Chapter 23

Magnetic Flux and Faradays Law of Induction

Dr. Jie Zou

PHY 1161

Outline
Experimental observations of magnetic induction Explanation for magnetic induction Magnetic flux Faradays law of induction A Real World Application: A Dynamic Microphone
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Faradays Experiment on Magnetic Induction

Michael Faradays experimental observations:
An emf is induced in the secondary circuit when the switch in the primary circuit is changed from open to closed or from closed to open. The induced emf produces a current in the secondary circuit as detected by the ammeter. If the current in the primary circuit does not change (for example, when the switch remains closed), there is no induced current in the secondary circuit.
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Classroom Demonstration of Induced emf

Induced current produced by a moving magnet.

(a) Magnet moves toward the coil, induced current flows in one direction. (b) Magnet is held still, no induced current. (c) Magnetic moves away from the coil, induced current flows in the other direction.
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Explanation for Magnetic Induction

An emf is induced in a coil when the magnetic flux through it changes with time. Magnetic flux: a measure of the number of magnetic field lines that cross a given area. Definition of magnetic flux, :
= (B cos)A = BA cos Special cases: = 0 and 90 B: the magnetic field. A: the area. : the angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the surface. SI units: Tm2 = weber (Wb) A change in any of the following: B, A, and (or) , results in a change in the magnetic flux.
PHY 1161

Dr. Jie Zou

Example 23-1
Consider a circular loop with a 2.50-cm radius in a constant magnetic field of 0.625 T. Find the magnetic flux through this loop when its normal makes an angle of (a) 0, (b) 30.0, (c) 60.0, and (d) 90.0 with the direction of the magnetic field B.
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Faradays Law of Induction

Faradays law of induction:
= N
( initial ) = N final t t N: the number of loops in a coil. The induced emf is proportional to the rate at which the magnetic flux changes with time, i.e., /t. The - indicates that the induced emf opposes the changes in the magnetic flux.

Example 23-2: A bar magnet is moved rapidly toward a 40-turn, circular coil of wire. As the magnet moves, the average value of B cos over the area of the coil increases from 0.0125 T to 0.450 T in 0.250 s. If the radius of the coil is 3.05 cm, and the resistance of its wire is 3.55 , find the magnitude of (a) the induced emf and (b) the induced current.
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A Real World Application: A Dynamic Microphone

Dr. Jie Zou

PHY 1161

Homework #9
Chapter 23, P. 778, Problems: #2, 5, 9, 14.

Dr. Jie Zou

PHY 1161