Unit 17

Anaesthetic ‫مخدر‬ Sore throat Blood stream Vales ‫حمامات‬

Artery Veins ‫الوردة‬ Carbon dioxide Bypass ‫يتجنب‬
Insomnia ‫الرق‬ Infected ‫ملوث‬ Circulation ‫الدورة الدموية‬ Temporarily ‫مؤقتا‬
Fever Remedy ‫العلج‬ Era ‫عصر‬ Fatal ‫قاتل‬
Lungs ‫الرئتين‬ Sterilize Surpasses ‫يزيد علي‬ Carbolic acid
Operate ‫يجري عملية‬ Epidemics ‫أوبئة‬ Founder Appalling
G – Idioms and expressions
* an expert on hospitals . * conditions were appalling .
* soldiers lie on bare and dirty floor .
* she is widely regarded as the founder of modern nursing .
1 – Doctors :-
Surgeon ‫طبيب جراح‬ Physician ‫طبيب باطني‬
Oculist ‫طبيب عيون‬ Dentist ‫طبيب أسنان‬
Psychiatrist ‫ طبيب نفساني‬Pathologist ‫طبيب أخصائي في معرفة سبب‬
‫الوفاة‬
2 – Operation / Surgery / Plastic surgery / Transplant / Open – heart surgery.
Operation : ex : The surgeon performed an operation on her for a kidney problem .
Surgery : ex : He has to undergo abdominal surgery .
Open – heart surgery : ex : The era of open – heart surgery began in the fifties .
Plastic surgery : ex : Several of the fire victims needed plastie surgery .
Transplant : ex : an operation in which an organ is tranpanted .
Ex : He performed a heart transplant and is now in good condition
3 – Contract / Shrink / Expand / Dilate
Contract : ex : Metals contract as they get cooler .
Shrink : ex : This kind of shirt shrinks in the wash .
Expand : ex : Metals expand when they are hearted .
Dilate : ex : The pupils of your eyes dilate when you enter a dark room .
1 - Read the following then complete table :-
Some human organs are damaged , yet they can continue working artificially with a
machine . A kidney machine keeps people alive removing waste products from the body when their
kidneys fail to so . The heart – lung machine can maintain breathing when there extreme lung
damage . In open – heart surgery blood is sent through machine , bypassing the heart . Thus the
surgeon works inside it .
Machine Function When it is used
1 ………..”1” ………. ……”2”…… ………..”3” ……..
2 ………..”4” ………. ……”5” …….. ………..”6” ……...
2 - Read and complete the table :-
Vitamins are very important for good health . One vitamin that you need to have
regularly is vitamin C . Certain fruits and vegetables are rich in this vitamin . Some examples are
oranges , lemons and grapefruits , as well as tomatoes . Vitamin C can be destroyed by heat , so it
is a good idea to eat lots of uncooked fruits and vegetables .

Importance of vitamins : ……………………………………………..

The vitamin needed regularly : ………………………………………………
 Where it is found : ………………………………………………
Examples : ………………………………………………
How to be destroyed : ………………………………………………
Advice : ………………………………………………
3 - Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue: -
Ahmed is asking about Hassan’s health :
Ahmed : Oh, Hassan ! What’s wrong with you ?
Hassan : ……………… “1” …………………..
Ahmed : If the beats of your heart are not normal , you should see a specialist doctor
Hassan : ……………..”2” …………………….
Ahmed ; ………………”3” …………………….
Hassan : He said that there are some disorders of the heart .
Ahmed : What did he advise you to do ?
Hassan : ………………”4” …………………..
4 - Supply the missing word in each sentence from the list :-
Veins – arteries – die – surgeon – heart – lung – diseased
Bloodstream – supply
1 – If your heart stops , you will …………….in about five minutes .
2 – In a heart transplant surgeons replace ……………heart with a healthy one .
3 – All the body’s cells need a constant …………… of oxygen .
4 – The oxygen you breathe in enters your ………………through your lungs .
5 – The heart pumps blood round the body through ……………………
6 - ………….take the blood back to the heart when it has given up all its oxygen .
7 – Dr John Gibbon was the first person to develop a ………….machine .
8 – Professor Magdi Yacoub is a famous heart ………………..
A) Translate into Arabic :-
Doctors measure pulse rates to find out if the heart is beating normally . They usually feel
the artery in the wrist . But the pulse can be felt whenever an artery passes over a bone . The
normal pulse rate for men is 72 beats per minute .
B) Translate into English :-
80 ‫ إلي‬72 ‫و عند النساء يتراوح بين‬. ‫ دقة كل دقيقة‬72 ‫ أن معدل النبض العادي لدي الرجال‬- 1
. ‫دقة‬
. ‫ و يعتبر طبيعيا‬85 ‫ و‬50 ‫ – يتراوح النبض بين‬2
5 - Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue:-
Between surgeon and Samira who are talking about the hearts .
Samira : ………………. “1” …………………..
Surgeon : Because if it stops , you will die in about minutes .
Samira : ………………”2” ……………………
Surgeon : Yes , a diseased heart can be replaced by a healthy one .
Samira : What’s the heart’s job ?
Surgeon : ………………..”3” …………………..
Samira : ………………. “4” ………………….
Surgeon : It’s Dr. Magdi Yacoub .
6 - Read the following passage then answer the questions :-
Everybody agrees that it is safer, easier and cheaper to /// a disease than to try to cure it . In
the 1860 the germ theory of disease was advanced a doctors began to devise ways of preventing
germs from invade the body . and of fighting them once they did . We can handle most germ
diseases now , but the great dart to human life heath are the so called degenerative diseases . Those
involve the breakdown of the body mach so that a person may come to suffer from cancer , heart .
arthritis diabetes senility and so on . The medical profession has learned a great deal about how to
organize the way we eat so as to make such diseases less likely . They have learned how to use
vitamins and hormones to keep body machinery in better shape . However , do what we may ,
those degenerative diseases will come eventually , and the body will break down altogether . So ,
in the end , every human being must die . Still . if the diseases are postponed as long as possible ,
we will have a stronger and healthier old age . If we die let us at least not have a long period
weakness and pain before we go . That means that medical piaenicemf the future will concentrate
more and more on diagnosis , or detecting changes in the body at an early stage . Any breakdown
is easier to treat if you catch it at the very start , before it has had a chance to establish itself and
begin to do much damage . .
Answer the following questions :-
1 – What is the great danger to human life and health ?
2 – What do degenerative diseases include ?
3 – How can such diseases be controlled ?
4 – What will the medical practice concentrate on in the future ?
7 -Choose the correct answer :-
5 – It is better to ( see – prevent – treat – heal ) diseases than to cure them .
6 – Vitamins and hormones keep body ( job – function – practice – machinery ) in better order .
7 – Any breakdown is easier to treat if you detect it ( eater – earlier – easier – simply ) .
1 - Nouns , verbs and adjectives following by prepositions
Noun + preposition
Noun + for …… Cheque – demand – need - reason . * Ahmed is crying but
we don’t know the reason for his weeping .
Noun + of …… Advantage – disadvantage – cause – a photograph – a
picture – a map – a plan – a drawing .
Noun + in …… Anincrease – a decrease – arise – a fall in .
Noun + to …… Damage – invintation – a solution – an attitude – answer –
aleey to – replay to – reaction to .
Noun + with + between .. Contact – a connect – relationship . .
8 - Complete the sentences with the correct preposition :-
1 – Ahmed is sorry he hasn’t written to Yara for so long . The reason ………. this is that
he’s been busy .
2 – What was Yara’s reaction ………………the news ?
3 – Ahmed showed Mohammed a photograph …………the house where he lived as child
4 – The company has rejected the workers ‘ demands …………a rise …………pay .
5 – What was the answer ……………questions 3 in the test ?
6 – The fact that Abeer was offered a job has no connection …………the fact that her
eosin is the managing director .
7 – There are some difference ………..British and American English .
8 – Everything can be explained . There’s a reason ………..everything .
9 – If Ahmed gives Yara the camera , can she faike a photograph ……….me ?
10 – Money isn’t the solution ………….every problem .
11 – There has been an increase ……………..the amount of traffic using this road .
12 – When Mohammed opened the envelope , he was delighted to find a cheque …..£500
13 – The advantage …….having a car is that you don’t have to rely on public transport .
14 – There are many advantages …………………being able to speak a foreign language
15 – When Paul left home , his attitude ………..his parents seemed to change .
16 – Mona and Nadia used to be good friends but Nadia doesn’t have much contact ,…,,,her now
17 – There has been a sharp rise rise ……...……..the cost of living in the past few years .
 2 – Adjective + Preposition
Adjective + of Nice / kind / stupid / good / clever / generous / rash – silly –
chilly – polite – careful – careless – bad – ashamed – proud –
scared – frightened – fond – jealous .
‫إذا جاء بعدها اسم شخص و مفعول‬ To ‫ل حـظ أن هـذه الصفــات يمكــن أن يأتــى بعــدها‬
‫به‬
* Yara is a lway kind to Ahmed [ him ]

Adjective + about with Angry – pleased – annoyed – furious – worried – excited

– upset – nervous – delighted – satisfied – disappointed .
. Don’t be angry about little things * . ‫مع الشيــاء‬ about ‫ل حـــــظ أن أننا نستخـــدم‬
. ) With + ‫ اسم شخص‬+ + for + v + ing ( ‫تستخدم‬
* Ahmed was annoyed with Yara for breaking his camera .
Adjective + at + by + with Shocked / amazed / astonished / at / by + ‫اسم شئ‬
impressed ( with / by ) ‫ اسم شئ‬/ ‫ اسم شخص‬bored
– fed up / with something .
Sorry About / for / + some body .
9 - Put in the correct preposition :-
1 – The man we interviewed for the job was intelligent but weren’t very impressed ……....
his appearance .
2 – Are you still upset …………what I said to you yesterday ?
3 – Ahmed said he was sorry ……….the situation but there was nothing he could do .
4 – Yara felt sorry ………….the children when on holiday . It rained every day and they
had to spend most of the time indoors .
5 – Ahmed was delighted …………the present you gave me .
6 – It was very nice ………you to do my shopping for me . Thank you much .
7 – Why are you always so rude ………..your parents ? Can’t you be nice …..them ?
8 – It was a bit careless …….you to leave the door unlocked when you went out .
9 – Asmaa didn’t reply to our letter , which wasn’t very polite ……………them .
10 – We always have the same food every day . I’m fed up …………….it .
11 – Ahmed can’t understand people who are cruel …………..animals .
12 – Ahmed enjoyed his holiday , but he was a bit disappointed ……….the hotel .
13 – Ahmed was surprised ……………the way Mohammed behaved . It was completely
out of character .
14 – I’ve sbeen trying to learn Spanish but I’m not very satisfied ……….my progress .
15 – Haydi doesn’t look very well . I’m worried ………….her .
16 – Are you angry …………what happened ?
17 – I’m sorry ………..what I said . I hope you’re not angry ……..me .
18 – The people next door furious …………..us ………..making so much noise last night .
19 – Yara starts her new job next week . She’s quite excited …………..it .
20 – I’m sorry …………….the smell of paint in this room . I’ve just decorated it .
3 – Verb + Preposition
Verb + at Look – have a look – glance – stare – smile – aim – point – shoot – laugh
Verb + to Talk / speak / listen / write / invite .
Verb + for Blame / apologize / thank / excuse / cane .
Verb + of Hear / cure / approve / contain / accuse / consists / think .
. ‫ و لكن بمعني مختلف‬at ‫ أو‬to ‫هناك بعض الفعال يأتي بعدها‬
* Shout [ at – to ] * Yara got very angry and started shouting at me .
* Yara shouted to me from the other side of the street .
* Throw [ at – to ] : some body threw an egg at Anoska [ to hit ] .
* Throw something to somebody . Ahmed threw the keys to Yara from the window .
10 -Put in to or at where necessary :-
1 – They only invited a few people …………..their wedding .
2 – Look ……………these flowers . Aren’t they pretty ?
3 – Please don’t shout …………..me ! be nice to me !
4 – I saw Sue as I was cycling along the road . I shouted ………he but she didn’t hear me .
5 – Don’t listen ………………when he says . He doesn’t know what he’s talking about .
6 – Can I speak ……………you for a moment ? There’s something I want to ask you .
7 – Do you think I could have a look ……….your newspaper , please ?
8 – I’m a bit lonely . I need somebody to talk ……………..
9 – She was so angry she threw a chair …………..me .
10 – The woman sitting opposite me on the train kept staring …………..me .
11 – Do you hear ………….Ahmed Zewail .
12 – Ahmed apologize ……………..Yara .
13 – Mohammed cure ……………the cold .
14 – Mona invited Nadia ……………her birthday .
15 – Don’t throw stones ………….the birds .
11 - Insert the proper preposition in each space :-
1 – Ahmed accused the man ……………theft .
2 – Mr. Khaled was angry ………………him .
3 – Ahmed was angry ……………the weather .
4 – Ahmed is now ashamed ……………his conduct .
5 – I congratulate you ………………your success .
6 – Ahmed died ……………….malaria .
7 – Ahmed suffered …………….typhoid . 8 – I was disappointed …………..his work .
9 – Their house is opposite ………..ours . 10 – Yara was married ……….….a rich man .
11 – If you are interested …………….reading such old history books , you can look
……….some in the public library .
12 – Some people think he is good ………….drawing and painting , while others think he
is good ………….nothing
13 – The government supplies the new agricultural projects ….a constant supply …water .
14 – Ahmed works ………a new economic plan , but she doesn’t work ……….along time
15 – We are very proud ……….our great scientists . We really take pride ………their achievements .
16 – Ahmed joined the army ……….the age of twenty – one .
17 – I will finish the reports ………..two day’s time .
18 – ………. The way , did meet Samir ………your way to school yesterday ?
19 – You can’t stop him …………doing such evil things ; he is the sort of person who
will stop ……….nothing .
20 – Yara is always afraid …………the mad dogs she sees in the streets . Her mother
thinks her child is in real danger and she is always worried ………….her
12 - Choose the correct answer :-
1 – Ahmed is keen ( in – on – at – about ) carrying out this giant project .
2 – The cause ( for – about – of – on ) his mental disorder is still mysterious .
3 – We are ( keen – proud – assured – blamed ) of being Egyptian .
4 – I congratulated my son ( at – with – on – about ) achieving marvellous – results .
5 – It is a step ( backward – on – forward – upward ) to reach his aims .
6 – The artificial kidney machine can take ( over – after – to – down ) the function of the
natural kidney .
7 – We ran ( out – over – out of – in ) petrol , so I was late for work .
8 – Don’t blame him ( about – on – for – in ) such a mistake . He wasn’t trained thoroughly .
9 – The car ran ( on – in – into – at ) a tree .
10 – The teacher is fed up ( for – on – at – with ) the student’s carelessness .
11 – Only a small part of the petroleum obtained from the ground consists ( in – with – of – on ) petrol .
12 – They died ( at – of – by – for ) starvation .
13 – Ahmed applied ( to – at – for – on ) the post but did not get it .
14 – Yara was interested ( in at – of – by ) reading novels .
15 – The mother cares ( on – at – for – to ) her children .
16 – He was terrified ( at – of – with – on ) the monster .
17 – She was bored ( with – at – on- by ) the film and left before it ended .
13 - Write a paragraph on “ Egypt has witnessed a medical revolution”
You can make use of the following points :
* newly well – equipped hospitals . * sending newly – graduated doctors abroad ..
* using technological devices appropriately . * encouraging medical research .
14 - Read and then write notes on the passage :-
Cotton cultivation needs much skill and much work . The soil must be ploughed . On the
hot days of August , cotton begins to flower . From this flower springs the pod . When the pod is
fully ripe , it bursts open showing a mass of white fiber . Cotton is sometimes attacked by a fatal
enemy which is the cotton – worm . If the farmers do not destroy this enemy , the cotton crop will
be greatly damaged .
A mass of white fiber appears when ………………………..
The cotton crop is in danger …………………………………
It’s the farmer’s duty ……………………………………….
15 - With the help of the meaning given against each word fill in the
missing letters :-
1–I–n -s = the two breathing organs .
2–d–s--d = sick or unhealthy .
3 – e – re – l – te = to move or flow along .
4– -r– = a set of years .
5 – p – ys – e - - n = a doctor who treats diseases with medicines .s
A ) Translate into Arabic :-
Your body is a wonderful machine with many parts fad part has a special function and
all the parts work together keep you alive and healthy . Like all machines , your body needs fuel-
food . The oxygen you breather in the form of are helps turn the food you eat into energy .
B) Translate into English :-
. ‫ – أن الطعام يمنحك الطاقة التي تجعلك تعمل و تلعب و تفكر و تنمو‬1
‫ – يتكون الجهاز الدوري من القلب و الشرايين و الوردة و يعمل علي ضخ الدم في كل‬2
. ‫أجزاء الجسم‬
16 - Use “will “ or “may “ before the verb :-
1 – If you work hard , you ( pass ) the exam .
2 – If she comes , she ( meet ) the visitors .
3 – If he takes the medicine , he ( be ) healthy .
4 – If they practise well, they ( win ) the match .
5 – If you make a party , some friends ( come ) .
6 – If you get 95% you ( join ) the faculty of medicine .
7 – If she goes on a diet , she ( become ) fit .
17 - Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets
without changing the meaning :-
1 – I want you to open the window for me . “ Mind “
 2 – Although he was clever . he failed his exam . “ However “
3 – “ Is Aly coming to the party tomorrow ? “ “ I don’t know “
4 – It could not be used by them . “ They “
5 – It isn’t necessary for you to hurry . “ Needn’t “
6 – The price of petrol has been reduced to 20% . “ Reduction “
7 – He wants to be very wealthy . “ Ambition “
8 – The surgeon will perform an operation on the patient . “ Operate “
9 – All the body’s cells need a constant supply of oxygen . “ Constancy “
10 – Surgeons are able to carry out complicated operations . “ Abuiy “
11 – They think that he is the best surgeon in the world . “ Regarded “
12 – In the past , few women had jobs . “ Nowadays “
13 – She travelled in Europe and visited many hospitals . “ During “
14 – He is ambitious and wants to be wealthy . “ Ambition “
15 – The nurse treats injured people . “ Treatment “
16 – Dr. Magdi Yacoub’s fame is in heart surgery . “ Famous “
17 – The oxygen you breathe in enters your bloodstream through your lungs .“ Without “
18 – Brain cells will die without oxygen supply . “ If “
19 – Before the twentieth century , few doctors dared to touch the heart . “ After “
20 – The heart pumps blood round the body through arteries . “ Unless “
21 – If your heart stops , you will die . “ Unless “
22 – If you have a fever , you will feel hot . “ Won’t "
23 – All living things need oxygen . “ Without oxygen “
24 – If you have insomnia , you will have difficulty sleeping . “ Difficult “
25 – Metals expand when they are heated . “ Expansion “
26 – The surgeon operated on the patient last Monday . “ Operation “
27 – Yara made a quick recovery from the flu she had last week . “ Recovered “
28 – Nobody could find out the cause of the fire . “ What “
29 – Yara is greatly interested in computer games . “ Interest “
30 – I got bored with the story and went out for a walk . “ Boring “
18 - Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue between :-
Yara and Haydi
Yara : …………………….”1” ……………………… ?
Haydi : Because Saad Zaghloul was a national leader .
Yara : ……………………”2” ……………………….?
Haydi : He studied in Al – Azhar then he studied law .
Yara : ……………………”3” ………………………...?
Haydi : He was the leader of the Egyptian revolution .
Yara : ……………………”4” ……………………….. ?
Haydi : He was the symbol of the good and faithful citizen .
Yara : What’s professor Sir Magdi Yacoub famous for ?
Haydi : ……………………”5” …………………………
Yara : What happens if a person has a fever ?
Haydi : ………………….”6” ………………………….
Yara : What can a dentist give a patient before drilling tooth ?
Haydi : …………………..”7” ………………………….
Yara : ………………….”8” ………………………….
Haydi : The person who performs operations is called a surgeon .
19 - Read the following letter , and write a reply to it : You live at
20 El – Haram Street , Giza :-
 58 Sherif Street ,
Sohag .
April 6 .
Dear Seif ,
I’m gland to write to you . I read about Professor Sir Magdi Yocoub
and his position as the best surgeon . So , please tell me everything about him .
Where he is from . Why he became famous . What kind of surgery he is interested in . How he
was awarded
Waiting for your letter
Yours sincerely ,
Hani

20 -Choose the correct answer :-

1 – The brain needs a constant supply of ( oxygen – water – air – blood ) .
2 – Before inventing the heart lung ( tool – instrument – machine – risk ) surgeons couldn’t
easily operate on the heart .
3 – Disorders of the ( lung – heart – kidney – stomach ) can be treated with surgery .
4 – The ( work – style – way – function ) of the heart is to pump blood round the body .
5 – Dr. Magdi Yacoub is regarded as the best heart ( dealer – doctor – surgeon – worker ) .
6 – The oxygen you breathe in enters the bloodstream through your ( lungs – veins –
arteries – heart )
7 – If you eat too much food, you may get ( digestion – indigestion – difficulty – troubles )
8 – At present the death ( rate – percent – ration – result ) has been reduced .
9 – Yara wants to take a ( work – job – profession – labour ) and be a nurse .
10 – During her ( trips – visits – stay – arrival ) she visited some hospitals .
11 – During the war , she treated the injured ( men – women – soldiers – foreigners ) .
12 – There were no medical ( subjects – things – ways – supplies ) or food .
13 – She came from a prosperous ( family – house – place – area ) .
14 – There is no ( method – evidence – matter – element ) that he is a successful businessman .
15 – The pupils are expected to study hard and pass their ( exams – schools – studies – results )
16 – How can you achieve your ( success – ambition – way – hobby ) ? By hard work .
17 – The clinic should be ( stained – sterilized – infected – dirtied ) before performing
medical operation in it .
18 – When you exercise , your ( pulse – beating – drum – motion ) rate mereases .
19 – The surgeon performed an ( application – occupation – operation – engagement ) on
him for a lung problem .
20 – His kidneys are not working ; he is in bad need of a kidney ( change – plantation –
transplant – transfer ) .
21 – The nurse put a ( dress – cloth – ribbon – dressing ) on the wound to keep it clean .
22 – The problem was so ( easy – simple – complicated – direct ) that I couldn’t solve it .
23 – Pressure in the container remains ( variable – changeable – different – permanent ) it is
always fixed .
24 – If you don’t pay your electricity bill, you may be cut ( off – across – on – down ) .
25 – The blood ( hangs – shakes – circulates – turns ) through the human body continuously
26 – The theatre is ( continuously – temporarily – usually – permanently ) closed for
redecoration . It will be reopened next month .
27 – He had to transplant the ( healthy – wholesome – sound – diseased ) kidney .
28 – We managed to ( cross – follow – keep – bypass ) the shopping centre by taking side streets
29 – ( Effective – Useful – Waste – Valuable ) materials produced during the
manufacturing process were thrown away or buried in the desert .
30 – In an open –heart ( surgery – treatment – cure – course )the blood of the sick person is
kept flowing by a machine .
31 – Ahmed will take ( over – up – on – in ) as managing director when the present director retires .
32 – Ahmed was suffering form a severe ( order – disorder – fitness – strength ) of the liver
33 – He is a ( stupid – foolish – silly – brilliant ) student . He always gets the best marks .
34 – I like to ( get angry – relax – hurt – offend ) with a good book when I get back from work .
35 – Ahmed is a true gentleman . Ahmed always behaves ( badly – wickedly – properly – improperly )
36 – Ai valve in the heart allows the blood to flow ( circularly – in one direction – in all
directions – backwards and forwards ) .
37 – Metals expand when they are ( heated – cooled – beaten – red ).
38 – Nurses ( wash – clean – sterilize – cover ) the surgeon’s instruments before an operation .
39 – A friend of mine has had a heart ( change – transplant – plant – pain ).
40 – The air you breathe in goes to your ( lungs – veins – arteries – stomach ) .
41 – He is ( thought – said – spronoeed - regarded ) as the best dentist .
42 – She is an expert ( at – with – on – by ) the field of surgery .
43 – Valves stop the blood ( from – of – with – to ) getting back into the arteries .
44 – If your heart stops, you will die in about five ( seconds – minutes – hours – days ) .
45 – If you take an aspirin , your headache may get ( good – bad – worse – better ) .
46 – The brain needs a constant ( giving – taking – supply – work ) of oxygen .
47 – This girl’s ( liking – ambition – job – dreams ) is to be a nurse .
48 – A ( design – Prize – ward – wound ) is a large room in a hospital .
49 – The patient was delighted with the ( cause – result – doing – carrving ) of his operation .
50 – Doctors always try to ( fight – kill – help – finish ) disease .
51 – Brilliant surgeons could ( keep – save – find – operate ) thousands of people’s lives .
52 – Sixty years ago , it was impossible to operate on a patient ( which – what – who –
whose ) had heart problems .
53 – A heart – lung machine ( uses – may use – is used – is to use ) to maintain breathing .
54 – A heart – lung machine is designed to ( take part – take place – replace – space ) the
heart and lungs .
55 – ( Transport – Transportation – Transplants – Planting ) is the transfer of an organ
from one body to another .
56 – Thousands are ( victim – victimise – sacrifices – victims ) of cancer .
57 – It is now easy for doctors to carry ( on – out – off – at ) heart operations .
58 – If the heart stops working ( dyeing – deathly – death – dead ) follows .
59 – There have great ( improves – proves – improvement – improvements ) in surgery .
60 – The dentist gave the patient ( medicine – an anaesthetic – tablets – drugs ) before
drilling his tooth .
61 – The nurse put ( a dressing – cotton – water – alcohol ) inter on the wound to keep it clean .
62 – This patient needs a heart ( change – transplant – planting – cure ) .
63 – Before ( a treatment – an operation – an examination – a treatment ) the instruments
must be sterilized .
64 – The heart pumps blood round the body through ( lungs – veins – arteries - ///// ) .
65 – Dr. Magdi Yacoub is a famous heart ( surgeon - operator – worker - /////)
66 – The brain needs a constant ( work – job – supply - //////) of oxygen .
67 – If you feel ( headache – stomachache – insomnia - //////) you may have difficulty stand .
68 – The dressmaker uses a needle to ( sow – see – sew – saw ) the button on .
69 – I have ( late – lately – later – early ) agreed to help him with his studies .
70 – Ahmed filled ( out – with – off – in ) the form to get a passport .
71 – The lesson has finished . It is ( on – up – over – to ) .
72 – We didn’t enjoy the play . It was quite ( bore – boring – bear – bored ) .
73 – The waiter ( filled – filled in – fell – completed ) the cup with tea .
74 – Hunters of wild animals are ( rash – timid – adventurers – cowardly ) .
75 – Where ( next – other – another – else ) did you go besides Aswan ?
76 – Are you ( already – ever – still – yet ) here ? I thought you’d gone ages ago .
 77 – There is ( hardly – hard – harder – hardship ) any milk in the pot .
78 – I often ( lose – don’t get – don’t make – miss ) the 7 o’clock train .
79 – The brain needs a constant ( apply – reply – supply – supplies ) of oxygen .

Unit 18

Heritage ‫التراث‬ Polyp ‫حيوان‬ Disastrous ‫ضار‬ Chlorine

‫مائي‬ ‫جدا‬
Host ‫مضيف‬ Reefs ‫الشعب‬ Pragile Chrome
‫المرجانية‬ ‫هش‬
Buoys ‫عوامات‬ Anchor ‫مرساه‬ Magnificent Surroundings
‫الرشاد‬ ‫المثبت‬
Licence ‫ ترخيص‬Dump ‫يسقط‬-‫يفرق‬ Dial ‫يطلب‬ Unique ‫منفرد‬
‫رقم‬
Limestone ‫الحجر‬ Delicate ‫صغير‬ Chloroform Geological
‫الجيري‬ ‫جيولوجي‬

1 – Read the following passage about the Egyptian heritage and

how we can protect it , then answer the questions :-
Our heritage constitutes our own civilization , glorious history and priceless riches . This
heritage is located nationwide whether in remote deserts or seas . We have to protect our heritage
as it does not only belong to our generation but the succeeding generations as well . Tourists , for
instance, are attracted to the Red Sea area, to Hurghada and Safaga because of their beautiful coral
reefs . Nowadays the Red area is host to thousands of tourists every year . Coral reefs are
limestone formations formed in the sea by the skeletons of millions of tiny animals, called polyps .
Coral reefs look like beautiful sea gardens and they attract thousands of colorful fish . These coral
reefs are expected to grow bigger and bigger as more polyps add to the reef . Man is to be blamed
for the destruction of these reefs and consequently part of our heritage . Many boats , year after
year , carrying divers anchor by coral reefs , destroy and kill the delicate polyps . Dumping rubbish
and oil into the sea results in the same drastic end Hence, the Egyptian Environment Affairs
Agency is working hard to protect our Red Sea heritage . Buoys are being installed along the coast
so that diving boats need not anchor on the fragile coral . Training courses are organised for boat
captains to teach them not to destroy the reefs .
A) Answer the following questions :-
1 – Why should we protect the coral reefs ?
2 – What is a buoy ? Why are buoys being installed along the Red Sea coast ?
3 – How are coral; reefs formed ?
4 – Why is dumping rubbish and oil into the sea very dangerous ?
B) Choose the correct answer :-
5 – The underlined word they in the second paragraph refers to ( colourful fish – coral
reefs – beautiful gardens – sea resorts ) .
6 – Coral reefs grow ( suddenly – rapidly – slowly – enormously ).
7 – The underlined part drastic end in the second paragraph means ( fatal result – fruitful
end – fragile results – false end )
Practice: -
2 - Read the previous passage again and write notes on: -
1 – formation of coral reefs .
2 – how to protect coral reefs .
3 – enemies of coral reefs
3 – Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue: -
Ahmed who has just returned from a trip to the Red Sea area and his cousin Hesham \:
Hesham : Yes seem very excited . I think that you enjoyed every minute of your trip .
Ahmed : Really ……………………………….?
Hesham : ………………………………………..
Ahmed : Coral reefs are so fascinating and the marine life is fantastic .
Hesham : ………………………………………. ?
Ahmed : Oh! Many tourists go there . They come from all over the world .
Hesham : ……………………………………… ?
Ahmed : Not everywhere , the government restricts fishing in some areas to protect our
heritage there .
Hesham : I see . I wish I could go there .
Grammar
Verb + Object + Preposition + (n.) or ( gerund )

1 – I accused him of stealing my watch .

2 – Ahmed thanked his friend for helping him solve some mathematical problems .
3 – Mr. Khaled blamed the lazy students for not doing their best to succeed .
4 – Ahmed discouraged his friend from trying again to prove that he was worthy of success .
5 – The police charged him with stealing the bag .
6 – I told my friend about the journey I went on .
7 – I congratulated my nephew on achieving a wonderful success .
4 – Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) in brackets to
give the same meaning :-
1 – I blamed him Ahmed didn’t take precautions . ( For )
2 – I expressed gratitude to him as him as he rendered me great services . ( Thanked )
3 – I persuaded him not to smoke . ( Discourage )
4 – Ahmed was charged with committing this horrible crime . ( The police )
5 – I told him that I had been fascinated by these historic places . ( About )
5 – Choose the correct answer :-
1 – I ( charged – blamed – condemned – accused ) the salesman of cheating me all the time .
2 – Ahmed ( thanked – congratulated – blamed – accused ) his friend for not lending him a spare pen .
3 – He was worried ( with – at – from – about ) the nightmares of his economic problems .
4 – Bad conditions sin the town there he wanted to settle discouraged him ( for – on – from –
with ) working there .
5 – I was so happy she got her MA with honours and sent hey my congratulations ( with –
about – of – on)
6 – I can’t blame her for these errors ; you are responsible ( for – on – of – about ) them .
7 – The men were taken to court because they were ( accused – suspected – alleged – charged )

6 – Use the proper preposition :-

1 – Ahmed insisted ……………….improving his living conditions .
2 – I blamed her ………………….not coming punctually .
3 – Friends congratulated me …………….achieving wonderful results .
4 – They persisted ……………………bothering their neighbors .
5 – The government is keen ……………eliminating illiteracy .
6 – They were anxious ………………..passing the exam .
7 – He was responsible …………………such drastic results .
 8 – I thanked him …………………guiding me to the travel agent’s .

Conjunctions : (that ) , as long as , unless

1 – Provided that : I’ll lend you my car provided you drive it carefully .
I’ll lend you my car if you drive carefully . Provided that = provided = If
2 – As long as : I’ll lend you my car as long as you drive carefully As long as = If
3 – Unless : I’ll visit you tomorrow unless I travel to Tanta .
I’ll visit you tomorrow if I don’ travel to Tanta . Unless = If not
-: ‫مـلحظــات‬
Provided ‫بدل من‬ Providing ‫ – يمكن استخدام‬1
I’ll lend you my car providing you drive it carefully .
Providing = provided = If
because ‫بمعني‬ as long as ‫ – يمكن أن نستخدم‬2
As long as you not buys, could you help me ?
. ‫كـــذلــك تستخـدم بمعني أثناء كل ذلك الوقت‬
I’ll never speak to him as long as I live = during all my life .
7 – Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) in brackets to
give the same meaning :-
1 – We’re going to be in trouble if we don’t do something about pollution . ( Fix )
2 – Providing you study hard, you won’t get high marks . ( If )
3 – Thank you for calling . b ( Because)
4 – Tourists come to Hurhada because of its natural beauty . ( Because)
5 – The Red Sea resorts will be popular provided that remain unpolluted . ( Unless )
6 – Being irresponsible and reckless Ahmed will never be trusted . ( Unless )
7 – You should tell the truch, otherwise your father will be angry with you . ( Provided that )
8 – As a result of their industriousness, they realize their dreams . ( As long as )
9 – Ahmed was blamed for his bad behaviour . ( Unless )
10 – during his stay in Cairo , Ahmed has to get a work permit . ( As long as )
8 – Choose the correct word or expression for each sentence :
1 – You can use my car (unless - as long as ) You drive carefully .
2 – I’m playing tennis tomorrow ( unless – providing) it’s raining .
3 - I don’t mind if you come in late ( unless – as long as ) you come in quietly .
4 – I’m going now ( unless – provided ) you want me to stay .
5 – I don’t watch television ( unless – as long ) I’ve got nothing else to do .
6 – Children are allowed to use the swimming pool ( unless – provided )they are with an adult .
7 – ( Unless – provided ) they are with an adult, children are not allowed to use the swimming pool .
8 – We can sit here in the corner ( unless – as long as )you’d rather sit over there by the window
9 – Our holiday cost a lot of money . Did it ? well , that doesn’t matter ( unless – as long as )
you enjoyed yourselves .

9 – Use your own ideas to complete these sentences :-

1 – We’ll be late unless ………………….
2 – I like hot weather unless ………………..
3 – I like hot weather provided ………………….
4 – kate reads a newspaper every day as long as ……………….
5 – I don’t mind walking home as long as …………………………
6 – I like to walk to work in the morning unless ………………………
7 – We can meet tomorrow unless …………………….
8 – You can borrow the money providing …………………………
 9 – You won’t achieve anything unless …………………………….
10 – Read the passage and complete the from :-
Advances in technology and telecommunications have helped to establish English as a
global language . Many inventions are important to modern life such as electricity , radio, the car
and the telephone, were developed in Britain or the US . English became the language for
international communications in air traffic control and shipping . Now, major computer systems
and software developers are based in the US, and English is the Common language of the Internet

English and Technology

How English has become : …………………….”1” …………………
An imernational language : ……………………”2” ………………….
Internet and English : ……………………”3” …………………..
Inventions : ……………………”4” …………………..
Computer science base : ……………………”5” …………………..
English and communications : …………………..”6” ……………………
The role of English : ………………….”7” ……………………
11 – Write a paragraph eight sentences on : -
Advantages and disadvantages of telephones
Why telephone are necessary in our life .
Saving time and trouble .
Extra calls / extra money .
Source of noise .
An we do without telephones ?
12 – A) Translate into Arabic ;-
in the field of communication Egypt has achieved great progress . Modern telephone nets
have covered the country to meet the citizens ‘ needs .
B) Translate into English :-
. ‫ – يستطيع المواطن المصري ليوم أن يجري مكالمات تلفونية محلية و عالمية بسهولة‬1
‫ – برغم أن جهاز التليفون المحمول يعتبر خدمة اتصال رائعة إل أن الستخدام السلكي هو أحد‬2
. ‫المساوي‬
‫ – لقد اخترع العلماء جهاز التليفون الذي يمكنك أن تشاهد محدثك علي شاشة صغيرة كما أنه‬3
. ‫يراك أيضا‬
‫ – أترك رقمك التليفوني و سوف نعاود‬5 . ‫ – أريد التحدث إلي مدير الشركة من فضلك‬4
. ‫التصال بك‬
notice
take nothing but photographs . Leave nothing but footprints
They mean “ keep the environment clean “

Practice :-
1 – Leave nothing ( and) footprints .
2 – Hurghada and Safaga are (guest ) to tourists .
3 – Tourists go to the Red Sea ( because) the beauty of the scenery .
4 – A ( health ) coral is a living thing .
5 – Changes in the environment have a ( disaster ) effect .
6 – Every driver will ( train ) to get a licence .
7 – It is ( legal ) to drive without a licence .
 8 – Tourists come to the Red Sea ( because ) the beautiful environment .
9 – When a polyp ( die ) it becomes part of the reef .
10 – Tourists (stop) coming to the Red Sea resorts if they become polluted .
13 – Supply the missing word in each gap from the list :-
damaging – protect – skeletons – break – coast – slowly
1 – Thousands of tourists visit the Red Sea ……………every year .
2 – Coral reefs are formed by the ……………of millions of polyps .
3 – Changes to the environment ; mostly brought about by human beings are having a ………..
effect on the coral .
4 – Coral grows very ……………….
5 – If you ……………off a piece , it takes about 100 years for it to grow back .
6 – They are educating people about the need to ………….our heritage .
14 – Read the following passage then complete the notes in the ////
Those who watch the boat race on the Nile either from the bank of the river or on
television sets, know how exacting a sport rowing is, when it is a competition between boats
manned by some of the finest oarsmen in the world . But not everyone need aim at this standard .
Rowing is a pastime in which those who can afford a few pounds for the hire of a boat can indulge
on the river or the sea . Boys and girls alike can soon learn to enjoy the satisfaction that comes
from rowing smoothly and speedily through the water . with properly handled oars . Rowing
exercises the legs, the arms. The back and the abdominal muscles . Thus it is an excellent means of
keeping fit .

Rowing
The Nile Competition : ……………………………………..
Pastime : ……………………………………..
Uses : ……………………………………...
15 – Supply the missing parts in the following dialogues :-
Abber and Ranya are talking about the world heritage .
Abeer : You see Ranya that most of the wonders of the ancient wold disappeared .
Can you tell me why ?
Banya : ……………………..”1” ………………….
Abeer : That is why the world Heritage Committee has been established .
Ranya : …………………….”2” …………………..
Abeer : It is a world Committee which looks after the world heritage .
Ranya : ……………………”3’ ……………………
Abeer : It records the sites around the world of outstanding value . It also helps to
preserve these sites .
Ranya : ………………… “4” ……………………
Abeer : Yes, it offers financial help and staff training to poor countries .

16 – Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) in brackets :

to give the same meaning :-
1 – We are doing our best to protect our heritage . ( So that )
2 – Pollution has a harmful effect on the environment . ( Affects )
3 – The Red Sea coast is an area of natural beauty. ( That )
4 – Tourists go to Hurghada because of the scenery there . ( Because )
5 – A driver will have a test before he is given a driving licence . ( Until )
6 – Ahmed will do higher studies when he gets his BA . ( On )
 7 – She wrote a composition about her preferred career . ( Prefers )
8 – We acted on the spot according to the manager’s orders . ( As )
9 – The witness described the accident in detail . ( Description )
10 – The pay in her new job isn’t very good . ( Doesn’t )
17 – Write a paragraph of eight sentences about :-
The sort of life you would like to lead when you finish your education .
Guiding points :-
The job you would like to do . the place you prefer to live in .
Your future family . spending spare time .
18 A) Translate into Arabic :-
Nelson Mandela is one of the greatest African leaders who led a bitter struggle against
apartheid in South Africa . He was arrested and after 27 years in prison he was released in 1990 .
Four years later, in 1994 , free elections were held . Mandela’s party won and he become the first
black president of South Africa .
[ apartheid (n) . elections (n)
B) Translate into English :-
‫ل يستطيع أحد أن يتنبأ بما سيحدث في العالم خلل السنوات المقبلة و كل ما يمكن قوله هو‬
‫أننا سنواجه ثورة‬
. ‫غير مسبوقة في المعرفة و علج المراض‬
unprecedented (adj) . information (n) . revolution (n)
19 – Write a paragraph of eight sentences on : -
Tourist attractions on the Red Sea Coast . You can make use of the following ideas :-
Fascinating scenery . * clean beaches . * colar reefs . * colourful fish * practising water sports
The beauty of nature .
20 – Choose the correct word :-
1 – Horghada and Safaga are ( guest – hostess – host – resort )to hundreds of thousands of tourists .
2 – Tourists ( attracted – attract – were attracted – are attracted ) to Hurghada because of its
beautiful coral reef .
3 – He enjoys ( to play – the play – played -playing) tennis .
4 – I congratulate you ( for – by – on – with) passing your exam .
5 – I must ( forget – remember – apologise – remind ) for coming late .
6 – What ( funny – a fun – fun – the fun )the children had at Hurghada !
7 – Coral ( makes – can make – is made – was made ) of the bones of millions of tiny sea animals .
8 – We should ( courage – encourage – discourage – advise ) tourists from taking pieces of
coral home with them .
9 – They blamed the captain ( by – at – for – with )damaging the coral .
10 – Divers will come to Hurghada ( unless – as long as – if not – no longer ) the coral remains beautiful .
11 – The Red Sea resorts will be popular ( prvide that – in case of – if not – provided that ) they remain .
12 – We’re going to be in real ( fixing – fixer – fix – fax )if we destroy the coral .
13 – The secretary is busy ( to type – typed – typing – to typing )letters .
14 – ( Could – Will – Should – Might ) I speak to the manager, please ?
15 – Ahmed enjoys ( to read – the reading – reading – having read ) a novel .
16 – Yara felt ashamed ( by – with – from – of ) having spoken loudly .
17 – I prefer walking if you don’t ( annoy – mind – blame – speak ).
18 – Have you been to Luxor ( early – later – late – lately )?
19 – please ( let – accept – agree – allow )me to go home .
20 – Ahmed is slow ( in – with – of – at ) running .
21 – It ( gave – had – struck – took ) me a shock when I heard the news .
22 – It’s no good ( to try – be trying - tried – trying ) to deceive me .
23 – You’ll soon be ( use – used – used to – using ) speaking French when you live in France.
 24 – Ahmed was greatly ( impressive – impressed – impression – impress ) by her beauty .
25 – Alexandria is a very nice summer ( beach – sort – coast – resort ) .
26 – Egypt is famous ( of – for – by – with )its fine weather .
27 – The news ( was translated – had translated – were translated – translated ) into English .
28 – You ( needn’t – mustn’t – hadn’t – must ) drive down a one- way street .
29 – Hurghada is ( a guest – a waiter – a host – an air hostess )to tourists every year .
30 – ( Polyps – Buoys – Carol reefs – Anchors ) are limestone formations .
31 – Carol is ( organic – inorganic – metal – gas ).
32 – The carol reefs are national ( history – heritage – licence – buoy ) .
33 – Changes in the environment have a (healthy – delicate – disastrous – good )effect .
34 – The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency looks after the Red Sea (heritage – anchors
– captains – rubbish )
35 – The Red Sea beauty is destroyed , we ( national heritage – will have destroyed – would
have destroyed – had destroyed )
36 – Before he or she is given a licence every captain ( will have to pass – will have destroyed
– had to pass – might pass )
37 – The pyramids are the most important Egyptian (project – coral reefs – souvenirs –heritage)
38 – Coral reefs are ( inorganic – limestone – recent – man made )formations .
39 – Captains use ( coral reefs – licences – buoys – resorts )to tie their boats up to them .
40 – Coral takes about 100 years to ( break off – grow – dive – operate ).
41 – It is ( lawful – legal – illegal –right )to destroy the coral reefs in Egypt .
42 – Before an exam, try to relax while the exam papers are given ( on – at – out – up ) .
43 – ( Provide – Providing – Unless – Provide that) you got up early , you’ll catch the train .
44 – Tourists won’t come to visit Egypt ( unless – as long as – so long as – if )we look after the environment .
45 – Pollution would discourage tourists ( of – at – from – by ) coming to Safaga .
46 – The EEAA charged captain ( of – with – by – on ) polluting the beach .
47 – The Egyptian Environmental Affairs is responsible ( of – to – with – for) protecting our
Red Sea heritage .
48 – I’ll write to you every week ( unless – provided – while – so ) you promise to reply .
49 – ( As long as – Unless – Although – In order that ) you want to learn Italian , you’ll need
a teacher to help you .
50 – ( Unless – Provided – So While ) I go to Alex . I’ll travel by air .
51 – ( Unless – Provided – So While ) I have enough money, I won’t buy the car .
52 - ( Unless – Provided – So While ) I need more money, I’ll borrow from my uncle .
53 – ( As long as – Unless – Provided –If) you finish your homework . you won’t watch TV.
54 – ( Provided – Unless – So that – In order that )weather is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic .
55 – ( Provided – Unless – If – As long as) I eat breakfast , I’ll get hungry ..
56 – ( If – Unless – So that – Provided )you study the lesson well, you won’t pass the test .
57 – ( Provided – Unless – So that – In order that) you take the umbrella . you won’t get wet .
58 – Was in a difficult situation . He was in a ( light – right –tight – fight) spot .
59 – I’ll be at home on Friday morring . You can ( phoned – phones – phoning – phone )me then
60 – You won’t achieve anything ( if – providing – provided – unless )you design a plan .
61 –I’m playing tennis tomorrow ( unless – if – providing – provide) it is raining .
62 – Would you like ( talking – talk –to talk – to talking ) to the assistant ?
63 – Carol is made ( for – of – by – with ) the bones of millions of tiny sea animals .
64 – The most serious changes in the environment (brought about – are brought – bring about –
brings about )by human mterference
65 – Coral reefs attract thousands of ( colourful – coloured – colourless – colour )fish .
66 – I’ll go on that journey ( provide – provides – as long as – provide ) you go , too .
67 – A ( committee – heritage – wonder – list ) is a group of people chosen to do a particular job
68 – ( Finance – Heritage – Camp – Health ) is concerned with money .
69 – Each person’s fingerprints are ( common – unique – similar – alike) .
 70 – There were seven ( wanders – wonders – sites – volume ) of the ancient world .
71 – Ahmed wanted to speak to the doctor, so he (held – dialled – hanged – engaged ) the number
72 – Ahmed could not continue the call because the line ( cut – cut off – returned – rang) .
73 – Ahmed did not want to discuss the problem ( with – over – at – upon )the telephone .
74 – Ahmed was in a real difficulty . He was in a real ( fox – fax – fix – fig) .
75 – The main ( stumble – stumbling – stumbled – stumble )block in the project was money .
76 – We must preserve our cultural ( possession – ownership – heritage – property) for next generations
77 – Egypt tries to be the ( host – visitor – companion – gathering ) country for the next world
football cup for young men under 18 .
78 – Is there anything in ( general – particular – common – custom ) you want to tell your
teacher about the exam ?
79 – We saw a dinosaur ( form – organ – fame – skeleton ) in the Natural History Museum .
80 – This photograph shows three ( races – tribes – generations – groups ) in the family ; you
can see grandparents , parents and children
81 – The mistake he made was so ( valuable – disastrous – useful – precious )that it will ruin his
future as a businessman .
82 – The projects carried out by the government will bring ( out – about – on – up )prosperity and welfare .
83 – The boy felt frustrated because he couldn’t stand his parents ( conference – interference –
reference – preference )in his affairs .
84 – The child broke ( in – out – off – up ) a part of the big chocolate and gave it to his younger sister .
85 – It is unhealthy to ( dump – disuse – avoid – reserve ) piles of rubbish at the side of the street .
86 – He has to get a driving ( ticket – paper – licence – certificate ) to be able to drive his father’s car .
87 – The mother asked her son to handle the pot carefully as it is very ( hard – fragile – tough – strong ).
88 – He was happy when he knew he had ( succeeded – failed – passed – missed ) the test .
89 – He is a ( wholesome – healthy – strong – delicate ) child; he suffers from diseases many
times a year .
90 – Marina is a popular coastal summer ( source – resource – resort – passage ) Many people
like to spend their summer holidays there .
91 – ( The most tourists – Most of tourists – Most tourists – Most ) don’t visit this part of the town.
92 – What’s the man ( you borrowed his car – which car you borrowed – Whose car you
borrowed – his car you borrowed )
93 – What tine will you arrive ?” “ I don’t know . It depends ( of – for – from – on ) the traffic .
94 – Protecting these sites is ( to us – is on us – up to us – up us ) the traffic “.
95 – The list ( contains – includes – involves – consists ) twenty five names .
96 – ( Do – Make – Have – Are ) sure that the tank is full of petrol .

Unit 19

Breeze Erupt ‫يتفجر‬ Blizzard Thunderstorm ‫عاصفة‬

Spins ‫يدوم –يدور‬ Radiate ‫يشع‬ Drought ‫الجفاف‬ Tornado
Fossil ‫حفريات‬ Submerge ‫يفرق‬ Heart wave ‫موجه‬ Average ‫متوسط‬
‫حرارة‬
Humidity ‫الرطوبة‬ Volcanic Hurricane ‫العصار‬ Arctic ‫القطب الشمالي‬
Emit ‫يقذف‬ Infrared ‫تحت‬ Lightning ‫البرق‬ Antarctic ‫القطب‬
‫الحمراء‬ ‫الجنوبي‬
1 – Supply the missing parts in the following mini- dialogues
1 – A student is asking his teacher for a piece of advice .
Student : How can I enrich my language, sir ?
Teacher : ………………………………….. ( Advising )
2 – Ahmed and Ali are discussing the best way of spending their weekend .
Ahmed : ………………………………….. ( Suggesting )
Ali : …………………………………. ( Disagreeing )
2 – Read the following passage and then answer the questions :-
Violent storms cause damage and deaths all over the world , but sometimes people make
the consequences worse . When summer brings very hot weather , many people suffer more than
they need to . There are a number of ways to make life more comfortable in the heat . First of all ,
you can try to keep your home, as cool as possible . It is best to close all the windows and
curtains during the hottest part of the day . Then , when it is cooler in the evening, you can open
them up again . In these days huge areas of American forests are burned down . This takes place
in other parts of the world such as Greece and south America . Scientists believe began thousands
of years ago . Many areas of the earth used to be covered with ice that has now melted .
However, in recent years, the warming trend has speeded up . Scientists think that part of the
reason for this many be carbon dioxide pollution from industry and automobiles . The carbon
dioxide mixes with other gases . This pollution . The earth like a blanket that keeps it warmer .
Another reason for the warming may be the fact that the earth is losing its forests . Forests are an
important part of the earth’s system for using up carbon dioxide ad keeping the air temperature cool .
A) Answer the following questions :-
1 – How can we adapt ourselves to severe weather conditions ?
2 – Show that forest destruction leads to global warming .
3 – What does the underlined phrase “ like a blanket that keeps it warmer “ mean ?
4 – Why has ice in frozen countries meted at present ?
B) Choose the correct answer :-
5 – When it is very hot, it is ( advised to open the windows – advised not to open the windows –
preferable to draw off the curtains – comfortable to sleep all through the day )
6 – The ( limited – less – fewer – more )industries and means of transport are, the more carbon
dioxide is released in the atmosphere .
7 – Global warming ( is a recent phenomenon – is diminishing – is a result of carbon dioxide
pollution – helps to cultivate more crops )

3 – Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) in brackets to

give the same meaning :-
1 – Do not use the phone during a thunderstorm . ( While )
2 – It is impossible to reach a compromise between the two countries . ( Reaching)
3 – Being struck by lightning is painful . ( Pain )
4 – They believe that lightning is extremely dangerous . ( Is believed)
5 – Is it safe to go swimming during a thunderstorm ? ( Is swimming )
4 – Choose the correct answer :-
1 – Visibility is very poor . It is ( rainy – stormy – cloudy – windy )and foggy .
2 – I put off my journey because of the ( dewy – sunny – stormy – muddy ) weather .
3 – One feels too hot when ( humidity – visibility –moisture – dampness ) is excessively high .
 4 – Air ( visibility – temperature – storms – pressure )is usually low on tops of mountains .
5 – The higher we go , ( the lowest – the lower – lower – the low ) the air pressure .
5 – Supply the missing parts in the following mini – dialogue :-
Ahmed : What happens if the carbon dioxide increases in the air ?
Yara : ……………………..”1” …………………….
Ahmed : …………………….”2” ……………………..
Yara : When the temperature risers , ice melts .
Ahmed : Was there global warming long ago ?
Yara : ……………………”3” ……………………
Ahmed : ……………………”4” …………………… ?
Yara : There was no carbon dioxide pollution, and there were forests that absorb carbon dioxide .
C – READING COMPREHENSION
6 – Read the passage and write notes on the passages :-
I should take exercise every day even if it’s running for the bus or walking to school . I
should try to play games regularly . If can’t , I should walk instead of going by bus or metro .
Exercise keeps one healthy because it’s good for one’s heart and lungs . Without exercise , the
limbs grow soft, the heart and the lungs weaken , the blood is not kept pure, and so the whole body
becomes unhealthy .

To keep fit , : ………………………………

A void : ………………………………
When you practice exercise : ………………………………

7 – Read the passage, then answer the questions :-

CONERVTION OF THE ENVIONMENT
Conservation means preservation of forests , water power and animals . Energy , too , can be
conserved . It is known that the ozone layer protects the universe from ultra violet rays that have a
destructive effect on man and his health . This happens when carbon dioxide and other pollutants
cause gaps or holes in the ozone layer with the result that ultra violet rays pass through the
universe . They cause heat to rise so that snow melts and as a result the level of sea and ocean
waters rise and cover vast areas of land . As a matter of fact , the weakening and the decrease of
the ozone layer bring about a decrease in fish and agricultural production . Therefore , the
conservation of the ozone layer is a necessity if man is to survive . His life is connected with the
existence of the ozone layer without holes or gaps . Moreover , petrochemical compounds .
exhaust fumes, toxic emissions and the misuse of insecticides are time bombs that threaten the
environment with damage and pollution . Over and above, many species of animals are in danger
of dying out . There must be laws to prevent hunting rare animals . The conservation of the ozone
layer is the responsibility of the United Nations Organization . Collective efforts of all nations are
required to combat pollution . More important still is the fact that the increase of trees and
extensive Greenland is a must so that oxygen may increase and carbon dioxide decrease .
A) Answer the following questions :-
1 – Why are too much ultra –violet rays harmful ?
2 – What must be done to keep some special groups or sorts of animals alive ?
3 – What does the increase of trees bring about ?
4 – How are gaps and holes in the ozone layer caused ?
B) Choose the correct answer :-
5 – Conservation of the environment means ( to keep it from the ozone layer – to preserve the
forests – to keep or preserve it from change , loss or damage – to decrease the ozone layer )
6 – Species of animals means ( pieces of animals – special groups or sorts of animals – pets and
tame animals – hunters and groups or sorts of special animals )
 7 – It is inadvisable for man ( to conserve the environment – to preserve the forests and trees –
to cause the increase of the ozone layer – to decrease the ozone layer )
8 – Read the following letter and write a reply to it : -
You live at 50 El – Naser Street , Giza

10 Orabi Street ,
Matrouh .
6th Match
Dear Dr. Hisham,
I’m worried that the earth’s climate is warming up . What are the
reasons for that ? Is it carbon dioxide ? Or that ice has been melted ! Some people say that the
earth has lost its forests please, write and tell me about it . What solutions do you suggest ?
Yours faithfully ,

9 – Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue :-

Tarek : ……………………….. “1” ………………………… ?
Sherif : The atmosphere wasn’t polluted because there were no cars and no factories at that time
Tarek : What about towns and cities ?
Sherif : ……………………….. “2” ………………………….
Tarek : Quieter ! This means there was less population .
Sherif : ………………………. “3” ………………………….
Tarek : ………………………. “4” ………………………….. ?
Sherif : People were healthier . They ate more fruit and vegetables .
10 – Write of about eight sentences about “ Causes of global warming”
Guiding points :-
Change of heat – volcanic dust – carbon dioxide – infrared - radiation – cars .

8 – Clause of condition

[ If , Unless ] ‫تحتوي الجملة الشرطية علي جملة فعل الشرط و هي التي تبدأ بكلمة‬
-: ‫و جلة جواب للجملة الشرطية ثلثة أنواع و هي‬

If ( I ) Type ‫ مضارع بسيط‬X ‫ – النوع الول ( المحتمل ) مستقبل‬1

. ‫و يستعمل هذا النوع ليعبر عن شرط محتمل الوقوع في الحاضر أو المستقبل‬
1 – If the runs, he will get there in time . 2 – The cat will scratch Yara if Yara pulls its tail .
. ‫ل حـظ أن عن الممكن أن يكون جواب الشرط فعل مضارع وذلك في حالة الحقائق‬

If (2 ) Type ‫ ماضي بسيط‬Would X + ‫ – النوع الثاني ( غير محتمل ) مصدر‬2

 ‫و يستعمل هذا النوع ليعبر عن حدث غير محتمل الوقوع في الوقوع في الحاضر ول المستقبل‬
‫و بالرغم من أن الفعل‬
. ‫في الماضي إل أنه يشير إلي المضارع‬
1 – If I had a map, I would lend it to you ( But I haven’t a map ) .
2 – If someone tried to blackmail Yara, she would tell the police .
3 – If I lived near my institute , I’d be in time for work ( But don’t live )
4 – If I were you, I’d plant some trees round the house ( But I am not you ) .

Type ( 3 ) If ‫ ماضي تام‬PP. + have * would , should x ) ‫ – النوع الثالث ( المستقبل‬3

‫و يستعمل هذا النوع ليعبر ع حدث عن حدث مستقبل الحدوث لنه و قع في الماضي و انهي‬
. ‫ولم‬
1 – If Ahmed had succeeded m, he would have joined the university .
2 – If we had found him earlier , we might have saved his life .
-: ‫ و لكن في الثبات‬If ‫ بدل من‬provided that ‫استعمال‬

Omission of ( If ) if ‫حالت حذف‬

‫ و في هذه الحالة تبدأ الجملة‬unless ‫ أو‬If ‫أحيانا نحذف من الجملة الشرطية أداة الشرط‬
‫الشرطية بإحدى الكلمات‬
* should – were – had * ‫التية‬
. ‫ في الحالة الولي أو الثانية‬If ‫و تحل محل‬ should – 1
1 – If see him, I will tell him – should I see him , I will tell him .
-: ‫ نرد فعل الجملة إلي المصدر مثل‬should ‫و في الحالة الثانية إذا بدأنا الجملة‬
2 – If I saw him , I would tell him . * should I see him , I would tell him .
. to + ‫ في الحالة الثانية و ترد الفعل الشرطي إلي المصدر‬if ‫ تحل محل‬were – 2
1 – If I had money, I would buy a car = were I to have money, I would buy a car .
2 – If I were you, I would study . = were I you , I would study .
‫ في الحالتين الثالثة و الثانية و في الحالة الثانية تستعمل‬If ‫ بدل من‬had ‫ – يمكن استعمال‬3
‫ بمفردها‬had
. ‫ مع التصريف الثالث‬had ‫و في الحالة الثالثة تستعمل‬
1 – If Ahmed had money , he would buy a car = had he money, he would buy a car .
2 – If I had succeeded , I would have joined the university . = had I succeeded , I would have
joined the university .

If it were not for + noun would + (4) ‫مصدر‬

. ‫ ) في الحالة الثالثة‬without , but for ( ‫و يستخدم هذا التعبير بدل من‬
1 – But for the traffic , he wouldn’t go to work by train .
= It were not for the traffic , he wouldn’t go to work by train .
2 – Without money we wouldn’t buy our needs . = If it were not money, we wouldn’t buy our needs

5 – If it had not been for + ‫… اسم‬.. would have P.P.

. ‫ ) في الحالة الثالثة‬without , but for ( ‫ – و يستخدم هذا التعبير بدل من‬5
1 – But for the traffic he wouldn’t have gone to work by train .
= If it had not been for the traffic , he wouldn’t have gone to work .

6 – Even If

‫ ) عندما تريد القول بان فعل الشرط ليس له علقة تأثير علي جواب الشرط‬even if ( ‫ – نستخدم‬6
: ‫كما في المثلة التية‬
1 – It won’t make any difference if the weather is bad because we will do ( even ) .
­ Even if the weather is bad , we will go .
 . If ‫ و تستعمل في جميع حالت‬If not = unless ‫ل حظ جيدا أن‬
[ Modal verbs in conditional sentences ]
must ‫ تدل علي السماح‬can ‫ عن المكانيات و‬may ‫ علي الحتمال القوي و‬will ‫* في الحالة الولي ( تدل‬
. ‫يمكن أن تعبر عن النصيحة‬
. ‫ تنفني القدرة‬could ‫ عن المكانيات و‬might ‫ عن الترجيح و‬would ‫* في الحالة الثانية تتغير‬
. ‫ بمعني لكان حدث عكس ما وقع‬would have + P.P ‫* و في الحالة الثالثة‬
‫ تعني لقد كان‬.could + have + P.P / . ‫تفي لربما كان حدث ما وقع‬ . might + have + P.P
. ‫يمكنك‬
If only = I wish ‫ أتمني‬/ ‫ليت‬
I wish I could meet him – 1 . ‫ فقط إذا كان التمني في المستقبل‬we / I ‫ مع‬could ‫ – تستخدم‬1 - : ‫أول‬
. next week
I wish he would visit us . ‫ مع بقية الضمائر فإذا كان التمني في المستقبل‬would ‫نستخدم‬
. tomorrow
. I wish Yara were tall – 2 . ‫ مع جميع الضمائر إذا كان التمني في المضارع‬were ‫ – تستخدم‬2
I wish I saw – 3 . ‫ – تستخدم الماضي البسيط لتغير عن أمنية ل تتحقق في الوقت الحاضر‬3
. Ahmed now
. ‫ ] للتعبير عن أمنية لم تتحقق في الماضي‬. had + p .p [ ‫ – تستخدم الماضي التام‬4
4 – I wish [ if only ] I had seen Ahmed last night .
-: ‫ في الحلتين الثانية و الثالثة‬if ‫ محل‬if only ‫ يمكن أن تحل‬-:‫ثانيا‬
1 – If only I had enough money, I would buy a car .
2 – I f only I had had enough money , I would have bought a car .
only if / If only ‫الفرق بين‬
unless / provided that / as long as = only if ‫أما‬
* Ahmed can hear you only if you shout . * Ahmed can’t hear you unless you shout .
) If ( ‫لن عزيزى الطالب كيف تربط جملتين باستخدام‬h
‫ – إذا كان بالجملة ما يدل علي أن الفعل محتمل الحدوث مثل عبارة نطيق الحالة الولي ول‬1
. ‫نعكس حالة الفعل‬
* It is probable that Yara will come . It is probable that I will see her . = If Yara comes , I’ll see her
‫ – إذا كانت الجملتين مضارع تطبق الحالة الثانية و نعكس حالة الفعل فتجعل المثبت منفي و المنفي‬2
. ‫مثبت‬
* Yara is shy , she doen’t enjoy parties ( if) . = If she were not shy, she would enjoyed parties .

. ‫ – إذا كان الفعلن ماضي نطبق الحالة الثالثة و تعكس حالة الفعل‬3
* Yara was shy, she didn’t enjoy parties ( join using : if ) .
= If Yara had not been shy, she would have enjoyed parties .
‫ إذا كن الفعل الول منفي و الثاني مضارع نجعل فعل الشرط حالة ثالثة ( ماضي تام ) و فعل جواب‬- 4
. ‫الشرط حالة ثانية‬
* I didn’t save money when I was young so I’m not rich now ( if) .
= If I had saved money when I was young , I would be rich now .
* Yara didn’t sing when we made party so she isn’t happy now ( if) .
= If Yara and sung we made party , she would be happy .
‫ ) و هذا هو السبب نحذفها و نجعل‬therefore thus so / that’s why ( ‫ل حــــظ جيدا عند وجود‬
‫الفعل الول فعل شرط‬
. ‫و الثاني جواب الشرط‬
* Yara didn’t attend the last lesson that’s why she didn’t answer .
= If Yara had attended the lesson, she would have answered .
‫ ) نحذفها و نجعل الفعل‬owing to being – because of – As – because ( ‫أما إذا كانت هناك‬
‫الول جواب شرط‬
.. ‫و الفعل الثاني فعل شرط‬
* Lamiss did not answer the questions because she didn’t attend the lecture [ begin with :if ] .
= Lamiss would have answered the questions if she attended the lecture .
1 – Rewrite these sentences using if :-
1 – Lamiss doesn’t wipe her feet, so she make muddy marks on the floor .
2 – He never shaves, that’s the only reason he looks unattractive .
3 – It took us a long time to find house because the streets were not market .
4 – I only came up the stairs because the lift wasn’t working .
5 – Yara hasn’t got a vacuum cleaner , that’s why she is so slow .
6 – Yara has got a vacuum cleaner ,that’s why she is so hurry .
2 – Do as required in brackets :-
1 – I didn’t know he was so quarrel so . I’m sorry now that I invited him . ( Use : If )
2 – Yara must be here on time . She will not be allowed to enter . ( Use : Unless )
3 – Would you have visited him last year ? ( Respond )
4 – Unless he had been careful he would have died . ( Had …. )
5 – He failed because of his carelessness . ( Use : Unless )
6 – If she arrived early she would help you . ( B . W : Were )
7 – The examiner read the passage very quickly so the candidates didn’t understand it . (Use :if)
8 – Yara got high marks owing to her cleverness . ( Use : if )
9 – Being an happy , Yara didn’t see us . ( Use : if )
10 – As Yara got up earls she finished all her work . ( Use : If )
11 – He was killed because of his bad behavior . ( Use : if )
12 – Yara was hit that’s why she wept . . 13 – Mr. Khaled hit us therefore we studied .
3 – Practice : Correct the verbs :-
1 – If I went there, I ( buy ) a new suit .
2 – If he helps me, (thank) him .
3 – If it rains, plants ( grow ) .
4 – If they saw the film , they (enjoy ) it .
5 – He would have waited if he (know )
6 – We would come if he ( ask) us .
7 – If I had gone to Paris , I (see) the Eiffel Tower .
8 – If you melt ice, it ( become ) water .

GARMMAR
Deductions ‫الستنتاجات‬
A . In the present .
1 – He is tired . ( certain ( . 2 – He must be tired ( near certain ) .
3 – He may be tired . ( uncertain ) . 4 – He might be tired ( very uncertain ) .
. ‫ هنا لتعطي معني عدم التأكد إلي كبير ول يعني في زمن الماضي‬might ‫نستخدم‬
B . In the past
1 – He was tired . ( certain ) . 2 – He must have been tired ( near certain ) .
3 – He may have been tired ( uneertain ) . 4 – He may have been tired . ( very uneeration )
Negation ‫النفي‬
* He must be tired . * He can’t be tired .
* He must have been tired . * He can’t have been tired .
1 – Choose the correct answer :-
1 – If Ahmed ( came – had come – would come – would have come ) with us, he would have a good time
2 – I would have attended the meeting if I ( have had – had – had had – would have) time .
3 – If I had known you were coming , I ( waited – would wait – would have waited – could wait) for you
 4 – If you go to the Cairo Exhibition,you (enjoy– will enjoy– will have enjoyed – would enjoy) it
5 – If you ( will go – would go – go – went )out, please buy me the newspaper .
6 – He won’t catch the train if he (didn’t pack – doesn’t pack– hadn’t packed – won’t pack) soon.
7 – If he used the knife in the correct way , he ( won’t cut – wouldn’t cut – didn’t cut – couldn’t
cut )his finger .
8 – If they don’t put out the fire, all the flat (will burn– would burn – will be burnt – would burnt)
9 – Ahmed (read – didn’t read – wouldn’t read – won’t read) the book unless he borrows it .
2 – Choose the correct answer :-
1 – Ahmed is absent ,he (must – must be – must have been – cannot be) ill .
2 – It has got wings ; so it (can’t – will –mustn’t – must) be a bird.
3 – He didn’t come to school last week . He (must be – can be – can’t have been – must have been) ill
4 – It ( must be – can’t be – can be – must have been) my homework, it isn’t my handwriting .
5 – I’m not sure ; he (might be – might have been – must be – must have been) tired when he
stopped working .
6 – Yara ( must be – can’t be – must have been – can’t have been) out when I phoned as no one answered
7 – Last week, I saw a doctor going to my neighbour’s house. Someone there ( may be – must be
– must have been – can’t be ) ill .
8 – Yara ( must – can – can’t – might ) have telephoned becaouse I was in all day .
9 – Ahmed ( must drink – won’t drink – can’t have drunk – must have drunk )the tea there isn’t
any in the cup .
10 – Ahmed has just been told of his success; he ( must be – may be – might be – can’t be) angry
11 – Is isn’t my handwriting it ( must be – mustn’t be – can’t be – couldn’t be )my homework .
12 – She was absent yesterday . she ( must be – may be – must have been – might be ) ill .
13 – When I phone //// he didn’t answer . He ( can’t be – must have been – may – might be) out .
14 – Ahmed ( might – may – can’t – mustn’t ) have telephoned because I was in all day .
15 – Her plane arrived at seven o’clock , so she (may be – must be – might be – is ) at home now
16 – I am very uncertain . He ( might play – may play – might have played – must play ) football yesterday .
17 – We are nearly certain . She ( must have passed – has passed – may have passed - can pass) the exam
18 – If they had had enough time, they ( will go – could go – could have gone – had gone) to
a summer resort .
19 – ( Because of – Despite – In case of – But for) his intelligence, he could have achieved such
a wonderful success .
20 – ( In case of – As a result of – In spite of – But for ) their patience and endurance, they
achieved their aims .
21 – ( Without – Despite – In case of – Owing to ) the high dam , we might have faced the
fluctuations of floods .
22 – Ahmed was proficient in English , ( however – if – so – because ) he got throught the interview .
3 – Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) in brackets to
give the meaning :-
1 – I’m very uncertain that he received the letter . ( Might )
2 – Without working hard, he won’t succeed . ( If )
3 – She didn’t finish her work because she was ill . ( If )
4 – Leave five minutes at the end of the exam to check your work . ( For )
5 – Tomorrow’s afternoon will be full of sun . ( Sunny )
6 – I advise you not to swim during a storm . ( Should )
7 – It’s better to stay inside a building . ( ‘D rather )
8 – Sound travels faster than light . ( Slower )
9 – Scientists think that lightning is very dangerous . ( It is )
10 – Most farmers are struck by lightning because they spend a lot of time out in the fields .(If)
11 – I’m not a lawyer ; I cannot defend her . ( If )
12 – I’m not London ; I can’t go to Hyde park . ( If )
13 – Ahmed didn’t help her ; so she didn’t finish in time . ( If)
14 – Ahmed disobeyed his teacher , so he was punished . ( If)
15 – Without hard work , you will fail . ( If)
16 – Due to his carelessness , he lost his money . ( If)
17 – Without his father’s money , he will go bankrupt . ( If)
18 – The lorry driver was so careful that he was able to avoid a terrible accident . ( Unless )
19 – But for my help , he would fail . ( Unless )
20 – In case of illness , you should stay at home . ( If)
21 – This school was certainly built before 1980 . ( Must )
22 – His plane arrived at the airport at five o’clock ; I think he is on his way home . (Must )
23 – He was late; I suppose he probably missed the eight o’clock train . ( Have)
24 – This is most unlikely to be my pen as my pen fell in the river . ( Can’t )
25 – I am very uncertain he received my letter . ( Have received )
26 – I am not sure he was injured in the accident . ( Might )
27 – I am nearly certain he played football yesterday . ( Must )
28 – I am very uncertain he got the Prize . ( Have )
29 – I am uncertain he travelled to the country . ( Have )
30 – /////// my uncle went shopping . ( Have )
31 – The teacher is trying to solve the problem of the pupils who were absent . ( Solution )
32 – You have to do the homework now or you won’t finish . ( Unless )
33 – He didn’t visit his uncle because he was ill . ( If)
34 – If you don the exercise , the teacher will be pleased . ( Providing )
35 – I am sure he went to the library . ( Must )
36 – You can’t smoke here . ( Forbidden)
37 – In Stratford , we saw Shakespeare’s birthplace . ( We saw the house )
38 – They crossed the river in three minutes. ( It took )
39 – They will take me to the theatre next week . (I)
40 – After I had paid the bill , I left the hop . ( Before )
41 – Tourists go to the Red Sea coast because of the beauty of the scenery . ( Beautiful )
42 – When a polyp dies, it leaves behind a hard limestone skeleton . ( Death )
43 – You would expect the coral reefs to the reef . ( They more )
44 – But for his serious illness, he would have sat for the exam . ( If)
45 – Most metals expand by heating . ( When )
46 – Yara couldn’t realize her dreams . She never planned for the future . (As a result )
47 – We think he was a hero; he gave his life for his country . ( Must have )
48 – Having finished all his tasks, he had enough time to relax . (Unless )
49 – In case of coming late, he would lose much . ( Unless )
50 – Because of his long travels, he has gained wide experience . ( So )
51 – Ahmed regretted that he hadn’t helped his son . ( Blamed himself )
52 – I couldn’t hear him because he was just whispering . ( If)
53 – During his free time , he deiced to review all these reports . ( As long as )
54 – Yara was very cautious and so she avoided a lot of trouble . ( If)
55 – If they pay attention , they will understand the issue . ( Unless )
56 – Yara didn’t help any of her friends . She was very selfish . ( If)
57 – If she hadn’t finished on time, she couldn’t have got a break . ( Unless )
58 – Ahmed didn’t attend the lecture . He was unable to understand it . ( If)
59 – During thunderstorms, negative electric charges in clouds are attached to positive charges
on the ground . ( When )
60 – Climatic changes have serious effects on all living things . ( Affect )
61 – I was quite sure that he didn’t commit this serous crime on purpose . ( Can’t …)
62 – I n the past there weren’t many serious diseases, so people were happier . ( There must )
63 – Do not use the phone during a thunderstorm . ( While )
 64 – It is impossible to reach a compromise between the two countries . ( Reaching )
65 – Being struck by lightning is painful . ( Pain )
66 – They believe that lightning is extremely dangerous . ( Is believed )
67 – Is it safe to go swimming during a thunderstorm ? ( Is swimming ? )
4 – Choose the correct answer :-
1 – People who are ( strike – striking – struck – strikes )by lightning die .
2 – It isn’t safe to go ( to swim – swimming – swim – swims )during a storm .
3 – Light travels ( quick – quickly – quicker – quickest ) than sound .
4 – Lightning is ( extreme – extremely – extremes – extremity )dangerous .
5 – When struck by lightning , some people become ( conscious – unconsciously – unconscious
– unconsciousness )
6 – A heatwave is a period of ( unusual – usually – unusually – usual ) hot weather .
7 – During thunderstorms, negative electric charges are attracted ( at – for – with – to ) poitive charges .
8 – If Yara had been more careful, she ( won’t make – wouldn’t have made – wouldn’t make –
made ) all these mistakes .
9 – This ( can’t – must be – shouldn’t – may not be ) his villa as he is very rich .
10 – Yara used a piece of cloth to ( melt – emerge – absorb – clean )the ink .
11 – Most of the ( rest – survivors – remainders – existing )after the accident were injured .
12 – There ( will be – would be – would have – should be )more global warming unless we stop
destroying forests .
13 – ( Climates – Forests – Areas – Changes )are important as they absorb carbon dioxide .
14 – To solve the problem of warming up , rich countries need to think ( global – globe –
globally – globalizing )
15 – Carbon dioxide makes the sun’s ( heat – rays – chine – show )more intense .
16 – A global ( solution – discussion – meeting – problem) can avoid a global disaster .
17 – If we cool water , it ( will turn – would turn – turn – turns )into ice .
18 – Unless I was rich , I ( would buy - - won’t buy – wouldn’t buy – didn’t buy )a house with a garden .
19 – I’m near certain that life ( can be – may be – might be – must be) quieter in the past .
20 – If I( am – was – were – be ) you, I wouldn’t smoke .
21 – Some people who are struck by lightning are ( killed – happy – angry – sad ) .
22 – It is dangerous to go ( reading – eating – swimming – walking ) during a storm .
23 – A (drought – flood – wave – storm ) is a very large amount of water that covers an area of land

24 – My parents are fed up ( of – for – on – with ) my young brother’s tricks .

25 – Ahmed applied ( to – for – at – on )the job of a tour guide .
26 – Ahmed was angry ( with – at – of – about ) what his friend had done .
27 – If he is still in office, I ( shall – would – had – am ) visit him .
28 – ( Unless – Provided – In case of – In order to ) I succeed , I won’t go to Alexandria .
29 – If I ( am you – were you – had been you – have been you ) I would ask him to forgive me .
30 – If he ( is – was – has been – had been ) well, he would have gone to school .
31 – Ahmed ( may be – must be – might have been – must have been ) out because no one
answered my telephone .
32 – We have to ( melt – smelt – dissolve – solidify )an ore to get the metal .
33 – Mohammed ( took part – took place – replaced – placed )in the school play and proved to
be a good actor .
34 – We should do our best to ( protect – destroy – ruin – damage ) our heritage .
35 – He was in real ( ease – fix – relief – facility ) when he was caught staling his neighbor’s money .
36 – Coral ( sides – reefs – edges – lines )are a great beauty .
37 – He performed a heart ( transfer – transplant – transform – transfusion )and is now recovering .
38 – Metals ( dilate – expand – contract – shrink )when they are cooled .
39 – I have pain in my stomach so I’m going to a ( physician – surgeon – dentist – psychiatrist ).
40 – The submarine of the enemies ( emerged – submerged – floated – rose )under the sea .
 41 – The heat of the sun could ( melt – smelt – solve – solidify )the ice .
42 – The fallen tree has ( completely – fully – partially – partly )blocked the road and we could hardly pass .
43 – The increase of carbon dioxide can ( increase – reduce – change – modify ) humidity .
44 – The power station was dangerous, and as a ( result – consequently –reason – cause ) it was
closed down .
45 – Global warming is a problem that ( affect – affecting – affects – effective )every person .
46 – The best way is to use ( general – common – large – public )transport at present .
47 – Some governments can help to ( reducing – reduce – reduces – reduced )global warming .
48 – Black smoke was ( taken – received – absorbed – emitted)when the fire broke out in the forest .
49 – The submarine ( emerged – submerged – floated – ascended )sunder the sea when the
enemy ships appeared ;so it was not seen .
50 – The hot sun ( smelted – solidified – melted – solved) the ice and water poured down the hill
51 – The power station was shown was shown to be dangerous, and as a ( cause – consequence –
reason – trace) it was closed down .
52 – I’ve drawn the plan (roughly –exactly – accurately – smoothly ) just to give you an idea but
I’ll make full studies later on .
53 – The wide road was ( completely – fully – partially – absolutely ) blocked by a fallen tree;
only car could pass .
54 – In the nuclear ( age – year – date – time ) there is no room for wars that may end our civilization .
55 – The increase of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s ( humidity – atmosphere – rainfall – moisture)
causes global warming .
56 – The ( construction – destruction – instruction – structure) of the rain forests brings about
serious global consequences .
57 – When will the ceremony take ( part – hold – place – value) ?
58 – Pollution is a threat to the ( personal – individual – special – global )environment .
59 – The dry sand ( digested – expelled – absorbed –dismissed) the water that fell on it .
60 – The radiator gives ( up – out – in – on )a lot of heat .
61 – Plants that need protection from cold weather are grown in ( greenhouses – green fields –
green patches – green tubes ) .
62 – Burning rocks, fire, smoke and lave come out when the volcano ( opens – erupts – blows – attacks)
63 – What about ( humidity – warming – pollution – weather ) at night ? It will be 50% .
64 – The weather ( news – forecast – atmosphere – area )must have been wrong .
65 – Global warming means climatic ( emissions – changes – temperatures – symbols ).
66 – In the past, people were healthier as there weren’t many ( diseases – vegetables – crops – hospitals)
67 – As it was hot, they decided to spend all the day on the ( sand – beach – train – bus).
68 – When the temperature rises , carbon – water – ice – level )melts .
69 – There wasn’t much ( travel – traffic – help – pollution )so, the streets were quiet .
70 – Changes in the world’s climate(has taken– took– had taken – have taken) place over the ages.
71 – In Egypt the weather was ( cool – coolest – the coolest – cooler )and there was more rainfall
. 72 – When a volcano erupts, a huge amount of dust ( sends – is sending – is sent – will send) into
the atmosphere .
73 – Global warming is a problem that(affects on - - effects – affects – had affected)every country
74 – The amount of carbon dioxide( must – has to - - may – will have to )be reduced .
75 – Using public transport is ( best – better –s the best – the worst) way to reduce the amount to
carbon dioxide .
76 – Global warning is causing the ice caps ( melt – melting – to melt – by melting).
77 – It’s ( advise – advisable – advises – an advice) to plant more trees in the trees in the cities
and farms to give us back the air we need .
78 – Geologists study ( atmosphere – radiation – humidity –fossils )to determine the age of rocks
79 – Too much volcanic dust ( results from – allows to –leads to – caused by) global warming .
80 – Greenhouse gases ( hold up – hold back – lag behind – hang in) the atmosphere around the
Earth like the roof and walls of a greenhouse .
 81 – The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing ( exclusively –partially –
wholly – mainly) because of pollution .
82 – What are the ( consequences – sequences – subsidence – subsections ) of such reckless and
irresponsible behaviour ?
83 – Global warming is a problem that (reflects – infects – affects – suffocates )every person and
every country in the world .
84 – Global warming ( lets – causes – makes – works) the ice caps to melt .
85 – ( Unless – When – Though – If) he pays attention to the teacher , he will not understand .
86 – Yara would not have achieved such a wonderful success unless she (had exerted – exerted –
exerts – has exerted ) his utmost .
87 – If I ( have been – am – were – had been) in his position , I would behave differently .
88 – He ( must leave – must have left – cant have left – can’t leave ) the office . I range him up
more than once but there was no reply .
89 – You must avoid ( striking – being struck – being striking – struck ) by lightning .
90 – When lightning struck , some people ( were knocked – knocked – were knocking – had
knocked) to the ground .
91 – ( Struck – Striking – Strike – Strikes )while the iron is hot . This means that one should act
while conditions are favourable .

Unit 20

Bedouin ‫البدو‬ Economy Betpro ‫مؤيد‬ A great feat ‫عمل فذ‬

Settled Traditional ‫تقاليدي‬ Restrictions ‫قيود‬ Barragres ‫القناطر الخيرية‬
Handicrafts ‫قنديل‬ Environment Borders ‫حدود‬ Structure ‫بناء مبني‬
1 – Read the following passage , then answer the questions :-
Amsterdam is one of Europe’s great cities . It is a cosmopolitan centre with a fine way of
life , a rich culture and its own style of humour . The four main canals at the heart of city life have
not changed much since the 17th century . Nor have the other 100canals except that today they are
lined by stylish cafes where you will want to linger . But the first thing to do in Amsterdam is to
get on a boat . Gliding under the bridge, you will really appreciate the tranquil beauty of the city
and its waterways . There is much more, too . You will find world class museums with wonderful
works of art like those of Rembrandt and van Gogh . The there is the diamond industry . Several
diamond merchants open their doors to visitors, offering fascinating glimpse of craftsmen at their
work and the chance to admire and buy the unfinished products . Amsterdam is compact for a
capital ,so it is easy to enjoy strolling on foot .
A) Answer the following questions :-
1 – What is meant by Amsterdam is considered a cosmopolitan city ?
2 – Why is Amsterdam considered as popular city for tourists ?
3 – How can a tourist find his great happiness in Amsterdam ?
4 – What is the most remarkable industry in Amsterdam ?
B) Choose the correct answer :-
5 – Museums in Amsterdam are ( extremely distinguished – poorly supplied – rarely visited –
never appreciated ).
6 – Diamond merchants in Amsterdam (never display their products – attract visitors –sell their
products to the Nationals – distract buyers ).
7 – The underlined word There in the first paragraph refers to the (museum – bridge – waterway – Amsterdam )
2 – Read the following passage and then answer the questions :-
Violent storms cause damage and deaths all over the world, but sometimes people make
the consequences worse ,. When summer brings very hot weather, many people suffer more than
they need to . There are a number of ways to make life more comfortable in the heat . First of all,
you can try to keep your home as cool as possible . It is best to close all the windows and curtains
during the hottest part of the day . Then , when it is cooler in the evening , you can open them up
again . In these days huge areas of American forests are burned down . This takes place in other
parts of the world such as Greece and south America . Scientists believe that the earth climate may
be warming up . This trend probably began thousands of years ago , Many areas of the earth used
to be covered with ice that has now melted . However , in recent years, the warming trend has
speeded up . Scientists think that part of the reason for this may be carbon dioxide pollution from
industry and automobiles . The carbon dioxide mixes with other gases . This pollution covers the
earth like a blanket that keeps it warmer . Another reason for the warming may be the fact that the
earth is losing its forests . Forests are an important part of the earth’s system for using up carbon
dioxide and keeping the air temperature cool .
A) Answer the following questions :-
1 – How can we adapt ourselves to sever weather conditions ?
2 – Show that forest destruction leads to global warming .
3 – What does the underlined phrase “ like a blanket that keeps it warmer “ mean ?
4 – Why hasice in frozen countries melted at present ?
B) Choose the correct answer :-
5 – When it is very hot , it is ( advised to open the windows – advised not to open the windows –
preferable to draw off the curtains – comfortable sleep all through the day )
6 – The ( limited – less – fewer – more) industries and means of transport are, the more carbon
dioxide is released in the atmosphere .
7 – Global warming ( is a recent phenomenon – is diminishing – is a result of carbon dioxide
pollution – helps to cultivate more crops ).
3 – Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) in brackets to
give the same meaning :-
1 – My father faced complicated problems when he lost a big fortune . ( Hot water )
2 – In case of settling all the disputes, he will have peace of mind . ( Provided )
3 – Lack of money constitutes the major problem to carry out his ambitious project . ( Stumbling block)
4 – He was tried and sent to prison as he was involved in committing a crime . ( Accused )
5 – Tourists come to the red sea resorts because of the beautiful environment . ( Because )
6 – Don’t forget to switch off the lights before you go to bed . ( Shouldn’t )
7 – I won’t leave until he arrives . ( As soon as )
8 – They suggested making a new plan for the project . ( Suggestion )
 9 – Raise your voice so that I can hear you . ( Unless )
10 – The climate plays a part in the design of clothes . ( When )
11 – Do you intend to fix the pipe yourself ? ( Going )
12 – She employed a painter to paint the flat . ( Was )
13 – He fell down the stairs , but he didn’t hurt himself . ( In spite of )
14 – People build houses to protect themselves from the weather . ( So that )
15 – The cupboard built in the kitchen was no good . ( That )
4 – Read and then write notes on the passage :-
The earliest people , before the age of farming , spent nearly all their time looking for
food. The men hunted and the women and children collected nuts, leaves , roots and insects . In
the middle ages farmers had to kill all their animals in the autumn because there wasn’t enough
food for them in the winter . They had to put salt with the meat to meat to preserve it . In the
1600s explorers from Europe found new kinds of food in America . Potatoes, tomatoes and
chocolate all came from there . In 1810 a Frenchman invented tinned food, and after the 1850s it
became more common . Also, special ships carried cheap frozen meat from Australia and south
America to Europe . Then people did not have to buy fresh food every day .
* Food eaten before the age of farming ……………………………….
* In the middle ages, animals ………………………………..
* Tinned food ………………frozen food ………………………………
5 – Read the following latter and reply to it :-
Karaoli Dimitriou 2.
17562 Paleo Faliro ,
Athens
March 25th
Dear Emma,
Thanks so much for your letter and your invitation to stay with you this summer
. It will be wonderful , and I’m already looking forward to it . The only thing is that my father
wants me to spend some time studying while I’m in Egypt and not just having a good time ! I
could come at the beginning of July and spend one month sin Egypt . At the moment I’m looking
for a suitable summer school and course . I’ve got some addresses so I’m going to write to them ,
but if you know a summer school in Cairo that you .

REMEMBER :
(1) Pronouns ‫الضمائر‬
1 – We say :
a frond of mine / a friend of Wesam’s / my own house / his own car / on my own ( = alone) /
by myself ( = alone )
I Me My Mine
He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
You You Your Yours
They Them Their Theirs
We Us Our Ours
)‫هذه الضمائر ( الفاعل) – ( للمفعول ) – ( لملكية متبوعة باسم ) – ( للملكية غير المتبوعة باسم‬
(2) Telephoning
* This is ……………… * His It’s ……………. * Can I speak to ….please ?
* I’m sorry I’m not in at the moment . * Please leave your message after the tone .
* Put me through ……will you ? * Just a minute, please . * I’ll see if he’s in .
• Cheers = Thank you / Goodbye .
(3) Having problems
• get into hot water . * a stumbling block . * in a fight spot . * in a real fix
Practice :- Correct :-
1 – The woman over there is a friend of my ( Sister )
2 – We went on holiday with some friends of (Our )
3 – I’m going to a wedding on Saturday . A friend of ( Me) is getting married .
4 – I like living on ( Me )
5 – Did you go on holiday on ( You) ?
6 – ( Must ) I speak to Wesam, please ?
7 – Put me ( At ) Wael , will you ?
8 – She put the kids (A) bed .
9 – Ramy fell off a ladder and hurt ( He)
G – Idioms and expressions
* at the time of the pharaohs . * thousands of years later .* climatic changes .
* the dust partially blocks out the rays . * hang in the atmosphere around the earth .
* regional climates could affect crop yields .
*we should all try to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide we emit into the atmosphere .
6 – Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue :-
between Essam and Ahmed who are going on a picnic .
Essam : Are you ready to go a picnic with me ?
Ahmed : ……………….”1” ………………… ?
Essam : It said that the weather will be fine .
Ahmed : What about humidity ?
Essam : ………………”2” …………………..
Ahmed : Do you think we can go hiking ?
Essam : ……………..”3” ……………………
Ahmed : So , what can we take with us ?
Essam : …………….”4” …………………….

7 – Read the following and fill in the table below :-

A. K . has been suffering from kidney failure . His kidneys cannot remove the waste
products from his body . He goes to Dr. S’s kidney centre where he is put on a kidney machine .
It takes over the natural function of his kidneys . The impurities in his blood are filtered off as it
is passed through a semi permeable tube in clean fluid . Thus toxicity is removed . He often
needs a blood transfusion to balance the percentage of blood cells in his body .

Fullness Symptoms Treatment Apparatusused Purpose of Treatment

…”1” …... …..”2” ……. …”3”…… …….”4”…… …….”5”…… …….”6” ……
8 – Read the passage and complete the from :-
Tourism movement is a bit slow in Matrouh . However , we got 20.000 tourists last year
who spent 80.000 tourist nights, which was considered a peak and we are looking forward to
having more . Egypt has a long term plan to develop all the highways , and the road between
Alexandria and Matrouh has been chosen to be the first target . Tourist experts believe that once
the loce projects are fully carried out, Matrouh will definitely find its place on the map and attract
thousands of tourists .
Notes on Matrouh
Tourism in Matrouh is Not : …………”1” ……………..so, ………….”2” ……………
 For example , ………..”3” ………which will help Matrouh to become an attractive tourist site .
9 – Read the following passage, then answers the questions :-
Civilization began in Egypt over 5.000 years ago . This ancient civilization lasted for
thousands of years . Most of this civilization has become our great national heritage which we
have , been preserving generation after generation . Tourists are attracted by this great civilization
and come to see it . They learn how life was like in those days . Farmers grew wheat and other
crops on the fertile banks of the River Nile . They dug canals and built dams to keep water for the
time of need . They kept animals and caught fish . Fishermen worked in teams . They threw large
nets into the water while they stood in small boats or on the river bank . The river was full of fish,
but there were also crocodiles , so fishing could be dangerous . The ancient Egyptians loved meat
and fish they ate a lot of fruit and vegetables . They also made bread and cheese . They did not
have sugar, so thy used honey to sweeten things . We know so much about how the ancient
Egyptians lived because they painted scenes of everyday life on the walls of the tombs of their
kings . They also put the dead kings possessions in the tombs ; their clothes , Jewellery and
furniture , and little models of their family and servants . They put food and drink in the tombs as
well, because they believed that there was a life after death . So they preserved the body by a
process called “ mummification “
A) Answer the following questions :-
1 – What did the Ancient Egyptians paint on the walls of the tombs ?
2 – How did they protect the bodies of their kings ? Why?
3 – Mention some kinds of food the ancient Egyptians used to eat ?
4 – When did the ancient Egyptian civilization start ?
B) Choose the correct answer :-
5 – Tourist come to Egypt in order to ( see the crocodlies – enjoy seeing the ancient Egyptians –
learn about our ancient civilization – practise “ mummification “ )
6 – Fishing was dangerous in ancient time because of ( the deep water of the Rive Nile –the lack
of wild animals – the presence of crocodiles – triandams )
7 – Egyptian generations ( are responsible for the preservation of our heritage – are erious for
keeping our heritage –still believe in mummification – dendish the ancient mouments)

10 – Read the following passage, then answer the questions :-

By establishing a large- scale research and development construction, Egypt hopes to
attract the brilliant minds of Egyptian scientists at home and abroad. “ I spent most of my life
abroad, and the only reason I decided to come back to Egypt was to build a new career . “ said
Essam Zaki, a young molecular biologist . “ There’s no doubt about it , I would have been in the
states right now if it wasn’t for this . “ This is Mubarak City for scientific . Research and
Technology Application in Borg Al- Arab . This great work gives me this opportunity to achieve
my ambition .” Built on an area of 100 feddans, doubled this week to 200 by presidential decree to
provide comfortable accommodations for the scientists . The City is located close to a large
industrial area . Zaki completed saying, “ I was fascinated that they built this place in the desert . It
is ideal . It provides a suitable, quiet environment for doing research .” The City works in close
coordination with other research centres across the nation, especially the National Research Centre
. In the city there is a regional and national centre for advance technology in genetic engineering .
It has given rise to some 35 projects in the fields of food processing , agriculture and
environmental protection . ( Al – Ahram Weekly with adaptation ) .
A) Answer the following questions :-
1 – How are Egyptian scientists attracted home ?
2 – Why was the City built in the desert ?
3 – Give two reasons to show why the City was constructed ?
4 – Why did Essam Zaki come to work in the City ?
B) Choose the correct answers :-
5 – President Mubarak doubled the area so as to ( add some more research departments –
preserve the environment – create better conditions for the researches – encourage young
people to live in )
6 – Zaki’s ambition is to ( return to the USA – start a new professional life – return to an
umbrella – live in the desert )
7 – The underlined word “ protection “ means ( preservation – destruction – demolishing – elimination )
11 – Read the passage and complete the table :-
Albert Einstein ( 1879 – 1955 )was a physicist , who was born in Germany . Einstein
was possibly the greatest scientist of the 20th century . In 1950 he published his theory of relativity
.This led to the basis of atomic energy . Einstein suggested how it could be used for making
weapons, but after the second world war he spoke publicly against nuclear weapons . By 1917 , he
had become famous all over the worlds .He was given the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921 . In
1933 he wrote a book called why war ?
Alberet Einstein
Birthplace
Contrast in his approach of war : …………………………………..
As an author : …………………………………..
His reward : …………………………………..
The result of his theory : …………………………………..
Age when he died : …………………………………..
12 – Write a paragraph of eight sentences on :-
The deserts in Egypt are no longer isolated places .
A – major projects are being carried out there .
B – attract tourists because of the beauty of nature .
C – preserve environment .
D – protect our national traditional culture .

A ) Translate into Arabic :-

According to Arab tourism experts , the only reason Arabs come in groups is to obtain better
deals in hotels, theatres and amusement parks .
B ) Translate into English :-
. ‫تقام المشاريع الضخمة لرفع مستوي المعيشة و تحقيق حياة أفضل للجيال القادمة‬
13 – Write a paragraph of eight sentences on :-
How to develop the desert regions
Agriculture . * ecotourism . * protecting the environment . * keeping traditional culture .
14 – A) Translate into Arabic :-
Egypt is rich sin its wonderful national heritage which attracts tourists from all over the world
. So, it is necessary to protect this outstanding heritage .
B) Translate into English :-
‫أصبــح العالم اليوم ينظر إلي التراث القومي في أي مكان علي أنه تراث إنساني ملك‬
‫للبشرية و يجب الحفاظ عليه‬
. ‫للجيال القادمة‬
15 – Write a paragraph of eight sentences about :-
How the internet has changed our way of living
 Make use of the following points :
The fastest growing communication system in our world /
Storing all kinds of information on different subjects /
The e-mail / Enabling to exchange information among professionals / chatting /
16 – A) Translate into Arabic :-
Tourism strengthens relations among people in the world . It helps to spread peace among
nations . Moreover , it creates love, cooperation, tolerance and understanding among them.
B ) Translate into English :-
. ‫تمكن الجراحون من إجراء عمليات القلب المعقدة و أهمها عملية القلب المفتوح‬
17 – Put the missing possessives into these sentences :-
1 – You say this is ……..….. book, it really belongs to a friend of ………………..
2 – Susan said ………..brother had passed ………….examination .
3 – This dog has hurt ………..leg.
4 – Adel has no ink in ……………pen . Have you any in…………
5 – They invited us to …………….house, and there we met a cousin of …………….
6 – The jeweller sold ………….. a ring .
7 – The bookmaker gave …………….the money we had paid .
8 – He told ……….the answer to the question she had asked .
9 – The assistant found …………..the books they were looking for .
10 – They refused ……………..a room at the hotel , so she had to go somewhere .
11 – Although Nader is four years old, he can dress ……………without help .
12 – I made this dress ……………… 13 – Children always enjoy …………….at the seaside .
14 – We came out of the swimming pool and dried …………carefully .
15 – Help ……….! Don’t wait to be served . 16 – We can’t learn this by ……………
17 – The government ………….is pro the Toshka project .
18 – Cricket is a very different game ……………..football .
19 – If you are not careful, you will fall …………the water .
20 – The child fell …………the stairs and broke his arm .
21 – The train arrives ……………Cairo ………six o’clock .
22 – do you know which platform the train starts …………?
23 – Sunday is the day that comes …………..Saturday .
24 – It is harder going ………………..the mountain than coming .
25 – You should not go out ……………….a cold day …………heavy clothes .
18 – Write a paragraph eight sentences :-
The Ancient Egyptians were pioneers in different fields .
In the field of construction .
In the field of medicine .
In the field of agriculture – digging canals – dams .
In the field of art .
19 – A) Translate into Arabic :-
Many tourists visit Egypt every year s. Their number is growing year after year .They are
attracted by our ancient monomers beautiful beaches and fine weather .
B ) Translate into English :-
. ‫ – يستطيع المصريون تحويل الصحراء إلي أرض خضراء لنتاج المزيد من الغذاء‬1
‫ – يستخدم الطلب المصريون أجهزة الكمبيوتر في مدارسهم و سيكون لذلك أثره العظيم يقدم‬2
. ‫مصر‬
. ‫ المصريين شهره عالمية في أجراء جراحات القلب‬//// - 3
. ‫ – كان أمنحتب مصريا وطبيبا و مهندسا معماريا و مستشارا عظيما في السرة الثالثة‬4
. ‫ – كان المصريون القدماء روادا في المعمار و الطب و الهندسة و الفلك‬5
 Vocabulary and Structure
20 – Choose the correct answers :-
1 – We have to pay much attention to our Egyptian (heritage– inheritance – hereditary –heredity)
2 – Coral reefs are limestone formations , ( contained – constituted – formed –consisted) in the
sea by the skeletons of millions of tiny animals .
3 – Earthquakes have ( various – subsidiary – distinguished – disastrous ) effects on humans and
possessions .
4 – The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency is working hard to ( detect – protect – deduct –
defect ) our Red sea heritage .
5 – In order not to destroy the fragile coral reefs, buoys are being ( built – erected – constructed –
installed )s along the red sea coast .
6 – ( Landmarks – Signals – Signs – Buoys )are objects that float on the sea to mark a safe or
dangerous area .
7 – The ( visitor – host – resort – generation )received his guests warmly .
8 – The government took strict measures against those who (damp – pump – dump – drop)
rubbish or waste in the River Nile .
9 – Tourists are often (too – such – enough – so) impressed with the beauty of the reefs that they
want to take a coral souvenir home with them .
10 – Breaking ( out – down – off – into ) Pieces of the coral reef and taking them is against
environment conservation .
11 – I congratulated my friend ( in – about – to – on) achieving wonderful results in his research
12 – He will make drastic mistakes (as long as- if – provided that – unless )he follows these
instructions strictly .
13 – The Arab countries are going to be ( out of point – greatly oppressed – in a real fix – into
deep water ) if they do not form the common Arab Market .
14 – The husband ( got dismayed – got into hot water – got apart – got satisfied ) when he argued
the matter with his wife .
15 – He has wonderful ideas but lack of experience is the main ( stumbling block – cornerstone –
first brick – missing brick )to putting them into practice .
16 – I will participate in this activity ( provided that – unless – as long as – however )I have been
formally invited .
17 – Historical sites need protection and ( preservation – reservation – conversation – destination)
18 – The number of sites on the world Heritage list ( increases – decreases –deduced – reduced ) every year .
19 – The world Heritage committee can help to preserve ( political – economic – military –
monumental ) places .
20 – Dams are ( manned – manly – man made – unmanned) waterfalls .
21 – I dislike any ( interruption – involvement – entrance – interference) in my personal affairs .
22 – Our cultural ( heritage – inheritance – possessions –belongings )should be protected
throughout history .
23 – ( Granite – Concrete – Limestone – Chalk ) is a rock consisting wholly or chiefly of
calcium, originating from the remains of organisms .
24 – Matrouh is one of the most popular Egyptian summer ( dwellings – resorts – habitations – settlements )
25 – They could not make the trip yesterday ( in spite of – in case of – because of – but for) the heavy rain
26 – Luxor and Aswan shave been host ( for – with – from- to) flocks of tourists who go there every year .
27 – Look at this new watch s. This is ( where – what – that – when ) my father gave me on my
last birthday .
28 – Coral is a hard pink, white or red substance ( forms – formed – forming – form) from the
bones of very small sea animals .
29 – It is illegal to drive a car 9 if – until – when – unless )you get a driving licence .
30 – Smoking has a disastrous ( affect – effect – effective – effectively )on one’s lungs .
31 – The internet has ( brought up – brought down – brought in – brought about )great changes
all over the world .
32 – The earthquake ( made – performed –did – gave) serious damage to the town .
33 – It is up ( on – with – to – on with ) all the Egyptians to keep their Nile clean .
34 – The site is considered world Heritage ( according –referring – limiting – owing )to certain rules
35 – Monumental places like the pyramids are of ( an astonishing – a reasonable – an outstanding
– an understanding ) value .
36 – We have to look ( over – for – after – forward )our heritage .
37 – The police are responsible for ( reservation – presentation – preservation – resolution )of law
and order all over the country .
38 – It is ( up for – up and about – up with – up to) you to do the task or not ; you have to make
the decision yourself .
39 – The new scientific discovery is undoubtedly ( from – of – about – with) outstanding value in
the field of medicine .
40 – Take these vitamins daily for ( protector – protective – protect – protection )against minor infections
41 – A historical site is very important for( what – how – when – where ) it represents as part of
ancient civilization .
42 – All motorists must act ( owing to – according to – in spite of – in case of )traffic rules,
otherwise the will be taken to court .
43 – The reference ( mentions – mention – mentioning –mentioned )in this report is a very old one .
44 – ( An accumulator – A browser –A communicator – A website ) is a place on the Internet
where you can find out information about different things .
45 – Please help (yours – yourself – your – you ) to the sweets over there .
46 – A new dam was built to protect the country ( for – with – by – from )high floods .
47 – One should do one’s best to achieve one’s hopes by depending on ( himself – oneself –
yourself – herself )
48 – An insulator is a material which prevents electricity ( pass – passed – passes – passing) .
49 – My parents always wait up for me, ( although – no matter – even if – however ) what time I get home
50 – The engineer ( put away – went back –gave up – left out )his job and started writing to
newspapers and magazines .
51 – A ( skyscraper – skylark – skylight – skyline )is a very tall modern building in a big city .
52 – Now the government is keen on building ( flocks – stocks – blocks – strings) of flats for
unmarried young people .
53 – He ( put out – carried out – found out – ran out )a great project despite the obstacles he faced
54 – “ Do you mind ( rising – arousing – arising – raising ) your voice ? I can’t hear you .”
55 – Many students ( took – put – gave – rendered )part in the competition .
56 – Climatic conditions ( affect – defect – reflect – inflict )all living things .
57 – Pedestrians should walk on the ( platform – pavement – quay – row ) along the street .
58 – Fashion houses compete by displaying the most up-to-date ( formations – constitutions –
forms – designs ) .
59 – The Japanese ( instruct – subtract – contract – construct ) their houses in a way that resists
frequent earthquakes .
60 – I’ll help you do the task ( unless – even if – however – provided that ) you help me , too .
61 – We’ll carry out the new projects ( although – as long as – unless – even though) we have
the required funds .
62 – Visibility is poor when it is ( sunny – foggy and cloudy – snowy and rainy – shiny ) .
63 – Geologists study ( nuts – atmospheric changes – fossils – volcanoes )to know the age they belong to
64 – It is an extinct volcano . It has never (blown – erupted – redialed – burst ) for many years.
65 – The temperature will go up tomorrow . This means that the temperature will ( raise – arise –
rise – arouse) tomorrow .
66 – It is ( solar – rainy – sunny – visible )and clear today; let’s go for a picnic .
67 – The weather ( prediction – declaration – forecast – broadcast ) says that temperature will be
average for this time of the year .
68 – ( Moisture – Dampness – Wetness – Humidity ) means the amount of water in the air .
 69 – The ( outlook – overlook –onlook – look )for tomorrow’s weather is another very hot day
with 70 per cent humidity .
70 – I was so tired yesterday evening that I( got – kept – fell – grew )asleep during the film .
71 – My father advised me to avoid ( to deal – dealing – to dealing – deal )with dishonest people.
72 – The earthquake destroyed the whole village killing most people there and the government
sent help to the ( suspects – superiors – supervisors – survivors ).
73 – She will attend the conference (provided – so – such– if ) that she receives an invitation card
74 – The government took decisive measures to keep the Nile ( populated – popular – polluted –
unpolluted )
75 – He hurried ( provided that – such that – as long as – so that )he might catch the train .
76 – My father promised to support me ( provided that – as long as – so that – because )he lived .
77 – ( Unless – Provided – If – As long as) he saves money for future needs , he may face trouble
78 – I was so tired yesterday evening that I ( got – kept – fell – grew ) asleep during the film .
79 – My father advised me to avoid ( to deal – dealing – to dealing – deal )with dishonest people .
80 – The earthquake destroyed the whole village killing most people there and the government
sent help to the ( suspects – superiors – supervisors – survivors )
81 – ( History – Heritage – Chorine – Chemistry )is the study of substances .
82 – We ( change – changeable – exchange – unchangeable )products with different countries .
83 – ( Biology – physics – Technology – Maths ) is the application of science .
84 – Children should be ( ungrateful – grateful – gratitude – ingratitude ) to their parents .
85 – North Siniai is considered the ( heritage – plan – tradition – gateway )to Egypt .
86 – Wars have ( destroyed – constructed – established – built )a great deal of Arishi traditional culture .
87 – hashing and tourism will be the ( mobile – key – lock – block )to the region’s elopement .
88 – Bedouin women are ( managing – destroying – damaging – invading )their own businesses .
89 – Tourists are attracted to ( polluted – destroyed – restricted – unpolluted ) areas .
90 – ( Flat – Surface – Sloping – Wooden )roofs are good for rain .
91 – We must ( stopped – stopping – stop – to stop )the destruction of old traditional areas .
92 – The surgeon operated ( at – by – with – on ) the patient’s heart .
93 – Air pollution ( brings – brings about – cause – causing )serous diseases .
94 – He’s been to Hurghada .( isn’t he – is he – hasn’t he – has he) ?
95 – ( Because of – Because – Unless – As long )the absence of good training a project may .
96 – EEAA ( protect – protecting – will protect – may protect )the environment .
97 – The government ( carry out – has carried out – carrying out –has been catch the train )many projects