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PURPOSE:
This document shall form the basis for the preparation and exchange of major component FE models within Airbus, and will be applicable to all future analysis structures and projects. The intention is to create a common FE model of a complete aircraft structure by assembling the component parts as supplied, without the need to alter FE interface details, and which will analyse first time without the need to re-work the FE structure. The model obtained will provide the starting point for all future analysis work and for all engineering disciplines, thus avoiding duplication of effort. This specification has been prepared by representatives of each site of Airbus.
SCOPE:
Name Function
Name Function
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Table of contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 Objective.................................................................................... 3 Finite Element Analysis Code.................................................. 4 Finite Element Model Definition............................................... 5 General Interface Requirements.............................................. 9 Quality Assurance of Components and Documentation ..... 12 Complete Model Assembly, Quality Assurance and Documentation........................................................................ 17 Mass Data ................................................................................ 18 Dynamic Model........................................................................ 19 Update Procedure ................................................................... 20
7 8 9
APPENDIX A Forms............................................................................................... 21 APPENDIX B General Explanations and Guidelines .......................................... 28 APPENDIX C........................................................................................................... 64 Reference documents ........................................................................................... 67 Glossary ................................................................................................................. 67 Approval ................................................................................................................. 67 Record of revisions ............................................................................................... 68
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Objective
This specification shall form the basis for the preparation and exchange of major component FE models within AIRBUS, and will be applicable to all future analysis structures and projects. The intention is to create a common FE model of a complete aircraft structure by assembling the component parts as supplied, without the need to alter FE interface details, and which will analyse first time without the need to re-work the FE structure. This model will provide the starting point for all future analysis work and for all engineering disciplines, thus avoiding duplication of effort. The specification also identifies common validation procedures to assure that all the analysis work undertaken by Airbus continues to be of the highest quality consistent with world class design organisations. The correct application of AM2036 will not guarantee that the model results are acceptable to the project, only that the results will reliably reflect the response of the structure and will not be affected by analysis anomalies. This specification will be subject to review on a regular basis.
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A complete full diameter fuselage. Both Left and Right wings, including wing-let and wing-tip devices if applicable. Both Left and Right Horizontal Tailplanes. Vertical Tailplane. All Engine Attachment Pylons. All Landing Gears. All moving surfaces required for Dynamic Analysis (including actuators and attachments structures). All Fairings required for Dynamic Analysis.
Each structural component shall be supplied as a separate MSC.Nastran bulk data file, additional data required to enable test analysis of the component should also be supplied as a further computer file. The model supplied must contain the following data:
The model data shall be supplied in N and mm. The model must include all the requisite attachments for the application of masses for Dynamic Analysis. The constituent components of an A-set for use in creating a condensed model. Sufficient comments on idealisation (Boundaries, Spec., Features, )
In order to permit the generation of a half-aircraft model from the full aircraft model, no elements must bridge across the aircraft vertical plane-of-symmetry. Also all the DOF on the plane of symmetry must be independent.
Continued
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C yyy zzz (*) C xxx C xxx C x yyy zzz (*) C xx xxx (*)(**)
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Notes: (*) Including Flaps, Slats, Tracks, Ailerons, Winglets, etc. (**) Including Nose, Centre, and Main Landing Gears. Only those cards identified within the following list should be used within the model data deck: PARAM cards which are required to be used/included: PARAM AUTOSPC NO (PARAM,AUTOSPC,YES is now the default, and changing the PARAM to NO has no effect on the end result. Where the "Grid Point Singularity Table", listed in the F06 output dataset, shows a value of 0., this singularity should be removed by an appropriate SPC card. Any such SPC's should be grouped separately, with a unique set ID(s), from boundary SPC's, and SPCADD should be used to combine sets for analysis.) PARAM PARAM PARAM PARAM BAILOUT GRDPNT WTMASS SNORM 0 0 1.E-3 (if model is in N and mm and mass in kg) (must only be used with system default value)
Continued
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The following are Bulk Data cards that should only be used with care and/or after consultation with all other parties: RBE1 RBE2 RBE3 RBAR RROD The RSPLINE element should be avoided, and mesh changes incorporated using CQUAD4 & CTRIA3 where necessary. MPC SPC should not to be used. (Recommended) should only be used to suppress rotational DOFs with no stiffness or to fully suppress DOF of reference nodes. All the translation DOF's have to have stiffness enough (except reference grids). It is forbidden to use field 8 of GRID card to define "permanent single point constraint". Where continuation cards are required, the NASTRAN default continuation, which does not require continuation labels, should be used at all times. Under NO circumstances should any non-linear elements be included in the Bulk Data. Notes: (*) Any linear element not included in categories a) to h) can be used subject to approval. (**) To be used with care.
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Agreed interface Geometry. Agreed Meshing standard and Idealisation philosophy Agreed Grid and Element data numbering. Compatible Element types at the boundary. Agreed displacement co-ordinate system. Agreed that DOF at both sides of interface must be compatible.
Interface Grid points must be shared using the same co-ordinate systems, and the same element types must be used at the boundary in order to provide continuous stiffness paths across the interface. Each interface definition must be agreed between all parties at the very early phases of each project. Two optional types of interface are shown, the first shares information on a common basis, and in this case all parties must agree on the ownership of the individual data items: see Fig. 4-1. This is the recommended form of interface model. The second (see Fig. 4-2) shows an interface using duplicated data, i.e. the geometry of points 1470220 and 6199020 will be identical, and elements 10470119 and 61000021 will overlay each other. In this case the sum of the property data for these elements must agree with the total stiffness of the actual structure. As with the simpler joint shown above, the ownership of the bridging elements joining the components together, and the type of elements to be used will need to be agreed; but each component is structurally independent, and interface loads may be recovered at the joint. This interface method should only be used in exceptional circumstances. In order to perform the model assembly more easily, it is recommended to include each different interface in a separate file.
Continued
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Rear Fuselage to Vertical Tailplane Rear Fuselage to Horizontal Tailplane Rear Fuselage to Centre Fuselage Centre Fuselage to Wing Centre Fuselage to Centre Landing Gear(s) Centre Fuselage to Front Fuselage Front Fuselage to Nose Landing Gear Front Fuselage to Cockpit Wing to Main Landing Gear Wing to Engine Pylon Wing to Moving Surfaces e.g. Flaps, Slats, Ailerons, etc. Any other identifiable interface (subject to workshare)
For any other Aircraft, an equivalent list of interfaces should be considered. For Dynamic Analysis, if required, the A-set information for the component should be supplied. This definition must be agreed between all parties.
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B. Mass model QA: The mass model should be verified by producing XY ~ XZ plots using scaled mass points. Additionally the normal modes check defined in the attached table should also be carried out using a mass case that includes payload, fuel, and both structural and systems masses (M1 or M2). Notes: M1 = artificial mass case to test every mass and RBE3 connections.
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C. The following verification checks will be required to be undertaken with the model using CONMx cards: C.1. Normal modes analysis with mass model (using CONMx cards): The normal modes should be calculated for M1 or M2 mass conditions: see table 5-1. Items 4 and 5. C.2. Normal modes analysis with mass model (using CONMx cards) in A-set: The normal modes should be calculated for a M2 mass status, using the A-set for the conditions () specified: see table 5-1 Item 6. Normal modes assessment tests are defined as follows:
CHECK 1 Test Masses Densities in MATx cards Densities in MATx cards Densities in MATx cards Method Lanczos Lanczos Lanczos Frequencies [ -1, 1] [ 0, 1] [ 1, ] 15 first modes Boundary Conditions free/free with actuators 8 (Kact ~ 10 N/m) free/free without actuators free/free with actuators Target 6 and only 6 rigid body modes (RBM) 6 rigid body modes plus 0 Hz rotations local or unrealistic modes detection
2 3
free/free
()
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Notes: Where MSC.Nastran DMAP Alters have been used in any of the QA checks, this Alter should be declared and agreed between all parties. The highest frequencies for Rigid Body Modes, Checks 1 and 2, should be as close to 0.0 as possible, but should not be greater than 1/100 of the magnitude of the lowest predicted flight mechanics frequency for first flexible mode. Values below 0.01 Hz are desirable; any values above this level must be discussed between all parties. D. Information to be supplied with component models (when distributing): D.1. Statement by an authorised person that the component model conforms to the specification AM2036, and that ALL checks required by the specification have been completed. D.2. NASTRAN .F06 (using ECHO=SORTED and PARAM,PRTMAXMIN,YES) listing for SOL 101 giving the following information:
OLOAD summary table. MAX. DISPLACEMENTS table. SPCFORCES table. .F06 (using ECHO=SORTED, PARAM,PRTMAXMIN,YES and
D.3. NASTRAN
SPCFORCE=ALL) listing for SOL 103 giving the following information: Output of the WEIGHT POINT GENERATOR. The value of the first 9 eigenvalues. NASTRAN job submission file (with the "includes") PARAM cards necessary for the execution Data of the interface with other components. ASET definition. Mass RBEs and CONMx data (SOL 103 only). All the files containing the NASTRAN Bulk Data.
Continued
D.4. The following model files for each SOL (101 and 103):
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E. Complete documentation shall be supplied for each component model. The following items of documentation shall be included: E.1. A statement identifying the engineering standard/design status used in the preparation of the model. E.2. Overall plots of relevant parts, especially for the interface areas. E.3. Descriptions of the model Bulk Data deck to enable users to easily identify the data and definition of the rules to decode the numbering sequence used for the GRID and element numbering. E.4. The interface grid points complete with co-ordinate frame, and the boundary element characteristics for each interface relevant to the component. Where relevant this interface document should also include an actuator installation sketch. E.5. Verification that the model geometry checks identified in A.1. have been performed correctly. E.6. A brief description of the static test load cases used to verify the model. E.7. A diagram or other description of the support conditions and a summary of the generated reaction forces from the static test cases. E.8. Results from the static test load cases in the form of the OLOAD, Maximum Displacements and SPCFORCEs resultant tables. E.9. The maximum Von Mises stresses generated by the "ZERO STRESS" thermoelastic test. E.10. The rigid body modes, frequencies and mode shapes (plots), plus control surface modes generated from the normal modes tests (items 1 and 2 in table 5-1). E.11. Tabulated frequencies for flexible normal modes, plus plots of first three flexible modes (item 3 in table 5-1). These modes should also be identified. E.12. The energy matrix from the rigid body test (items 3, 4, 5 and 6 in the table 5-1). E.13. Tabulated frequencies and flexible modes displacement plots for all DOFs involved in RBE3 mass connections (Item 5 in table 5-1). E.14. A list of all supplied filenames. E.15. EI and GJ curves and other specific information (for pylons, Centre Section, etc.) may be supplied as optional extras. E.16. MSC.Nastran version and computer description, including Operating System level. The distributed masses used as part of the tests should also be supplied for use in the verification of the assembled model only. This data should not be used for any other purpose.
Continued
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F. The following forms have to be completed and attached to the full documentation of the FEM:
FORM 1: "REFERENCES": In this form a FEM overall description is included: e.g. configuration, geometry/property/material references, drawings (if exists), document of dimensioning or whichever good reference that identify correctly the model.
FORM 2: "FILES RECORD": Describe each one of the datasets that define the model and the different runs used in FORM 4. Because the main use of this form is to verify the right transmission of the full component FEM, this form has to be sent at the same time as the model.
FORM 3: "MODEL CHECK LIST": Describe all the geometry checks performed on the model. As well as indicating if the checks have been performed, give details of any problems that may have been found, along with maximum/minimum values where appropriate. Where necessary append plots for clarity (e.g. co-ordinate systems).
FORM 4: "ANALYSIS CHECK LIST": Describe mainly the results of static and Rigid Body checks. FORM 5: "ANALYSIS CHECK LIST": NORMAL MODES": Describe all the checks performed with the model using density in the MATx cards. FORM 6: "ANALYSIS CHECK LIST: DYNAMIC NORMAL MODES": Includes the results of all the dynamic checks performed with the model using CONM2 cards.
FORM 7: "ANALYSIS CHECK LIST: THERMO-ELASTIC STRESS": Includes the results of the "ZERO STRESS" test.
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()
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Mass Data
All parties shall provide the locations and the connection system for mass points for their component(s), for masses subdivided into separate distributions, e.g. Structures, Systems, etc. Based on this information, the responsible team shall supply mass data for appropriate configurations, and shall distribute this data to all other parties. Mass data will be supplied for the complete aircraft, in kg, m and s using CONM2 cards. Prior to delivery mass quality assurance checks shall be undertaken including density plots for the XY~XZ plane. If the model is to be used for optimisation, it may be necessary for the component supplier to provide mass distributions for their components equivalent to the mass of the FEM generated by the density parameter on the material cards. This distribution will be required to be subtracted from the Fixed Structure mass distribution.
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Dynamic Model
The team responsible for the assembly of the complete aircraft model shall transform the model from N and mm to N and m, without any other modification, maintaining the Bulk Data deck in its original sequence and also maintaining the same data formats: see table 8-1. The aeroelastic calculation shall use both the half-aircraft and the full-aircraft models to properly represent the effects of the non-symmetrical considerations. The responsible team will then prepare a symmetric half-aircraft model, left side, for the specific needs of the Aeroelastics and Loads departments. These aircraft models shall be distributed via a suitable electronic data transfer link. In addition to the model bulk data, files containing the correct boundary constraint data for the half model, for both symmetric and anti-symmetric boundary conditions, shall also be supplied. These models shall form the basis of any dynamic investigations that may be required. For the half-aircraft model, mass connection elements shall be taken from those supplied for the complete aircraft model, with suitable modifications to allow for the splitting of the model. Mass linkage to structure: Mass should be assigned to single "non structural points" (GRIDs), linked to the structure using RBE3 elements connected to a set of "local hard structural points". Where A-set (*) is to be used there are two possibilities: a) The A-set should include part of the "local hard points". Therefore, the "non structural mass points" should be the DEPENDENT nodes on the RBE3. b) The A-set should include part of the "non structural mass points". Therefore, these points should be the INDEPENDENT nodes on the RBE3 and unique for all loading conditions. Complete model N and mm N and m Stress Aeroelastic Table 8-1 - Usage of FEMs Loads and Aeroelastic Half model
(*)
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Update Procedure
For each complete model, a record of each component model shall be maintained by the party responsible for the complete model assembly. This record to include the issue number and the preparation date of the component. Where relevant changes have been made to any component, a new complete model will be assembled, verified, documented and distributed via a suitable electronic data transfer link to all parties as defined elsewhere in this specification. The following numbering system (in capital letters) will be used for identification of the complete assembled models and for formal referencing. a/c model/engine version/design standard/model issue/model type/model size Where:
Model type:
Model size:
For example: A3XX100/01/08/01/D/C Represents the first issue of a complete aircraft model of the A3XX-100 at Status 8, with engine option 1. The model is for Dynamics usage and will therefore be in N and m. Where configuration or other studies are undertaken using parts or all of one of these models, these will be considered as independent activities, and will not be recorded as part of this numbering.
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APPENDIX A Forms
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF FEM PROJECT:
REFERENCES
PART COMPONENT: ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION: Finite Element Model general description: A/C COMPONENT: VERSION: PAGE:
Geometry
Meshing
Properties
Materials
Signature
Date
Continued
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FILES RECORD
PART COMPONENT ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION: COMPUTER DATASET/FILE NAME DATE OF CREATION A/C COMPONENT: VERSION: PAGE:
COMMENTS/DESCRIPTION
Signature
Date
Continued
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GRIDs
1-D
2-D
SPRINGs
RIGID BODYs
CHECK LIST Coincident Nodes Coincident Elements Free Edges/Free Faces Element Warping Element Twist Interior Angles Distortion of Elements Connectivity Bending Planes (BAR&BEAMs) Offsets (all elements) Positive normal (QUAD4/TRIA3) Element Co-ordinate System Material Co-ordinate System Co-ordinate Systems Rigid Elements, MPCs Computer Max. Diagonal Factor If YES COMMENTS:
SIGNATURE
MSC.Nastran Version
Signature
Date
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Load Balance Checks Applied Reaction (SPCs) Difference (%) Maximum Displa GRID Value Epsilon COMMENTS:
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MY
MZ
TX
TY
TZ
RX
RY
RZ
External Work
Signature
Date
Continued
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BOUNDARY CONDITIONS DESCRIPTION: (text, figure or references) Check 1 Mass Reference Mass Standard Value Mass Output from GPWG Mode Plots & Frequency List Check 1 (Densities in MATx) [-1,1] free/free with actuators
Check 2
Check 3
Signature
Date
Continued
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BOUNDARY CONDITIONS DESCRIPTION: (text, figure or references) Check 4 Mass Reference Mass Standard Value Mass Output from GPWG Mode Plots & Frequency List Check 4 (M1) (Masses in CONMx) [-1,1] free/free with actuators
Check 5
Check 6
Frequency [Hz] Check 5 (M2) (Masses in CONMx) [0,] free/free with actuators
Signature
Date
Continued
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Load Balance Checks Applied Reaction (SPCs) Difference (%) Maximum Stress ELEMENT Value Epsilon COMMENTS:
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MY
MZ
TX
TY
TZ
RX
RY
RZ
External Work
Signature
Date
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APPENDIX B General Explanations and Guidelines, continued 3 Finite Element Model Definition
In order to properly define the Finite Element Model, it is necessary to determine how the model is going to be organised.
How many components will the main assembly be divided into? Where will the boundaries between these various components be? Who will be responsible for:
Each sub-component? Each sub-assembly of these sub-components? The final assembly of the overall model?
It is the responsibility of the Chief Engineers organisation to ensure that these questions are addressed and suitable actions agreed. This would be best undertaken by a formal meeting between all parties at which these and other related general issues should be addressed. In principle, most of those definitions, where variations are permitted by AM2036, should be agreed at this meeting. It must be recognised that regular meetings between analysts involved in this modelling and analysis activity are essential to ensure correct compliance with these rules. Therefore this initial meeting should be considered as the launch meeting for this task.
3.1
FE Model Content
The list included in the body of AM2036 is a generic list, the contents can be modified by specific requirements of each project and must be agreed at the launch meeting. Also the desired model forms should be agreed i.e., full aircraft, half aircraft etc. Only model configurations actually required should be prepared.
3.2
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APPENDIX B General Explanations and Guidelines, continued 5 Quality Assurance of Components and Documentation
Each of the following checks must be performed in order to ensure the model being assessed will be suitable for use and will provide an easy assembly. A method for performing each of the checks is presented. These are proposals for each check, but the analyst may use any suitable method providing they satisfactorily perform the required tests.
5.1
Geometry Checks
In order to fully validate model elemental geometric relationships it is "necessary" to use both MSC.Patran and MSC.Nastran in two distinct phases. These two phases are not independent, but complement each other, and it is recommended that the checks using MSC.Patran are performed first followed by checks using MSC.Nastran. When all the checks in this section have been performed, Form 3 (for geometry checks) must be completed. Before any specific data checks are performed, the MSC.Nastran bulk data deck should be read into MSC.Patran in order to identify any errors in element connectivity, numbering and entity duplication. At this stage plots for the complete structure can be prepared for later use in the documentation. These plots also form part of the data checks, as they will illustrate fundamental misalignments between groups of nodes and elements.
5.1.1
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Fig. App B.5.1.1.4.1 - QUAD4 element co-ordinate system in MSC.Patran 5.1.1.5 Element Distortions The command "Finite Element/Verify" is used to check for element distortions. This command measures the deviation between the actual element and the ideal one. The worst element distortions, according to the MSC.Patran criteria, must be located outside the zones with large stress concentration or high stress gradient. Two parameters are checked separately: 1) Aspect Ratio (TRIA3 & QUAD4) The Aspect Ratio is calculated according to figure App B.5.1.1.5.1 for TRIA3 (ideal element is the equilateral triangle) and figure App B.5.1.1.5.2 for QUAD4 (ideal element is the square or the diamond). Aspect ratios smaller than 5 are recommended and always must be smaller than 10. The use of any elements with aspect ratio higher than 10 must be justified.
Continued
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Fig. App B.5.1.1.5.2 - Aspect Ratio for QUAD4 element in MSC.Patran 2) Taper (QUAD4) The taper is calculated according to figure App B.5.1.1.5.3 (ideal element is the rectangle, taper = 1). Taper recommended values are between 0.8 and 1.
Continued
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Fig. App B.5.1.1.5.3 - Taper for QUAD4 element in MSC.Patran 5.1.1.6 Element Warping The command "Finite Element/Verify/QUAD/Warp" is used to check the element warping. This command measures the angle of deviation with respect to the element plane. Warping angle is calculated according to figure App B.5.1.1.6.1. Theta = arcsin (h/l) Warping angles smaller than 10 degrees are recommended.
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Fig. App B.5.1.2.2 QUAD4 element Taper Ratio in MSC.Nastran In order to perform the analysis check with MSC.Nastran V70.5 it is necessary to select the following PARAM values: a) PARAM,CHECKOUT,YES To check the model geometry and the matrix consistency, and to produce the load resultant for the applied loads, in the origin of basic co-ordinate system (default). If you need the load resultant relative to a different point use the following parameter. b) PARAM,GRPNT,G0 This defines the node about which to calculate the load resultant, the reactions, the mass and inertia, etc. If you do not use this parameter the default value is the origin of basic co-ordinate system. c) PARAM,PRTMAXIM,YES To show the maximum displacements, maximum spcforces, maximum applied load and maximum mpcforces for each load case in basic co-ordinate system. This printing is automatic in V68 and V69 when you ask for displacement, spcforces in the "Case Control" but not in V70.5. The MSC.Nastran execution shows also if there are RBEs not correctly defined or are quasi singular.
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5.3
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5.4
Loads
It must be confirmed that all loads applied to the model are applied in the correct directions, have the correct magnitudes, and are at the correct nodal locations. The following specific items must be taken into account:
The total applied load in all 6 DOFs with respect to the reference point. This point is by default the origin of the basic co-ordinate system. The loading distributions along the component main dimension for shear load, bending moment, and torque moment derived using MSC.Nastran internal loads.
The comparison between applied and theoretical load distributions from MSC.Nastran, at each load monitoring station, e.g. ribs or frame stations. The reaction resultant is equal and opposite of the applied load resultant. This output is printed automatically in solutions such as SOL 101.
These checks will be included in a technical report and referenced on Form 4. When it is necessary to introduce new nodes for loading introduction, it is recommended that they are included by using an RBE3. This RBE3 is defined as follows: The new node must be the "REFERENCE GRID" for the RBE3 with either a) 6 dependant degrees-of-freedom, or b) 6 independent degrees-of-freedom as shown on page 19. In the case of b), the independent DOFs must be taken from structural GRIDs and must be selected to define completely the rigid body motion of reference point.
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When the mass or the C.G. is inconsistent, the following tasks must be performed:
Verify the mass units. Check the density values in MATi cards. Adjust the mass of model to the actual mass with the parameter PARAM, WTMASS, FACT in order to obtain the correct order of magnitude in the eigenvalue calculation. See example in tables App B.5.1 - 3.
1.2. Verify the lists of eigenvalues, checking there are exactly 6 rigid body modes. The frequency must be lower than 0.01 Hz. If not, perform the following tasks:
When there are less than 6 modes, or the frequencies are higher than 0.01 Hz, it indicates that the structure is over-constrained. The "SPCFORCES" listing must be checked in detail in a static run, SOL 101, to verify which degrees of freedom are the reason of the problem and eliminate the incorrect constraints. The problem may also be due to ELAS elements with no coincident nodes.
Modes from 0.01 to 0.1 Hz may be acceptable in very complicated structures and when only rotational modes are affected. This must be agreed by all affected parties.
1.3. Verify the "Grid Point Singularity Table" and confirm that the translation constraints TX; TY, TZ are at the correct nodes and DOFs.
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5.6
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APPENDIX B General Explanations and Guidelines, continued 6 Complete Model Assembly, Quality Assurance and Documentation
In addition to those items identified in chapter 6 of the main body of the document concerning the documentation that will accompany the complete model, a complete copy of the validation forms 1 to 6 must also be included.
Mass Data
The masses of the F.E. model will be checked using PARAM, GRDPNT, GID where GID is the reference node identification. This card activates the GRID POINT WEIGHT GENERATOR module, which will calculate the masses and the moment of inertia with respect to the defined reference point. To obtain these results it is obviously necessary to include the density parameter in the MATi material cards or alternatively the actual mass distribution with concentrate mass cards, CONM2. When the actual mass distribution is supplied using CONM2 cards, all density parameters on material cards must be zero or blank without exception. NB: If GID = 0, the reference point is the origin of the basic co-ordinate system.
Dynamic Model
Only one official dynamic model must exist, the only difference between the dynamic model and the stress model must be the units, m for dynamic and mm for stress. There must be no other differences.
Update Procedure
Any revision to component models which must then be included in revised assemblies, or revisions to existing assemblies, will require the new assembly to be reissued under the update procedure defined in the main document, Section 9.0.
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REFERENCES
PART COMPONENT ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION: Finite Element Model general description: < Analyst should provide a simple description of the FE model, if necessary outlining the function to which it is being put > A/C COMPONENT: VERSION: PAGE:
Reference Coordinate System (FEM Component related to DBD) < A definition of the geometric axis system used for the model data, and the relationship of this system to that given within the relevant DBD. Include a reference for the source of data used. >
Geometry < Reference to a report or other form of data source, e.g. a CADs database or list of drawing references, used to define the geometry data used within the model. If necessary append a separate list to the end of this report and refer to the list here. > Meshing < Reference to a report or other form of data source used to define the standard of meshing density used within the model. >
Properties < Reference to a report or other form of data source used to define the standard of idealisation used within the model. If necessary append a separate list to the end of this report and refer to the list here. >
Materials < Reference to a report or other form of data source used to define the materials used within the model, and the data values assigned to them. If necessary append a separate list to the end of this report and refer to the list here. > Name (Dept.) Compiled by: Approved by: Signature Date
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REFERENCES
PART COMPONENT: A/C COMPONENT: HTP HTP ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION: VERSION: A320EHTPG5 02 Finite Element Model general description: General model of half A320 HTP, including torque box, elevator and leading edge. The used elements are ROD, TRIA3, QUAD4, ELAS2, RBE1 and RBE3 (for EI and GJ calculations). DOF = 5586 (symmetric cases)/5563 (antisymmetric cases) (Kll) More information in NT-D-ADS-01003, chapter 1. PAGE: 1
Reference Coordinate System (FEM Component related to DBD) System 0, global aircraft axes. All the grids, except for the elevator, are referred to this system. Other auxiliar systems are used to provide the correct directions for constrains, loads or material properties. More information in NT-D-ADS-01003, chapter 3. Geometry No changes affect geometry. Meshing MSC/PATRAN V9.0
Properties Only torsion box properties have been modified, according to ATL sizing. More information in NT-D-ADS-01003, chapter 6. Materials GR V Z19.775 HERCULES 8552/AS4 TH0 0.18 mm Tape has been used for the torsion box, since ATL manufacturing process is going to be used. Properties calculation has been made using ANCOLAB V3.0. Name (Dept.) Compiled by: Approved by: Signature Date
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FILES RECORD
PART COMPONENT ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION: COMPUTER DATASET/FILE NAME DATE OF CREATION A/C COMPONENT: VERSION: PAGE:
COMMENTS/DESCRIPTION
Enter list of ALL associated computer files for this model and the validation activity. Include BULK DATA, submission macros, test loading and results. In particular those files that form the deliverable to Airbus should be clearly marked and perhaps grouped together for convenience. Where files are stored in a common directory, give the directory path name at the top of the table.
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FILES RECORD
PART COMPONENT: HTP ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION: A320EHTPG5 COMPUTER DATASET/FILE DATE OF NAME CREATION a320new_hbo_updated_e.dat a320new_ele.dat a320new_hle.dat a320new_fit.dat a320new_act.dat a320new_spc.dat a320gr_dup_new.dat fem0_6_e_2.dat a320m1.dat a320m2.dat a320m3.dat 19-03-01 16-01-01 16-01-01 16-01-01 16-01-01 16-01-01 16-01-01 01-02-01 13-02-01 13-02-01 13-02-01 A/C COMPONENT: HTP VERSION: 02 COMMENTS/DESCRIPTION Torsion Box Bulk DATA (right hand side) Right Elevator Bulk DATA Right Leading Edge Bulk DATA Fittings Bulk DATA Actuators Bulk DATA SPCs to avoid singularities Duplicated grids in appropriated axes for a-set Half HTP Static Model with load test case. Half HTP Static Model: (Run 1). Half HTP Static Model: (Run 2). Half HTP Static Model: (Run 3). PAGE: 2
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LOAD CASE DESCRIPTION: < Describe the load case being used for model testing. >
Load Balance Checks Applied Reaction (SPCs) Difference (%) Maximum Displa GRID Value Epsilon COMMENTS:
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MY
MZ
TX
TY
TZ
RX
RY
RZ
External Work
< From the analysis of the test load case described above, complete the above table. >
< Complete one of these pages for EACH static test load case used. >
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Load Balance Checks Applied Reaction (SPCs) Difference (%) Maximum Displa GRID Value Epsilon COMMENTS:
FX FY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 --TX TY 12106 14010 -6.05E+00 3.19E+01 -3.383E-10
FZ MX -1.01E+05 -1.13E+08 1.01E+05 1.13E+08 0.0 0.0 TZ RX 30085 21058 -2.77E+02 -2.28E-01 External Work
MY MZ -5.67E+07 -5.05E+05 5.67E+07 5.05E+05 0.0 0.0 RY RZ 1038 1038 2.96E-01 -2.48E+00 5.218E+06
OLOAD RES and SPCFOR RES values for Fx and Fy are roughly zero, so percentage difference between them is not significant. In rotations there are some great values, because NASTRAN plate elements do not have stiffness in the normal direction of the plate, but these singularities do not have any influence in the model performances.
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BOUNDARY CONDITIONS DESCRIPTION: < Describe the model constraints. If necessary refer to (text, figure or references) an appended diagram/plot. > Check 1 Check 2 Check 3 Mass Reference Mass Standard Value Mass Output from GPWG Mode Plots & Frequency List Frequency [Hz] Check 1 Check 2 Check 3 (Densities in MATx) (Densities in MATx) (Densities in MATx) [-1,1] [0,1] [1,] free/free with actuators free/free without actuators Mode No: free/free with actuators 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Comments: < From the normal modes analysis, complete the table. Only entries in the UNSHADED areas will be used for the assessment. > < NB. This sheet requires a DYNAMIC acceptance signature in addition to the normal approval. >
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BOUNDARY CONDITIONS DESCRIPTION: < Describe the model constraints. If necessary refer to (text, figure or references) an appended diagram/plot. > Check 4 Check 5 Check 6 Mass Reference Mass Standard Value Mass Output from GPWG Mode Plots & Frequency List Frequency [Hz] Check 4 (M1) Check 5 (M2) Check 6 (M2) (Masses in CONMx) (Masses in CONMx) (Masses in CONMx) [-1,1] [0,] [0,] free/free with actuators Mode No: free/free with actuators free/free with actuators 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Comments: < From the normal modes analysis, complete the table. Only entries in the UNSHADED areas will be used for the assessment. > < NB. This sheet requires a DYNAMIC acceptance signature in addition to the normal approval. >
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Load Balance Checks Applied Reaction (SPCs) Difference (%) Maximum Stress ELEMENT Value Epsilon COMMENTS:
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MY
MZ
TX
TY
TZ
RX
RY
RZ
External Work
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APPENDIX C 1 Introduction
A Finite Element Model, used to analyse the mechanical forces and constraints coming from thermal expansion, must satisfy the usual validity criteria for mechanical FEM (See the previous pages of this manual). The most important aspects are: zero frequency rigid vibration modes, loads-constraints balance , limited displacements verifying the linear hypothesis, etc. In addition to these criteria, a FEM has to satisfy a supplementary zero stress check, which then validates the use of thermo-elastic loads. The zero stress check requires zero mechanical stresses over the entire structure with uniform expansion of the structure, uniform CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) and arbitrary temperature loading
i,i
i,j
(i#j)
coupling coefficients are set to zero. To satisfy this "Zero Stress" check, a mechanically validated model must be modified, according to the following rules: Elements:
No Restriction The offsets of shear axis must not modify the distance between the 2 nodes of the beam (vectors W1 and W2) The offsets of neutral axis (BEAM) have no influence. If the offsets ZOFFS or Z0 are used, the parameter SNORM must be set to 0.5 instead of 20. (Due to Nastran limitations) A warped QUAD results in a non-zero stress (Nastran limitation) but is generally acceptable (under the accuracy level) No Restriction.
Continued
TRIA-QUAD:
TETRA-HEXA:
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APPENDIX C, continued
GENEL-DMIG:
Generally non valid Elements for a thermo-elastic analysis (except under circumstances where their inclusion does not modify the displacements in another part of the model)
CELAS:
CELAS between two coincident nodes: No Restriction CELAS of non zero length not valid: see GENEL-DMIG above.
D.O.F RELATIONS:
RBE2:
RBE2 between two coincident nodes for 6dof: No Restriction Otherwise: see GENEL If the slave node has no associated rigidity (Mass or Load introduction node): No Restriction Otherwise: see GENEL-DMIG If the slave node is a barycenter of two master nodes with coefficients in the same ratio as the distances (Menu Airbus in Patran): No Restriction. Otherwise: see GENEL-DMIG
RBE3:
MPC:
Within the Nastran input deck, the reference temperature is set to a constant value for all materials. The parameter TEMP (INIT) = 20 and TEMP (LOAD) = 2 are inserted in the Case Control Section and similarly TEMPD, 20, 20 and TEMPD, 2, 120 into the Bulk Data Section. (The indicated values are set to perform a uniform T = 100C). Upon completion of the modifications, the whole model is run using Nastran. Applying the TEMP(INIT) parameter is preferred over the use of TREF in the MATi and the PCOMP, because it reduces the modifications to the Nastran input deck. (Within Nastran, TEMP (INIT) prevails over TREF) Setting in the Case Control parameter ESE=ALL allows the user to view the element stresses and identify those which fail to satisfy the Zero Stress criteria (values exceeding 1 Mpa).
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Reference documents
AP2000 AP2080 MSC.Nastran Procedural Documentation Handling and Writing Airbus Reference Language Main Documentation (Definitions for BAR, ROD etc.)
Glossary
See AP2080 - Airbus Reference Language Main Assembly A number of parts, subassemblies or any combination thereof joined together to perform a specific function and which can be disassembled without destruction of designed use. Component Any self-contained part, combination of parts, subassemblies or units, which perform a distinctive function necessary to the operation of a system. Computer See ISO 2382/1-1984 Data See ISO 2382/1-1984 File See ISO 2382/1-1984 Input(Data) Quality Assurance See ISO 2382/1-1984 All those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy given needs. The act of confirming that a specific requirement has been meet.
Validation
Approval
This document has been approved by: (signatures or proof of agreement are archived together with the master document)
Function/Organization Structure Coc - Global F.E. Analysis - ESAE Flight Physics Coc-Loads & Aeroelasticity - EGL
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Record of revisions
Issue A B C D E Date Mar 1998 Jan 1999 Feb 2001 Dec 2002 May 2004 Summary and reasons for changes Initial issue. Including forms. Revision. Revised to reflect new Airbus organisation. Inclusion of appendix B. Revised to reflect the thermal checks (Chapter 5, appendix A, appendix B and appendix C).
If you have a query concerning the implementation or updating of this document, please contact the Owner on page 1 or the following:
Company/Department ESAET - Global FE Analysis ESAEU - Global FE Analysis IESSM - Global FE Analysis ESAEG - Global FE Analysis
For general queries or information contact: Airbus Documentation Office, Address: Airbus - 31707 Blagnac CEDEX - France e-mail: airbus.documentation-office@airbus.com
This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.
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