WORD FORMATION Make nouns from the verbs given below by adding suitable suffixes: Protect protection Inform

m information Accept acceptance Prefer preference Develop development Manage management Require requirement Maintain maintenance

Different parts of speech like noun, verb, adjective and adverb are formed by the addition of a syllable mostly at the end of a word. The process of adding syllables is called affixing. The base word to which a syllable is affixed is called the root/stem. When a syllable or a word is affixed at the beginning of the root word, it is called a prefix. When we add it at the end of the base word, it is called a suffix. 1. Suffixes like -ant, -ator, -er, -ist, -or are added to form personal nouns. Immigrate Conduct Education immigrant conductor educationist Terminate Perform terminator performer

2. Suffixes like -ance, -ence, -ation, -ion, ism, -ment, -sion, -tion, -ty, -age, -ency can be used to form functional nouns. Refer Maintain Invest Tour Examine - reference - maintance - investment - tourism - examination immerse transparent cultivate secure bond - immersion - transparency - cultivation - security - bondage

3. Adjectives are formed by adding suffixes like -able, -al, -ative, -ical, -ing, -ive, -ory, -tic. Reason Develop Paralyze Environment - reasonable - developing - paralytic - environmental collect transit technology preserve - collective - transitory - technological - preservative

4. Adverbs are formed by the addition of -ally, -ly, or -lly to most of the adjectives. Verb Comprehend Communicate Develop Adjective comprehensible communicative developing/developed developmental Adverb comprehensibly communicatively developmentally

Exercise I. Form different parts of speech by adding suitable suffixes. Verb Experiment Conclude Noun Application Conclusion Extraction Labour Operation Industrialize Season Systematize Close Signify Vibration Inform Require Dispose Requirement Disposable Production Motivated speculate Simplification Reliable Stagnation Generate Restorative Systematic Adjective Applicable

Intensify

Laborious Intensive operative

Vibratory

II. a. Form nouns from adjectives able brief frequent wide active b. Form nouns from verbs acquaint allude practise oblige envelop c. Form verbs from nouns: list beauty furniture table friend d. Form verbs from adjectives long large perfect clean explanatory attractive valuable useful fertile practical fresh priority procurement hoarding pursuit repeat recognize install obey publish ecological pure maintainable destructive innovative

ANTONYMS Antonyms of words can be formed by adding negative prefixes like a, an, anti, counter, de, dis, il, im, in, ir, mis, non, un etc. Prefix a an anti counter de dis il im in ir mis non un a. Give the negative forms: appropriate nutrition centralize possible normal Meaning without/on without against contrary/in opposition to not not not not not not bad / unfavourable not not/reverse action rational productive logical destructible manage Example amoral/ afoot anarchy antibiotic counterpart debug disarm illogical immodest inefficient irrelevant misuse non-interference unreal / unlock

b. Change the following words into their opposites by adding suitable prefixes: ability violence fortune legal like regular moral suitable

c. Give antonyms of the following words by adding suitable negative prefixes: approve normal function forestation infect consistent nutrition mobile

legible conventional sufficient sophisticated social conductor balance pollution permeable generate reversible

handle relenting purity sensitive advantage relevant management intelligible repairable locate renewable

IV. Fill in the following blank spaces with the appropriate form of the word: Noun Chemistry Drama Environment Psychology Botany Sociology Astronomical Economist Politics Physical Technological Special Conservationist Linguistic Nature Diplomat Mechanical Industrialist Ecology Geneticist Scientific Physiologist History Adjective chemical dramatic Environmental Psychological Therapeutic Person concerned Chemist Dramatist Environmentalist Psychologist Botanist

V. Fill in the blanks with two forms of the nouns given, the first one referring to an action and the second one to a substance: Verb Noun 1 Noun 2 catalyse catalysis catalyst corrode corrosion corrosive advertise filter demonstrate conquer absorb indicate detonate print advise terminate consign magnify speculate violate program VI. Add suitable prefixes to the following words to match the meaning given against them: 1. Supersonic 2. Ultrasonic 3. Substandard 4. Hypertension 5. ----racial 6. ----practical 7. ----staff 8. ----function 9. ----value 10. ----little 11. ----number 12. ----power 13. ----sect 14. ----official having a speed greater than that of sound having a wavelength beyond the violet end of the spectrum not having the required or normal quality abnormal blood pressure a nation having many races of people not practical supplementing / supporting staff not working properly value something below the level make something or someone unimportant more than something give more power division within not official

15. ----market 16. ----spection 17. ----developed 18. ----natal 19. ----humanize 20. ----sonic

store where everything is available look into oneself a nation not fully developed existing before birth take away human qualities below the level of audibility

21. ----conductivity property having zero electrical resistance 22. ----embark 23. Fault---24. ----stand 25. ----impose 26. ----ficial 27. ----governing 28. ----bearable 29. ----national 30. ----mediate 31. ----lingual 32. ----thumbed 33. ----achieve 34. ----long 35. ----zero 36. ----sensitive 37. ----heat 38. ----balance 39. ----marine 40. ----orbital 41. ----paid 42. ----tropical leave aircraft without fault, accurate endure (something) without giving in an image placed over another image a first quick look at an object, situation autonomous that cannot be tolerated or endured operating across boundaries coming between two things, place, etc speaking two languages a book read often do better than expected cause to last longer less than zero excessively or abnormally sensitive heat before hand a weight balancing another brilliant deep blue situated above the orbit of the eye not earning enough (of regions) near but not in the tropics

43. ----venous 44. ----precious 45. ----way

in or into veins less valuable than a precious stone channel

VII. Give five words each using the following prefixes and suffixes. 1. Self self-help, self-sufficient, self-employment, self-esteem

2. Super supersonic, supernatural supermarket, superpower 3. Sub--4. Anti--5. By--6. ----ment 7. ----ance