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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Introduction The Republic of Indonesia which is better known by the acronym RI is a

state in parts of Southeast Asia. Indonesia is a country crossed by the Equator and located between Asia and Australia as well as being in between the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world that are commonly referred as "Nusantara" (outer island). The form of Indonesias

goverment is Republic, with the nation's capital is Jakarta. Indonesia borders directly with Malaysia on the island of Borneo. According to the Central Statistics Agency in August 2010, the population of Indonesia are 237.556.363 peoples, consists of 119.507.580 males and 118.048.783 females. This make Indonesia become the country with the fourth-largest population and the largest Moslem population in the world. Moslem population in Indonesia approximately 86.1%, Christian 8.7%, Hindu 4%, Buddhist 1.1% and others about 0.4% (Wikipedia, 2011).

The ministry of national education of the Republic of Indonesia is the agency responsible for education in Indonesia. Education in Indonesia have been set out in the National Education Act Number 20 of 2003 on the national education

2 system (HPPPGD, 2006). Indonesia has levels of school education (formal education) namely elementary school, junior high school and senior high school. In elementary Schools, the age of student is 7-12 years old with the time of study is 6 years. In Junior High School the age of students is 13-15 with the time of study is 3 years. Then in Senior high school ,the time of study is same as junior high school namely 3 years with the age of the student is 16-18 years old.

Indonesia is one of the state building process that needs to be developed to educate the young nation with Stoke in educational processes. One of the Government efforts which referred to educate the Indonesian children is education curriculum tailored to country needs than Indonesia. The system of education

curriculum in Indonesia is always experiencing change for the sake of goals for children educate the nation. The new system of Indonesia curricula is the Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP). This also the development of the previous curriculum, namely Curriculum-Based Competencies (KBK) in 2004. In this globalization era, English is very necessary in international communications, it included in the area of technology, development, economic and education. Therefore, teaching subjects in English has to be done intensively at senior high school level, even in junior high school. In addition due to the demands of the times, also due to the regulations rather than the Governments of Indonesia, which states that the successor have to prepare themselves in facing the international competition, then the Government suggests international education program.

So in an effort to improve the Indonesian educational quality, there are many things are done by the state of Indonesia. One of the efforts currently under development is Pioneering International School or Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf

International (RSBI) which made by the Education Unit Level Curriculum or Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) . It is a reference in the preparation of syllabus and the draft of teaching and learning. Pioneering International School (RSBI) is a new program of the Education Ministry which provided in Act Number 20 of 2003 Article 50, paragraph 3. It is states that "Government and/or local government hold at least one education at all

3 levels of education to be developed into an international educational unit" (HPPPGD, 2006).

RSBI school is already meet the standards of national education or Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP) which includes the content, the process, graduates competency standard, standard educators and fire-handling of pedagogic, the infrastructure, standard management, standard financing, and standards of judgment. However, in RSBI , SNP is included in the teaching and learning enriched with some element of education based on educational standards one of the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and/or in other developed countries which has certain excellence in educational sector to have international competitiveness (Sofa, 2009). Further, there are some purposes RSBI if viewed from the components of education, there are: (a) A graduate education of the RSBI is able to continue in an unit of education, an international at home and abroad (b) A graduate of the RSBI can work in international organizations and/or other countries, and (c) A graduate of the RSBI won medals at the international level of science, competition mathematics, technology, the art, and sports. To achieve the goals of the RSBI , some of the subject like math, physic, chemistry, biology, and economy must be provide in English. According to Dharma (2007), the class bilingual can be done through several stages, in the first year of teaching the form of English language used by 25 percent and 75 percent of Indonesian language. The second years, the English language used is about 50 percent and 50 percent of Indonesian language. In the third years, English language used is about 75 percent and 25 percent is Indonesian language. A model class a bilingual stages, according to Lee (2008) called a bilingual transitional education because they do not use language of britain in full, but the use of English language used in teaching-learning gradually, that portion of the language of the british increasingly large and portion of language increasingly small. In East Kalimantan, there are 11 senior high school which used international school as pioneer (RSBI) since 2006 by the Indonesian National Education Ministry.

4 1.2 Background of the Problem According to the law of the Republic Indonesia number 20/2003 Article 1 of paragraph 1, about national education systems is a conscious and planned to creat an atmosphere of learning and learners of a learning process in order to be actively the potency of himself for having the power of religius, spiritual self-control, personality, intelligence, attitude noble, and skill required him society, the nation and of the state(HPPPGD, 2006).

A line consisting of education in Indonesia, rather than formal education, nonformal education and informal education. School as formal institutions in order accomplishmen of an objective is a means of education. Through the school, the students spend a variety of sorts of things that had never they know and also develop things did they know beforehand.

In formal education, learning is the results which indicate that there was a positive change that cause the skill, intelligence and a new knowledge and will be documented in the form of students' report. In school, the result of the learning process can be seen from the students learning outcomes in every in this matter is the value of the last on the Chemistry subject. To get the great achievement of learning needed great learning process that can really make the students interest and enjoy. The terms like facility, infrastructure, the teacher, and language used for covering the law and the process of learning progress.

But in fact, schools, which has been or are preparing class bilingual program, which is an international school as pioneer (RSBI) also get serious

problems, like the books in the Britain language which suitable with school purposes and availability of syllabus in British language which suitable and effective as a teaching purpose. In RSBI, the role of the bilingual teacher in preparing the students to be able to compete internationally is very big. One of the role of the

teacher is paying attention to the emotional intelligence who owned by each of their students. According to Golemen (2000), in his book emotional intelligence, Intelligent Quotient contributions (IQ) only 20 percent successful of someone and the

5 remaining is 80 percent factors which determined by emotional quotient (EQ) or emotional intelligence.

Emotional intelligence is an intelligence that is very necessary. This based on the ability of humans in managing emotions and feeling. Emotion intelligence is very influential in the performance of a person emotions and skill in conducting a study. It is also influence in the ability of person in face of a problem. Someone who less in EQ but high in IQ will get difficulty and fail in his life. It is because he is not able to control himself. Emotion intelligence is capability to acquire knowledge of emotions and make yourself and others to control the emotion. This control will make people can be success and can reach more satisfying lives. Closely related to the emotional intelligence againts motivation. Where we can actually grow motivation caused by a feeling of enthusiasm inner self as well as disputes complacence than we have ever done. In addition, motivation can also contructed because feeling of distress or emotions, the absence of anxiety a motivation that is to be formed even constructed to be able to do what we want. From the commentary above, we know how big the impact of emotional intelligence in themselves and our lives. It can be said that issue of emotional intelligence is always warm and interesting to be reviewed more deeper, especially emotional intelligence which related with education world, namely achievement learning of chemical in a bilingual in Senior High School (SMA) who have entered into the criteria as Pioneer an International School (RSBI) which are focused on this study . Yusniah (2008) stated that the hight or the low performance of the students in learning depend on the type of parenting styles at home. The democratic type of parenting style will makes the higher performance level of students learning outcomes.

On the reasoning above, we can assume that the determinants of success life, is the role of emotional intelligence and type of parenting styles in it. Based on these assumptions, the researcher interested in provide the existence of the influence

6 of emotional intelligence and type of parenting styles on the performance of bilingual Chemistry according to gender differences in Senior High School at the Pioneering International School in Indonesia.

1.3

Statements of the Problem This study is designed to make the general review of the influence of

emotional intelligence level of the students in learning achievement of chemical presented by bilingual in Indonesia. Basically, most of the students think that chemistry subject is a scary lesson. This makes the motivation and the readiness of the students in learning reduced. There are lots of factors affect to the lowness motivation of the students, one of the factors is the emotional intelligence which not trained well. These are affecting to the low of learning achievement. There are some factors which affect to learning achievement of students, namely the internal factors and the external factors. The internal factor consists of motivation and the readiness of the students in learning. It related to emotional intelligence, while the external factors consists of gender difference and a parenting styles.

In this study, investigators will review the impact of the level of students' emotional and role of parenting styles according to gender difference against learning achievement of bilingual chemistry.

1.4

Objectives of Study The main objectives of this study are to:

(i) (ii)

To determine the level of students' emotional intelligence. To identify the impact of students' emotional intelligence according to

gender difference.

(iii)

To identify the impact of type of parenting styles according to gender

differences.

1.5

Research Questions This study is expected to get feedback on several questions as the following: (i) What is the level of students' emotional intelligence?

(ii)

What is the impact of students' emotional intelligence according to the differences of gender?

(iii)

What is the impact of type of parenting styles according to gender

differences?

1.6

Framework of The Concepts Emotional intelligence is a feeling that motivates individuals to do

something or give a response from stimulus, either from external factors and internal factors of individuals (Amalia Sawitri Wahyuningsih, 2004).

Here is the dimensional criteria contained in emotional intelligence can be seen in figure 1.1 below:

Emotional Intelligence

SA SM MT EM

SS

Figure 1.1: Dimensional of Emotional Intelligence (Daniel Golemen, 2007)

SA : Self awareness SM : Self management MT : Motivation EM : Emphaty SS : Social skill

The study is aim to explore the impact of emotional intelligence against learning achievement of chemistry bilingual according to the gender differences of the gender and the parenting style. For detail can be seen in the following framework of concepts

GENDER DIFFERENCE Self Awareness Self Management Motivation Emphaty


LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF CHEMISTRY EDUCATION

EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT (EQ) OR EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Social Skill

PARENTING STYLES

Democratic

GENDER DIFFERENCE

Figure 1.2: Framework of the Concepts

The instruments that used in this study is questionnaires which related with the emotional intelligence and parenting styles in family for students of Senior High School to eleven grade who studied chemistry in bilingual (Indonesian and English).

The type of study is descriptive statistical analysis conducted to review and know the impact of emotional intelligence and type of parenting styles against learning achievements according to differences of gender.

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1.7

Hypothesis of the Study

Hypothesis null 1: There is no significant impact of students' emotional intelligence against learning achievement of bilingual Chemistry according to differences of the gender.

Hypothesis null 2: There is no significant impact from the type of parenting styles against learning achievement of bilingual Chemistry according to differences of the gender.

1.8

Importance of the Study The review is expected to provide knowledge to the teacher about how the

impact of students emotional intelligence and type of parenting styles against learning achievement of chemistry bilingual. This study motivated by Golemen (1994) stated that, in the learning process besides intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence also very influential to get the result of study in the form of learning achievement to be desired. The students emotional intelligence may also be affected by gender difference. This case supported by study that has been conducted by Zainudin Bin Abu Bakar (2000) which explained that difference of gender is affecting to the adjustment of persons emotionally. In addition, the type of parenting styles that applied in students family will affect the performance of the study, the matter is supported by the study from Yusniyah (2008) which states that there are positive and significant relationships between parenting styles with learning achievement of students of Al-Falah Junior High School at East Jakarta, Indonesia. Thus, the study is expected to be useful for the sustenance of education. It also expected to be an input for students in competing in the international community. Consistence of the students in emotional intelligence during the process of learning will improve education in Indonesia, especially East Kalimantan.

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1.9 (i)

Scopes and Limitations of the Study There are 450 respondents chosen in this study. The respondents consist of students of Senior High School in Pioneering International School (RSBI).

(ii)

This study involving the students of eleven grade of senior high school. There are two classes taken as a sample in this study. Each class consists of 30 students.

(iii)

The study takes only in Senior High School at Samarinda, Indonesia.

1.10

Definition of Terms To support this research, the researcher presents some theories relevant to the research topic. It includes the concept of Emotional Intelligence, Learning Achievement, Learning in Bilingual Chemistry and Parenting Styles

(i)

Emotional Intelligence

The emotion is a response that causes physiological changes and also strong feelings against a stimulation of internal and external ( Asrori, 2007). So that definition can be distinguished between emotions with feeling. In any emotion there is a feeling, because feeling is a component of an emotion. According to Golemen in Asrori (2007) the definition of emotional intelligences is an ability to recognize themselves and others people, the ability to motivate themselves and others people, and the ability in managing all kinds of the form of self in conjunction with others peoples emotion. So that it can be inferred that emotion intelligence is an ability of each individuals and it can be trained to

12 control emotions to yourself and others. It also is backed by the factors that can influence it namely a external factors and internal factors.

Golemen (1999) in Noriyah, Ramlee, Siti, dan Najmuddin (2003) stated five factors that develop in emotional intelligence namely self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, empathy, and social skills.

(ii)

Learning Achievement

According to Djamarah (1994), achievement is the result of an activity which done by the hard work by an individual or a group. Masud Hasan Abdul Dahar in Djamarah (1994) said that the achievement is all the things that have been created. It is the result of a work with the creation and satisfaction with a hard bussiness. So, it can be concluded that achievement is a result of hard working which produce something commendable and satisfy. Based on the development of educational psychology, learning theory consists of three kinds; there are theory of behaviorist, theory of cognitive, and the theory of the humanistic. According to behaviorist theory, human behaviors are conducted of the reward and reinforcement of the environment. According to cognitive learning theory, behaviors are influenced by an understanding of the relationships in a given situation. According to the humanistic theory, the individuals are affected by experiences that has ever happened and reviewed from the point of the individual behavior. Learning is a complex process that experienced by everyone during of life since he was a baby until to the tomb (Sardiman, 2003). Bruner by his theory called free discovery learning says that learning process will run well and creative if the teacher provide opportunities for students to find a concept, theory, rule, or understanding through examples that found in their lives ( Budiningsih, 2005). Further, Sudjana (2002), stated that learning is a process of which a person does attempt to acquire a change of new attitude as a whole, as the result of experience of themselves in the interaction with their environment.

13 According to Illeris (2009) he stated that learning can broadly be defined as any process that in living organisms leads to permanent capacity change and which is not solely due to biological maturation or aging.

According to the opinions of the experts above, it can be concluded that learning is a complex process in the whole of lifetime of the people which can change overall behavior of their own in the interaction with their environment.

Therefore, learning achievement is the result of a work that could be influenced by internal and external factors which have learned, such as

environmental factors, the understanding and experiences that have been done and give the result in something that proud and satisfying.

(iii) Learning in Bilingual Chemistry

Learning is a process of teaching and learning. In the learning, there are two subjects who involve namely teacher and learner. The Main duties and responsibilities of a teacher is manage learning process to be more effective, dynamic, efficient and positive. Therefore, the students can experience and be actively involved to get a change in the learning process (A. Rohani, 1995). Chemistry learning is a process of teaching and learning that involves teachers and students to gain the results of the study are in accordance with the provisions of the school and the Ministry of National Education Indonesia in subjects of chemistry. .Bilingual chemistry learning is a learning that uses two languages in the process of teaching and learning, Indonesian and English language. In the teaching of chemistry bilingual, a student is required to absorb the chemistry material presented in bilingual based on the level of the school. For the first year in Senior High School, learning chemistry presented in Indonesian language about 75 percent and English language about 25 percent. In the second year the used of Indonesian and English language have same level about 50 percent. Then, in the third year the using of

14 Indonesian language decrease about 25 percent and English language increase about 75 percent (Dharma, 2007). (iv) Parenting Styles The Parents are the first people in the lives of children, so parent is prosecuted to be good example and role model for their children. Zakiyah Darajat (1995) stated that the elements of education that are directly or indirectly go into the children personality are the parents personality, attitude and the way of their life. Therefore, it needed a good way to learn the children to be a good person. The shape of parenting styles that can be selected and used, including parenting of authoritarian, democratic and permissive (Yusniyah, 2008)

1.11

Summary Golemen (2003) explain that in the world of education, level of intelligence

is not enough to produce good learning achievement. There are some factors that can influence it, namely emotional intelligence (Golemen, 2003). Then Yusniyah (2008) explain that good emotional intelligence and control make the students more calmly in responding and resolving any problems, especially in terms of understanding of abstract chemistry lesson which presented in two languages, Indonesian and English. In additional, the appropriate selections of parenting style type also bring a positive impact on learning performance (Yusniyah, 2008).

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