International Journal of Civil JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND INTERNATIONAL Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308

8 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)

ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), pp. 322-326 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.1861 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJCIET
IAEME

STUDIES ON RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE BY USING LOCAL QUARRY DUST AND RECYCLED AGGREGATES
Madan Mohan Reddy. K1*, Sivaramulu Naidu. D2, Sanjeeva Rayudu. E3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Srikalahasteeswara Institute of Technology, Srikalahasti, AP, India-517640, Email : madankreddy@gmail.com. 2 Senior Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, SVUCE, Tirupati, AP. 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, GPRCE, Kurnool, AP. * Corresponding Author
1

ABSTRACT In this paper the use of Quarry Dust (QD) and Recycled Aggregates (RA) use as an aggregate in the production of new concrete was investigated. The performance of compressive strength produced by Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) and results are compared with the Natural Coarse Aggregate Concrete (NAC). The QD is collected from the local stone quarry site and RA is collected from local demolished structure. The studies were conducted with an M20 mix with the selected w/c ratio: 0.5 and the development of compressive strength of the RAC and NAC at the age of 7 & 28 days were studied. The result shows the compressive strength of RAC is on average 86% of the NAC. This study, however, shows that the RAC specimen makes good quality concrete. Keywords: Quarry Dust (QD), Recycled Aggregates (RA), Natural Coarse Aggregates (NA), Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC), Natural Coarse Aggregate Concrete (NAC). INTRODUCTION Currently India has taken a major initiative in developing the infrastructures such as express highways, power projects and industrial structures etc., to meet the requirements of globalization, in the construction of buildings and other structures concrete plays the rightful role and a large quantum of concrete is being utilized. River sand, which is one of the constituents used in the production of conventional concrete, has become highly expensive and also scarce. In the backdrop of such a bleak atmosphere, there is large demand for alternative materials from industrial waste [1].

322

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

Researches have been conducted in different parts of the world, to study the effects of incorporation QD into concrete. [2] Studied the influence of the varying replacement proportion of sand with QD (20, 30 and 40%) on the properties of concrete in both fresh and hardened state [3]. When concrete pavements, structures, sidewalks, curbs, and gutters are removed, they become waste or can be processed for reuse. The resulting concrete must either be disposed of in landfills, or crushed for subsequent use as aggregate base material or as aggregate in new concrete. Crushing the material and using it as NA in new concrete makes sense because it reduces waste and reduces the need for NA [4]. The use of aggregates from construction and demolition waste in pavement beds is the most usual way of reusing this material. Even though considered as a valid reuse technique, it is not the best economic valorization of this resource and it is considered by many researchers to be a down-cycling process that depreciates the capacities of the material. But the production of structural concrete with RA, however, offers great potential and recycles the materials viably and effectively. [5] Etxeberria et al. [6] found concrete made with RA is less workable than conventional concrete. This is a result of the absorption capacity of recycled aggregate. This study found concrete made with RA and NA typically needs 5% more water than conventional concrete to obtain the same workability. Additional cement is needed for concrete made with 100% RA to achieve similar workability and compressive strength as NAC. The main aim of this research work is to utilise local QD and RA in for the production of new concrete as a RAC. It is essential to know whether the replacement of QD and RA are in concrete is inappropriate or acceptable. 2. MATERIALS 2.1 Cement Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 53 grade UltraTech conforming to IS:12269-1987 [7] was used. The physical properties of cement used were given in Table 1. Table 1. Physical Properties of Cement. Type of cement UltraTech OPC 53 Normal Specific Consistency Gravity (%) 3.09 33 Setting Time Compressive Strength in in minutes MPa Initial Final 3 days 7 days 28 days 48 240 25.5 36 53.5

323

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

2.2 Water Potable water conforming to IS: 3025-1964 [8] is used for mixing. 2.3 Aggregates Fine Aggregate (FA) material passing through an IS sieve that is less than 4.75mm gauge beyond which they are known as NA. According to IS 383:1970 [9] the FA is being classified into four different zones, that is Zone-I, Zone-II, Zone-III, Zone-IV. Also in the case of NAC maximum 20 mm NA is suitable for concrete work. The QD is collected from the local stone quarry site and RA was collected from local Construction and Demolition site in Srikalahasti town and collected RA were manually crushed up to the NA size (i.e. 20 mm). The Srikalahasti is a town on the banks of River Swarnamukhi, which is one of the holy centers in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh and its geographical coordinates are 1345'24.21504" North, 7942' 14.73804" East. The township is close to Tirupati and is a part of the Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA), AP, India. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Tests on physical properties are carried out on aggregates to determine the Specific Gravity, Water Absorption, Bulk Density, Moisture Content and Aggregate Crushing Value. The physical properties of FA, NA, QD and RA were presented in Table 2. Table 2. Physical Properties of FA, NA, QD and RA. S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aggregate properties Specific Gravity Water Absorption (%) Bulk Density (kg/m3) Moisture Content (%) Aggregate Impact Value (%) Fineness Modulus (%) FA 2.65 1.00 1460 1.50 3.53 NA 2.72 0.50 1475 1.80 16.25 4.50 QD 2.56 1.50 1365 5.40 3.81 RA 2.45 4.30 1398 3.50 25.3 4.50

From the above test result, the bulk density of QD and RA were lower than that of the FA and NA respectively. The specific gravity of QD and RA is lower than those of FA and NA because of the lower density and higher water absorption. The absorption and moisture content of RA are higher than those of NA because of the cement paste which adhered to the recycled aggregate is high in porosity. After testing, a mix design (M20) is designed with the Indian Standard Code guidelines IS: 10262:2009 [10]. The tests are carried out with the water-cement ratio of 0.5. A reference specimen with FA and NA and mix specimen with replacement of QD and RA were casted and cured for testing. Table 3 shows the mix proportions of reference specimen and mix specimen.

324

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

Table 3. The mix design (M20) proportions of reference specimen and mix specimen. Specimen Type Reference specimen (%) Mix specimen (%) W/c ratio 0.5 0.5 Cement 1.0 1.0 FA 1.77 NA QD 3.38 1.72 RA 3.23

Tests conducted on RAC and NAC concretes include the, dry density and compressive strength of hardened concrete. Compressive strength testing was performed in general accordance with ASTM C39, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens [11]. For the compressive strength, tests were conducted at the ages of 7 and 28 days and the results at each testing age are reported as an average.Table 4. Shows the test results of reference specimen and mix specimen. Table 4. The test results of test results of reference specimen and mix specimen. Specimen Type Reference specimen Mix specimen Dry density (Kg/m3) 2385.8 2216.4 Compressive strength (MPa) 7 days 28 days 18.20 25.50 13.20 21.95

Dry density of mix specimen is low because of QD and RA contains saturated surface and it absorbs moisture. The development of compressive strength of the Reference specimen and Mix specimen at the age of 7 days were 18.20Mpa and 13.20 MPa & 28 days were 25.5 Mpa and 21.95 Mpa respectively. The result shows the compressive strength of the mix specimen (Replacement of QD and RA) is on average 86% of the Reference specimen i.e NAC at an age of 28 days. 4. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that concrete can be successfully produced using QD and RA that have been produced from quarry site and demolition and construction waste respectively. Concrete produced by QD and RA does not perform as well as concretes produced by the FA and NA in terms of strength. However, the concrete still has a strength that would make it suitable for some applications.

REFERENCES [1] R. Ilangovana, N. Mahendrana and K. Nagamanib (2008), Strength and Durability Properties of Concrete Containing Quarry Rock Dust as Fine Aggregate, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 3(5), pp.20-26. [2] Galetakis M, Raka S (2004), Utilization of limestone dust for artificial stone production: an experimental approach. Miner. Eng., 17:355357.
325

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME

[3] Nevillie AM (2002), Properties of Concrete Fourth and Final Edition, Pearson Education Limited, Essex [4] Aggregates for Concrete, Developed by American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee E701, First Printing August 2007. [5] Jorge de Brito & Ricardo Robles (2010), Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) methodology for estimating its long-term properties, INDIAN J. ENG. MATER. SCI., pp.449-462. [6] M. Etxeberria, E. Vzquez, A. Mar and M. Barra (2007), Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates and production process on properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.37(5), pp.735742. [7] IS 12269:1987, Specification for 53 grade Ordinary Portland Cement, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. [8] IS 3025:1964, Methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water used in industry. [9] IS 383:1970, Specification for Coarse aggregate and Fine aggregate from Natural Sources for Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi. [10] IS 10262:2009, Concrete Mix Proportioning Guidelines, First Revision, July, 2009. [11] ASTM C39 (2003), Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical 4 Concrete Specimens. Annual Book of ASTM Standards 4.02. West Conshohocken, PA: 5 ASTM International.

326