Power Control GSM

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BSSPAR
Power ControI
Training Document
BSSPAR- Power Control
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Contents
1 ModuIe Objectives.................................................................... 4
2 Introduction To Power ControI ................................................ 5
2.1 Strategy...................................................................................... 5
2.2 PC Threshold Comparison And PC Command ........................... 7
3 Power ControI AIgorithms ..................................................... 11
3.1 MS/BTS Power ncrease Due To Signal Level.......................... 12
3.2 MS/BTS Power ncrease Due To Signal Quality ....................... 15
3.3 BTS Power Decrease Due To Signal Level .............................. 18
3.4 BTS Power Decrease Due To Signal Quality............................ 20
3.5 MS Power Decrease Due To Signal Level ................................ 24
3.6 MS Power Decrease Due To Signal Quality ............................. 26
3.7 MS Power Optimisation ............................................................ 30
3.8 Conclusions.............................................................................. 31
4 Power ControI Exercise.......................................................... 33
5 Key Learning Points............................................................... 34
6 Review Questions................................................................... 37
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1 ModuIe Objectives
At the end oI the module, the participant will be able to:
State the purpose and the important considerations Ior power control in
GSM networks
List the steps involved in the power control process
Explain the diIIerence between Iixed and variable power-change step-size
Discuss the Power Control Algorithms that are used to increase or decrease
the MS or BTS transmit power based on received signal levels and quality
Name the parameters that are used Ior Power Control
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2 Introduction To Power ControI
In a communication link, when one side is received well by the other side, it is
beneIicial to reduce the transmit power by a suitable amount. This is to maintain
the quality oI the communication link while at the same time reducing the
interIerence caused on other calls in surrounding areas, thus increasing the
spectral eIIiciency and capacity oI the network. Uplink power control also
extends the mobiles' battery endurance. Power control reIers to the mechanism
that is used to modiIy, within some limits, the transmit power oI the radio at the
Mobile Station, and Base Station.
In GSM, uplink and downlink power control is carried out independently.
Furthermore, power control is applied independently on each mobile call or
transaction. Depending on the MS power class, the range oI power levels
speciIied Ior uplink power control is between 20 and 30 dB oI attenuation in
steps oI 2 dB. The range used Ior downlink control is manuIacturer dependent
and in steps oI 2 dB.
An operator may choose to apply power control in one direction, in both
directions, or none at all. However, all MS must support power control to
comply with the GSM specs.
Thus, power control is used Ior two purposes:
a) Decrease the power consumption oI each Mobile Stations in the uplink
direction and hence achieve a longer serving time Ior the Mobile Station
rechargeable battery
b) Decrease interIerence in both uplink and downlink directions by using the
lowest possible transmitting power in the Mobile Station and BTS, so
increasing network capacity and spectral eIIiciency.
2.1 Strategy
Power control can be used in the downlink direction in every TRX, except in a
TRX with the BCCH RTSL. This is because each MS is continually measuring
the RX level oI the adjacent cell BCCH`s in any one oI the RTSL oI the BCCH
TRX, and because the BTS has to send system inIormation messages
continuously at Iull planned power on the BCCH to all MS in the cell and
neighbouring cells. The Mobile Station can use power control on each
Irequency continuously, iI needed.
In order to use BTS power control, the parameter PowerCtrlEnabled
(PENA)(POC) should be enabled on a cell by cell basis by the operator.
When using power control, enough margin has to be reserved Ior Rayleigh
Iading and it has to be taken into account that handover always has higher
priority than power control.
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REASONS
Optimize Uplink and Downlink QOS decrease interIerence
Decrease power consumption oI the Mobile
STRATEGY
Handled by the BSC
Enough margin against Rayleigh Iading
HO has always higher priority than POC
Controlled by interval
Increase and decrease act independently (can be Iixed or variable step
size)
BTS and MS apply Power Control independently
BCCH TRX doesn't use Power Control
DL/UL Power Control can be disabled
Initial POC level used by MS in new cell aIter HO, is determined by the
BSC - deIault is max permitted level:
MsTXPwrMaxGSM (PMAX1)(BTS)(5..43)(33dB) Ior GSM850-900
MsTXPwrMaxGSM (PMAX2)(BTS)(0..36)(30dB) Ior GSM1800-1900
and when accessing the CCH oI a cell:
MsTXPwrMaxCCH (TXP)(BTS)(5..43/0..30/0..32)(33/30/30dB) Ior
GSM850-900/1800/1900
Optionally POC/HOC processes can optimise the initial RF power in case
oI intra BSC HO
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2.2 PC ThreshoId Comparison And PC Command
AIter every SACCH multiIrame period, the BSC compares each oI the
processed measurement results (averages) with the relevant power control
thresholds.
Measurements
Measurements
BtsMeasAverage
AveragingWindow SizeAdjCell
AllAdjacentCellsAveraged
NumberOfZeroResults
Averaging
Averaging
Averaging
Averaging
Bookkeeping
Bookkeeping
ho/pc_Averaging_Lev/QuaI_UL/DL
WindowSize
Weight
msDistanceAveragingParameter
WndowSize
DTXMode
Measurements
Measurements
Power Control ?
EnaFastAveCallSetup
EnaFastAvePC
EnaFastAveHO
MS + BTS
MS
Figure 1. Overview
II the power control (PC) threshold comparison indicates that the MS or the
BTS needs an increase or decrease in RF power, then the BSC sends a PC
command to the MS/BTS including the new transmission power level oI the
MS/BTS.
When the BSC deIines the new transmission power level oI the MS, it takes into
account both the RF power capability and the revision level oI the MS. The
BSC may send the PC command simultaneously both to the MS and the BTS or
to one oI them. Power control Ior the MS and BTS runs independently.
The minimum and maximum MS transmission powers are determined on cell-
by-cell basis. The maximum transmission power that an MS may use in the
serving cell is controlled by the parameter msTxPwrMax. The minimum MS
transmission power is controlled by the parameter minMSTxPwr
(PMIN)(BTS).
The maximum transmission power oI the BTS is controlled by the parameter
BsTxPwrMax (PMAX)(POC). The parameter BsTxPwrMin (PMIN)(POC)
indicates the minimum transmission power oI the BTS.
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powerControlInterval 0 . 30 sec
powerIncrStepSize 2, 4, 6 dB
powerRedStepSize 2, 4 dB
powerControlEnabled Y / N
Parameter Value
Uplink Level
Uplink Quality AV_RXQUAL_UL_PC
AV_RXLEV_UL_PC
Downlink Level
Downlink Quality AV_RXQUAL_DL_PC
AV_RXLEV_DL_PC
POWER CONTROL
UPLINK
POWER CONTROL
UPLINK
THRESHOLD
COMPARSON
Separate Averaging Parameters
For Handover and for Power Control
POWER CONTROL
DOWNLINK
POWER CONTROL
DOWNLINK
POC
NTERVAL
Figure 2. Overview
The range oI the BTS transmission power is 30 dB to 0 dB oI attenuation
applied to the maximum peak power oI the base station. The parameter
PowerCtrlEnabled (PENA)(POC) indicates whether the BTS power control is
enabled. When the power control is enabled, it concerns every transceiver oI the
BTS with the exception oI the BCCH (broadcast control channel) transceiver
which always transmits with the maximum power level (parameter
BsTxPwrMax (PMAX)(POC)).
In order to prevent repetitive power changes Ior the same MS/BTS, there is a
timer Ior the minimum time interval between the changes in the RF output
power level. The timer is controlled by the parameter PowerControlInterval
(INT)(POC), which is the minimum interval between the changes in the RF
power level. The averaging and PC threshold comparison do not stop during
this time but the PC commands are not possible.
The BSC observes the power changes Irom the measurement results it receives
Irom the BTS. The measurement result includes the RF power level, which the
MS and the BTS have used during the previous SACCH multiIrame period. II
the MS does not change its output power in time, the BSC sends the PC
command once more. The power control oI the MS does not stop even iI the
MS did not change its RF output power. II the BTS does not change its output
power with the Iirst PC command, the BSC does not send any Iurther PC
commands to the BTS.
The measurement results (uplink or downlink) preceding the MS/BTS power
change are not valid aIter the power change. II the scaling oI measurement
results is disabled (selected by means oI the parameter EnaFastAvePC
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(EFP)(HOC), the averaging and threshold comparison based on those
measurement results (uplink/downlink) must start Irom the beginning aIter the
power change (this concerns both Handover and Power control).
When the scaling oI measurement results is enabled, the BSC scales the relevant
measurement results preceding the power change so that they correspond to the
new transmission power level oI the MS/BTS and thus the averaging and
threshold comparison can continue without interruption, with the exception oI
the PC threshold comparison which always starts Irom the beginning aIter the
power change.
Parameter Value
pcUpper/LowerThresholdsLevUL
rxLevel
px
nx
pcUpper/LowerThresholdsLevDL
rxLevel
px
nx
pcUpper/LowerThresholdsQualUL
rxQual
px
nx
pcUpper/LowerThresholdsQualDL
rxQual
px
nx
-110 ...-47 dBm
1 ... 32
1 ... 32
-110 ... -47 dBm
1 ... 32
1 ... 32
0 ... 7
1 ... 32
1 ... 32
0 ... 7
1 ... 32
1 ... 32
Figure 3. POC Parameters
LowerLEV
UpperLEV
UpperQUAL
LowerQUAL
AppIicabIe in both DownIink and UpIink Directions
Figure 4. Safety Region
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bsTxPwrMax 0 .30 dB
bsTxPwrMin 0 .30 dB
minMsTxPower 0 .36 dBm
msTxPwrMax 0 .36 dBm
Parameter Value
30 dB
Range
System
Dependent
Range
Attenuations
Power Values
Figure 5. Power Control Ranges
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3 Power ControI AIgorithms
Once the comparison oI the averaged values with the corresponding thresholds
has indicated the need Ior the MS or the BTS to increase or decrease their
transmission power, the BSC has to determine the size oI the increase/decrease.
This size is calculated by the Power Control algorithm, starting Irom a Iixed
power change step size, on the basis oI the averaged values, oI the relevant
thresholds and in some cases oI the current (non-averaged) measured values.
Fixed power change step size is selected by means oI the parameter
powRedStepSize (RED)(POC)(2 or 4 dB), which impacts on the size oI the
step Ior the decrease oI the MS/BTS transmission power, and the parameter
powIncrStepSize (INC)(POC)(2, 4 or 6 dB), which impacts on the size oI the
step Ior the increase oI the MS/BTS transmission power.
In some cases the size oI the increase or decrease corresponds to the Iixed
power change step size, while in other cases a variable power change step size
is calculated Irom the Iixed power change step size.
The BSC uses a variable power change step size Ior increasing and decreasing
the MS transmission power and Ior increasing the BTS transmission power in
such situations where the required power change is so large that the use oI the
Iixed step size would require several power control commands and a lot oI time.
By using the variable power change step size instead oI the Iixed step, it is
possible to reach the required power level in one step. A detailed explanation oI
the variable power change step size can be Iound in the Ilowcharts below.
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3.1 MS/BTS Power Increase Due To SignaI LeveI
IF
AV_RXLEV_UL/DL_PC <=PcLowerThreshoIdsLevUL/DL
THEN
MS/BTS power increase due to signal level
IF
RXLEV_UL/DL + 2 *PowIncrStepSize<=PcLowerThreshoIdsLevUL/DL
THEN
PWR_NCR_STEP =PcLowerThreshoIdsLevUL/DL- RXLEV_UL/DL
ELSE
PWR_NCR_STEP = PowIncrStepSize
PowerControIIintervaI
Figure 6. MS / BTS power control due to signal level
The parameters pcLowerThresholdsLevUL and pcLowerThresholdsLevDL
are used in comparison with the averaged values oI uplink/downlink signal level
to trigger the power control. Both thresholds are composed oI three parts:
RxLev (-110 . -47 dBm) is the threshold level to be compared with the
averaged level.
Nx (1 . 32) is the total number oI averages to be taken into account
beIore decision is possible.
Px (1 . 32) is the number oI averages out oI total averages that have to be
lower than or equal to the threshold, beIore power increase is possible.
As described by Figure 6, the BSC compares the averaged measurement result
AVRXLEVUL/DLPC with pcLowerThresholdsLevUL/DL.
AVRXLEVUL/DLPC PcLowerThresholdsLevUL/DL
II this condition is met Ior Px averaged values out oI Nx, then the power control
is triggered.
When the power control is triggered, the power increase step size is calculated
based on the distance Irom the relevant threshold. The variable power change
step size is used in the Iollowing signal strength conditions:
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RXLEVUL/DL 2* PowIncrStepSize PcLowerThresholdsLevUL/DL
In such case the size oI the variable power change step PWRINCRSTEP is
calculated in the Iollowing way:
PWRINCRSTEP PcLowerThresholdsLevUL/DL - RXLEVUL/DL
If RXLEV_UL+ 2*PowIncrStepSize
PcLowerThresholdsLevUL
PWR_INCR_STEP =
PcLowerThresholdsLevUL- RXLEV_UL
(VariabIe step size)
EIse
PWR_INCR_STEP = PowIncrStepSize
RXLEV_UL is the current signaI IeveI
measured by the BTS
RXLEV_UL <> AV_RXLEV_UL_PC ( used
for threshoId comparison)
PcLowerThresholdsLevUL
Power Control Triggered
Figure 7. MS Power Increase Due to Signal Level
f RXLEV_DL + 2*PowIncrStepSize <=
PcLowerThresholdsLevDL
PWR_NCR_STEP =
PcLowerThresholdsLevDL -
RXLEV_DL
(Variable step size)
Else
PWR_NCR_STEP =
PowIncrStepSize
RXLEV_DL is the current signal level
measured by the MS
RXLEV_DL <> AV_RXLEV_DL_PC
(used for threshold comparison)
PcLowerThresholdsLevDL
Figure 8. BTS Power increase due to signal level
In other cases the power increase step size is taken equal to the
powIncrStepSize (INC)(POC)(2, 4 or 6 dB).
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In other words iI two "regular" steps are not enough to go above the lower
thresholds then a variable step is used to increase the transmission power and
bring the received level at the threshold.
It should be noted that RXLEVUL/DL is the current uplink signal level
measured by the BTS/MS and not the averaged value. This is due to the Iact
that the averaged values tend to Iollow the raw measurements with a certain
delay that is longer when the averaging windows gets large.
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3.2 MS/BTS Power Increase Due To SignaI QuaIity
The parameter powerCtrlEnabled (PENA)(POC) enables the BTS power
increase.
The Iollowing parameters pcLowerThresholdsQualUL and
pcLowerThresholdsQualDL are used in comparison with the averaged values
oI uplink/downlink signal quality to trigger the power control.
RxQual (0 . 7) is the threshold level Ior the MS/BTS power increase.
The range is Irom 0 to 7
The BSC compares the averaged measurement result
AVRXQUALUL/DLPC with PcLowerThresholdsQualUL/DL.
AVRXQUALUL/DLPC ~ PcLowerThresholdsQualUL/DL
II this condition is met Px times out oI Nx then the power control is triggered.
NOTE: For 14.4 kbit/s data (see High Speed Circuit Switched Data and 14.4
kbit/s Data Services in BSC /13/), the BSC compares the averaged
measurement result AVRXQUALULPC with the power control threshold
pcLowerThresholdsQual144 instead oI the "standard"
pcLowerThresholdsQualUL.
The BSC always uses a variable power change step size Ior increasing the
MS/BTS transmission power due to signal quality.
The BSC is able to calculate the variable power change step size by means oI
two alternative algorithms, taking into account the cause oI the bad signal
quality. The cause in Iact may be interIerence or low signal level; in order to
cope with the most signiIicant cause oI bad quality, the BSC selects the largest
step size.
The Iirst way is based on the distance between the current quality and the
relevant threshold:
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Only variable step size
Two different Algorithms
Largest increase is considered
PWR_INCR_STEP =
(1+MAX(0,Qa))*PowIncrStepSize
where
Qa = RXQUAL_UL - PcLowerThresholdsQualUL
PWR_INCR_STEP =
(1+MAX(0,Qa))*PowIncrStepSize
where
Qa = RXQUAL_UL - PcLowerThresholdsQualUL
PWR_NCR_STEP =PcLowerThresholdsLevUL- RXLEV_UL
PWR_NCR_STEP =PcLowerThresholdsLevUL- RXLEV_UL
Based on Current Level
Based on Current Quality
F : RXLEV_UL + 2*PowIncrStepSize < =PcLowerThresholdsLevUL
F : RXLEV_UL + 2*PowIncrStepSize < =PcLowerThresholdsLevUL
LARGEST INCREASE
LARGEST INCREASE
Figure 9. MS Power increase due to signal quality
Only variable step size
Two different Algorithms
Largest increase is considered
PWR_NCR_STEP = (1+MAX(0,Qa))*PowIncrStepSize
where
Qa = RXQUAL_DL - PcLowerThresholdsQualDL
PWR_NCR_STEP = (1+MAX(0,Qa))*PowIncrStepSize
where
Qa = RXQUAL_DL - PcLowerThresholdsQualDL
PWR_NCR_STEP = PcLowerThresholdsLevDL - RXLEV_DL
PWR_NCR_STEP = PcLowerThresholdsLevDL - RXLEV_DL
Based on Current Level
Based on Current Quality
F : RXLEV_DL + 2*PowIncrStepSize <= PcLowerThresholdsLevDL
F : RXLEV_DL + 2*PowIncrStepSize <= PcLowerThresholdsLevDL
LARGEST INCREASE
LARGEST INCREASE
Figure 10. BTS Power increase due to signal quality
PWRINCRSTEP (1MAX (0,Qa)) * PowIncrStepSize
where Qa RXQUALUL/DL pcLowerThresholdsQualUL/DL
RXQUALUL/DL is the current signal quality measured by the BTS/MS and
not the averaged value.
The second way is based on the distance between the current received level and
the corresponding threshold. This possibility is taken into consideration only
when this distance is meaningIul, i.e. when
RXLEVUL/DL 2* PowIncrStepSize PcLowerThresholdsLevUL/DL
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The size oI the variable power change step PWRINCRSTEP is calculated in
the Iollowing way:
PWRINCRSTEP PcLowerThresholdsLevUL/DL - RXLEVUL/DL
RXLEVUL/DL is the current uplink signal level measured by the BTS/MS
It should be noted that a low received level doesn't necessarily correlate to bad
quality. In such a case, the application oI the Iixed step in increasing the
transmission power can be a reasonable possibility.
When the power control is triggered by quality, the situation is more critical as
the radio connection is probably suIIering Irom the transmission power being
too low. ThereIore, a more aggressive action is taken by the BSC that always
applies a variable step. This variable step is aIIected by the distance oI the
current quality Irom the threshold and by the distance oI the current level Irom
the relevant threshold.
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3.3 BTS Power Decrease Due To SignaI LeveI
The parameter powerCtrlEnabled (PENA)(POC) should be enabled Ior BTS
power control.
The Iollowing parameters pcUpperThresholdsLevDL and
pcUpperThresholdsQualDL are used in comparison with the averaged values
oI downlink signal level and quality measurements to trigger the power control.
They are composed oI three elements as Iollows:
The decrease oI the transmission power oI the BTS due to level is triggered by
RxLev (-110 . -47 dBm) is the threshold level Ior the BTS power
decrease.
The BSC compares the averaged measurement result AVRXLEVDLPC
with PcUpperThresholdsLevDL
AVRXLEV DLPC ~ PcUpperThresholdsLevDL.
II the condition is met Ior Px averaged values out oI Nx then the power control
due to level is triggered.
if VariableDLStepUse = N
PWR_DECR_STEP = PowRedStepSize
(no variable step size)
PcUpperThresholdsLevDL
VariableDLStepUse Y/N
Parameter VaIue
Figure 11. BTS Power decrease due to signal level
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New BSC speciIic parameter, VariableDLStepUse (VDLS)(BSC), indicates iI
the variable step size is used, when downlink power is decreased. The
parameter has two values, 'yes' and 'no'. The deIault value is 'no', in other words
the variable step size is not in use.
New TRX speciIic parameter, OptimumRxLevDL (LEVD)(TRX), indicates
the optimum downlink RF signal level which both ensures adequate speech/data
quality and does not cause downlink interIerence. The parameter is used by the
power control oI the BTS.
The range is Irom -109 dBm to -47 dBm, the use oI the parameter is disabled
when the value is 'not used'. The deIault value is 'not used'.
f VariableDLStepUse = Y
f RXLEV_DL - 2*PowRedStepSize >=
PWR_DECR_STEP =
MN((RXLEV_DL -
PcUpperThresholdsLevDL),10)
Else
PWR_DECR_STEP =
PowRedStepSize
RXLEV_DL is the current signal level
measured by the MS
RXLEV_DL <> AV_RXLEV_DL_PC ( used
for threshold comparison )
Figure 12. BTS Power decrease due to signal level
The transmission power oI the BTS is decreased oI a quantity given by the Iixed
or variable power change step size, based on the distance between the threshold
and the current received value uplink. In other words iI
RXLEVDL - 2* PowRedStepSize ~ PcUpperThresholdsLevDL
the transmission power oI the BTS is decreased by using the variable power
change step size; otherwise, the Iixed power change step size is used.
The size oI the variable power change step PWRDECRSTEP is calculated in
the Iollowing way:
PWRDECRSTEP MIN((RXLEVDL - PcUpperThresholdsLevDL), 10
1
)
RXLEVDL is the current downlink signal level measured by the MS.
1
It must be noted that the power decrease step is limited to 1 dB at a time due to
limitations in some mobile phones.
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3.4 BTS Power Decrease Due To SignaI QuaIity
The parameter powerCtrlEnabled (PENA)(POC) should be enabled Ior BTS
power control.
The parameter pcUpperThresholdsQualDL is used in comparison with the
averaged values oI downlink quality measurements to trigger the power control.
They are composed oI three elements as Iollows:
The decrease oI the transmission power oI the BTS due to quality is triggered
by
RxQual (0 . 7) is the threshold level Ior the BTS power decrease.
The range is Irom 0 to 7
In the same way AVQUALDLPC and PcUpperThresholdsQualDL are
compared by the BSC.
AVRXQUALDLPC PcUpperThresholdsQualDL.
II the condition is met Ior Px averaged values out oI Nx then the power control
due to quality is triggered.
VariableDLStepUse =Y/N (S9 new feature)
OptimumRxLevDL = -109.-47 dBm/N
f VariableDLStepUse = N
PWR_DECR_STEP = PowRedStepSize (no variable step size)
The decrease in power does not take place if there is the possibility that it would trigger
the threshold PcLowerThresholdsLevDL (the safety margin is 6dB)
Figure 13. BTS Power decrease due to signal quality
The BSC will determine the power change step size by using two alternative
algorithms. The algorithm is selected by means oI the new parameter
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OptimumRxLevDL (LEVD)(TRX) which is controlled on a transceiver-by-
transceiver basis.
There are two diIIerent algorithms based on whether OptimumRxLevDL
(LEVD)(TRX) is used or not. II the resulting receive level downlink
(RXLEVDL) gets close to PcLowerThresholdLevDL (as a result oI the BTS
power decrease) there could be a consecutive increase due to level which will
lead to triggering the decrease again. To avoid this "ping pong" eIIect BSC
makes sure beIore decreasing the power due to signal quality, that RXLEVDL
is at least 6 dB higher than the PcLowerThresholdLevDL , i.e. 6 dB Margin is
in-built in BSC
Calculation based on non-defined optimum downlink RF signal level
The transmission power oI the BTS is decreased oI a quantity given by the Iixed
and the current received value uplink.
II RXLEV_DL - 2 ` PowRedStepSize > PcUpper1hresholdsLevDL
the transmission power oI the BTS is decreased by using the variable power
the Iollowing way:
PWR_DECR_STEP MIN ((RXLEV_DL - PcUpperThresholdsLevDL),
10
1
)
RXLEVDL is the current downlink signal level measured by the MS. The
parameter PcUpperThresholdsLevDL is the threshold (signal strength) level
Ior the BTS power decrease.
If VariableDLStepUse = Y and
If OptimumRxLevDL = < not defined >
If RXLEV_DL - 2*PowRedStepSize >=
PWR_DECR_STEP =MIN((RXLEV_DL -
PcUpperThresholdsLevDL) ,10)
Else
PWRDECRSTEP PowRedStepSize
RXLEVUL is the current signal level measured by the BTS
1
It must be noted that the power decrease step is limited to 1 dB at a time due to
limitations in some mobile phones
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RXLEVUL ~ AVRXLEVULPC (used Ior threshold comparison)
Calculation based on defined optimum downlink RF signal level
II the optimum downlink RF signal level has been deIined Ior the transceiver by
means oI the parameter OptimumRxLevDL (LEVD)(TRX), the variable
power change step size will be based on:
averaged downlink signal quality
quality threshold Ior BTS power decrease
the optimum downlink RF signal level
current downlink signal level
In this case, the BSC uses merely a variable power change step size Ior
decreasing the BTS transmission power. The size oI the variable power change
step PWRDECRSTEP is calculated in the Iollowing way:
PWRDECRSTEP MIN ((
MIN (PwrDecrLimit, MAX (MAX (0, RXLEVDL - OptimumRxLevDL),
(PwrDecrQualFactor MAX (0,Qa)) * PowRedStepSize))), 10)
where Qa PcUpperThresholdsQualDL - AVRXQUALDLPC
PWR_DECR_STEP =
MN ((MN{PwrDecrLimit, MAX[ MAX (0, RXLEV_DL - OptimumRxLevDL),
(PwrDecrFactor + MAX(0, Qa)) *PowRedStepSize|}),10)
where
Qa = PcUpperThresholdsQualDL- AV_RXQUAL_DL_PC
PWR_DECR_STEP =
MN ((MN{PwrDecrLimit, MAX[ MAX (0, RXLEV_DL - OptimumRxLevDL),
(PwrDecrFactor + MAX(0, Qa)) *PowRedStepSize|}),10)
where
Qa = PcUpperThresholdsQualDL- AV_RXQUAL_DL_PC
IF : optimumRxLevDL <> N
IF : optimumRxLevDL <> N
f VariableDLStepUse = Y and
f OptimumRxLevDL = defined
Figure 14. Power Decrease Step Calculation
The parameter PwrDecrLimit/Band0-2 is the maximum size oI the variable
power decrease step:
PwrDecrLimitBand0 (PD0)(POC) indicates the maximum size oI the power
decrease step when the BTS power is decreased due to signal quality and the
averaged signal quality (bit error rate) is better than 0.2 (quality band 0). The
values range Irom 0 to 38 dB with a step size oI 2 dB.
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PwrDecrLimitBand1 (PD1)(POC) indicates the maximum size oI the power
decrease step when the BTS power is decreased due to signal quality and the
averaged signal quality (bit error rate) is between 0.2 and 0.4 (quality band
1). The values range Irom 0 to 38 dB with a step size oI 2 dB.
PwrDecrLimitBand2 indicates the maximum size oI the power decrease step
when the BTS power is decreased due to signal quality and the averaged signal
quality (bit error rate) is worse than 0.4 (quality bands Irom 2 to 7). The values
range Irom 0 to 38 dB with a step size oI 2 dB.
AVRXQUALDLPC is the averaged signal quality band Ior power control
and the parameter PcUpperThresholdsQualDL indicates the quality band
which corresponds to the quality threshold Ior the BTS power decrease
The parameter PwrDecrQualFactor (PDF)(POC) indicates whether the power
decrease takes place when the current downlink signal level (RXLEVDL) is
lower than the optimum downlink RF signal level (OptimumRxLevDL) and the
averaged signal quality (AVRXQUALDLPC) equals to the quality threshold
PcUpperThresholdsQualDL.
Additionally it should be noted that the power decrease due to quality does not
take place iI there is a possibility that it would trigger the threshold
pcLowerThresholdsLevDL. A saIety margin is used which is equal to 6 dB.
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3.5 MS Power Decrease Due To SignaI LeveI
The parameter pcUpperThresholdsLevUL is used in comparison with the
averaged values oI uplink signal level measurements to trigger the power
control. As usual, the threshold is composed oI three parts:
rxLev (-110 . -47 dBm) is the threshold level Ior the MS power
decrease.
greater than or equal to the threshold beIore power decrease is possible
f RXLEV_UL - 2*PowRedStepSize >=
PcUpperThresholdsLevUL
PWR_DECR_STEP = RXLEV_UL -
Else
PWR_DECR_STEP =
PowRedStepSize
RXLEV_UL is the current signal level
measured by the BTS
RXLEV_UL <> AV_RXLEV_UL_PC ( used for
threshold comparison )
Figure 15. MS Power decrease due to signal level
The BSC compares the averaged measurement result AVRXLEVULPC
with pcUpperThresholdsLevUL.
AVRXLEV ULPC ~ PcUpperThresholdsLevUL.
II at least Px averages out oI Nx averages are greater than or equal to the
threshold RxLev, the power control due to level is triggered.
The transmission power oI the MS is decreased oI a quantity given by the Iixed
and the current received value uplink. In other words iI
RXLEVUL - 2* PowRedStepSize ~ PcUpperThresholdsLevUL
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the transmission power oI the MS is decreased by using the variable power
the Iollowing way:
PWRDECRSTEP RXLEVUL - PcUpperThresholdsLevUL
where (again) the current uplink signal level RXLEVUL is considered. The
reason Ior using the current value oI the uplink level measured by the BTS
instead oI the averaged value AVRXLEV ULPC, is that the average is
always delayed with respect to the raw values and consequently the power
decrease might result too small when e.g. the MS is approaching the BTS.
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3.6 MS Power Decrease Due To SignaI QuaIity
Two diIIerent algorithms are used based on OptimumRxLevUL (LEV)(TRX)
being used or not. II the resulting RXLEVUL would get too close to
PcLowerThresholdLevUL (as a result oI the decrease) there could be a
consecutive increase due to level, which will lead to triggering the decrease
again. To avoid this "ping pong" eIIect BSC makes sure beIore decreasing the
power due to signal quality that RXLEVUL is at least 6 dB higher than the
PcLowerThresholdLevUL , i.e. 6 dB Margin is in-built in BSC
LowerLEV
UpperLEV
UpperQUAL
LowerQUAL
Power decrement due to quaIity
Power increment due to IeveI
Figure 16. Ping Pong Effect
The parameter pcUpperThresholdsQualUL is used Ior comparing the
averaged values oI uplink signal quality measurements Ior triggering the power
control. As all the other thresholds related with power control, this parameter is
composed oI three parts:
RxQual (0 . 7) is the threshold level Ior the MS power increase. The
range is Irom 0 to 7
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The condition
AVRXQUALULPC PcUpperThresholdsQualUL
Ior at least Px averages out oI Nx triggers the power control due to quality.
The BSC determines the variable power change step size by using two
alternative algorithms. The algorithm is selected by means oI the parameter
optimumRxLevUL (LEV)(TRX)(-109 dBm to -47 dBm) which is controlled
on a transceiver-by-transceiver basis. OptimumRxLevUL (LEV)(TRX)(-109
dBm to -47 dBm) indicates the optimum uplink RF signal level that is high
enough to ensure adequate speech/data quality and low enough to avoid
unnecessary uplink interIerence. The use oI the parameter is disabled when the
value is 'not used'.
Additionally it should be noted that the power decrease due to quality does not
take place iI there is a possibility that it would trigger the threshold
pcLowerThresholdsLevUL. A saIety margin is used which is equal to 6 dB.
F : optimumRxLevUL = N
F : optimumRxLevUL = N
if RXLEV_UL - 2*PowRedStepSize >= PcUpperThresholdsLevUL
PWR_DECR_STEP = RXLEV_UL - PcUpperThresholdsLevUL
else
PWR_DECR_STEP =PowRedStepSize
Same as in the MS Power decrease due to
Signal Level,
but Triggered by different condition (quality)
Figure 17. MS Power decrease due to signal quality
OptimumRxLevUL 'not used'
Fixed step is the deIault, but iI the signal level is very high, besides the
excessive signal quality, the variable power change step size is used. In other
words iI:
RXLEVUL - 2* PowRedStepSize ~ PcUpperThresholdsLevUL
then a variable step is used. The size oI the variable power change step is
calculated in the Iollowing way:
PWRDECRSTEP RXLEVUL - PcUpperThresholdsLevUL
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where RXLEVUL is the current uplink signal level measured by the BTS and
not the averaged value.
PcUpperThresholdQualUL= 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-
1
0
9
-
1
0
7
-
1
0
5
-
1
0
3
-
1
0
1
-
9
9
-
9
7
-
9
5
-
9
3
-
9
1
-
8
9
-
8
7
-
8
5
-
8
3
-
8
1
-
7
9
-
7
7
-
7
5
-
7
3
-
7
1
-
6
9
-
6
7
-
6
5
-
6
3
RxLev_UL
P
w
r
_
D
e
c
r
_
S
t
e
p
B= Max ( 0 , RXLEV_UL - OptimumRxLevUL) C= (PwrDecrFactor + Max(0,Qa)) *PwrRedStepSize Min(Max(B;C) , PwrDecrLimit)
PWR_DECR_STEP =
MIN[ PwrDecrLimit, MAX( MAX (0, RXLEV_UL - OptimumRxLevUL),
(PwrDecrFactor + MAX(0, Qa)) *PowRedStepSize ) ]
where Qa = PcUpperThresholdsQualUL - AV_RXQUAL_UL_PC
PWR_DECR_STEP =
MIN[ PwrDecrLimit, MAX( MAX (0, RXLEV_UL - OptimumRxLevUL),
(PwrDecrFactor + MAX(0, Qa)) *PowRedStepSize ) ]
where Qa = PcUpperThresholdsQualUL - AV_RXQUAL_UL_PC
IF : optimumRxLevUL ~ N
IF : optimumRxLevUL ~ N
PwrDecrLimitBand0 : if
AV_RXQUAL_UL_PC = 0
PwrDecrLimit 10dB
AV_RXQUAL_UL_PC = 1
AV_RXQUAL_UL_PC = 2
Figure 18. MS Power decrease due to signal quality
The philosophy behind this solution is that the condition oI good quality doesn't
necessarily correspond to a high-received level and in such a case, the
application oI the Iixed step is a reasonable choice.
II the received level is above the threshold pcUpperThresholdsLevUL , then
the step in the power decrease can be easily and saIely determined. In this case,
the step size calculation is based on a diIIerent threshold than the one that
triggered the power control.
OptimumRxLevUL ~ 'not used'
II the optimum uplink RF signal level has been deIined Ior the transceiver by
means oI the parameter optimumRxLevUL (LEV)(TRX), the variable power
change step size will be based on:
the averaged uplink signal quality
the quality threshold Ior the MS power decrease
the optimum uplink RF signal level
the current uplink signal level.
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In this case, the BSC always uses the variable power change step size Ior
decreasing the MS transmission power. The variable step is calculated as
Iollows:
PWRDECRSTEP MIN (PwrDecrLimit, MAX (MAX (0, RXLEVUL -
OptimumRxLevUL), (PwrDecrQualFactor MAX (0,Qa)) *
PowRedStepSize))
The Iormula is quite complicated and can be simpliIied as Iollows:
PWR_DECR_STEP MIN (PwrDecrLimit, MAX (A, B))
The parameter pwrDecrLimit indicates the maximum possible reduction to the
power oI the MS and in reality takes three diIIerent values depending on the
value oI the averaged quality that triggered the power control.
pwrDecrLimitBand0 (PD0)(POC)(0, 2, . 38) maximum size oI the power
decrease, when the averaged signal quality (bit error rate) is better than 0.2
(quality band 0).
decrease, when the averaged signal quality (bit error rate) is between 0.2
and 0.4 (quality band 1).
decrease, when the averaged signal quality (bit error rate) is worse than 0.4
(quality bands 2-7)
The term A MAX (0, RXLEVUL - optimumRxLevUL), generates a
decrease in the MS transmission power that would bring the received level
Uplink (not the averaged level, but the current received level) to the optimum
level as deIined by the parameter optimumRxLevUL (LEV)(TRX)(-109 dBm
to -47 dBm). It can be noted that A may be equal to 0.
The term B (PwrDecrQualFactor MAX (0,Qa)) * PowRedStepSize
where Qa pcUpperThresholdsQualUL - AVRXQUALULPC
takes into account the distance in quality between the averaged quality and the
threshold that triggered the power control. This distance is multiplied by the
powRedStepSize (RED) POC)(2 , 4).
The parameter pwrDecrQualFactor (PDF)(POC)(2 , 4) is used to have always
B ~ 0. In Iact iI Qa0 and A0, then the calculation oI the variable step gives
PWRDECRSTEP PwrDecrQualFactor * PowRedStepSize
The parameter allows the operator to avoid that there is no reduction oI
transmission power in the MS when good quality uplink is encountered.
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3.7 MS Power Optimisation
NormaIIy MS accesses the TCH with the maximum Tx Power aIIowed in the ceII:
msTxPwrMax
When power optimization is empIoyed
MS_TXPWR_ OPT = MsTxPwrMax - MAX ( 0, (RXLEV_UL - OptimumRxLevUL) )
Parameter OptimumRxLevUL must be defined for each TRX in the ceII. If there are
different vaIues defined for different TRXs then maximum vaIue is considered in the
caIcuIation.
RXLEV_UL is measured during signaIIing phase
OptimumRxLevUL -109 . -47 / N dBm
Parameter VaIue
Figure 19. Call Set-up
NormaIIy MS uses the maximum Tx Power aIIowed in the target ceII
msTxPwrMax
When power optimization is empIoyed
MS_TXPWR_ OPT = MsTxPwrMax - MAX( 0, (AV_RXLEV_UL_HO + (MsTxPwrMax -
MS_TXPWR) - OptimumRxLevUL)
Parameter OptimumRxLevULmust be defined for each TRX in the ceII. If different
vaIues then maximum is considered
ExampIe: AV_RXLEV_UL_HO= -75 dBm
OptimumRxLevUL= -80 dBm MS_TXPWR_OPT = 33 dBm -MAX( 0, -75 dBm+80 dBm)
MS_TXPWR_MAX= 33 dBm = 33 dBm -5 dB = 28 dBm
MS_TXPWR = 33 dBm
Figure 20. ntracell Handover
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NormaIIy MS uses the maximum Tx Power aIIowed in the target ceII
msTxPwrMax
When power optimization is empIoyed;
MS_TXPWR_ OPT(n) = MsTxPwrMax(n) - MAX ( 0, (AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) - MsPwrOptLevel) )
Parameter msPwrOptLeveI is defined on a per adjacent ceII basis
msPwrOptLeveI -110 . -47/N dBm
Parameter VaIue
6 dB
Handover
Serving Cell DL
Adjacent Cell DL
Adjacent
Cell UL
msPwrOptLevel
Affects Uplink
Either Uplink signal equals
downlink signal
Or Differences in UL / DL
considered when defining
msOptPwrLevel
Figure 21. nternal ntercell Handover
3.8 ConcIusions
When trying to understand the power control algorithm, it should be kept in
mind that the whole process is composed oI Iour steps:
Measurements done by the MS and by the BTS
Measurement processing in the BSC
Threshold comparison
Calculation oI the power change
The last step may appear complicated due to the large diIIerentiation in the
Iormulas used by the algorithm. The situation is diIIerent when the power
control is triggered by quality (good or bad) or by level (high or low) and
depending on the transmission power being required Ior the MS or the BTS.
It is possible to get a more clear idea by noting that in all cases a range oI good
values is deIined by an upper threshold and lower threshold. The power control
works tries to keep the received level and the received quality into that range by
changing the transmitter power "on the other side" oI the radio connection.
In case oI power control due to level, the averaged value is out oI the range (or
on its border) and the action is taken to bring it within the deIined band. The
variable step is calculated very easily in this case.
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When the quality is out oI range, then issue is more complicated because the
reason Ior good (or bad) quality could be a very high (or too low) received
power. ThereIore, the calculation oI the power change step size involves both
level and quality.
For the MS, in particular a dedicated parameter optimumRxLevUL
(LEV)(TRX) is used to deIine what can be considered an optimum level to be
received by the BTS. When used, this parameter aIIects the calculation oI the
step used in the power decrease.
Finally
The power decrease due to quality does not take place iI there is a possibility
that it would trigger the threshold pcLowerThresholdsLevUL/DL. A saIety
margin is used which is equal to 6 dB.
The power control oI the BTS can be disabled by means oI the parameter
powerCtrlEnabled (PENA)(POC).
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4 Power ControI Exercise
1) Look-up the deIault and recommended values Ior the thresholds named on
this diagram, and compare those values to the values that are shown on the
diagram.
2) State the optimum range oI values Ior RX level & RX quality, Ior both UL
& DL.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
1
1
0
-
1
0
8
-
1
0
6
-
1
0
4
-
1
0
2
-
1
0
0
-
9
8
-
9
6
-
9
4
-
9
2
-
9
0
-
8
8
-
8
6
-
8
4
-
8
2
-
8
0
-
7
8
-
7
6
-
7
4
-
7
2
-
7
0
-
6
8
-
6
6
-
6
4
-
6
2
-
6
0
-
5
8
-
5
6
-
5
4
-
5
2
-
5
0
dBm dBm
QuaIity QuaIity
RxlevAccMin RxlevAccMin
RxlevAccMin RxlevAccMin(n) (n)
PcLowerThresholdLevUL PcLowerThresholdLevUL/DL /DL
PcUpperThresholdLevUL PcUpperThresholdLevUL/DL /DL
PcLowerThresholdQualUL PcLowerThresholdQualUL/DL /DL
PcUpperThresholdQualUL PcUpperThresholdQualUL/DL /DL
No Action Needed No Action Needed
Increase Power Increase Power
Decrease Power Decrease Power
PcUpperThresholdQualUL/DL
Power decrease
No action needed
PcUpperThresholdLevUL/DL
PcLowerThresholdLevUL/DL
PcLowerThresholdQualUL/DL
RxLevMinCell(n)
RxLevAccMin
Power increase
ThreshoIds
Actions
Figure 22. Power Control Thresholds and Actions Uplink & Downlink
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5 Key Learning Points
Power control (PC): is a method oI battery charge endurance improvement and
interIerence reduction. The aim is to maintain a good link quality at lowest
possible transmit powers. It can be applied in uplink and downlink direction. It
is controlled by the BSC and perIormed in both base station and mobile station.
When power control is enabled, it concerns every transceiver oI the BTS with
the exception oI the BCCH (broadcast control channel) transceiver which
always transmits with the maximum power level. This is because
a) Mobiles detecting a BCCH carrier in the power-up procedure need a
constant carrier signal
b) Every MS is also continuously measuring the RX level oI the adjacent cell
BCCH`s so this signal has to be always at its highest value in every RTSL
oI the BCCH TRX.
When in dedicated or connected mode, the mobile reports on a regular basis
received signal power oI the serving cell to the base station. BS commands the
mobile to reduce/ increase its transmit power in incremental steps oI 2 dB.
Power control can be level-based, quality based or both.
Level-based power control means the BTS aims Ior a target RX level. Transmit
power oI mobiles and BS is regulated such, that the received signal is always
near the target level.
In order to use BTS power control, an operator should enable it on a cell by cell
basis using the parameter Power Control Enabled:
PowerCtrlEnabled (PENA)(POC)
Power control algorithm is composed oI the Iollowing steps:
a) Measurements done by the MS and by the BTS and sent to BSC
b) Measurement processing in the BSC
c) Threshold comparison: a threshold is compared with BTS measurements. A
range oI good values is deIined by an upper threshold and lower threshold
Ior signal level and quality Ior uplink and downlink. The power control
works tries to keep the received level and quality into this range by
changing the transmitter power
d) Calculation oI the power change: comparison indicates that the MS or the
BTS needs an increase or decrease in RF power
The BSC sends a PC command to the MS/BTS including the new transmission
power level oI the MS/BTS
The minimum and maximum MS transmission powers are determined on cell-
by-cell basis by the parameters
MsTxPwrMaxGSM.
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minsTxPwrMin (PMIN)(BTS)
The maximum and minimum transmission power oI the BTS is controlled by
the Iollowing parameters respectively
BsTxPwrMax (PMAX)(POC)
BsTxPwrMin (PMIN)(POC)
The range oI the BTS transmission power is Irom 30 dB to 0 dB oI attenuation
Irom the maximum peak power oI the base station transmitter.
To prevent repetitive changes oI RF output power Ior the MS/BTS, a minimum
time interval between the changes can be set using the parameter:
PowerControlInterval (INT)(POC)
Fast Averaging Ior power control allows only measurements aIter a Power
Change to be used Ior averaging and it is enabled using the parameter:
EnaFastAvePC (EFP)(HOC))
The BSC determine the size oI the increase or decrease oI transmit power using
Iixed step size or variable step size (used in situations where the required power
change is so large that the use oI the Iixed step size would require several power
control commands and a lot oI time)
Fixed transmit power change step size Ior MS/BTS is selected using parameter
powRedStepSize (RED)(POC)(2 or 4 dB)
powIncrStepSize (INC)(POC)(2, 4 or 6 dB)
Variable transmit power step size is enabled using parameter:
VariableDLStepUse (VDLS)(BSC)(Yes/No): deIault value 'no'
There are a number oI possibilities during Power Control
1. The MS/BTS power increase due to signal level is carried out when the
Iollowing condition is satisIied Px averaged values out oI Nx values
AVRXLEVUL/DLPC PcLowerThresholdsLevUL/DL
where
pcLowerThresholdsLevUL : lower threshold parameter Ior uplink
pcLowerThresholdsLevDL : lower threshold parameter Ior downlink
RxLev (-110 . -47 dBm) : threshold level used Ior comparison
Nx (1 . 32) number oI averages to be taken into account beIore decision
is possible
Px (1 . 32) is the number oI averages that have to be lower than or equal
to the threshold, beIore power increase is possible
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2. The MS/BTS power increase due to signal quality is carried out when the
Iollowing condition is satisIied Px averaged values out oI Nx
AVRXQUALUL/DLPC PcLowerThresholdsQualUL/DL
where
pcLowerThresholdsQualUL : lower threshold parameter Ior uplink
pcLowerThresholdsQualDL: lower threshold parameter Ior downlink
RxQual (0 . 7) is the threshold level Ior the MS/BTS power increase
3. The BTS power decrease due to signal level is carried out when the Iollowing
condition is satisIied Px averaged values out oI Nx
AVRXLEVDLPC PcUpperThresholdsLevDL
where
pcUpperThresholdsLevUL : lower threshold parameter Ior uplink
A New TRX speciIic parameter, OptimumRxLevDL (LEVD)(TRX), indicates
the optimum downlink RF signal level which both ensures adequate speech/data
quality and does not cause downlink interIerence. The parameter is used by the
power control oI the BTS. The range is Irom -109 dBm to -47 dBm, the use oI
the parameter is disabled when the value is 'not used'. The deIault value is 'not
used'.
4. The BTS power decrease due to signal quality is carried out when the
AVRXQUALDLPC PcUpperThresholdsQual DL
Where pcUpperThresholdsQualDL: upper threshold Ior downlink
5. The MS power decrease due to signal level is carried out when the Iollowing
condition is satisIied Px averaged values out oI Nx
AVRXLEVULPC PcUpperThresholdsLevUL
Where pcUpperThresholdsLevUL : lower threshold Ior uplink.
6. The MS power decrease due to signal quality is carried out when the
AVRXQUALULPC PcUpperThresholdsQualUL
Where pcUpperThresholdsQualUL: upper threshold Ior downlink.
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6 Review Questions
Q1. Which oI the Iollowing is true about Power Control?
A. It reduces battery liIetime.
B. It results in increased interIerence.
C. It aims to maintain a good link quality at lowest possible transmit powers.
D. It is downlink direction only.
E. It is perIormed by BTS in both BSC and mobile station.
Q2. Why is power control not used on the TRX that transmits the BCCH?
A. Mobiles detecting a BCCH carrier in the power-up procedure need a
constant carrier signal.
B. Every MS is also continuously measuring the RX level oI the adjacent cell
BCCH`s so this signal has to be always at its highest value.
C. It can reduce battery liIetime Ior MS.
D. All oI the above
E. Choices A and B.
Q3. Which oI the Iollowing steps are used in Power control algorithm?
A. Measurements done by the MS and by the BTS and sent to BSC.
B. Measurement processing in the BSC
C. Threshold comparison.
D. Calculation oI the power change.
E. All oI the above.
Q4. Which parameter does an operator use to enable BTS power control on a
cell by cell basis?
A. PowerCtrlEnabled (PENA)(POC).
B. MsTxPwrMax
C. MsTxPwrMin
D. BsTxPwrMax (PMAX)(POC).
E. BsTxPwrMin (PMIN)(POC)
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Q5. Which parameter sets the maximum BTS transmission powers?
A. PowerCtrlEnabled (PENA)(POC).
B. MsTxPwrMax
C. MsTxPwrMin
D. BsTxPwrMax (PMAX)(POC).
E. BsTxPwrMin (PMIN)(POC)
Q6. Why is there a need Ior a variable step size in Power Control?
A. The BSC determines the size oI the increase or decrease oI transmit power.
B. Using Iixed step size would violate threshold comparison.
C. When the required power change is so large that the it would require several
power control commands and hence a lot oI time.
D. To prevent repetitive changes oI RF output power Ior the MS/BTS.
E. It is a requirement oI Iast averaging.
Q7. To prevent repetitive changes oI RF output power Ior the MS/BTS, a
minimum time interval between the changes can be set using the parameter
A. VariableDLStepUse (VDLS)(BSC)(Yes/No)
B. powRedStepSize (RED)(POC)(2 or 4 dB)
C. powIncrStepSize (INC)(POC)(2, 4 or 6 dB)
D. EnaFastAvePC (EFP)(HOC))
E. PowerControlInterval (INT)(POC)
Q8, Fast Averaging Ior power control is enabled using the parameter:
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Q9. Fixed step size Ior MS/BTS transmit power decrease is selected using
parameter
Q10. Fixed transmit power increase step size Ior MS/BTS is selected using
parameter
Q11. Variable transmit power step size is enabled using parameter:
Q12. Which oI the Iollowing is true about Px and Nx in PC Algorithms?
A. Nx represents lower threshold parameter Ior uplink.
B. Px represent lower threshold parameter Ior downlink.
C. They are threshold level used Ior comparison.
D. Nx is number oI averages taken into account beIore decision is possible.
E. Px is the number oI averages that have to be lower than or equal to the
threshold, beIore power change is possible.
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Nokia Oyj 40 (40)
Q13. Which TRX parameter indicates the optimum downlink RF signal level
ensures both adequate speech/data quality and does not cause downlink
interIerence
A. PcLowerThresholdsQualUL/DL
B. PcLowerThresholdsQualUL/DL
C. PcUpperThresholdsLevUL
D. PcUpperThresholdsQualDL
E. OptimumRxLevDL (LEVD)(TRX)
Q14. Which threshold parameter is used to decrease MS power due to signal
level?
A. PcLowerThresholdsQualUL/DL
B. PcLowerThresholdsQualUL/DL
C. PcUpperThresholdsLevUL
D. PcUpperThresholdsQualDL
E. PcUpperThresholdsQualDL:
Q15. Which condition has to be satisIied Ior Px averaged values out oI Nx when
the MS power is decreased due to signal quality?
A. AVRXLEVULPC PcUpperThresholdsLevUL
B. AVRXQUALULPC PcUpperThresholdsQualUL
C. AVRXQUALUL/DLPC PcLowerThresholdsQualUL/DL
D. AVRXLEVDLPC PcUpperThresholdsLevDL
E. AVRXQUALDLPC PcLowerThresholdsQualDL

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