u

Abstract -- Magnetic anisotropic motor, which is

designed so as to draw the magnetic anisotropy characteristic
of electrical steel to the maximum, is considered. GO steel is
divided into some pieces and arranged in the stator core so as
that main magnetic flux flows to follow the easy magnetization
direction of GO steel. Through the parameter study to design
the geometry of divided stator core by two-dimensional
electromagnetic field analysis, iron loss reduction of 43%
maximum is designed in comparison with the one of the
conventional NO motor. In order to connect the teeth part and
the yoke part mechanically, lapping connection is selected for
realistic design for manufacturing even though the iron loss a
little increases.

Index Terms-- AC motors, magnetic anisotropy, magnetic
cores, magnetic losses

I. INTRODUCTION
HERE are urgent needs to improve an efficiency of
electrical motors for the purpose of realizing
environmentally-friendly society. Interior Permanent-
Magnetic Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) is expected to be a
highly efficient motor as a driving source of electrical
vehicle. Though research and development of motors
should put importance on downsizing and high efficiency,
it is hardly to say that previous studies have focused on
significant iron loss reduction.
Usually, non-oriented (NO) steel is used for the stator
core of electrical motor, because magnetic flux flows in any
direction in the stator core and one-punching
manufacturing is easy to make. However, NO steel is not
the best material that utilizes the magnetic characteristic of
iron [1].
Fig. 1 shows the magnetic characteristics of NO steel
and grain-oriented (GO) steel [3-4]. GO steel has strong
magnetic anisotropy, that is, different magnetic
characteristics depending on an angle of . The is an
angle between magnetic flux density and easy
magnetization direction as shown in Fig. 2. In B-H curve
(B: magnetic flux density, H: magnetic field), the magnetic
field has a different value between NO steel and GO steel;
NO is H = 1400 A/m and GO is H = 17 A/m when B = 1.5
T. It means that NO steel is necessary for larger current to
make magnetic flux density in core than GO steel. In B-W
curve (W: iron loss), the iron loss also has a different value
between NO steel and GO steel; NO is W = 2.0 W/kg and
GO (easy magnetization axis direction, =0) is W = 0.9

u
Some of this work received financial support of Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.
Keisuke Fujisaki is with Toyota Technological Institute, Hisakata 2-
12-1, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya-city, 468-8511, Japan. (e-mail:
fujisaki@toyota-ti.ac.jp)
Kohei Fujitani is with the department of engineering, Toyota
Technological Institute, Hisakata 2-12-1, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya-city, 468-
8511, Japan. (e-mail: sd12438@toyota-ti.ac.jp)

W/kg when B = 1.5 T. It means that half iron loss is
possible to realize if all the magnetic flux in the core flows
only in easy magnetization direction.
Therefore, we propose a new type of electrical motor
named magnetic anisotropic motor as shown in Fig. 3.
Only substituting GO steel for NO steel is difficult to
reduce iron loss because of the strong magnetic anisotropy
of GO steel. Then GO steel is divided into some steel
pieces and is arranged so as that the main magnetic flux
flows to follow the easy magnetization direction in the core.
Some research works are reported where GO steel is
applied to electrical motor. In [5], one-punched GO steel is
applied to the core to avoid the manufacturing problem.
However, magnetic flux is possible to flow in hard
magnetization direction and the iron loss reduction is not so
expected. In [6], GO steel is divided into some pieces.
However, yoke part and teeth part is not separated and then
iron loss reduction is no so expected. In [7], GO steel is
divided into some pieces and each piece is arranged so as
that magnetic flux flow to follow the easy magnetization
direction. However, the shape of divided GO steel piece is
not necessarily appropriate especially in T-joint part, and
the calculation method presumes that the magnetic
characteristic of GO steel is isotropy. They have a problem
in stator core structure and magnetic calculation method.
The magnetic anisotropic motor is possible to solve the
problem. In the previous work [8], it was evaluated by two-
dimensional magnetic, which is taken into account for
magnetic anisotropy. High performance motor
characteristics as low iron loss and increase of
electromagnetic torque were obtained. However, the
detailed shape of the motor core was not enough researched,
and the connection method between teeth part and yoke
part was not clearly explained. Therefore, to solve these
problems, electromagnetic field numerical calculation is
performed and the results are shown in this paper.

0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0.1 10 1000 100000
M
a
g
n
e
t
i
c

F
l
u
x

D
e
n
s
i
t
y
(
T
)
Magnetic Field (A/m)
35H210
35ZH115 =0
35ZH115 =90

(a) B-H curve

Design of Stator Core Shape of Magnetic
Anisotropic Motor
Keisuke Fujisaki and Kohei Fujitani
T
978-1-4673-0141-1/12/$26.00 2012 IEEE
181


0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
I
r
o
n

l
o
s
s

(
W
/
k
g
)
Magnetic Flux Density (T)
35H210
35ZH115 =0
35ZH115 =22.5
35ZH115 =45
35ZH115 =67.5

(b) B-W curve
Fig. 1. Magnetic characteristics of NO steel (35H210) and GO steel
(35ZH115).
Transverse direction
Easy magnetization direction
Magnetic flux density vector
B

Fig. 2. Definition of angle.


Fig. 3. Magnetic anisotropic motor.
II. ANALYTICAL METHOD
A. Model of Magnetic Anisotropic Motor
Analytical model of Magnetic Anisotropic Motor is
12-slot 8-pole concentrated winding Interior Permanent
Magnet motor (IPM motor) [9] as shown in Fig. 4. The
specification is shown in Table I as an original motor. In
the parameter study described in later, this specification is a
nominal value when each parameter changes.
The rotor core is made of NO steel (35H210) and the
stator core is composed of GO steel (35ZH115). The
divided GO pieces consist of teeth part and yoke part; the
easy magnetization direction of the teeth part is arranged in
a radial direction, and the one of the yoke part is arranged
in a rotating direction. Then the main magnetic flux flows
to follow the easy magnetization direction in each part.
B. Material Characteristics
Thickness of NO and GO steel plate is selected to be
the same as 0.35 mm. GO steel and NO steel are selected so
as that the iron loss of NO steel is twice larger than the one
of GO steel. Magnetic characteristics as magnetization and
iron loss are shown in Fig. 1.
NO steel is treated so as to be magnetic isotropy, and
GO steel is treated so as to be magnetic anisotropy. To
express the magnetic anisotropy, the degree is introduced
as defined in Fig. 2. The =0 means that the magnetic flux
density vector is directed to easy magnetization direction,
and the =90 means that the flux vector is directed to
transverse direction.
For comparison, NO steel is also applied to the stator
core which is the same shape as the original motor shown
in Table I and is the same material as the rotor core. NO
steel in the stator core is used as one without dividing.

Fig. 4. Analytical model of magnetic anisotropic motor.

TABLE I
SPECIFICATIONS OF ANALYTICAL MAGNETIC ANISOTROPIC MOTOR
(ORIGINAL MOTOR)
-
-
Rso
Rsi
WY
WT
Rr
G
WPM
Bm
-
-
f
Teeth Width
10.1 mm
Radius of rotor
38.1 mm
64 mm
Radius of stator core (inside)
38.6 mm
Yoke Width
10.0 mm
Winding method
Concentrted
Frequency
50Hz
Excitation current
Clearance between stator and rotor
0.5 mm
PM (Permanent Magnet) width
20 mm
PM Residual magnetization
1.5 T
20 Atrms equiv.
Pole number
8
Slot number
12
Radius of stator core (outside)

C. Electromagnetic Field Analysis
The static magnetic field finite element analysis with A
method [10] is used for the design of magnetic anisotropic
motor. Eddy current and displacement current are ignored
here. The formula of two-dimensional electromagnetic field
to be solved is expressed as follows:
0
J
y
A
y x
A
x
x y
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
c
c
+ |
.
|

\
|
c
c
c
c
v v (1).
Here,
x
and
y
are the magnetic reluctance, A is the z-way
vector potential, J
0
is the forced current density. Transient
analysis is used, where one period is divided into 256.
Two-axis calculation model is used for magnetic
anisotropy. Magnetic flux density vector is divided into an
easy magnetization ingredient and a transverse ingredient.
The former is calculated to converge to become an easy
magnetization magnetic characteristic, and the latter is to be
a transverse magnetic characteristics in Fig. 1 (a).
Iron loss is calculated based on B-W curve shown in
Fig.1 (b) with considering . The at maximum magnetic
flux density vector in one period is considered for each
mesh in finite element method and is applied to the B-W
curve in Fig. 1 (b). Then iron loss for each mesh is obtained.
Electromagnetic torque is calculated by using Maxell
stress equation [11], where magnetic flux density
distribution in air gap between the stator and the rotor is
used.
T-joint part
R
SO

W
Y

W
t

R
SO

W
PM
Stator core
Steel piece
Easy magnetization
direction
Rotor
Permanent
magnet
182



Fig. 5. Design parameters of stator core for magnetic anisotropic motor.

TABLE II
DESIGN PARAMETERS AND THEIR RANGE USED HERE
Symbol
WY
RI

t
y
Easy Axis Setting Angle t -10(deg) +10 (deg)
Easy Axis Setting Angle y -10(deg) +10 (deg)
Tip Angle -90(deg) 24 (deg)
Tip Angle 0(deg) 15 (deg)
Insert Angle 59(deg) 121 (deg)
Design Particular Range
Yoke Width 5(mm) 15(mm)
Insertion Ratio 48() 170()



(a) Lamination with the same shape (=90 deg, no lapping area)

(b) Lamination with the different shape ( is different, lapping area)
Fig. 6. Lapping area existence by insertion angle in lamination direction.
D. Design Parameter
Parameters to design the stator shape of magnetic
anisotropic motor are shown in Fig. 5 and their number is
counted to be 9. Among them, 7 parameters are evaluated
here by numerical calculation. Their range to be considered
is shown in Table II.
To design the piece shape at T-joint part in Fig. 4 (a),
design parameters as insertion ratio and insertion angle are
introduced. They are required to design the magnetic
anisotropic motor because of the peace separation between
the teeth part and the yoke part. The insertion ratio is
defined as the next equation.

100
) (W Width Yoke
) (L Length Insert
) ( Ratio Insertion
Y
I
=
(2).
When insertion ratio is 100, T-joint shape is like Fig. 5,
where the tip of teeth part is in the outer diameter line of
the stator core. When insertion ratio is less than 100, T-
joint shape is like Fig. 4(a), where the tip part is inside the
outer diameter.
Insertion angle is introduced to evaluate the lapping area
with the front piece and the back piece as shown in Fig. 6.
Because the yoke part and teeth part are separated in the
magnetic anisotropic motor, the mechanical connection
between the yoke part and teeth part is very important.
When insertion angle = 90 deg as shown in Fig. 6 (a),
yoke part and teeth part arranged in the lamination direction
are the same shape. The mechanical connection force might
be small, because it is considered to be a line connection.
When insertion angle is not 90 deg, different shape
arrangement of yoke part and teeth part in the lamination
direction is possible as shown in Fig. 6 (b). Then there is a
lapping area between the front peace and the back peace.
The surface connection is possible in the lapping area and
the mechanical connection force becomes strong. Therefore,
the decision of the insertion angle is important for
manufacturing this type of motor.
Easy axis setting angles of
t
and
y
are also considered
in this numerical calculation. They are possible to select in
manufacturing the GO pieces from the GO steel sheet.
III. ANALYTICAL RESULTS
A. Comparisons of GO and NO motor
Numerical calculation results in Table I condition
(original motor) are shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Table III.
Magnetic anisotropic motor as well as NO united core is
also shown for comparison.
Fig. 7 shows distribution of conventional NO motor, and
Fig. 8 shows the one of magnetic anisotropic motor. In
comparison with conventional NO motor, iron loss of
magnetic anisotropic motor (GO steel) is reduced by 33%,
because of the difference of magnetic property. GO steel is
so easy to magnetize in low iron loss that magnetic flux and
electromagnetic torque are increased.


(a) Magnetic flux density (b) Iron loss.

Fig. 7. Distribution of conventional NO motor.


(a) Magnetic flux density (b) Iron loss.

Fig. 8. Distribution of magnet anisotropic motor with GO steel (Original).

0 0 2.75T
3.0W
0 0 2.75T
3.0W
Lamination direction
Line connection
Teeth part
Yoke part
Back piece
Front piece
183


TABLE III
MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGNETIC ANISOTROPIC MOTOR AND
CONVENTIONAL MOTOR (CALCULATION RESULTS)
Electromagnetic
Torque
Iron Loss
Original Anisotropic motor 10.98 Nm/m 9.98 W
Conventional motor 10.54 Nm/m 15.0 W


B. Parameter Study
As for the 7 parameters of the motor core shown in Table
II, parameter study is performed by numerical calculation.
In the parameter study, iron loss and electromagnetic torque
is evaluated.
1) Yoke Width W
Y

Fig. 9 shows yoke width characteristics in changing from
5 mm to 15 mm. Iron loss expressed in figures is total iron
loss of stator core, because surface of stator core often
changes in parameters study. Lamination length assumed to
be 1 m. Electromagnetic torque expressed in figures is
shown in the condition that the lamination length is 1 m.
It can be seen that the broadened yoke makes iron loss
reduce. This is because magnetic flux in the motor core is
spread over a wide area and magnetic flux density becomes
small, and iron loss is reduced.
The lowest iron loss condition as W
Y
=15 mm in Fig. 9 is
defined as Type A and its magnetic flux density and iron
loss distribution is shown in Fig. 10. In comparison with
Figs. 7 and 8, magnetic flux density in yoke part becomes
small and its iron loss also becomes small.
Electromagnetic torque is almost constant in changing
yoke width.

10.0
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
11.0
11.2
11.4
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
5 7 9 11 13 15
Iron Loss
Torque
Yoke Width (mm)
T
o
r
q
u
e
(
N
m
/
m
) I
r
o
n

L
o
s
s

(
W
)
Type A

Fig. 9. Iron loss and torque of each yoke width.


(a) Magnetic flux density (b) Iron loss.

Fig. 10. Distribution in Type A (Yoke Width 15mm).
2) Insertion Ratio R
I

Fig. 11 shows insertion ratio characteristics in changing
from 48 % to 170 %. It shows that the optimal point as R
I
=
110 % exists. When magnetic flux density distribution in
the stator core is observed, it is found that low R
I
makes
magnetic flux concentrated on the inner side of yoke as
shown in Fig. 8 (a), though high R
I
causes increment of
magnetic flux on the outer side of yoke as shown in Fig. 12.
The lowest iron loss condition as R
I
= 110 % in Fig. 11 is
defined as Type B, and its magnetic flux density and iron
loss distribution is shown in Fig. 13. In comparison with
Figs. 7 and 8, magnetic flux density distribution in yoke
part becomes uniform and its iron loss also becomes small.
Electromagnetic torque is almost constant in changing
insertion ratio.

10
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
11
11.2
11.4
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
48.0 68.0 88.0 108.0 128.0 148.0 168.0
Iron Loss
Torque
I
r
o
n

L
o
s
s

(
W
)
Insetion Ratio ()
T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
/
m
)
Type B

Fig. 11. Iron loss and torque of each insertion ratio.


(a) Magnetic flux density (b) Iron loss.

Fig. 12. Distribution in insertion Ratio = 170%.


(a) Magnetic flux density (b) Iron loss.

Fig. 13. Distribution in Type B (Insertion Ratio 110%).
3) Tip Angle and
Figs. 14 and 15 show tip angle and characteristics
respectively. As observed for Fig. 8 (a), iron losses are
concentrated at tip of the teeth. So to avoid the
concentration at the tip, parameter study of tip angle is
performed.
Electromagnetic torque increases when is positive,
though the iron loss also increases. Magnetic flux in the air
increases
0 0 2.75T
3.0W
0 0 2.75T
3.0W
0 0 2.75T
3.0W
184


However, air gap between rotor and stator is expanded
when becomes minus and becomes large. So, torque is
decreased with expanse of gap, and iron loss is also
decreased. To evaluate iron loss characteristic, the ratio of
iron loss reduction between the magnetic anisotropic motor
and the conventional NO motor is introduced. Improvement
ratio is defined as the next equation and its characteristic is
shown in Fig. 16.
100 1 Im
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
alNOmotor Convention IronLossof
otor isotropicM MagneticAn IronLossof
aio provementR
(3).
The maximum improvement ratio of iron loss is 43% in
= 7.49 deg. Then this condition is defined as Type C.
The magnetic flux density and iron loss distribution of
Type C is shown in Fig. 17. In comparison with Fig. 8,
concentrated magnetic flux density at tip of the teeth
becomes vanished and its concentrated iron loss also
becomes vanished.

0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40
Iron Loss
Torque
Tip Angle ()
T
o
r
q
u
e
(
N
m
/
m
)
I
r
o
n

L
o
s
s

(
W
)

Fig. 14. Iron loss and torque of each tip angle

0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0 5 10 15
Iron Loss
Torque
I
r
o
n

L
o
s
s

(
W
)
T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
/
m
)
Tip Angle (deg)
Type C
I
r
o
n

L
o
s
s

(
W
)
T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
/
m
)
Tip Angle (deg)

Fig. 15. Iron loss and torque of each tip angle .

43.0()
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
R
a
t
i
o

(
%
)
Tip Angle (deg)

Fig.16.Improvement ratio of iron loss for each tip angle .

(a) Magnetic flux density (b) Iron loss.

Fig. 17. Distribution in Type C (=7.49 deg).
4) Easy Axis Setting Angle
t
and
y

Figs. 18 and 19 show easy axis setting angle
t
and
y
characteristics in changing from 10 deg to +10 deg.
Anticlockwise rotation from 0 degree line (dotted line
shown in Fig. 5) of
t
and
y
is defined to be positive. In
observing Figs. 18 and 19, it is found that the condition of

t
= 0 deg

and
y
= 0 deg is the lowest of iron loss. Easy axis
setting angle does not much influence of iron loss reduction.

10
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
11
11.2
11.4
9.4
9.6
9.8
10
10.2
10.4
10.6
10 5 0 5 10
Iron Loss
Torque

t
(deg)
I
r
o
n
L
o
s
s
(
W
)
T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
/
m
)

Fig. 18. Iron loss and torque of each easy axis setting angle
t.
(
y
= 0 ).

10
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
11
11.2
11.4
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10 5 0 5 10
Iron Loss
Torque

y
(deg)
I
r
o
n
L
o
s
s
(
W
) T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
/
m
)

Fig. 19. Iron loss and torque of each easy axis setting angle
y.
(
t
= 0 ).
5) Insert Angle
Fig. 20 shows insertion angle characteristics in
changing from 10 deg to +10 deg. The condition of =
90 deg is the lowest iron loss. This means that iron loss
increases when the lapping connctoin between the teeth
part and yoke part as shown in Fig. 6 is considered.
However, the lapping connection is an indispendasble
technique for the magnetic anisotropic motor. Therefore,
the condiion of insert angle = 59 deg, defined as Type D,
is picked up as a motor design possible to manufacture,
though it increases the iron loss.
0 0 2.75T
3.0W
185


The magnetic flux density and iron loss distribution of
Type D is shown in Fig. 21. In comparison with Fig. 8,
large magnetic flux density at top left of the teeth part in T-
joint part is observed and iron loss at that part becomes
large. However, lapping area between the front and the
back is possible to exist.
Since the geometry of the stator core piece changes
from the initioal condition as Table I, the other parameter
study, especially easy axis setting angle
y
, is necessary to
evaluate. Fig. 22 shows easy axis setting angle
y
characteristics in the condition as insert angle = 59 deg.
The lowest iron loss condition is
y
= 27 deg, which is
different from Fig. 19, because the insert angle is different.
The condition as = 59 deg and
y
= 27 deg is defined as
Type E.
The magnetic flux density and iron loss distribution of
Type E is shown in Fig. 23. In comparison with Fig. 21,
magnetic flux density distribution in yoke part becomes
uniform and its iron loss distribution also becomes uniform.
The iron loss of Type E decreases because of the uniform
magnetic flux density distribution.

10
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
11
11.2
11.4
9.4
9.6
9.8
10
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
58.00 78.00 98.00 118.00
Iron Loss
Torque
(deg)
I
r
o
n
L
o
s
s
(
W
) T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
/
m
)
Type D

Fig. 20. Iron loss and torque of each insertion angle .


(a) Magnetic flux density (b) Iron loss.

Fig. 21. Distribution in Type D (=59 deg,
y
=0 deg).

10
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
11
11.2
11.4
9.6
9.8
10
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
11
11.2
15 5 5 15 25
Iron Loss
Torque

y
(deg)
I
r
o
n
L
o
s
s
(
W
)
T
o
r
q
u
e

(
N
m
/
m
)
Type E

Fig. 22. Iron loss and torque of each
y
at insert angle = 59.

(a) Magnetic flux density (b) Iron loss.

Fig. 23. Distribution in Type E (=59 deg,
y
=27 deg).

IV. DISCUSSION
Through the parameter study, the design of magnetic
anisotropic motor is considered. The evaluation parameter
is iron loss and electromagnetic torque. Then, 3 conditions
as minimum iron loss, maximum electromagnetic torque
and considerable best design are discussed here.
A. Minimum Iron Loss Design
Through the parameter study, minimum iron loss design
is considered to be Type C, which is 43 % reduction of the
iron loss compared to the same shape of conventional NO
motor.
The design parameters of Type C is shown in Table IV.
The iron loss at tip part of the teeth is vanished by cutting
the teeth tip. However, the electromagnetic torque is also
decreased because of large clearance at the tip part.
Even if the minimum iron loss design is used, it is not
improved as the materials properties as shown in Fig. 1.
The reason is considered to be that all magnetic flux
density vector is not directed to easy magnetization
direction and magnetic flux density is distributed.

TABLE IV
PARAMETERS OF MINIMUM IRON LOSS DESIGN (TYPE C)
Easy Axis Setting Angle t
0 (deg)
Easy Axis Setting Angle y
0 (deg)
Iron Loss Varue(W) 7.45(W)
Torque(Nm/m) 9.88(Nm/m)
Yoke Width 10 (mm)
Inssertion Ratio 100 ()
Tip Angle
Tip Angle 7.39 (deg)
Insert Angle 90 (deg)
Design Particular value


B. Maximum Electromagnetic Torque Design
The maximum electromagnetic torque is designed by
changing the tip angle shown in Fig. 14. Its value is 11.19
Nm/m and 2 % higher than the original one. Table V
describes the parameter values of maximum
electromagnetic torque design. Because of large magnetic
anisotropy of GO steel, leakage magnetic flux between the
teeth tips is considered to be decreased.
As shown in Figs.9, 11, 18 and 20, even though iron
loss value is different for a lot of design conditions, the
electromagnetic torque value is almost the same.
Torque value is determined by magnetic flux in the air
between the stator and the rotor. The magnetic flux is
0 0 2.75T
3.0W
0 0 2.75T
3.0W
186


decided by magnetic reluctance of the motor when supplied
current is the same. The magnetic reluctance of the motor
depends on the one of the air, and is not almost influenced
on by the magnetic characteristics of the stator core. Then
the variation of T-joint condition makes hardly influence on
the magnetic reluctance and the electromagnetic torque,
when the stator core has the same shape.

TABLE V
PARAMETERS OF MAXIMUM ELECTROMAGNETIC TORQUE DESIGN
Insert Angle 90 (deg)
Easy Axis Setting Angle t
0 (deg)
Easy Axis Setting Angle y
0 (deg)
Iron Loss Varue(W) 10.29(W)
Torque(Nm/m) 11.19(Nm/m)
Design Particular value
Yoke Width 10 (mm)
Inssertion Ratio 100 ()
Tip Angle 24.4 (deg)
Tip Angle


C. Realistic Design for Manufacturing.
The connction between the teeth part and the yoke part
is indispensable for magnetic anisotropic motor. So the
lapping connection shown in Fig. 6 is necessary. Through
the parameter study of insert angle, Type E is considered to
be a realistic design to reduce the iron loss.
The design parameters of Type E is shown in Table VI.
The iron loss is a little larger than the one of the minimum
iron loss design and the electromagnetic torque is a little
smaller than the one of the maximum torque design. This
designed motor is possble to manufacture and the iron loss
is a little smaller than the one of the original.

TABLE VI
PARAMETERS OF REALISTIC DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING (TYPE E)
Insert Angle 59 (deg)
Easy Axis Setting Angle t
0 (deg)
Easy Axis Setting Angle y
27 (deg)
Iron Loss Varue(W) 9.80(W)
Torque(Nm/m) 10.96(Nm/m)
Design Particular value
Yoke Width 10 (mm)
Inssertion Ratio 100 ()
Tip Angle
Tip Angle


V. CONCLUSIONS
Magnetic anisotropic motor, which is designed so as to
draw the magnetic anisotropy characteristic of electrical
steel to the maximum, is considered. Through the parameter
study by two-dimensional numerical electromagnetic field
calculation, 3 conditions as minimum iron loss, maximum
electromagnetic torque and considerable best design are
shown.
The iron loss reduction of 43% maximum is designed in
comparison with the one of the conventional NO motor.
The maximum electromagnetic torque design shows 2 %
higher torque than the original one. In order to connect the
teeth part and the yoke part, lapping connection is selected
for realistic design for manufacturing even though the iron
loss a little increases. To manufature the magnetic
anisotropic motor and to evaluate the iron loss and
electromagnetic torque are now considered for a future
work.
REFERENCES
[1] K. Honda and S. Kaya, On magnetization of single crystals of
iron,Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., vol. 15, p. 721, 1926.
[2] N. P. Goss, Electrical sheet and method and apparatus for its
manufacture and test, U.S. Patent 1965559, 1934.
[3] S. Taguchi, T. Yamamoto, and A. Sakakura, New grain-oriented
silicon steel with high permeability ORIENTCORE HI-B, IEEE
Trans. Magn., vol. 10, pp. 123127, 1974.
[4] K. Fujisaki, T. Tamaki, Three-dimensional Polycrystal Magnetic
Field Analysis of Thin Steel, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 45, pp.687-
693, 2009.
[5] S. Lopez, B. Cassoret, J. F. Brudny, L. Lefebvre, J.N. Vincent,
Grain Oriented Steel Assembly Characterization for the
Development of High Efficiency AC Rotating Electrical Machines,
IEEE Tran. Magn., Vol.45, No10, pp. 4161-4164, 2009.
[6] Y. Matsuo, T. Higuchi, T. Abe, Y. Miyamoto, M. Ohto,
Characteristics of a novel segment type switched reluctance motor
using grain-oriented electric steel, Int. Conf. Electrical Machines
and Systems (ICEMS), 2011.
[7] Y. Enomoto, M. Kitamura, T. Sakai, K. Ohara, A Way to Select
Electrical Sheets of the Segment Stator Core Motors, IEEJ Trans. IA,
vol.124, No.10, pp.1010 1016, 2004.
[8] K. Fujisaki, Iron Loss Characteristics of Magnetic Anisotropic
Motor , Annual Mtg. IEEJ, 5-030,2011.
[9] Y. Takeda, N .Matsui, S. Morimoto, Y. Honda, Design and control
of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, Ohmsya, Tokyo,
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[10] T. Nakata, N. Takahashi, Finite element method in electromagnetic
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Keisuke Fujisaki was born in November 18, 1958. He received B. of Eng.,
M. Eng., and Dr. Eng. degrees in electronics engineering from the Faculty
of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, in 1981, 1983,
and 1986, respectively. From 1986, he was in Nippon Steel Corporation.
Since 2010, he has been a professor of Toyota Technological Institute. His
current scientific interests are magnetic multi-scale and electromagnetic
multi-physics, including electrical motor, electromagnetic material
processing and electrical steel. In 20022003, he was a Visiting Professor
at Ohita University. In 2003-2009, he was a Visiting Professor at Tohoku
University. Dr. Fujisaki received the Outstanding Prize Paper Award at the
Metal Industry Committee sessions of the 2002 IEEE Industry
Applications Society Annual Meeting.
Kohei Fujitani was born in Kyoto, Japan, in 1990. He received the B. of
Eng. degree from Toyota Technological Institute, Aichi, Japan, in 2012.
Now he is a master course graduate student of Graduate School of
Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute. His current scientific
interests are electrical motor design based on magnetic anisotropy and
numerical electromagnetic field calculation.

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