1/2/13 5th Term - Construction Equipment Management

1/81 www.scribd.com/doc/37635206/5th-Term-Construction-Equipment-Management
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ANEQQHDHAE\HIJIDOE@I[GUWHVOGJ\
Construction equipment classification facilitates identifying equipment, verifying stock, locating
spares, recording repairs, accounting costs, indexing catalogues, logging performance, monitoring
effectiveness, estimating outputs, and vnejjhjb procurements. There are many methods for
classifying construction equipment. These include dividing the equipment into special purpose and
general purpose machines; classifying equipment according to the alphanumeric code generally,
conforming to the description of equipment; and categorizing equipment into its functional use. In
particular,functionalclassificationofmajorequipmentisreflectedinbelow:
Dwja|hijenAneqqhdhae|hijidAijq|{wa|hijGuwhvogj|
5Ge{|cri{mGuwhvogj|

Gsaete|hijejlnhd|hjbguwhvogj|backactor(orbackhaul,faceshovels,draglines,grata
orclamshellandtrenchers.
Ge{|caw||hjbejloithjbguwhvogj|bulldozers,scrapers,front-endloaders
\{ejqvi{|e|hijguwhvogj|tippersdumptruck,scrapersrailwagonsandconveyors.
Aiovea|hjb ejl dhjhqchjb guwhvogj|tamping foot rollers, smooth wheel rollers,
pneumaticrollers,vibratoryrollers,platecompactors,impactcompactorsandgraders.
;Oe|g{henqCihq|hjbVnej|
Oikhnga{ejgqcrawlermounted,self-propelledrubber-tired,truck-mounted.
\irg{a{ejgqstationary,travellingandclimbingtypes.
1/2/13 5th Term - Construction Equipment Management
2/81 www.scribd.com/doc/37635206/5th-Term-Construction-Equipment-Management
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\C
\G[O/AIJQ\[WA\HIJGUWHVOGJ\OEJEBGOGJ\ Vebg5
Cihq|qmobile,fixed,fork-lifts.
1Aija{g|hjbVnej|$Guwhvogj|
Productionequipment-batchingplants,concretemixers.

Transportationequipmenttruckmixers,concretedumpers
Placing equipmentconcrete pumps, concrete buckets, elevators, conveyors, hoists,
groutingequipment.
Precastingspecialequipmentvibratingandtiltingtables,batterymoulds,surfacefinishes
equipment, prestressing equipment, GRC equipment, steam curing equipment, shifting
equipment.
Erectionequipment.
Concretevibrating,repairingandcuringequipment,
Concretelaboratorytestingequipment.
< Qwvvi{|ejlW|hnh|xQg{thagqGuwhvogj|
Pumpingequipment.
Sewagetreatmentequipment.

Pipelinelayingequipment.
Powergenerationandtransmissionlineerectionequipment.
Compressedairequipment.
Heating,ventilationandair-conditioning(HVAC)equipment.
Workshopincludingwoodworkingequipment.
7 QvgahenVw{viqgCgetxAijq|{wa|hijVnej|

Aggregateproductionplant&rockblastingequipment
Hotmixplantandpavingequipment.
Marineequipment.
Large-diameterpipelayingequipment.
Pilesandpiledrivingequipment,

Cofferdamsandcaissonsequipment.
Bridgeconstructionequipment.
Railwayconstructionequipment.
8;GE[\CDEA\I[HJGE[\CRI[M
The oiq|hovi{|ej|dea|i{thatdeterminesthesuitabilityofequipmentforearthworkistheearthitself.
The earthwork process is affected by the ground condition. The main ground characteristics which
influence the performance of the equipment are the suitability of equipment, the lhbbhjb gddi{|. |cg
resultingoutput,andtheoutputmeasurement.
8;5Guwhvogj|Qwh|ekhnh|x
The type of earthmoving equipment required varies with the nature of the soil and tasks to be
performed.Typicaljob-relatedequipmentusedinbuildingprojectsaregivenbelow:
(5(Gsaete|hjbejlnhd|hjbhjqid|ge{|c
#e(Deeppitsexcavation Clamshellanddragline.
#k(Shallowpitexcavation Backhoes.
#a(Groundlevelexcavation Shovels.
#l(Shallowtrenching Trenchers,excavators(backhoes).
#g(Wetsoilexcavation Excavators(draglineor)grab.
#;(Aw||hjb0itg{ e{geq
#e(Short-hauls
#k(Long-hauls
#1( Nielhjbejl|{ejqvi{|hjbgsaete|glqihn
#e(Loadingsoil Loaders,shovels,excavators.
#k(Transportingsoil Tippers,dumpers,scrapers.railwagons,conveyors.
8;;LhbbhjbGddi{|
The lhbbhjbgddi{|idguwhvogj|dependsuponthenatureofthesoil.Forexample,itiseasytodigin
commonearththaninstiffclayeysoil.Thetypicalsoilfactor whichdeterminesthe
comparativeequipmenteffortrequiredinvarioustypesof
Lhbbhjbgddi{|
Qihn
1/2/13 5th Term - Construction Equipment Management
3/81 www.scribd.com/doc/37635206/5th-Term-Construction-Equipment-Management
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\G[O/AIJQ\[WA\HIJGUWHVOGJ\OEJEBGOGJ\ Vebg;
qihnqcanbetakenasunder
Je|w{gidqihn
Loam,sand,gravelCommonearthStiffclay,soft
rock
Lhbbhjbgddi{|
Easy digging Medium digging
Harddigging
dea|i{
5*6
TinwogAijtg{qhijidQihnk{hih|q\c{gg Q|e|gq

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\G[O/AIJQ\[WA\HIJGUWHVOGJ\OEJEBGOGJ\ Vebg1
8;1TinwogAijtg{qhij
The volume measure varies with the state
ofthesoil.Three q|e|gqidsoilencountered
in earthmoving operations are in-place
natual soil, loose excavated bulk soil, and compacted soil. The volume of soil in its in-place natural
state is usually, referred to as the bank volume. It swells when heaped in a loose state after
excavation,andshrinkswhenmechanicallycompacted.
8;<Guwhvogj|Iw|vw|
The equipment capability to perform an assigned earthwork task can been be determined d{io the
on-siteactualtrialsorcanbeaccessedfromitspastperformancerecordsof
Operationundersimilarsiteconditions
Theequipment'shourlyoutputisdeterminedbymultiplyingtheearthquantitymoved
(Load)percyclebythenumberofcyclesperhour
Guwhvogj|ea|wenciw{nxiw|vw|?Ea|wenniel)axangsaxangq)ciw{
For example, a front-end loader on a given job moves a load of 1.5 m
1
of loose soil in one cycle
consistingofloading-lifting-travelling-unloading-returntrip-sodreadyforloading.Ifeachcycletimeis
5; minutes,then
Ea|weniw|vw|vg{ri{mhjbciw{?Nielvg{axangsaxangqvg{ciw{
1.5m
1
*60minutes/1.2minutes=75m
1
perhour.
But at the planning stage the actual on-site trials may not be feasible, and the past performance
datamaynotalwaysbeavailable,oritmaynotbeadequateasthesiteconditionsvaryfromplaceto
place and project to project. In the absence of these reliable performance methods, the equipment
output norms can be derived from the performance data given in the oejwdea|w{g{q manuals. This
off-the-job equipment hourly ideal output data is reflected in these manuals in the form of charts,
graphs, performance curves, and tables. This 'ideal output' is multiplied by 'correction factor' to
determinetheoptimumoutput
5
.
Iv|howoiw|vw|?Hlgeniw|vw|sAi{{ga|hijdea|i{
Correction factor depends upon the operating characteristics of the equipment and the site
conditionslikeexcavatorswingfactor,earthgradefactor,soilfactor,rollingresistance,tractionfactor,
andsoon.Theidealoutputandcorrectionfactorarecoveredinsubsequentparagraphsundereach
equipment.
The equipment planned performance at site of work depends upon many situational factors that
influence the output. These situational factors can be broadly grouped under two headings, i.e.
controllable factors and uncontrollable factors. The output adopted planning purposes can be
determinedasunder:
Vnejjgliw|vw|?Iv|howoiw|vw|sVg{di{oejagdea|i{
Je|w{gidqihn Kejmtinwog Niiqgtinwog Aiovea|gltinwog
Aiooijge{|c
Qejl
Anex
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5*16
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