Homework

3 1) Page 2-74 Derive the analytical solution for 1-D dispersion equation which is given as: G.E.: Ct+uCx=D2Cx2 I.C.:Cx,0=Mx B.C.: C,t=0 Cx,t=M4Dtexp(xut24Dt) x=xut, t=t xx=1, xt=u, tx=0, tt=1 Using chain rule: x=xxx+t tx=x1+t 0=x t=xxt+t tt=ux+t, Substituting into our governing equation: uCx=uCx ; Ct=uCx+Ct After the change of variables our problem becomes: Ct=D2Cx2 So, as we have preiously seen in this chapter, the solution to our problem is: Cx,t=M4Dtexpx24Dt as we have defined = : Cx,t=M4Dtexp(xut24Dt) 2) Page 2-82 Derive the analytical solution for 1-D dispersion equation which is given as: C0,t=C0, 0< < Cx,0=0, 0<x< C,t=0, 0< <

Cx,t=C02erfcxut4Dt+erfcx+ut4DtexpuxD We can define the inverse transform as Cx,t=L1F Fx,s=LC=0estCx,tdt=C LC=sLCCx,0=sCCx,0 sC+Cx,0+uCx=D2Cx2 D2Cx2 uCx Cx,0sC=0 as we know: Cx,0=0 I.C. D2us=0 =uu2+4Ds2D Cx,s=C1seu+u2+4Ds2Dx+C2seu+u2+4Ds2Dx, where uu2+4Ds2D<0 Applying the Boundary Conditions: limxCx,s= C1se+C2se=C1se=0 C1s=0 C0,s=C2se0=C2s=0estC0 dt=C0ests0=C0s C2s=C0s Then: Cx,s=C0seux2Du2+4Ds2DxAnd from the tables of Laplace Transformation: L1C=L1C0eux2D1seu2+4Ds2Dx=C02eux2Deux2Derfcxut4Dt+eux2Derfcx+ut4Dt L1C=C02erfcxut4Dt+eux2Derfcx+ut4Dt As a result:Cx,t=C02erfcxut4Dt+eux2Derfcx+ut4Dt b) Plot C vs. x for various values Pe of and t. We assume that C0=0.5 ppm, u = 0.5 1m/s, D=0.05 m2/s. And define Pclet Number as: We can easily obtain the following plots: = .

1,2
Pe=5

0,9

Pe=10 Pe=20

C (x, t)

0,6
Pe=30

0,3

0 0 1 2 x 3 4 5

 3.- Solutions for Mixing in Rivers: 2D - Instantaneous input We were told to obtain graphical contour plots of the 2-D instantaneous Input problems explained in class. 1) The first case was an instantaneous input in the right-bank of the river. The analytical solution of the problem was:
C=M4tDxDyexut24Dxtn=ey+2nW24Dyt, in our case we will use 7 terms, from n=3 to n=3 The contour plots obtained with Matlab are:

Figure 1: As the pollutant propagates:

Figure 2:

2) The second case was the same instantaneous input but this time in the centerline of the river. The analytical solution of the problem was: C=M4tDxDyexut24Dxtn=ey+2n12W24Dytagain we will use 7 terms.

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 4.- Solutions for Mixing in Rivers: 3D - Instantaneous input In class we studied 4 different situations of the problem and we were told to find the solution of 2 different positions where the pollutant may be dropped. 1) The first one was case E where the pollutant will be input in the centerline of the river and also would be a mid-depth input. The way of solving this problem is very similar to the ones that we learnt in class. First, we will use the product rule: = , , ,

C1=M14Dxtexut24Dxt, C2=n=M24Dytexut24Dxt
M1 e 4 Dx t

( x ut ) 2
4 Dx t

C1 =

C2 =

n =

M2 e 4 Dy t M2 e 4 Dz t M

2 W y +( 2n 1) 2 4 Dy t

C3 =

n =

2 d z +( 2n 1) 2 4 Dz t

C=

(4 t ) 2 Dx Dy Dz

( x ut ) 2
4 Dx t

n =

y +( 2n 1) W 2 z +( 2n 1) d 2 2 2 M2 4 Dy t 4 Dz t e e 4 Dy t

2) The first one was case F where the pollutant will be input in the centerline of the river and also would be a surface input.

C1 =

M1 e 4 Dx t

( x ut ) 2
4 Dx t

C2 =

n =

M2 e 4 Dy t

2 W y +( 2n 1) 2 4 Dy t

C3 =

n =

M2 e 4 Dz t

( z +( 2n 1) d ) 2
4 Dz t

C=

(4 t ) 2 Dx Dy Dz

( x ut )
4 Dx t

n =

y +( 2n 1) W 2 ( z +( 2n 1) d ) 2 2 M2 4 Dy t 4 Dz t e e 4 Dy t