer.de
Areas of expertise include: laser optics;
materials processing; medical technology/
biophotonics; metrology; extreme-
ultraviolet technology
Institut des Nanotechnologies
de Lyon (INL)/Lyon Institute
of Nanotechnology
Lyon, France
inl.cnrs.fr
Areas of expertise include: nanotechnol-
ogy, including photonics and photovoltaics
Centro de Investigaciones en
ptica/Center for Optics Research
Len, Mexico
www.cio.mx
Areas of expertise include: metrology;
optical design; IR sensors; colorimetry
Institut de Cincies Fotniques
(ICFO)/Institute of Photonic Sciences
Castelldefels, Spain
www.icfo.es
Areas of expertise include: biophotonics;
quantum optics; nonlinear optics; nano-
optics
University of Arizona
College of Optical Sciences
Tucson, Arizona
www.optics.arizona.edu
Areas of expertise include: fiber optics;
remote sensing; optoelectronics; quantum
optics; optical design; optical engineering
and testing
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna
Instytut Optoelektroniki/Military
University of Technology Institute
of Optoelectronics
Warsaw, Poland
www.ioe.wat.edu.pl
Areas of expertise include: laser physics;
spectroscopy; laser-matter interactions
Lynn Savage
Photonics Institutions Flourish Around the World
Photonics, Optiwave Systems Inc.,
Group IV Semiconductor.
NB: Although the OPIN suspended
operations recently, its 110+
member companies and institutions
remain vital to the region.
Optical Valley of China
Headquarters: Wuhan
Serves: China
Founded: 2000
Members include: Yangtze Optical
Fibre and Cable Co. Ltd., Huagong
Laser Engineering Co. Ltd.,
HuaZhong University of Science and
Technology.
www.ovcexpo.com.cn
South of England Photonics
Network (SEPNET)
Headquarters: Southampton,
England
Serves: Southern UK
Founded: 1999; shuttered in 2001;
restarted in 2007
Members include: Fianium Ltd.,
Bentham Instruments Ltd.
www.sepnet.net
New York Photonics Industry
Association
Headquarters: Rochester
Serves: New York includes
Rochester Regional Photonics Group
Members include: Bristol Instruments
Inc., Cornell University Center for
Materials Research, G-S Plastic
Optics, Universal Photonics Inc.
www.newyorkphotonics.org
OpTec-Berlin-Brandenburg
Headquarters: Berlin
Serves: Berlin-Brandenburg region
of Germany
Founded: 2000
Members include: Bruker Nano
GmbH, Holoeye Photonics AG,
Optronik Berlin GmbH, TEC
Microsystems AG.
www.optecbb.de
Honorable mentions:
Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore; Thuringia,
Germany; Scotland; Switzerland;
the Aquitaine region of France; and
the Bavaria region in Germany.
Lynn Savage
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812_PCO-tech_Pg51_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:24 PM Page 51
Where the Jobs Are
BY HOWARD RUDZINSKY
LOUIS RUDZINSKY ASSOCIATES
I
n the recent recessions early days, pho-
tonics was affected in all segments: sci-
entific, industrial, medical, defense, tele-
com, OEM. And the problem compounded
itself when an employee of a commercial
photonics company was laid off. That em-
ployee and family because of a lack of
income and the high costs of Cobra health
insurance often had to postpone elective
procedures including lasik and cosmetic
laser surgery, or minimally invasive proce-
dures using some form of an optical scope
(endoscope, arthroscope). This also af-
fected the companies that manufactured
those lasers and instruments as well as
their engineers and suppliers.
The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan likely
softened the impact, as it seemed that
commercial nondefense companies in
photonics and optics were hit harder.
Some photonics people employed by non-
defense companies migrated to the defense
sector. As the wars continue to wind down
and defense spending is being frozen in
many areas, defense contractors have been
laying off more people than nondefense
companies.
As the economy has grown over the
past three years, so has demand for com-
mercial products, which means that the
demand for employees is rising, too
commercial companies are hiring. So the
migration now will go in the other direc-
tion, back toward commercial nondefense
organizations. This is particularly true in
optics and photonics. With orders for opti-
cal components and lasers from major
aerospace companies diminishing or
contracts canceled companies that rely
heavily on those markets will suffer.
One of my good clients, a precision op-
tics and coatings manufacturer, was almost
at $50 million in sales two years ago. This
year, it could be a $25 million to $30 mil-
lion company. Who among us doesnt
have friends applying their photonics
expertise to the defense community? The
answer is none. We all do.
But major aerospace companies have
had significant reductions over the past
12 to 18 months, with some acceleration
in the past six. The US Department of
Defense has committed to $350 billion
in cuts over the next 10 years, and this
number could and probably will grow.
My view is that, with a few exceptions,
defense will not be a growth area in optics
and photonics until at least after the next
presidential election.
However, even within defense there
are a few bright spots, and these have
photonics connections. For example, un-
manned vehicles, including airborne and
underwater, are used for sensing and
sometimes weapons delivery. They are
equipped with photonics-based imaging,
laser, fiber optic sensing, control, guid-
ance, targeting and reconnaissance sys-
tems. Military technology trends are
moving toward less expensive unmanned
platforms, and companies doing this work
have jobs. Homeland security continues to
be a strong area, and these same kinds of
sensor systems for border control or
materials detection and analysis will
continue to be in demand. The US might
not be as active in waging a war, but we
In todays recovering economic climate, the outlook for jobs in photonics,
optics and related disciplines is generally more favorable than it has been and is showing signs
of continuing improvement, according to one longtime recruiter for the industry.
Figure 1. Private payroll employment has grown for 27 months. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
HOTTEST
EMPLOYMENT
SECTORS
In Photonics
Manufacturing
Energy
Medicine
Entertainment
4
4
4
4
812Jobs_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:11 PM Page 52
will be ever vigilant looking for threats
domestically and worldwide.
So this is recovery
As with many industries or disciplines,
photonics and optics dont feel completely
recovered, do they? Ten-plus years after
the dramatic expansion in photonics,
fueled by the telecom bubble, those of us
who enjoyed those heady times wonder
when the recovery will really kick in.
The answer is that it probably will
never feel like the previous photonics ex-
pansion. When will unemployment drop
below 8, then 7 and 6 percent as the econ-
omy picks up steam and moves toward
full employment again? For many, not
soon enough. However, if you have been
personally affected by this recession, as
many of us have and continue to be, know
that the economy is growing again.
The United States went through its
longest and, by most measures, worst eco-
nomic recession since the Great Depres-
sion between December 2007 and June
2009, according to the Center on Budget
and Policy Priorities (see Figure 1). By
most accounts, the recovery began in
June 2009. Since that time the economy
has grown private payroll employment for
27 straight months.
This is good news for everyone, includ-
ing those of us who work in photonics-
related areas. Not so fast, however the
economy must add 100,000 to 150,000
jobs per month just to keep up with the
Position Yourself for Success
W
hether you are a new gradu-
ate or an experienced pro-
fessional displaced for reasons
beyond your control, if you are out of
the workforce, there are things you
can do, strategies you can employ, to
enter or re-enter the labor pool. How
do you position yourself? How do you
think of yourself? What are your core,
secondary or peripheral skills? What ac-
complishments make you proudest?
Hold those thoughts for a minute.
If you feel that your skills havent kept
pace, take a course to improve them.
In any downturn, those who last longer
before a layoff and find a chair when
the music stops are often able to wear
more hats because they are more mul-
tidisciplined with a wide array of tools
to draw on. If you are an optical engi-
neer who understands mechanics,
take an optomechanical engineering
course, or learn Solidworks or an-
other CAD program. In the past year,
I have seen more openings for opto-
mechanical engineers than I can re-
member. These skills were and are in
short supply.
Being a company resource in the lean
manufacturing area helps you survive
and prosper. Take a Six Sigma course
and start the process to being a certi-
fied Green or Black Belt. Take an elec-
tronics course or pick up a software lan-
guage such as C or C++, .Net, C sharp,
Labview or Matlab for test or instrument
interfacing. Increasingly, optical in-
struments are software-driven, so soft-
ware skills help. Think about it this
way: During down times, companies
often cut deeply, creating a brain
drain, and they run shorthanded until
they are confident that business will pick
up. If you survive reductions because
of your versatility, you are better posi-
tioned for future career growth.
First and foremost, your rsum is a
tool, a promotional piece, a sales
brochure. It doesnt work for all posi-
tions and is best thought of as a tool
in the tool chest or an arrow in your
quiver. It is a living, breathing, dy-
namic not static document. I have
helped hundreds of professionals im-
prove this most important door-open-
ing document. Engineers and scien-
tists often dont like to talk about
themselves in a boastful, self-promot-
ing way. But although being modest is
fine for your face-to-face interview, it
will not work for your rsum.
For many, the traditional reverse-
chronological rsum doesnt work as
well as it once did. If a prospective
employer has a preconceived notion
of people who work at company X,
you can get labeled by the companies
where you work (or worked), even if you
dont fit that profile. In the candidate-
empowered dynamic, we want to drive
the prospective employers perception
of you, not let the employer take the
wheel. A functional rsum that high-
lights your basket of skills and your
significant accomplishments often is
more appropriate than a recitation of
your experience in a time line.
How do you go about finding that
job that has eluded you to date? You
have a profile on LinkedIn and youve
posted your rsum on Monster or
Careerbuilder or a photonics-related
job board and not enough seems to
be happening. Maybe the only people
calling you are recruiters like me.
Continued on page 56
Figure 2. The unemployment rate is dropping again in all sectors. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, and National Bureau of Economic Research.
growth in population. So when you see
the monthly jobs report, greater than
150,000 jobs is OK, but, really, more than
200,000 jobs should be added in a month
to help cut into the jobs we lost. The
economy lost between 6 and 8 million
jobs (or more) in the recession, and recent
accounts say that more than 4 million jobs
have been created during the recovery.
So, accounting for both population growth
and replacing lost jobs, we might need 4
million to 6 million new jobs.
And that is going to take some time.
The economy would have to create an
average of 207,000 jobs each month for
the next two years just to return to the De-
cember 2007 level of employment and
even more to restore full employment,
since the population and potential labor
force are now larger, according to the
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
(see Figure 2).
For those of us working in optics and
photonics, this is our fifth recession since
1980. And this recession has felt the worst
to many of us.
That is our landscape, but it isnt the
whole picture by any means. Take a look
at Figures 3 and 4, courtesy of Fergus
Calderwood at Indeed.com. What is im-
Jobs Outlook
Figure 3. Optics-related jobs appear to be trending toward overall growth. Courtesy of Indeed.com.
Laser-related jobs are on a general upswing. Here,
Rina Mouen works in the collimator area at IPG
Photonics in Oxford, Mass. Photo by Photonics
Spectra Managing Editor Laura S. Marshall.
812_ResElectroOptics_Pg55_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:24 PM Page 55
portant to notice about these two charts,
which simply look at the number of jobs
captured by Indeed.com that have either
the word optics or laser in them, is
the trend line from post-2009 to the pres-
ent. The slope of the curve is positive for
a sustained period of more than two years.
This is encouraging to me and should
be encouraging to everyone working in
photonics.
Job growth has lagged somewhat be-
hind the recovery, but remember that em-
ployment is a lagging, not leading, indica-
tor. It is getting better. People are hiring.
Keep this in mind.
Where the jobs are
So where are the jobs, and where do we
go from here?
Well see continuing growth in commer-
cial photonics and optics companies as the
economy continues to recover, but lets
dig into this a little more deeply. As all
segments of the industry recover, some
areas merit further analysis, especially the
uses of optics and photonics as enabling
technologies in manufacturing.
One bright spot in the economy has
been in manufacturing, believe it or not.
The use of advanced manufacturing, in-
cluding lean techniques, has become a
growth area in all companies. Companies
that implement lean manufacturing prac-
tices strive to expend resources only in the
pursuit of adding value for customers,
working to remove waste in all processes.
Jobs Outlook
What can you do to empower yourself
online?
The first thing you should consider
doing is making your public profile
private. Why, you ask? Wont that limit
my exposure? The answer, in a word,
is no. Corporate and recruitment firms
such as mine use keyword searches to
find attributes in your rsum or on-
line profile that are of interest to them.
Less scrupulous recruiters wont bother
to tell you that they have pulled your r-
sum off the web and have sent it to
a company. Youll never know unless
their client is interested in you.
You, on the other hand, might already
have sent in your rsum to that com-
pany directly, and now it is in the same
place multiple times. This is not a
good reflection on you the candidate.
The employer asks, Doesnt this can-
didate know who has his/her rsum
and what they are doing with it?
If you make your profile anonymous
and your rsum blind, without your
name and contact information, some-
one actually has to contact you before
doing anything with your rsum.
If someone is unwilling to send you
an email prior to doing something
with your rsum, do you really
want to work with that person or his/her
firm?
Next, if you make it past the gate-
keeper and someone in a company
wants to talk to you about an oppor-
tunity and asks what else you have
going on, always reply that you have
options. Never act desperate, even
if you are. I dont care if you have
gone a year without an interview and
you are truly desperate you do have
options. You might have sent a r-
sum to a company (or a few) and
are waiting to hear back: That is an
option. You might be networking with
former colleagues at their new com-
panies: That is an option. Remember,
there is psychology at play in this process.
Often, as in life, employers dont want
someone whom no one else wants.
As far as networking goes, sure,
you should be on LinkedIn. You should
find one or two recruiters who under-
stand what you do, what your skills
are, have placed people with your back-
ground, and then work with them. I dont
want to work with candidates who
have sent their rsums to 10 other
recruiters; it never works out. If some-
one gives you his or her time on the
phone offers you advice that is some-
one with whom you want to stay in touch
and with whom you want to try to
work, either now or in the future. Find
someone who has a longer-term per-
spective on you and your career.
If you are a new graduate, many of
these techniques apply to you as well.
Those who are flexible about working
in manufacturing, test, quality, sales and
field service not just engineering
and R&D will find this flexibility re-
warded. Present your skills, not just a
list of your courses. Summer, co-op or
internship experiences that are relevant
should appear on your rsum.
Whether you are a new or experi-
enced prospective employee, remem-
ber to think of yourself as an applied
problem solver, and remember that
you are a potential guest (employee)
who might be invited to a party (hired
by a company): You bring a present,
a basket of goodies to the party (your
experience, skills, accomplishments);
you put that basket on the table and
take out a relevant goody (present
your background) for the party giver.
For different employers, you present dif-
ferent goodies.
Tailor your delivery to your audi-
ence. Have a positive mental attitude
and a firm handshake. Do your home-
work about the prospective employer,
and when the interview is over, look
the hiring manager in the eye and
ask, When can I start?
Continued from page 53
Figure 4. Jobs in laser-related areas also show overall growth trends. Courtesy of Indeed.com.
More and more companies engaged in
optics and photonics manufacturing are
applying lean processes to engineering
and to service-driven divisions. Compa-
nies engaged in developing automated
test, positioning and advanced manufactur-
ing for example, multiaxis laser-based
machining equipment are all part of the
growth in advanced lean manufacturing.
Can you build it, test it, make it faster?
Often, optical and photonics technologies
can enable these things to happen better,
quicker and more accurately. This is a
growth area.
Energy development, exploration and
production are major growth areas. Pho-
tonics plays a role in exploration and sens-
ing as well as in development and manu-
facturing. This is another growth area.
Baby boomers and everyone else will
need more and more medical care, and
specialized technologies that include ad-
vanced imaging such as optical coherence
tomography and minimally invasive surgi-
cal or diagnostic hardware/instrumentation
will be in greater demand. We are a vain
society, so cosmetic surgery applications,
including many laser-based treatments for
ophthalmology or dermatological care, are
on the rise and will continue to increase.
All of these need engineers to research,
develop, test, manufacture, service and
sell systems.
We also are an entertainment-driven
society; new display and imaging compo-
nents both hardware and software are
all increasingly in demand. Think of the
game systems that use optics to recognize
your movements, or displays with higher
resolution than high-definition coming
out on tablets, phones and laptops even
the backup camera on your car. Optical
and optoelectronic components and assem-
blies enable all of these. These are growth
areas too.
Photonic and/or optoelectronic devices,
including those with fiber optic compo-
nents, are increasing in all aspects of our
lives, from telecom to all the areas previ-
ously mentioned. Optoelectronics are vital
and enable some photovoltaics, and of
course alternative energy. Although solar
use has increased, the solar, wind, wave
revolution hasnt overtaken fossil fuels
yet, but they will find increasing applica-
tion. And there are jobs here as well.
Meet the author
Howard Rudzinsky is president of Louis
Rudzinsky Associates. He has provided contin-
gency and retained search, recruitment and
placement services to the photonics community
nationwide since 1984. His company also
provides talent acquisition and organizational
consulting, and career counseling, contract
recruitment and research services; email:
howardr@lra.com; web: www.lra.com.
Jobs Outlook
Jobs in optics are trending toward growth. Here,
Joseph Picardo works with a polishing machine
at Sydor Optics in Rochester, N.Y. Photo by Photon-
ics Spectra Managing Editor Laura S. Marshall.
True Invisibility Remains Elusive
BY GARY BOAS, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
I
nvisibility cloaks have long captured our
imaginations, whether actual cloaks
imbued with magical powers see the
Lord of the Rings and the Harry Potter se-
ries or the conceptually related cloak-
ing technology found everywhere in sci-
ence fiction and high-tech action movies.
The latter often come with a perfectly
plausible, if not yet perfectly realized, ex-
planation of how they might work. To wit:
Large arrays of tiny cameras on one side
of an object (or person, or Aston Martin
Vanquish with a British secret agent at the
wheel) project images of what is behind
the object onto large arrays of tiny dis-
plays on the other side. Thus, an observer
will effectively see through the thing in
question.
As is so often the case, though, fact is
stranger and far more interesting than
fiction. In recent years, researchers have
outlined and even demonstrated invisibil-
ity schemes using metamaterials: artificial
materials whose electromagnetic and
structural characteristics enable the engi-
neering of optical properties. Thus, they
have shown that they can cancel light di-
rected at an object or guide it around the
object, literally making it dis-appear to
an observer.
Now investigators are reporting other
approaches to invisibility. Using a common
material called calcite, for example, and
taking advantage of anisotropy and direc-
tional differences in optical properties, re-
searchers at MIT in Cambridge and the
Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and
Technology (SMART) Centre have shown
that, under certain conditions, they can ren-
der objects as tall as 2 mm invisible (see:
Putting More Than Glass in the Toolbox,
Photonics Spectra, January 2012, p. 78).
At about the same time, researchers
from the University of Birmingham, with
colleagues at Imperial College London
and Technical University of Denmark,
reported a calcite-based invisibility cloak
that could hide an object centimeters in
dimension.
Heres the thing, though. There is a dif-
ference between making a rolled-up sticky
note disappear as in the SMART Centre
study and, say, rendering a person
wholly invisible. To begin with, George
Barbastathis, Singapore research professor
of optics and MIT mechanical engineering
professor, said recently in an email, all of
the experimentally developed cloaks thus
far are two-dimensional. In demonstra-
tions of the cloak described here, the
sticky note is invisible when viewing
it head-on but not from the side.
Also, the scaling of the geometry indi-
cates that cloaking a larger object such as
a person would require a rather impracti-
cally large piece of calcite.
We still have some way to go before
these things become commonplace for
children to play hide-and-seek or the mili-
tary to hide tanks and airplanes, Barbas-
tathis said.
He believes that the value of cloaking is
that, in attempting to create cloaks, we
learn much about new and clever ways
to manipulate light. For example, Baile
Zhang, another researcher involved in the
study, has since moved to Nanyang Tech-
nological University in Singapore, where
he is pursuing a kind of waveguide-bend-
ing adapter, based on the same idea, that
has demonstrably lower scattering loss
than previous designs.
To a layperson, this sounds rather eso-
teric or dull, Barbastathis said, but it can
have tremendous potential impact in inte-
grated optical devices in practice.
This is a refrain one hears often in talk-
ing about cloaking technology. As much as
we and, it should be said, the military
would like to see true invisibility cloaks, it
is not clear whether such cloaks will ever
have practical use in any widespread ap-
plication. That said, the concepts are valu-
able in and of themselves and can be ap-
plied in a variety of other ways.
Last year, Paul Kinsler, Martin McCall
and Alberto Favaro of Imperial College
London, along with Allan Boardman of
But research moves toward
practical applications
of cloaking technology.
Researchers have demonstrated an approach to invisibility that uses calcite, a common material. As with
other invisibility cloaks, the approach is two-dimensional: Here, the rolled-up sticky note is visible from the
side but not head-on. Therefore, it still does not make a full Harry Potter-like cloak, said George Barbastathis,
one of the authors of the study. A host of other applications could benefit, however. Courtesy of Baile
Zhang and George Barbastathis.
812_Invisibility Feat_Layout 1 7/19/12 12:50 PM Page 58
the University of Salford, also in the UK,
reported a new idea based on invisibility:
the space-time event cloak, which adds
the dimension of time. While spatial
cloaks divert light around an object, thus
rendering the object invisible, the space-
time cloak would slow down and speed up
the illuminating photons to create a dark
interval where events can take place unde-
tected.
There are many scenarios in which such
a space-time cloak could be deployed
magic shows, bank heists but again, the
more likely applications do not involve
humans or large objects of any sort. One
possibility: signal processing. Here, the
cloak could be used to create a temporary
gap in a continuous data stream, and that
interval could be used to process higher
priority data while ensuring that no evi-
dence of the tampering remains.
And the idea of the space-time cloak is
a significant conceptual advance in itself.
So the most important application may
just be in new ways of thinking about
processes, leading to new ideas for de-
vices and applications, Kinsler said.
Will we ever see the sort of cloaking
device envisioned by the military and so
long embedded in the public imagination?
Perhaps, sadly, he added, the advent
of invisible hover tanks remains unlikely.
This is not to say that the military wont
benefit from invisibility cloaks or the
materials behind them. Sir John Pendry,
the Imperial College London physicist
who demonstrated the first practical invisi-
bility cloak in 2006, said that, although in-
visibility was the application he and col-
leagues chose to showcase their new twin
technologies metamaterials and transfor-
mation optics the technologies offer
broad applicability beyond such cloaks.
Military camouflage, in the form of
radar signature faking, is one of the likely
applications. Other possibilities include
satellite communications uses such as In-
tellectual Ventures metamaterials surface
antenna technology which can contribute
to communications-on-the-move applica-
tions in aeronautical, maritime and land
transport markets, for example as well
as terahertz sources and efficient lenses
for terahertz radar.
Oddly enough, I believe that the rela-
tively unsophisticated applications such as
the satcom receiver will be the first com-
mercially significant ones, Pendry said.
A hot topic, cool at the center
Researchers are beginning to look at
ways in which cloaking might be applied
elsewhere. For example, Sebastien Guen-
neau and colleagues at the University
of Aix-Marseille and Frances Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique
(CNRS) have described an approach to
thermal cloaking that offers a novel
means to control heat.
Just as other invisibility cloaks guide
L
ast year, investigators with Friedrich Schiller University in Jena, Germany, sug-
gested that arrays of invisibility cloaks could contribute to a range of applica-
tions: low-interference communication, noninvasive probing, and sensing and
communication networks, among others. Now, a group at Towson (Md.) University
and the University of Maryland in College Park have reported experimental realiza-
tion of such an array.
To achieve this, the researchers coated a commercially available microlens array
with a thin film of gold and positioned it above a flat, gold-coated sheet of glass.
Light directed from the side traveled around the lenses of the array, producing a
cloak in the center of each. The overall effect of this was to slow down the light.
Slowed light can be put to important use. In our opinion, the most interesting
practical application of the developed technique is in large arrays of bio/chemical
sensors, said Vera Smolyaninova, lead author of the study, which was published in
New Journal of Physics. She added that such arrays also might offer a more precise
means to test invisibility cloaks.
A schematic drawing of light propagation through a cloak array. Researchers say arrays of invisibility
cloaks could aid in low-interference communication, noninvasive probing, and sensing and commun-
ication networks. Courtesy of Vera Smolyaninova.
Invisibility cloaks and the trapped rainbow effect
At Imperial College London, researchers Martin
McCall (left), Paul Kinsler (center) and Alberto
Favaro have outlined an approach to a space-time
cloak in which entire events can be hidden from
view by slowing down and speeding up illuminating
photons. Courtesy of Paul Kinsler.
light around an object, the thermal cloak
guides heat around an object thus help-
ing to keep the object cool. It could find
application in electronics and someday
even in spacecraft and solar power tech-
nologies.
Although the fundamental concepts are
the same, application of those concepts
required some finessing in this study be-
cause it involved diffusion and not wave
propagation. The heat equation is much
different from the wave equation, Guen-
neau said. Mathematically, the former is
parabolic, the latter is elliptic, so the be-
hind-the-scenes math needed to be revis-
ited to get it right.
The researchers continue to develop the
thermal cloaking technique. They are col-
laborating with Natalie Rollands group
at the Institute of Microelectronics at the
University of Lille in France and with
Martin Wegeners group at Karlsruhe In-
stitute for Technology in Germany to man-
ufacture and characterize working cloaks
and hope to have some thermal metamate-
rials characterized by the end of the year.
gary.boas@photonics.com
Invisibility Cloaks
One possible application of invisibility cloak technology: cloaking and concentrating heat flux. This figure
shows that the object in the center of the cloak (letters OSA) stays cold, while the heat diffuses elsewhere.
The source of the heat is on the left-hand side and at a constant temperature of 100 C, and the material
inside the invisibility region remains cold. Courtesy of Sebastien Guenneau, Institut Fresnel, CNRS/AMU.
812_Incom_Pg61_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:25 PM Page 61
IR Imaging Optics
Meet Varied Needs
BY DR. AUSTIN RICHARDS,
FLIR COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS
I
n recent years, infrared imaging technol-
ogy has become widely visible in daily
American life. Almost every TV-watch-
ing adult in the US has seen thermal in-
frared images and video, either in reruns
of the action movie Predator or in footage
of the Iraq War from thermal imaging
pods mounted on military aircraft.
Ask an engineer in the photonics in-
dustry what an infrared camera is, and he
or she will always give you an answer
but the answers will vary quite a bit be-
cause infrared is a broad term that peo-
ple use loosely, especially in conjunction
with the word camera. For example, in
the security industry, an infrared camera
can be a near-infrared device (based on
a CCD or CMOS sensor) or a thermal
infrared instrument (usually based on a
microbolometer sensor). The goal may
be the same e.g., to observe a scene in
low-ambient-light conditions but the
technology and the resulting imagery are
very different.
For the purposes of infrared imaging
discussions, the infrared region of the
electromagnetic spectrum can be divided
into two main wavebands: near-infrared
and thermal infrared. The most significant
properties of these bands are as follows:
Near-infrared cameras primarily see re-
flected radiation. There must always be
some ambient light present to make a pic-
ture unless the scene or object is very hot,
such as a fire. The sensors and the optics
are very similar to those used for visible-
light imaging. NIR radiation can pass
through optical glass, enabling observation
through windows into houses and cars.
The human eye is insensitive to NIR
radiation, but you can sometimes see a
bright source at the shorter wavelengths,
which appear as deep shades of red. NIR
images generally look similar to mono-
chrome visible-light images, although
many black or dark-colored surfaces will
appear as much lighter shades of gray. The
wavelength range for NIR radiation is typ-
ically 0.75 m (where the human eye cuts
Infrared camera technology spans a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, with results
that vary with the waveband. Although there is some overlap of applications between the different
infrared subbands and associated sensor technologies, it is critical to understand the trade-offs
before making a selection for a given application.
Figure 1. The visible and infrared spectrum can be broken down into subbands. IR imaging technology covers
a range of the spectrum, and images vary with the waveband. Images courtesy of Flir Commercial Systems.
Figure 2. An NIR image of two people. Note that the pigments in the tops are transparent and that
the vegetation looks white because of the reflectivity of chlorophyll in the NIR band.
812_FLIR IR Imaging Feat_Layout 1 7/19/12 12:49 PM Page 62
off) to 3 m (where terrestrial scenes emit
substantial radiation and the thermal IR
band begins).
Thermal IR cameras primarily see emit-
ted radiation. They can image terrestrial
scenes in the total absence of ambient illu-
mination because every object emits ther-
mal IR radiation. Window glass blocks
thermal IR radiation, and the human eye
can image thermal IR radiation. Thermal
images look quite different from visible-
light or NIR images. Areas that are typi-
cally dark and shadowy in the visible band
are often quite bright in thermal IR im-
ages. For terrestrial imaging, the thermal
IR wavelength range is typically from 3
to 15 m (where Earths atmosphere be-
comes opaque).
These are the two superbands of IR
radiation, but we are not finished with our
categorization. The NIR and the thermal
IR bands can be further divided into sub-
bands. The NIR band often is broken
down into the NIR band and the short-
wavelength-infrared (SWIR) band. If the
naming conventions seem confusing and
inconsistent, thats because they are! The
NIR band is considered to be 0.75 to
1.1 m (1.1 m is where silicon sensors
cut off), and SWIR is 1 to 3 m. The ther-
mal IR waveband is divided into the mid-
wavelength-IR band (MWIR) and the
long-wavelength-IR (LWIR) band. Figure
1 is a graphical representation of all these
categories.
NIR properties, applications
Images look similar to visible-light im-
ages, although monochrome. Colors tend
to disappear because many color pigments
are transparent to NIR radiation. Healthy
vegetation and human skin appear light
gray. Silicon sensors are used to image
NIR, and active illumination is used in
low-ambient-light situations.
The most widespread application for
NIR imaging is in low-light security cam-
eras, which usually have short-focal-
length lenses and a ring of NIR LEDs to
provide close-range illumination. The
LEDs are hard or impossible to see with
the naked eye, so they are unobtrusive
(though you can see them with cell phone
cameras. Try it!).
The military uses night-vision goggles
that work in both the visible and NIR
bands. Soldiers use a number of NIR illu-
mination sources in conjunction with these
devices, including laser pointers, LED il-
luminators on the goggles themselves and
NIR beacons to mark helicopter landing
positions. NIR imaging also is used to
evaluate the health of crops and forests, to
inspect textiles for defects in the weave, to
examine altered documents that have had
text erased or obliterated, and to sort out
fruits and vegetables that are bruised.
SWIR properties, applications
In this band, vegetation and human skin
can look very white or very black because
of water absorption it all depends upon
the wavelength within the SWIR band.
Conventional silicon imaging sensors
wont work in the SWIR band the pho-
ton energy is too low to stimulate the de-
tectors, just as NIR radiation fails to stim-
ulate the light receptors in the human eye.
SWIR sensor materials are more exotic
and include indium gallium arsenide, in-
dium antimonide and mercury cadmium
telluride. SWIR cameras can see through
glass, but less well up near 3 m. Special
lasers can be used for active illumination
out to long range.
What its used for: SWIR radiation can
readily pass through thin paint and other
thin solid materials, as well as haze and air
pollution, with minimal scattering. It can
act like x-ray vision in these situations
and can see through these materials better
than NIR radiation in many cases.
Many lasers used for optical fiber com-
munication and military applications such
as laser rangefinders work in the SWIR
band, so SWIR cameras are used to char-
acterize these laser beams and see re-
Figure 3. A SWIR image of a man (2 to 2.5 m)
with light skin color. Water just below the skins sur-
face absorbs SWIR radiation in this band very well.
Figure 4. In this visible-light image (left) of an oil rig at a 47-km range, the oil rig can barely be seen, but it is visible in the SWIR image (right), which was
taken at the same distance.
flected laser spots within scenes; they also
are used for chemical imaging many
molecules have strong resonances in this
band, and multispectral SWIR systems can
identify materials simply by looking at
them in a multitude of bands and compar-
ing the spectral signature with a database
of known materials.
Because of this strong interaction with
molecules, especially water, SWIR images
of everyday scenes can look quite differ-
ent, depending upon which part of the
SWIR band you are in. Figure 3 shows a
SWIR image of a person with light skin
color. The water right under the surface of
the skin strongly absorbs SWIR radiation
in this band. Liquid water absorption
makes the eyes and teeth look very dark
as well.
SWIR radiation passes readily through
haze and smog, which tend to scatter visi-
ble light. Figure 4 shows two views of an
oil rig imaged through 47 km of air with a
substantial amount of marine haze in the
air path. The rig can just barely be seen in
the visible image, while the SWIR image
shows strong contrast and the presence of
a flare at the end of a long boom.
The images in Figure 4 were taken
through fairly light haze, but when the
obscurants are much thicker, a different
SWIR approach, called range-gated imag-
ing (RGI), is required. This technique uses
very short pulses of laser light to illumi-
nate an object that may be hidden by rain,
fog, smoke or a heavy snowstorm. The
short pulses of light are only a few bil-
lionths of a second long. They reflect off
an object and come back to a special cam-
era that is time-synchronized to the laser
pulse.
The camera is designed to have an ex-
tremely fast shutter speed, and only the
light that comes back within a very narrow
window of time (the gate) is recorded
by the sensor. The delay between the laser
pulse going out and the shutter of the
camera can be adjusted by the operator to
match the time it takes for light to go out
to the object and return (range gating).
This makes the system insensitive to light
scattered back into the camera from parti-
cles or aerosols close to the systems aper-
ture. Without this, the camera would be
blinded by the backscatter just like
driving with the high beams on through
heavy fog at night. The range-gated
imaging technique makes the fog or other
aerosols essentially disappear because
only nonscattered laser photons reflected
off the object are recorded the so-called
ballistic photons.
The results are very impressive, with
the ability to see detail that is completely
hidden to other imaging methods. SWIR
radiation often is used for RGI because the
danger to exposed eyes is much less than
for NIR laser systems as a result of the
lower photon energy and the optical prop-
erties of the human eye.
MWIR properties, applications
Mid-wavelength-infrared imaging sees
heat radiated from scenes. The sensors
used for MWIR imaging are made of spe-
cial semiconductor materials such as in-
dium antimonide and mercury cadmium
telluride. They must be cooled to cryo-
genic temperatures to operate. MWIR im-
agers also can detect the absence of heat,
as shown in Figure 5, a 3- to 5-m image
of the Oxnard (Calif.) Airport. The image
was taken about 30 min after sunset after a
clear, sunny day. The image is false-col-
ored, with a special color palette. The top
and bottom gray levels are false-colored to
show the hottest parts of the image
(shades of orange, yellow and white) and
the coldest (shades of blue). The tarmac
has retained a substantial amount of resid-
ual heat, except in the locations of aircraft
(mostly private jets) that have since
moved. The undersides of aircraft that
have recently landed are hot and radiate
heat down on the tarmac, which warms it
up. There is also reflected MWIR radia-
tion. The tops of buildings and cars are
smooth metal, which reflects the cold
night sky above.
MWIR cameras are the Rolls Royces of
thermal imaging, with unparalleled per-
formance and a relatively high cost.
MWIR imagers see better through high
humidity air at ranges of several kilome-
IR Imaging
Figure 5. MWIR image of Oxnard (Calif.) Airport from the air, false-colored with a special
color palette. The top and bottom gray levels show the hottest parts of the image in orange,
yellow and white; the coldest parts appear in blue shades.
Figure 6. A false-colored MWIR image of a
powered-up circuit board. The difference in
temperature between the red center of the big
chip and the blue corner is about 2 C.
ters or more compared with LWIR sys-
tems. They can see people in total dark-
ness out to 15 km when equipped with
suitable long-focal-length optics. They
also can measure minute temperature dif-
ferences on surfaces, with values as low as
0.02 C fairly easy to achieve. Figure 6
shows a false-colored MWIR image of a
powered-up circuit board. The temperature
difference between the red-colored center
of the big chip and the blue-colored corner
is about 2 C.
Special MWIR cameras with internal
optical filters can image gas plumes that
are completely invisible to the human
eye. This is crucial for safety inspections
at refineries and power plants. These
gas-finder cameras are tuned to the exact
wavelength of absorption of a particular
gas species, such as methane. The absorp-
tion lines can be very strong in the MWIR
band; the gas plumes often look like
clouds of black smoke pouring out of
a leak.
LWIR properties, applications
As with MWIR imaging, LWIR imag-
ing sees heat from scenes. The images
look different from MWIR images; there
is less contrast between areas of different
temperature. This is related to the physics
of IR emission from materials. In the
LWIR band, there is quite a bit more
radiation emitted from terrestrial objects
relative to the MWIR band, but the
amount of radiation varies less with tem-
perature. The ratio of long-wavelength
(7 to 14 m) to mid-wavelength (3 to
5 m) is 75 for a 30 C scene. Because of
this abundance of radiation, some types
of LWIR sensors do not have to be cooled
to operate.
These uncooled sensors are revolution-
izing the IR camera industry, with costs
that have dropped by an order of magni-
tude every 10 years, and miniaturization
that has enabled the development of com-
pact handheld cameras. Uncooled cameras
have limitations on lens focal length that
make very long range surveillance imprac-
tical with uncooled cameras.
Uncooled LWIR cameras are the most
common thermal imaging cameras on the
world market. They are widely used in se-
curity and surveillance applications in
fixed installations, on vehicles and on un-
manned aerial vehicles. Firefighters use
handheld LWIR imagers to see through
smoke and identify hot spots that can
indicate a fire burning inside a wall or
behind a door.
There are several applications where
LWIR cameras are the only way to meet
the imaging objective:
imaging through thick smoke
thermal imaging in subzero
temperatures
imaging scenes that contain the
sun or a reflection of the sun
The last situation is particularly com-
monplace, especially for cameras monitor-
ing traffic on a coastal road or highway.
When a visible-light scene contains the
sun, the radiation from it often will over-
whelm the rest of the scene, especially for
parts of the scene near the sun, as is the
case at sunrise or sunset. An example is
shown in Figure 7, which is a LWIR image
taken with a microbolometer camera. You
can see the people in the foreground,
but the visible reference image shows a
blown out scene. There is no simple way
to compensate for this effect because the
visible camera optics will tend to scatter
and reflect the sunlight around inside and
paint it all over the rest of the sensors
area, obscuring the regions of interest.
LWIR imaging is much less affected by the
presence of the sun in the scene.
Meet the author
Dr. Austin Richards is a senior research scien-
tist at Flir Commercial Systems; email:
austin.richards@flir.com.
IR Imaging
Figure 7. Visible (left) and LWIR (right) images of an airport near sunset. The LWIR image was captured
with a microbolometer camera.
Lasers, Laser Accessories & Light Sources
Custom Precision Optics
DiMaxx Technologies specializes in custom precision optics such as windows,
spherical lenses, prisms, flow tubes and polished metal surfaces. We fabricate
laser-quality optics for the medical, scientific, military and biotech markets.
Materials include fused silica, BK-7, filter glasses and metals. Typical specifi-
cations for fused silica substrates are surface roughness of <3 Angstroms,
surface quality of 5-2 or better. Optics from 3 to 300 mm. CNC experts for
high-accuracy machined glass components.
(530) 888-1942
sales@dimaxxtech.com
www.dimaxxtech.com
Auburn, CA
BlueTune Lasers Tune up the Blue!
TOPTICA Photonics introduces the new BlueTune family of tunable diode
lasers with up to 50 mW output power in the blue spectral region. A special
resonator design allows for high single-frequency output power, a linewidth
of 1 to 2 MHz and a mode-hop-free tuning range of 20 to 50 GHz (1 to 3 nm
coarse tuning). Wavelengths are available from 370 to 517 nm, well suited
for applications like laser cooling, spectroscopy, ionization, and quantum
manipulation of numerous atoms and ions, including indium, gallium and
uranium. Fiber coupling and stabilization electronics are optionally available.
(585) 657-6663
sales@toptica-usa.com
www.toptica.com
Nanopositioning Stages, Motors and Sensors, and Hexapods
PIs precision positioners, piezo actuators, flexure guided stages and
capacitive sensors combine subnanometer stability with submillisecond
responsiveness.
1- to 6-axis stages with many digital control options
Ultrasonic motors for high-speed automation
Piezo stepping linear motors for high-force, high-precision applications
Hexapods for optics alignment
Hybrid linear translation stages for long travel and nanometer precision
(508) 832-3456
info@pi-usa.us
www.pi-usa.us
Recirculating Coolers
JULABOs F Series Chiller line expanded to include the new F500 and
F1000 joining the F250. The space-saving and eco-friendly recirculating
coolers are for cooling applications from 10 to 40 C with 250- to
1000-W cooling capacity. Contact JULABO for a consultation to
provide the solution for your cooling needs.
(800) 458-5226
info@julabo.com
www.julabo.com
Next-Generation Excimer Laser Annealing From Coherent
The new VYPER/LB750 line beam annealing system enables volume
production of low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) on large generation
6 glass panels. LTPS is the key material for high-resolution liquid crystal
displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays for
smartphones, tablet PCs and TVs.
(800) 527-3786
tech.sales@coherent.com
www.coherent.com/excimer
812_Spotlight_Layout 1 7/20/12 10:58 AM Page 66
Making Life Easier for Photomultiplier Users
Using photomultipliers is now even easier with the new HV2520 series
of compact, low noise, low power HV Bases. Incorporating socket, voltage
divider and HV supply, this series of HV Bases operates from low-voltage
DC and is compatible with a wide range of 25mm and 30mm diameter
photomultiplier types in analog, pulse counting or photon counting
applications. Being very efficient, the HV Bases can support high signal
currents while avoiding the heat dissipation issues associated with resistive
voltage dividers. They can also be integrated into the QL30 series of
photomultiplier housings.
(800) 399-4557
sales@electrontubes.com
www.et-enterprises.
com/about-us/news
Infrared Polarizers
5-mm aperture
High-contrast output beam
High transmittance
High power rating
Request catalog
2 m - 14 m
In stock for immediate delivery.
(973) 857-8380
info@innpho.com
www.innpho.com
Phase-Locked Loop Optical Chopper
The C-995 phase-locked loop optical chopper provides crystal-controlled
chopping rates of 4 Hz to 5 KHz using only one blade. The use of direct
digital synthesis permits the rate to be set to a precision of 0.001 Hz
and provides quartz crystal stability. Frequency settings may be made
via front panel controls or its bidirectional RS-232 port, additionally
it may be phase-locked to a user-supplied external clock. Both enclosed
and open style chopper heads are available.
315-736-3624
sales@terahertz
technologies.com
www.terahertz
technologies.com
High-Resolution Laser Spectrum Analyzer
The model 721 is a unique instrument that operates as both a high-accuracy
wavelength meter and a high-resolution spectrum analyzer. It is for scientists
and engineers who need to know the absolute wavelength (0.0001 nm) and
the spectral properties (2 GHz) of their CW or high-repetition-rate pulsed
lasers. Operation is available from 375 nm to 12 m.
(585) 924-2620
info@bristol-inst.com
www.bristol-inst.com
Deep-UV DPSS Lasers
Market Tech Inc. offers a wide variety of deep-UV DPSS lasers at 213 nm,
224 nm and 266 nm. Pulsed models offer pulse energies up to 0.6 mJ at
213 nm and average powers of 300 mW at 224 nm. CW models are
offered at 266 nm with up to 100-mW power output in addition to single-
longitudinal-mode operation.
(831) 461-1101
info@markettechinc.net
www.markettechinc.net
Wavelength Meters Encompassing Wavelengths from UV to Mid-IR
With the introduction of the WS6-200 IR3, TOPTICAs wavelength meters
now cover an extremely wide wavelength range, from 192 nm to 11 m.
The ultimate precision (within 2 MHz) and highest speed (up to 500 Hz)
make our wavelength meters quick and easy to use. The unique instrumental
design allows for no moving parts, ensuring greater stability with no
downtime. With effective high-speed measurement (up to 500 Hz) and
feedback control of up to eight lasers, our wavelength meters can measure
single-pulse, pulse, quasi-CW and CW lasers. Greater stability, better
accuracy, faster measurement speeds, terrific reliability and coverage
from the hard-UV to the mid-IR TOPTICAs wavelength meters give
you everything you need and more!
(585) 657-6663
sales@toptica-usa.com
www.toptica.com
NanoScan Laser Beam Profiler Adds Enhanced User Interface
Ophir Photonics, the global leader in precision laser measurement,
introduces Photons NanoScan v2 software. NanoScan, a NIST-calibrated
laser beam profiler, uses moving slits to measure beam sizes from microns
to centimeters at beam powers from microwatts to kilowatts, with little to
no attenuation. The latest version adds an enhanced GUI with support
for the Microsoft ribbon toolbar and support for Windows 7 32-/64-bit.
(866) 755-5499
sales@us.ophiropt.com
www.ophiropt.com/photonics
Laser Wavelength Chart
Exciton is dedicated to providing its customers with the highest-quality
laser dyes on the market today. To assist its customers in choosing laser
dyes, Exciton offers a free four-color laser wavelength chart, an essential
reference for your laboratory or office wall.
(973) 252-2989
info@exciton.com
www.exciton.com
New sCMOS Camera
The new Zyla 5.5 megapixel scientific CMOS (sCMOS) camera is ideal for
research and OEM usage. Zyla sCMOS offers a 100 fps rate, rolling and
snapshot (global) shutter modes and ultra-low noise performance in a light,
compact and cost-effective design. Zyla achieves down to 1.2 electron rms
read noise and can read out the 5.5 megapixel sensor at a sustained 100 fps
through a 10-tap Camera Link interface. A highly cost-effective 3-tap
version is also available, offering up to 30 fps.
(800) 296-1579
info@andor.com
Andor.com/zyla
Your best products deserve the Spotlight
Our Spotlight feature is a quick, easy, low-cost way to start advertising with
Photonics Spectra. Showcase your products in a modular,
1
6-page, four-color
ad unit. Three themes rotate month to month Optics & Optics Fabrication;
Imaging Components & Systems; and Lasers, Laser Accessories & Light
Sources. Contact us at (413) 499-0514 or at advertising@photonics.com.
(413) 499-0514
photonics.com
www.leosconterence.com
October 10-12, 2012
Hllton San Dlego Resort & Spa, San Dlego, Calltornla
|nnovatlon, value Creatlon ano Real-llte Appllcatlons
Photonics Spectra subscribers receive $200 off of
the conference fee by using code PhotSpec and
registering online at www.ledsconference.com.
Register now!
New this year! More end-user perspectives; technology
showcase; exciting technical innovations; more
networking opportunities; more value!
LEDs 2012 will provide an in-depth assessment of lighting and
LEDs current position in the market and insights into the technical
breakthroughs required for LEDs to reach their future potential.
Youll build relationships and learn from organizations like:
Reasons to attend
Hear from the fore front of applications - at least 6
case studies presented by end users representing retail,
general ofce, municipal lighting, hospitality, education
and horticulture
New this year nd out what it would take for major
distribution channel gatekeepers to carry your product
instead of your competitors
Plan your innovation roadmap with the help of Heads
of R&D and Innovation from Toshiba, Cooper Lighting,
Philips Lumileds, Osram Sylvania, Cree and Acuity Brands
Find out how Chip Israel, President, Lighting Design
Alliance and Brian Stacy, Lighting Leader Americas
Region, Arup Lighting make their decisions on
specication so that you can make sure your products
make the grade
Benchmark your product development strategy against
well established players and new kids on the block by
attending the focus sessions on optics, controls, devices
and packages
And much, much more!
Acuity Brands Lithonia Lighting
Acuity Brands Luminaire Concept Center
Arup Lighting
Avnet Inc.
Bardsley Consulting
City of Raleigh, NC
Cooper Lighting
Cree, Inc.
Digital Lumens
Gensler
Groom Energy
Ikea
Illumination Machines
Lighting Design Alliance
Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.
Lux Research
Marriott International, Inc
National Institute of Standards &
Technology (NIST)
Nichia America Corporation
OSRAM Sylvania
Pacic Northwest National Laboratory
Philips Lumileds Lighting Company
Redwood Systems
San Diego State University
Seoul Semiconductor, Inc
Toshiba International Corporations LED
Lighting Systems Division
U.S. Department of Energy
Wiedenbach-Brown
And many others!
812_SmithersApex_Pg69_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:26 PM Page 69
70
Optical Modulation Analysis
Southern Photonics IQScope-30G
for optical modulation analysis
has 30 GHz of bandwidth and
is suited for measuring 100-
Gb/s signals. It enables accu-
rate transmitter characterization
with up to 2000 sample points per
baud. Because it is a separate unit that works
with widely used equivalent-time oscilloscopes, it can be upgraded eco-
nomically. Supported modulation formats include binary, differential,
quadrature and differential quadrature phase shift keying, and 16 and 64
quadrature amplitude modulation. Applications include modulator and
chirp testing, and R&D testing of transmitters.
Visualizations include I&Q eye, vector and constellation diagrams; inten-
sity versus time; phase versus time; and I&Q versus time. Error vector
magnitude, phase error, IQ phase error, IQ gain imbalance, IQ skew
and signal-to-noise ratio can be measured.
Southern Photonics
info@southernphotonics.com
Adjustable Laser Pointer
Ocean Optics has added an ad-
justable laser pointer (ALP) to its
Jaz modular sensing system, en-
hancing performance in standoff
light-measurement applications.
The laser pointer makes spot meas-
urements of large-area projection
screens, flat panel displays and media
walls. It focuses the collection optics to a pre-
cise spot within the sample being measured. The
ALP and Gershun Tube Kit control the field of view of the
spectrometer from 1 to 28. Four Torx adjustment screws allow vertical
and horizontal control of the laser beam direction. The CCD-array minia-
ture spectrometer can be optimized via grating and slit options. An on-
board microprocessor with a built-in display eliminates the need for a PC.
Accessories including additional spectrometer channels, battery packs,
Ethernet connectivity, software packages, light sources and the ALP
customize the Jaz for virtually any measurement application.
Ocean Optics
info@oceanoptics.com
514- and 552-nm Smart Lasers
Coherent Inc. has added 514- and 552-nm wavelengths to its OBIS family of plug-and-play smart lasers. The OBIS
514 LS and 552 LS output 20 mW and feature a diffraction-limited TEM
00
beam, divergence of <1.2 mrad, pointing
stability of <30 rad/3 C, power stability of <2% over 8 h 3 C, and noise of 0.25% rms from 20 Hz to 20 MHz.
The lasers measure 70 40 38 mm. Operation is via USB, RS-232 and serial interface ports. The new wavelengths
are used in flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The 552 LS excites phycoerythrin (PE) while avoiding spillover into
the fluorescein and PE emission bandwidths. It is applicable for DsRed and for dTomato. The absorption coefficient of
allophycocyanin and its tandem dyes is low at 552 nm, simplifying the need for crossbeam compensation.
Coherent Inc.
tech.sales@coherent.com
Calibration System
For the LRS-9550 high-power laser
diode life-test and burn-in system for
single emitters, ILX Lightwave, a
Newport Corp. brand, has unveiled
the LRS-9580 calibration system. A
self-contained transportable unit, it
calibrates fixtures, shelves and mea-
surement electronics for the test sys-
tem, and it enables users to calibrate
their systems on-site. It calibrates and
verifies fixture temperature sensor
measurement accuracy, laser diode
voltage measurement accuracy, fixture trace resistance, optical power
measurement accuracy, current set point accuracy, control measurement
modules, temperature measurement accuracy and self-calibration of inter-
nal current sense resistors. Included ReliaCal software provides a single
source for all calibration functions. Multiple calibrations can be configured
and performed. ReliaCal supports concurrent calibrations, allowing up to
eight fixtures and one control measurement module to be calibrated simul-
taneously.
ILX Lightwave
kim.abair@newport.com
Sapphire Windows for Aircraft
Custom-fabricated sapphire windows for
installation on the outboard of aircraft to
protect sensors from water, wind and high-
speed particulates are being offered by
Meller Optics Inc. The windows feature
transmission from the UV to the IR (270
nm to 4.7 m) and can be fabricated in vir-
tually any mounting configuration, with the
appropriate bevels and mounting surfaces.
Clear as glass, they exhibit Moh 9 hard-
ness. Produced in sizes up to 10 in. in di-
ameter, depending upon the diameter-to-
thickness aspect ratio, they provide flatness
to /10 in the visible and <2-arc sec parallelism, with finishes from 60-40
to 40-20 scratch-dig, depending upon size and construction. Sapphire
domes also are offered as front-surface protection in military applications.
Meller Optics
steve@melleroptics.com
IDEAS
BRIGHT
Picomotor Mount
New Focus, a Newport Corp. brand, has introduced the Clear Edge Picomotor Mount 8821. The mirror mount,
featuring a clear edge for greater beam access, has two picomotor actuators for precision and stability. It is sup-
plied in a single compact and black anodized aluminum package. Sapphire seats and optimized springs deliver
smooth, reliable operation while maintaining high thermal and mechanical stability. The kinematic 8821 mount
accommodates 25.4-mm optics ranging in thickness from 6 to 10 mm. The picomotor features integrated knobs
for quick manual adjustment of all axes. It is fully compatible with the companys 8702 Picomotor drive module
and the iPico series, as well as its GuideStar II laser beam steering correction system. A left-handed mirror
mount, the 8821L, is also available. The mirror mounts are used in research, laboratory and industrial tasks.
New Focus
812_New Prod Leads_Layout 1 7/19/12 12:47 PM Page 70

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812_PrismAwardsAd_Pg71_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:26 PM Page 71
Industrial DPSS Lasers
Spectra-Physics, a Newport Corp. brand, has
introduced two industrial Q-switched diode-
pumped solid-state (DPSS) lasers for 24/7 mi-
croelectronics manufacturing applications. The
Pulseo 355-Turbo features advanced ultraviolet
performance at repetition rates of up to 500
kHz, making it suitable for high-speed process-
ing of semiconductors, touch screens, high-den-
sity interconnects and other microelectronics.
The Explorer 1064-3 delivers high infrared peak
power, good beam quality and high brightness
in a robust and compact package for memory
repair and micromachining applications. The
Pulseo 355-Turbo features >8-W 355-nm out-
put power with <8% pulse-to-pulse stability at
a 300-kHz repetition rate. The Explorer 1064-3
offers <12-ns pulse widths and near-diffraction-
limited beam quality in a robust package that
can be used on moving gantries.
Spectra-Physics
Multizone Filters
Iridian Spectral Technologies Ltd. is offering
multizone filters on a single substrate. The com-
panys newly enhanced capabilities enable it to
provide robust multifilter assemblies and multi-
zone filters patterned using photolithography.
The filters can be customized for size, spectral
performance and layout (number and size of
zones) to address customer needs for optical fil-
ters for order sorting and multispectral imaging.
Available are antireflection coatings, long- and
short-pass filters, and bandpass filters from the
UV (300 nm) to the long-wavelength infrared
(15 m) integrated on the same substrate. The
filters are fabricated using proprietary hard
dielectric coating technology.
Iridian Spectral Technologies Ltd.
inquiries@iridian.ca
Interferometer
QED Technologies International Inc. has re-
leased its QED Interferometer for Stitching (QIS)
system. The companys previous metrology sys-
tems used a general-purpose interferometer,
but customer requirements have led to one with
improved stitching algorithms. The proprietary
QIS coherent imaging system provides meas-
urements with higher fringe densities and
greater contrast. The optical design reduces re-
trace and magnification errors, and the greater
focus travel enables measurement of parts with
shorter radii than is possible with a general-
purpose interferometer. QIS was designed using
the same software platform, QED.NET, as the
companys metrology and newest magnetorheo-
logical finishing systems, enabling seamless
communications between systems. These fea-
tures result in ease of use, efficient processing,
increased accuracy and expanded capabilities.
QIS is available on the new ASI(Q) platform or
as a field upgrade to existing ASI and SSI-A
platforms.
QED Technologies International Inc.
info@qedmrf.com
Weatherproof Hyperspectral Imager
Telops Inc. has introduced the improved Hyper-
Cam Weatherproof, which provides the same
hyperspectral imaging capabilities but benefits
from an upgraded weatherproof enclosure. It
operates over an extended temperature range
from 20 to 40 C and can be stored at tem-
peratures between 40 and 70 C. The system
is IP 52-rated and enables users to benefit from
high-quality hyperspectral imaging without wor-
rying about changing environmental conditions
during field measurements. The upgrade ex-
tends applications to include standoff chemical
detection and identification, military target sig-
nature analysis, flare measurement and leak
detection, and it allows more flexibility for out-
door operations.
Telops Inc.
vincent.marcoux@telops.com
Pulsed Laser Diodes
The CVN Series high-power monolithic pulsed
laser diodes launched by OSI Laser Diode Inc.
feature reliable and efficient performance and
deliver stable operation in extreme environmen-
tal conditions, from 40 to 85 C. The fiber-
coupled devices operate from 895 to 915 nm
up to 188 W, with a typical peak wavelength
at 905 nm. Their peak power (at 25 C, typical)
is 375 W, and they are available either singly
72
b BRIGHT IDEAS
812_Bright Ideas_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:07 PM Page 72
or stacked. They are enclosed in TO18C, TO18T,
TO5C, TO5F, TO5T or 9-mm housings. Applica-
tions include rangefinding, ceilometers, weapons
simulation, surveying equipment, homeland se-
curity, light detection and ranging, and adaptive
cruise control.
OSI Laser Diode Inc.
www.laserdiode.com
X-Y-Z Nanopositioning Stage
For use with a 3-D laser lithography system
made by Nanoscribe GmbH, PI (Physik Instru-
mente) LP has released an X-Y-Z nanoposition-
ing stage. The system produces complex 3-D
structures with precision. Submicron structures
in sizes up to 1 mm and widths to 150 nm are
possible. The PImars P-563 flexure-guided,
piezo-driven three-axis nanopositioning stage
provides ranges to 300 300 300 m and
nanometer-range repeatability. A parallel-
metrology position feedback system based on
linear capacitive sensors allows the sample to
be moved precisely and repeatedly in relation to
the laser focus. A digital piezo motion controller
provides path control on a nanometric scale.
The fast response of the piezoelectric stage
makes it possible to equip surfaces with particu-
lar biometric characteristics or to create micro-
structures for small pumps and needles.
PI (Physik Instrumente) LP
info@pi-usa.us
CMOS Sensor
Photonis USAs Lynx digital CMOS image sensor
operates under daylight and low-light condi-
tions, making it suitable for applications where
high-resolution detection across varying light
conditions is critical. It provides read noise
below 4 e
at rates up to 100 fps, with good

signal-to-noise performance resulting from its
9.7-m
2
pixels and high fill factor. With power
consumption <200 mW and direct digital out-
put, it can be used in portable systems and in
unmanned remote posts that require 24/7
CCTV image availability. It delivers full SXGA
resolution and can be integrated into a variety
of camera platforms. The night-vision and
homeland security digital sensor is based on
solid-state technology and provides surveillance
day and night, supporting applications such as
vehicle protection and the fusion of digital im-
ages. The sensors large pixels collect the maxi-
mum number of photons.
Photonis USA
sales@usa.photonis.com
IR Emitter
Opto Diode Corp. has introduced the third in its
line of superhigh-power infrared emitters. Based
on gallium aluminum arsenide technology, the
OD-250 features a wide-angle, uniform optical
beam with ultrahigh optical output. Typical total
power output is 250 mW, with 160 mW mini-
mum. Peak emission wavelength is 850 nm,
73
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making the emitter suitable for imaging in mili-
tary and security applications. It has a spectral
bandwidth of 40 nm at 50% with a half-inten-
sity beam angle at 110. It is durable, with
gold-plated metal surfaces and four wire bonds
on die corners. The three-lead TO-39 package
can be stored and operated in temperatures
from 40 to 100 C, with maximum junction
temperature at 100 C. Rise and fall times are
20 ns. The emitter is used in night-vision imag-
ing technology, such as cameras and goggles,
and integrated into illuminators and markers.
Opto Diode Corp.
sales@optodiode.com
Z-Scanning Add-On
PhaseViews ZeeScan is an electro-optics mod-
ule adding fast Z-stack and remote focus capa-
bilities to any transmitted or reflected light mi-
croscope. ZeeScan fits between the user camera
and the microscope video port and provides
fast scanning in <5-ms response time, and a
Z-range of up to 1 mm with nanopositioning
from 5 nm. Because the device is independent
of the objective, stage and focus wheel, the
sample space is totally free, with no disturbance
or vibrations. ZeeScan is a suitable and afford-
able accessory for applications such as 3-D
microscopy, rapid screening in life sciences,
and Z-depth measurement and 3-D surface
analysis in materials microscopy.
PhaseView
contact@phaseview.com
Opto-Digital Imaging Systems
Olympus America Inc. has unveiled a line of op-
todigital microimaging and metrology systems
for inspection, test and quality control applica-
tions. The DSX Series imaging systems offer the
touch-screen ease of a smartphone or tablet
computer. They capture clear and crisp images,
acquire reliable measurements, and perform
high-level analysis for reproducible results. The
DSX500, DSX500i and DSX100 are designed for
simplicity, accuracy and reliability and require
virtually no training. They accommodate sam-
ples of all shapes and sizes to produce 2-D,
3-D and panorama results, and they use high-
dynamic-range and color-enhancement tech-
niques to improve image clarity, live or with
captured images. They are compatible with
Stream image-processing software for measure-
ment, analysis and reporting. They resist ambi-
ent vibration with proprietary image stabiliza-
tion technology, making repeatable measure-
ments and images possible in any environment.
Olympus America Inc.
microscopy@olympus.com
Cooled CCD-Camera
The Bigeye G-283B low-noise CCD manufac-
tured by Allied Vision Technologies GmbH deliv-
ers high-quality 14-bit images with long expo-
sure times in low-light conditions. The digital
camera features a sensor, a GigE Vision-compli-
ant interface and a Sony ICX674 monochrome
CCD sensor chip with 2.8-megapixel resolution.
It operates at 6 fps at full resolution in 14-bit
mode, features Peltier cooling down to 10 C
and achieves a good signal-to-noise ratio. It is
suitable for industrial and scientific imaging,
fluorescence microscopy and nondestructive
evaluation of photosensitive objects. The Giga-
bit Ethernet interface modules 20-pin serial
74
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Nanophotonics
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Flexible Electronics
Lasers and Nonlinear Optics
Advances in Biomedical Measurement Science
photonics.stanford.edu
BRIGHT IDEAS
modular receiver decoder provides four inputs
and four outputs, and two RS-232 connectors
are available. The module supports the com-
panys multiplatform PvAPI software develop-
ment kits and can be integrated into machine
vision systems. GigE Vision compliance enables
operation with third-party image processing
libraries.
Allied Vision Technologies GmbH
info@alliedvisiontec.com
Industrial Imaging Computer
Matrox Imagings Matrox 4Sight GP is the fifth
generation of its 4Sight industrial computers for
machine vision and medical imaging applica-
tions. Powered by a third-generation Intel Core
processor, the computer offers desktop-level
performance, including real-time high-definition
H.264 encoding offload. The platform accom-
modates full-height, half-length PCIe boards,
enabling developers to insert standard add-in
cards, such as Matrox frame grabbers, for ana-
log, Camera Link, CoaXPress, DVI or SDI video
capture. It integrates Gigabit Ethernet and USB
3.0 interfaces that provide native support for
capturing from GigE Vision and USB3 Vision
cameras. The computer is preloaded with Mi-
crosoft Windows Embedded Standard 7 soft-
ware. Applications are created using standard
Microsoft development tools and the Matrox
Imaging Library, which features programming
functions for image capture, processing, analy-
sis, annotation, display and archiving.
Matrox Imaging
imaging.info@matrox.com
Yellow HeNe Laser
REO Inc.s 594-nm HeNe laser for bioinstru-
mentation and fluorescence excitation features
a circular beam profile with M
2
<1.05 and pro-
duces polarization purity of >500:1, with mini-
mum output power of 2 mW. It provides noise
output of <1% from 30 Hz to 10 MHz and good
beam stability. Long-term beam drift is <0.05
rad. It is packaged in a cylindrical head mea-
suring 44.5 mm in diameter, and the front plate
supports a variety of fiber-coupling options.
The company offers a choice of OEM or Center
for Devices and Radiological Health-compliant
power supplies, including time delay, key switch
and interlock. REO produces its laser tubes,
mirror substrates and coatings in-house, using
superpolishing and ion-beam-sputtering deposi-
tion for high reflectance, low scatter, environ-
mental stability and mechanical durability. The
laser provides yellow wavelength excitation in
fluorescence-based bioinstrumentation applica-
tions such as confocal microscopy, flow cytome-
try, drug discovery, proteomics and genomics.
REO Inc.
markd@reoinc.com
Mobile Web-Based LED Selector
Osram Opto Semiconductors Inc. has built a
web-based smartphone app for designers of ex-
terior automotive lighting. The Automotive Sig-
nal LED Selector is available for the iPhone, An-
75
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droid and Blackberry OS, or for any device with
a web browser. It provides lighting designers
and engineers with a mobile, easy-to-use tool
to select the correct LEDs for their applications.
Applications include center high-mounted stop
lamps, daytime running lights, front and rear
fog/park/position/lights, turn signals, high and
low beams, backup lights and side marker indi-
cators. To use the new automotive signal LED
selector, designers can click on the link below,
which will automatically open the default
browser on their smartphones, or they can cut
and paste the link into the browser of their
choice: http://apps.osram-os.com/ledselector/.
Osram Opto Semiconductors Inc.
info@osram-os.com
6-Megapixel FireWire-b Cameras
Point Grey Research Inc. has added 6-mega-
pixel models to its Grasshopper Express IEEE
1394b (FireWire-b) digital camera series. They
use the Sony ICX694 to deliver high resolution
and sensitivity in a compact package. The
ICX694 applies EXview HAD technology to high-
resolution multitap image sensors. Known for
high quantum efficiency, reduced smear and
increased near-infrared sensitivity, it is a 1-in.
CCD that features 4.54-m square pixels and
produces 2736 2192-pixel images at 11 fps.
The camera has a tripod mounting bracket and
onboard temperature and power sensors. The
FlyCapture software development kit library
provides a control interface under Windows and
Linux. The 800 Mb/s of bandwidth deliver low-
latency, deterministic image transfer without
CPU loading. Applications include machine
vision and bioscience. The Grasshopper Express
GX-FW-60S6M-C (monochrome) and GX-FW-
60S6C-C (color) models for imaging of fast-
moving objects offer high sensitivity, short
exposure times and postcapture gain.
Point Grey Research Inc.
info@ptgrey.com
Optical Spectrum Analyzer
Thorlabs has released a Fourier transform opti-
cal spectrum analyzer (OSA) with a scanning
Michelson interferometer configuration. It oper-
ates as both an OSA and a wavelength meter.
It features a 1000- to 2500-nm wavelength
measurement range, spectral resolution of
7.5 GHz when used as an OSA, and wave-
length meter resolution of 0.2 pm. The input
aperture accepts FC/PC-terminated fibers, suit-
able for interfacing with the companys tunable
laser kits, pigtailed laser diodes and fiber colli-
mators. The instrument is supplied with a laptop
computer preloaded with software for acquiring,
inspecting, manipulating and analyzing spectra
and interferograms. A customizable graphical
user interface makes it easy to identify spectral
features, to measure optical output power over
a wavelength range, and to track other param-
eters as a function of time.
Thorlabs
techsupport@thorlabs.com
Vision Sensors
Baumer Ltd.s VeriSens XC Series vision sensors
feature an integrated flash controller. The
adaptable sensors reduce the cost and time
involved in external light source installation.
The C-mount design gives users freedom in se-
lecting the appropriate lens configuration and
image resolution for the application. Integrating
76
b BRIGHT IDEAS
the flash controller into the sensor renders ex-
ternal lighting easy to manage. The sensor con-
trols flashing at up to 48 V and 4 A under the
management of its intuitive software, eliminat-
ing the need to program the external flash con-
troller. The series is available with CCD sensors
in three resolutions ranging from VGA to 2
megapixels. Software provides extended statisti-
cal assessment, an integrated test environment
for listed jobs, a File Transfer Protocol function
that simplifies image storage on external media,
and tools for distance determination.
Baumer Ltd.
cscarpati@baumer.com
Infrared Objectives
Rochester Precision Optics FireEye line of in-
frared standard objectives is designed for the
newest compact infrared focal planes. Because
of developments in wafer-scale manufacturing,
these lighter and more compact lenses enable
manufacturers to develop technologies that are
lighter in weight and smaller in size. Made in
13-, 17- and 22-mm focal lengths with f/1.3,
the FireEye objectives operate over a tempera-
ture range from 40 to 85 C. The 13-mm
model offers a field of view of 57; the 17-mm
models is 45, and the 22-mm models is 36.
All have a back working distance of 3.26 mm.
Rochester Precision Optics
sales@rpoptics.com
Analytical Field-Emission SEM
JEOL USA Inc.s JSM-7800F field-emission scan-
ning electron microscope (SEM) for nanotech-
nology imaging and analysis enables observa-
tion of fine structural morphology of nano-
materials at 1 million times magnification with
sub-1-nm resolution; low-kilovolt imaging and
analysis of magnetic samples; collection of
large-area electron backscatter diffraction maps
at low magnifications without distortion; and
imaging of thin, electron-transparent samples
with sub-0.8-nm resolution using an optional
retractable scanning transmission electron mi-
croscope detector. The instrument combines an
in-lens field-emission gun with an aperture-
angle control lens. The superhybrid lens design
and in-column detectors with filtering capabili-
ties allow observation of any specimen. The
SEM performs x-ray spectroscopy and cathodo-
luminescence. Applications include cryo-micros-
copy and electron-beam lithography.
JEOL USA Inc.
salesinfo@jeol.com
Multispectral Camera
JAI Inc. has released the AD-130GE two-CCD
camera with a dichroic prism that simultane-
ously captures color and NIR digital video on a
single optical path for multispectral inspection
and analysis. The camera produces 1296
966-pixel resolution and operates at 31 fps. The
companys two-CCD technology provides a sin-
gle-camera approach that enables multispectral
analysis for inspection of fruits and vegetables,
blister packs or other plastic film containers,
and medical supplies where the two channels
can check the integrity of inner and outer seals
on plastic pouches and bags. Output is via two
GigE interfaces, and color output is available in
raw Bayer form for host-based interpolation, or
as 24- or 30-bit RGB. NIR output is user-selec-
table 8-, 10- or 12-bit monochrome images.
Features include multiple shutter modes, a con-
b BRIGHT IDEAS
figurable general-purpose input/output module,
look-up tables for gamma customization, man-
ual or automatic gain control, and analog
video.
JAI Inc.
camerasales.emea@jai.com
Q-Switched DPSS Laser
The Starlase AO40 UV is the newest addition
to the Starlase series from Powerlase Photonics
and is available from RPMC Lasers. The high-
power Q-switched diode-pumped solid-state
(DPSS) laser was developed for industrial appli-
cations and is used in materials processing and
micromachining. It emits at 355 nm and oper-
ates from 10 to 50 kHz. At the low end of the
repetition rate range, it produces 40 W of out-
put power and, at the high end, 5 W. Because
an acousto-optic Q-switch is used, the pulse
width changes with the repetition rate. At 10
kHz, the laser will have pulse widths of 60 ns,
and at 50 kHz, the pulse width grows to 200 ns.
Other applications include the photovoltaic,
microelectronic, medical, semiconductor,
automotive and display industries.
RPMC Lasers
info@rpmclasers.com
UV Imaging Lens
The Model 228 lens from Resolve Optics Ltd.
works in the UV and visible wavebands, en-
abling forensic scientists and crime scene inves-
tigators to identify and focus on a target in the
visible and then slide the UV filter across to take
images in the UV without having to refocus.
The interaction between materials and UV light
makes reflected UV useful for imaging of latent
fingerprints, bite marks and other injuries on
skin, and of shoe prints on surfaces where visi-
ble light contrast is low. Using a telescopic fo-
cusing mount, the lens provides large move-
ment in a compact form. It can image objects
from infinity to 1:1.25 magnification without
add-on adapters. Offering a field of view of
8.3 at 1:1.25 magnification up to 16.6 at
long object distances, it produces high-resolu-
tion macro images. Its wide field of view and
the high transmission qualities of its coatings
render it light-efficient.
Resolve Optics Ltd.
sales@resolveoptics.com
Ultrahigh-Speed Camera
Alacron Inc. and affiliate company FastVision
LLCs new FC300 ultrahigh-speed camera is
built around Panavision Imaging LLCs quiet,
high-speed Dynamax CMOS sensor. It also
incorporates a patented delta doping process
developed by NASAs Jet Propulsion Labora-
torys Microdevices Laboratory. The cameras
3.2-megapixel CMOS sensor operates at 180
fps. Panavisions technology can be made into
a back-side imager with delta doping and anti-
reflection coating. The combination of delta
doping and the CMOS sensor produces a 100%
fill factor and enables selection of the sensors
sensitivity to a specific wavelength, ranging
from the deep-UV to the near-infrared. With the
proprietary and patented Active Column Sensor
technology, the Dynamax CMOS sensor offers
a wide dynamic range in either global or rolling
shutter mode.
Alacron Inc.
sales@alacron.com
Linear Amplifier IC
Teledyne Dalsa Semiconductor has launched
the DH9665A sample and hold precision lin-
ear amplifier integrated circuit (IC). Using
proprietary high-voltage CMOS/diffusion
metal oxide semiconductor technology, it is
designed for next-generation, high-density,
small-footprint, low-power systems using mi-
croelectromechanical systems or micro-opto-
electromechanical systems activation with
electrostatic forces. The RoHS-compliant device
offers voltage precision of 20 mV with a
linear output range up to 240 V on 96 inde-
pendently operated sample and hold ampli-
fiers. It is available in a 17 17-mm ball grid
array package or as bumped die with a foot-
print of 0.8 mm
2
per channel. Features include
four analog high-voltage outputs that can be
programmed simultaneously; 24 selectable
groups of four high-voltage outputs (quads);
internal closed-loop gain of 79 V/V; power
consumption <500 mW; an integrated diode
for temperature monitoring; and single-polar-
ity low-voltage power supplies.
Teledyne Dalsa Semiconductor
sales.americas@teledynedalsa.com
78
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SEPTEMBER
Photon12 (Sept. 3-6) Durham, UK. Contact
Institute of Physics, +44 20 7470 4800;
conferences@iop.org; www.photon.org.uk.
MIOMD-XI Infrared Optoelectronics:
Materials and Devices (Sept. 4-8)
Chicago. Contact Manijeh Razeghi,
Northwestern University, +1 (847) 491-7251;
miomd-11@northwestern.edu; miomd-11.
northwestern.edu.
Speckle 2012, International Conference
on Speckle Metrology (Sept. 10-12)
Vigo, Spain. Contact Speckle 2012,
Universidade de Vigo, speckle2012@uvigo.es;
speckle2012.uvigo.es.
SPIE Photomask Technology (Sept. 10-13)
Monterey, Calif. Contact SPIE, +1 (360) 676-
3290; customerservice@spie.org; spie.org.
Nanosystems in Engineering
and Medicine (Sept. 10-13) Incheon,
South Korea. Contact SPIE, +1 (360) 676-3290;
customerservice@spie.org; spie.org.
XIX International Symposium on High
Power Laser Systems and Applications
(Sept. 10-14) Istanbul. Ozgur Tataroglu,
Tbitak Mam, +262 677 3133;
ozgur.tataroglu@mam.gov.tr;
hplsa2012.mam.gov.tr.
32nd European Conference on Laser
Interaction with Matter (ECLIM 2012)
(Sept. 10-14) Warsaw, Poland. Contact
Military University of Technology, Institute
of Optoelectronics, +48 22 683 9430;
eclim@wat.edu.pl; eclim2012.wat.edu.pl.
International Manufacturing Technology
Show 2012 (Sept. 10-15) Chicago.
Contact AMT The Association for
Manufacturing Technology, +1 (800) 524-0475;
amt@amtonline.org; www.amtonline.org.
Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics
Conference (AVFOP 2012) (Sept. 11-13)
Cocoa Beach, Fla. Contact Megan Figueroa,
IEEE Photonics Society, +1 (732) 562-3895;
m.figueroa@ieee.org; www.avfop-ieee.org.
Photonics in Switching 2012 (PS 2012)
(Sept. 11-14) Ajaccio, France. Contact
Michel Dupire, SEE, +33 1 5690 3709;
www.ps2012.net.
JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia (73rd Japan
Society of Applied Physics Annual Meeting
2012) (Sept. 11-14) Matsuyama, Japan.
Symposia held with Optical Society. Contact
JSAP, +81 3 5802 0864; jsap-osa-js@
jsap.or.jp; www.jsap.or.jp/english.
OSA Fall Vision Meeting 2012 (Sept. 14-16)
Rochester, N.Y. Contact Michele Schultz, Center
for Visual Science, University of Rochester, +1
(585) 275-8659; mschultz@cvs.rochester.edu;
www.cvs.rochester.edu/fvm_2012.
Laser World of Photonics India
(Sept. 14-16) Mumbai, India. Contact
Bhupinder Singh, MMI India Pvt. Ltd., +91 981
1090 046; bhupinder.singh@mmi-india.in;
world-of-photonics.net.
ECOC 2012 (European Conference on
Optical Communications) (Sept. 16-20)
Amsterdam. Collocated with ESTC 2012
(Electronics Systems Integration Technology
Conference). Contact ECOC 2012 Secretariat,
+32 9 218 85 80; ecoc@medicongress.com;
www.ecoc2012.org.
Fifth International Conference on Singular
Optics (Sept. 16-21) Sevastopol, Ukraine.
Contact A. Volyar, Taurida National University,
Tel./Fax, +380 652 230 248; volyar@
crimea.edu; singular-optics.org.
15th European Microscopy Congress
(Sept. 16-21) Manchester, UK. Contact Royal
Microscopical Society, +44 1865 254 760;
general@emc2012.org.uk; www.emc2012.org.
SPRC 2012 Annual Symposium (Sept. 17-19)
Stanford, Calif. Contact Stanford Photonics
Research Center, +1 (650) 723-5627;
photonics@stanford.edu; photonics.stanford.
edu.
Metamaterials 2012: Sixth International
Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic
Materials in Microwaves and Optics
(Sept. 17-22) St. Petersburg, Russia. Contact
contact@congress2012.metamorphose-vi.org;
congress2012.metamorphose-vi.org.
SPIE Laser Damage 2012 (Sept. 23-26)
Boulder, Colo. Contact SPIE, +1 (360) 676-
3290; customerservice@spie.org; spie.org.
ICALEO, 31st International Congress on
Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics
(Sept. 23-27) Anaheim, Calif. Contact Laser
Institute of America, +1 (407) 380-1553;
icaleo@lia.org; www.icaleo.org.
IEEE Photonics Conference 2012
(Sept. 23-27) Burlingame, Calif. Contact Mary
S. Hendrickx, IEEE Photonics Society, +1 (732)
562-3897; m.hendrickx@ieee.org; www.ipc-
ieee.org.
SPIE Remote Sensing and SPIE Security
+ Defence (Sept. 24-27) Edinburgh, UK.
Contact SPIE, +1 (360) 676-3290; customer
service@spie.org; spie.org.
17th International School on Quantum
Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications
(Sept. 24-28) Nessebar, Bulgaria. Contact Irina
Bliznakova, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,
tel./fax: +359 2 974 5742; isqe.2012@
gmail.com; www.isqe2012.dir.bg.
EOS Annual Meeting 2012 (EOSAM 2012)
(Sept. 25-28) Aberdeen, UK. A European
Optical Society event. Contact EOS Events and
Services GmbH, +49 511 2788 115; aberdeen
@myeos.org; www.myeos.org.
OLEDs World Summit 2012 (Sept. 26-28)
San Francisco. Contact Brian Santos, Smithers
Apex (formerly IntertechPira), +1 (207) 781-
9618; bsantos@smithers.com; www.smithers
apex.com.
Seventh International Conference on
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
(LIBS 2012) (Sept. 29-Oct. 4) Luxor, Egypt.
HAPPENINGS
PAPERS
SPIE Smart Structures/NDE (March 10-14) San Diego
Deadline: abstracts, August 27
Researchers are encouraged to submit their latest findings to SPIE Smart Structures/Non-Destructive
Evaluation. Among the 10 conferences to be offered are Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and Systems;
Smart Sensor Phenomena, Technology, Networks and Systems Integration V; Health Monitoring of
Structural and Biological Systems VII; and Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Me-
chanical and Aerospace Systems. Contact SPIE, +1 (360) 676-3290; customerservice@spie.org;
spie.org.
Nanometa 2013 (January 3-6) Tirol, Austria
Deadline: submissions, October 1
The European Physical Society invites papers for its Fourth International Topical Meeting on Nano-
photonics and Metamaterials (Nanometa 2013). The conference will be organized in two oral
parallel sessions and will feature joint plenary and postdeadline sessions. Areas to be considered in-
clude metamaterials and metadevices; nanophotonics and nanobiophotonics; plasmonics and plasmo-
electronic devices; nanophotonic, hybrid and quantum materials; and localization of light and optical
superresolution. Contact European Physical Society, +33 3 89 32 94 42; conferences@eps.org;
www.nanometa.org.
ILSC (March 18-21) Orlando, Florida
Deadline: abstracts, October 3
The Laser Institute of America seeks submissions for oral and poster presentation at the 2013 Interna-
tional Laser Safety Conference (ILSC). Scientific sessions will address topics such as bioeffects, eye pro-
tection, outdoor lasers, control measures, practical laser safety, laser safety training, high-power laser
issues, hazard and risk assessment, nonbeam hazards and fume extraction, and safety standards leg-
islation from local to global. Contact Laser Institute of America, +1 (407) 380-1553; ilsc@lia.org;
www.lia.org/ilsc.
812Happenings_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:11 PM Page 79
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3567 5335; libs2012-niles.org.
22nd International Symposium on Optical
Memory (ISOM12) (Sept. 30-Oct. 4)
Tokyo. Contact ISOM12 Secretariat, c/o
Adthree Publishing Co. Ltd., +81 3 5925 2840;
secretary@isom.jp; www.isom.jp.
OCTOBER
FOAN 2012 (Fiber Optics in Access
Networks) (Oct. 3-5) St. Petersburg, Russia.
Contact Edvin kaljo, BH Telecom d.d.
Sarajevo, skaljo@bhtelecom.ba; www.foan2012.
com.ba.
23rd IEEE International Semiconductor
Laser Conference (ISLC) (Oct. 7-10)
San Diego. Contact Rose Ann Bankowski,
IEEE Photonics Society, +1 (732) 562-3898;
r.bankowski@ieee.org; www.islc-ieee.org.
International Congress on Space Optics
(ICSO) and International Conference on
Space Optical Systems and Applications
(ICSOS) (Oct. 9-12) Ajaccio, France.
Contact Carte Blanche, +33 5 63 72 30 68;
contact@icso2012.com; www.icso2012.com.
LEDs 2012 (Oct. 10-12) San Diego.
Contact Erin Morton, Smithers Apex, +1 (207)
781-9633; emorton@smithers.com; www.leds
conference.com.
IONS-12 Naples Conference
(Oct. 10-12) Naples, Italy. An event of IONS,
the International OSA (Optical Society)
Network of Students. Contact IONS Committee,
ions@fisica.unina.it; www.ions-project.org.
electronicAsia 2012 (Oct. 13-16)
Hong Kong. Contact MMI Asia Pte Ltd.,
+65 6236 0988; mmi_sg@mmiasia.com.sg;
electronicasia.com.
Neuroscience 2012 (Oct. 13-17)
New Orleans. Contact Society for Neuroscience,
+1 (202) 962-4000; info@sfn.org;
www.sfn.org.
2012 Student Leadership Conference
(Oct. 14) Rochester, N.Y. Contact Optical
Society of America, +1 (202) 223-8130;
info@osa.org; www.osa.org.
Frontiers in Optics 2012/Laser Science
XXVIII (Oct. 14-18) Rochester, N.Y.
Annual meetings of OSA and American
Physical Society/Division of Laser Science,
respectively. Contact Optical Society, +1 (202)
416-1907; custserv@osa.org; www.frontiers
inoptics.com.
22nd International Conference on
Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS-22)
(Oct. 15-19) Beijing. Contact general@ofs-
22.org; www.ofs-22.org.
Photonex 2012 (Oct. 17-18) Coventry, UK.
Contact Clare Roberts, XMark Media Ltd., +44
1372 750 555; info@enlightenmeetings.com;
www.photonex.org.
LIAs Lasers for Manufacturing Event
(LME 2012) (Oct. 23-24) Schaumburg, Ill.
Contact Laser Institute of America, +1 (407)
380-1553; lme@lia.org; www.lia.org/lmesd.
OPTO (Oct. 23-25) Paris. Contact Nadege
Venet, GL events Exhibitions, +33 1 44 31 82
57; nadege.venet@gl-events.com; www.opto
expo.com.
2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium
and Medical Imaging Conference
(2012 NSS/MIC) (Oct. 27-Nov. 3) Anaheim,
Calif. Contact Tom Lewellen, Imaging Research
Laboratory, University of Washington, +1 (206)
543-2365; tkldog@u.washington.edu.
www.nss-mic.org.
SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing
(Oct. 29-Nov. 1) Kyoto, Japan. Contact SPIE,
+1 (360) 676-3290; customerservice@spie.org;
spie.org.
80
h HAPPENINGS
Contact your sales representative at
(413) 499-0514 or sales@photonics.com
No other industry publication delivers readers
like Photonics Spectra does none!
October Content Focus: Manufacturing
Spotlight: Optics & Optics Fabrication
Sneak Preview: Society for Neuroscience
Annual Meeting
Bonus Circulation: Frontiers in Optics, Photonex,
OPTO 2012
Ad close: August 24, 2012
November Content Focus: Space
Spotlight: Lasers, Laser Accessories and
Light Sources
Photonics Showcase
Webinar: Space
Ad close: September 26, 2012
Support your print advertising schedule
with great digital opportunities.
Photonics Media webinars attract hundreds of
well-qualified attendees ask about sponsorships.
Advertise in Photonics Spectra
For complete listings, visit
www.photonics.com/calendar
812Happenings_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:11 PM Page 80
aa
ADVERTISER INDEX
Photonics Media Advertising Contacts
Please visit our website
Photonics.com/mediakit for all
our marketing opportunities.
Ken Tyburski
Director of Sales
Voice: +1 (413) 499-0514, Ext. 101
Fax: +1 (413) 443-0472
ken.tyburski@photonics.com
New England, Southeastern US, FL,
Midwest, Rocky Mountains, AZ & NM
Rebecca L. Pontier
Associate Director
Voice: +1 (413) 499-0514, Ext. 112
Fax: +1 (413) 443-0472
becky.pontier@photonics.com
NY, NJ & PA
Timothy A. Dupree
Regional Manager
Voice: +1 (413) 499-0514, Ext. 111
Fax: +1 (413) 443-0472
tim.dupree@photonics.com
Northern CA, AK, NV, Pacific Northwest,
Yukon & British Columbia
Joanne C. Gagnon
Regional Manager
Voice: +1 (413) 499-0514, Ext. 226
Fax: +1 (413) 443-0472
joanne.gagnon@photonics.com
Central CA, Southern CA & HI
Tracy L. Reynolds
Regional Manager
Voice: +1 (413) 499-0514, Ext. 104
Fax: +1 (413) 443-0472
tracy.reynolds@photonics.com
Eastern Canada
Maureen Riley Moriarty
Regional Manager
Voice: +1 (413) 499-0514, Ext. 229
Fax: +1 (413) 443-0472
riley.moriarty@photonics.com
Europe, Israel & South Central US
Owen Broch
Regional Manager
Voice: +1 (413) 499-0514, Ext. 108
Fax: +1 (413) 443-0472
owen.broch@photonics.com
Austria, Germany & Liechtenstein
Olaf Kortenhoff
Voice: +49 2241 1684777
Fax: +49 2241 1684776
olaf.kortenhoff@photonics.com
Asia (except Japan)
Hans Zhong
Voice: +86 755 2872 6973
Fax: +86 755 8474 4362
hans.zhong@yahoo.com.cn
Japan
Scott Shibasaki
Voice: +81 3 5225 6614
Fax: +81 3 5229 7253
s_shiba@optronics.co.jp
Reprint Services
Voice: +1 (413) 499-0514
Fax: +1 (413) 443-0472
editorial@photonics.com
Mailing addresses:
Send all contracts, insertion orders
and advertising copy to:
Laurin Publishing
PO Box 4949
Street address:
Laurin Publishing
Berkshire Common, 2 South St.
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Voice: +1 (413) 499-0514
Fax: +1 (413) 443-0472
a
Andor Technology plc. ...........68
www.andor.com
Applied Scientific
Instrumentation Inc. .............36
www.asiimaging.com
Argyle International Inc. .........78
www.argyleoptics.com
b
B&W Tek Inc. ........................13
www.bwtek.com
Bristol Instruments Inc. ......24, 67
www.bristol-inst.com
c
Coherent Inc. .............15, 40, 66
www.coherent.com
CVI Melles Griot ....................22
www.cvimellesgriot.com
d
Deposition Sciences Inc. ...........9
www.depsci.com
Diagnostic Instruments Inc. ......46
www.spotimaging.com
DiMaxx Technologies .............66
www.dimaxxtech.com
Diverse Optics Inc. .................72
www.diverseoptics.com
DRS Technologies Inc. ............21
www.drs.com
e
Edmund Optics .................28-29
www.edmundoptics.com
Esco Products Inc. ..................20
www.escoproducts.com
ET Enterprises/ADIT/
Electron Tubes .....................67
www.et-enterprises.com
Excelitas Technologies .........CV2
www.excelitas.com
Exciton Inc. ............................68
www.exciton.com
f
Fermionics
Opto-Technology ................14
www.fermionics.com
First Sensor Inc. .....................12
www.first-sensor.com
FLIR Systems Inc. ....................34
www.flir.com
4D Technology
Corporation ........................77
www.4dtechnology.com
h
HORIBA Scientific ..................49
www.picocomponents.com
ILX Lightwave Corp. ...............25
www.ilxlightwave.com
Incom Inc. .............................61
www.incomusa.com
Innovation Photonics ..............67
www.innpho.com
j
Julabo USA Inc. .....................66
www.julabo.com
l
L-3 Communications
Tinsley ................................31
www.asphere.com
Laser Institute of America .......76
www.icaleo.org
LightMachinery Inc. ..........18, 26
www.lightmachinery.com
m
Mad City Labs Inc. .................75
www.madcitylabs.com
Market Tech Inc. ....................67
www.markettechinc.net
Master Bond Inc. ...................78
www.masterbond.com
Meller Optics Inc. ..................75
www.melleroptics.com
Metrigraphics LLC ..................57
www.metrigraphicsllc.com
Moxtek Inc. ...........................38
www.moxtek.com
n
Newport
Corporation ...6, 8, 19, 33, 35
www.newport.com
Nova Sensors,
a Teledyne Majority
Owned Company ................54
www.novasensors.com
Novotech Inc. ........................65
www.novotech.net
NuSil Technology LLC ...............7
www.nusil.com
o
Ophir-Spiricon LLC ................68
www.ophiropt.com
p
PCO-TECH Inc. ......................51
www.pco-tech.com
Photonics Media ........68, 71, 80
www.photonics.com
PI (Physik Instrumente) L.P. ......66
www.pi.ws
Polymicro Technologies,
a Subsidiary of Molex .........39
www.polymicro.com
Power Technology Inc. .........CV3
www.powertechnology.com
Precision
Glass & Optics ....................27
www.pgo.com
Prior Scientific Inc. .................73
www.prior.com
r
Research
Electro-Optics Inc. ...............55
www.reoinc.com
Ross Optical Industries ...........60
www.rossoptical.com
s
Smithers Apex .......................69
www.ledsconference.com
Stanford Research
Systems Inc. ..........................3
www.thinksrs.com
Stanford University .................74
http://photonics.stanford.edu
Sutter Instrument ....................80
www.sutter.com
Swift Glass Co. Inc. ................36
www.swiftglass.com
Synopsys Inc. ........................11
www.synopsys.com
t
Terahertz
Technologies Inc. .................67
www.terahertztechnologies.com
Tohkai
Sangyo Co. Ltd. ..................73
www.peak.co.jp
TOPTICA
Photonics Inc. ................66, 68
www.toptica.com
TRIOPTICS GmbH ..................23
www.trioptics.com
v
Veeco Instruments Inc. ............45
www.veeco.com
z
Zygo Corp. .........................CV4
www.zygo.com
812AdIndex_Layout 1 7/20/12 10:56 AM Page 81
p PEREGRINATIONS
Photonics Bestsellers
That Never Were
The Girl with the Argon Tattoo
The Girl Who Played with Fiber
The Girl Who Kicked the Honeycomb Table
The Fellowship of the Ring Laser
The Hubble Games
Charlie and the Optics Factory
The Da Vinci Coating
James and the Giant Pechan Prism
The Lovely Boules
Harry Potter
and the Chamber of Vapor Deposition
Schrdingers Cat in the Hat
The Joy of Cloaking
Tuesdays with Maiman
Fifty Shades of Gray Scale
The Seven Habits
of Highly Reflective Prisms
Have your own novel ideas? Send them to me, and you
could see them in an upcoming issue!
Melinda A. Rose
melinda.rose@photonics.com
A
s we in the industry know, optics and photonics are vital to modern
life. But the reality is that many people are unaware of this fact.
So, to celebrate our second annual list issue, I wondered what a
bestsellers list might look like if photonics and pop culture collided.
812_Peregrinations_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:57 PM Page 82
You Are Not a Box
Your application is unique. Your laser needs are specific.
Why adapt to a standard off the shelf product?
We believe our customers are special. You deserve more than the contents of a
pre-determined box.
Over 90% of all our laser modules shipped are custom. Not just the high volume orders.
Our custom laser modules create more quality and value for your applications. We
can help you build a custom laser module that is unique to your needs.
So. You want to be special instead of a box?
We can help with that.
www.PowerTechnology.com/Custom
sales@powertechnology.com
501-407-0712
812_PowerTechnology_PgCVR3_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:27 PM Page CVR3
adaptive mirrors
coating ablation
MEMS sensor
machining marks
surface proflers
for applications that need
precision
1-800-ZYGO-NOWwww.zygo.com/swliprofiler@zygo.com
Zygo is the leading manufacturer of precision
metrology systems using interferometric techniques.
Contact us today about your non-contact
metrology requirements.
O
ptical flm character ization,
surface defect review, MEMs
topography inspection, machined
surface roughness. These, and a
wide range of other applications
that require precision metrology in
advanced manufacturing, require
interferometric precision.
Zygo, the leader in optical
interferometric surface
proflometry, is the trusted
source for 3D non-contact
surface measurements.
Zygos NewView 7000 series
proflers and its other 3D optical
proflers ofer the highest precision
surface measurements combined
with a comprehensive analysis
software package, supporting
hundreds of results.
Every measurement is completely
non contact, with vertical
resolution independent of the
feld of view. Zygos large selection
of objectives includes high
magnifcation, large feld of view,
and long working distances.
When surface applications
demand precision,
industry goes to Zygo
for solutions.
812_Zygo_PgCVR4_Layout 1 7/19/12 4:28 PM Page CVR4

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August / 2012

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