{The Earth at Risk}

[Unit 4]

Vocabulary
Fill in the spaces with words from the list below:
( atmosphere / climate / graze / killed off / arid / humid / increasingly / at the expense of / logger ) 1. Neither Kuwaitis nor residents stand the weather in the summer as it's so hot and............ . 2. Smoke and gas from vehicles and factories pollute the earth's. . 3. The Mediterranean..is good for citrus fruits and grapes. 4. A..is a person who cuts trees for wood. 5. Framers normallycattle on their farms to get meat and dairy products. 6. The spray has .all the harmful insects. 7. The desert is so.that no crops can grow there. 8. Cutting down trees for selling hardwood is the future of global environment.

Fill in the spaces with words from the list below:

( desertification / paucity / misbehave / overcultivate / intrinsic / productive / increasingly ) 1. Global warming is a/an.disastrous problem facing our planet nowadays. 2. Many..lands have been changed into poor or wastelands. 3. Cutting down a lot of trees worldwide, undoubtedly, leads to . 4. I love my students too much. They never.... in any way. 5. Water..represents an obstacle for farming. So, we must look for new sources. 6. Banks play a/an. role in the development of any country.

From a, b, c and d choose the correct words:

1. Fertile and productive land.should be the ultimate goal of all people and governments. a. desertification b. preservation c. proportion d. forecasting 2. Money is so..in our life. On the other hand, it's just a means to an end. a. humid b. frigid c. vital d. productive 3. Wastelands have to be.to increase the land needed for cultivation. a. grazed b. precipitated c. reclaimed d. killed off 4. Scientists think that human activities are responsible for the...rapid changes in the world's climate. a. productively b. increasingly c. permanently d. wastefully 5. Singapore is a country that lies on the.. . a. equator b. climate c. hurdle d. logger 6. the land makes it poor, unproductive and not suitable for grazing cattle on it. a. Misbehaving b. Over cultivating c. Killing off d. Reclaiming 7. The Iraqi invasion to Kuwait in 1990.a very serious political crisis worldwide. a. eroded b. misbehaved c. precipitated d. graze 8. Climate,..., irrigation and fertilizers are the main components of agriculture. a. scarcity b. spearhead c. wildfire d. soil 9. Celebrities usually suffer from.. intrusions of the journalists in their private lives. a. unproductive b. unwarranted c. frigid d. intrinsic

10. Violent wind and heavy rain usually..the top layer of the soil. a. graze b. wash away c. reclaim d. precipitate 11. Snow and ice have left many roads; and motorists are warned to drive slowly. a. unwarranted b. treacherous c. intrinsic d. prevailing 12. The climate is the.weather in a particular place over a longer period of time. a. humid b. frigid c. prevailing d. arid 13. If we are well-trained and confident enough, we can easily..any challenges. a. wash away b. prevail over c. kill off d. oversleep 14. Human rights are severelyin the developing countries. a. curtailed b. planted c. eroded d. precipitated 15. Leisure time used to be consideredand a waste of time in the past. a. harsh b. unproductive c. unwarranted d. frigid

Match the underlined words to their correct definitions:

1. Tornadoes, earthquakes, volcanoes, etc are devastating natural calamities. a. very impressive or effective b. unpleasantly rough c. very cold in temperature d. extremely interesting 2.The bad infrastructure in any country is a serious hurdle in the development of tourism. a. a prediction of future events b. an obstacle or difficulty c. a scarcity or lack of something d. insufficiency; shortage 3. Information about weather forecasting helps fishermen know the best times to go fishing. a. an obstacle or difficulty b. a scarcity or lack of something c. a person who fells trees for timber; a lumberjack d. a prediction of future events 4. Some children had had both severe and harsh upbringing. a. extremely interesting b. very cold in temperature c. very impressive or effective d. unpleasantly rough 5. The health care system should be implemented worldwide to save the lives of people. a. to destroy slowly b. to put into effect c. to fail to conduct oneself in a way that is acceptable to others d. to prove more powerful than opposing forces 6. Smoking is likely to damage smokers' health permanently. a. always and forever b. unproductively c. frigidly d. treacherously 7. Violent wind and heavy rain normally helps to erode the soil needed for farming. a. to destroy slowly b. to put into effect c. to make it necessary to do something d. to try to achieve or get something

{Precious Resources}

Unit Five

Vocabulary
Fill in the spaces with words from the list below:
( crisis / machinery / heartening / prohibitively / commercially / reprocessed / constant ) 1. Selling cars is a/an..profitable business worldwide, particularly, in the gulf region. 2. Criminals are in..troubles with the police. 3. If there is a border problem between two countries, there's a possible political 4. Food stuff prices areincreasing nowadays. Therefore, we appeal to the government to control prices. 5. Household wastes such as glass, plastic, metals, etc. are..to be used again. 6. It was so..to see so many young people taking part in charitable activities.

Fill in the spaces with words from the list below:

( machinery / cut down on / offences / pass a law / put up with / component / got rid of ) 1. Criminals commit several serious....that must be punished so as not to be repeated. 2. Electricity consumption should be...during the summer to avoid electricity cuts or failure. 3. Fresh fruits and vegetables are an essential of a healthy diet. 4. Factories depend mainly on highly powerful.to produce their products. 5. Wastes, for example, plastic, paper, glass etc. must beby burying them in landfill sites or recycling them. 6. Teachers can't the silly remarks of some irresponsible students.

From a, b, c and d choose the correct words:

1. The designs for the new mosque have aroused widespread . a. paperwork b. criticism c. administration d. packaging 2. We were driving along the sea-side, suddenly wepetrol. a. got rid of b. ran out of c. come up against d. put up with 3. A way of getting rid of waste material is.. a. incineration b. duration c. administration d. irritation 4. If you difficulties, let me know and I'll help you out. a. cut down on b. get rid of c. come up against d. put up with 5. Teachers shouldthe latest trends and approaches of teaching regularly. a. put up with b. keep up with c. cut down on d. come up against 6. ...is the materials in which objects are wrapped before being sold. It should be biodegradable. a. Machinery b. Packaging c. bureaucracy d. Paperwork 7. There are lots ofwe have to put up with in our daily life. a. incinerators b. components c. irritations d. upsurges

8. A/Anof violence in our area has been linked to increased unemployment. a. constituent b. trend c. quantity d. upsurge 9. I usually people who present their views quietly and logically. a. go along with b. put up with c. come up against d. get rid of 10. Our new secretary is excellent at . Moreover, she's fluent at many languages. a. irritation b. paperwork c. packaging d. bureaucracy 11. People suffer from bureaucracy when they, particularly, want to achieve a. household waste b. red tape c. upsurge d. irritation

Match the underlined words to their correct definitions:

1. People usually consume large quantities of food and drink during Ramadan, the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the month of fasting. a. amount or number of something b. material that is not wanted at home c. a part or element of a larger whole d. an increase in the strength of sth. 2. The new report concurs with the previous findings. a. to dispose of, throw away b. to know the latest information about c. to give one's agreement to a person's views d. to be of the same opinion; to agree 3. It is heartening enough to see lots of young people take part in charitable activities. a. occurring continuously over a period of time b. inspiring, elevating c. (of price or charge) excessively high d. unpleasantly rough 4. Media should encourage people to come down on the water and electricity consumption. a. to meet, to face b. to reduce c. to stand, tolerate ( sth. unpleasant ) d. to be used up 5. The Internet is the best source you use to keep up with the current events worldwide. a. be used up b. to know the latest information about c. to dispose of, throw away d. to put into effect by voting

Unit Six {Under Threat} Vocabulary

Fill in the spaces with words from the list below ( acute / avoid / damp / expansive / extinction / hibernate / permanent / posing / refuge )
1. Driving carefully and following traffic rules help you..accidents and save your life. 2. Game parks are the best place for some species in which they can be protected from... 3. Would you mind telling me if this job is temporary or? 4. Game reservations should be..enough to let animals live naturally. 5. Some members of the bear family, pandas don't . 6. Some animals run so fast to escape from their enemies while others climb trees for. 7. There are animals that have such a/an..hearing that it helps them to avoid their enemies. 8. Humans have beenthe biggest threat for many rare animals.

Fill in the spaces with words from the list below ( reticent /solitary / stem / threatened / carnivorous / enemy / inject / aware / bounty )
1. Mass media play an essential role in awaking the public opinion and making itof the daily challenges it faces. 2. Dangerous prisoners are usually kept in..confinement to avoid their troubles. 3. Most of the students areenough about answering questions. 4. Pandas live a solitary life and mainly eat the leaves.shoots and roots of bamboo plants. 5. Rare species like bears and pandas are extremelyby greedy poachers worldwide. 6. Some plants are..They catch and consume insects that land on them. 7. Some plants like stinging nettles,.. painful and irritating substance into their enemies. 8. Arabs are so hospitable that they offer their guests a/an...of food and drinks.

From a, b, c and d choose the correct word:

1. My uncle is so wealthy. He lives in a/an.villa overlooking the sea. a. aware b. timid c. fascinating d. reticent 2. I think that my job is starting to...on my family life. I usually have to work in the evening. a. encroach b. pose c. inject d. utilize 3. Could we reach to a/an.on this matter? Let's take a vote. a. dearth b. wetland c. consensus d. nourishment

4. Cutting down trees for reasons disturbs the balance of the environment. a. burgeoning b. unsanctioned c. carnivorous d. solitary 5. Many peoplesupport the building of a new mosque in our area instead of building a church for Christians a. reticently b. timidly c. vociferously d. expansively 6. Undoubtedly, thepopulation worldwide threaten the economy of the whole world. a. burgeoning b. fascinating c. illegitimate d. carnivorous 7. The vitamins come in a form that is easily.by the body. a. recompensed b. utilized c. avoided d. posed 8. .represents a main problem to young people who intend to get married nowadays. a. Consensus b. Wealth c. Housing d. Extinction 9. My friend is a bitand easily irritated by his colleagues. a. acute b. expansive c. timid d. burgeoning 10. My stay in England isn'tI'm going to leave as soon as I finish my study here. a. damp b. reticent c. permanent d. illegitimate 11. If there's a non-stop heavy rain, there's an inevitable..effect on the entire traffic. a. bounty b. extinction c. consensus d. knock-on 12. The human rights of minorities are severely...on by both the nationals and governments worldwide. a. utilized b. posed c. grown d. encroached 13. . the reclaimed poor and waste lands has become a mandatory need to increase our main source of food. a. Cultivating b. Injecting c. Encroaching d. utilizing 14. Fertilizers are used to kill insects; the worst....to all crops. a. stems b. enemies c. refuges d. rewards 15. Young babies obtain all thethey need from their mother's milk. a. reservation b. nourishment c. extinction d. dearth

Match the underlined words with their correct definitions:

1. I couldn't avoid making some mistakes; however I answered all the questions. a. to become greater over a period of time b. to reduce c. to keep away from d. to present or constitute 2. The burgeoning knowledge in all fields of study makes it difficult for students to keep up with it well. a. intended to last unchanged b. enthusiastic, loud c. growing or expanding rapidly d. extremely interesting 3. Water dearth represents a very serious hurdle in cultivating crops like rice, maze, cotton, etc. a. a thing that weakens or harms something else b. the state of becoming extinct c. an abundance or plenty d. saturated land 4. The resort in which we had our last holiday is luxurious and fascinating. a. slightly wet b. extremely interesting a. extensive or wide-ranged d. having perception of a situation

5. Poaching rare animals is an unsanctioned action that should be punished legally. a. unofficial; unauthorized b. animals that eat flesh c. occurring continuously over a period of time d. inspiring , elevating 6. The general consensus in our company is that the new secretary is useless at her job. a. a scarcity or lack of something b. general agreement c. the time in which something continues d. the action of reserving something