ATPDesigner

Design and Simulation of Electrical Power Networks

Getting Started with ATPDesigner

V 2.0

Homepage: www.atpdesigner.de Support: atpdesigner@aol.com

Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

23.01.2007

1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 2.1 2.2 3

GETTING STARTED IN SIMULATING ELECTRICAL POWER NETWORKS ATPDESIGNER VISION OF A GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE ATPDESIGNER DEVELOPPED FOR EXISTING AND FUTURE WINDOWS OS ATPDESIGNER AND ATP - A POWERFUL TEAM FOR POWER ENGINEERING FILES AND FILE EXTENSIONS ERROR STATISTICS OF THE .LST-FILE ATPDESIGNER MULTIPLE VIEWS FOR POWER NETWORKS AND DIAGRAMS TOOLBAR FOR DIAGRAMS NETWORK ELEMENTS DESIGN OF THE ELECTRICAL POWER NETWORK

4 4 5 5 7 8 10 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 21 22 23 24 27 28 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

3.1 CREATING A NEW POWER NETWORK 3.1.1 NODES, NODE NAMES AND SNAP-POINTS 3.1.2 DELETE ALL NETWORK ELEMENTS OF A POWER NETWORK 3.1.3 ADDING, DELETING, MOVING, ROTATING, NETWORK ELEMENTS 3.1.4 SELECT ONE OR MORE NETWORK ELEMENT 3.1.5 ROTATING A NETWORK ELEMENT 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4 HOW TO DELETE THE ELEMENTS OF THE DEFAULT POWER NETWORK ? LIST OF NETWORK ELEMENTS CHANGING THE SETTINGS OF NETWORK ELEMENTS .NET-FILE CONTAINER OF THE POWER NETWORK INTEGRATED FILE BROWSER PROGRAM SETTINGS USING ATP TO CALCULATE VOLTAGES, CURRENTS, ENERGY,

4.1 STARTING TO SIMULATE POWER NETWORKS 4.2 PROCESSING .PL4- OR COMTRADE-FILE TO CREATE DIAGRAMS 4.3 OPEN A .PL4-FILE TO CREATE A DIAGRAM 4.3.1 MOST EASY WAY TO CREATE A DIAGRAM USING TOOLBAR BUTTONS 4.4 CREATING A PROBE BASED DIAGRAM 4.5 SIGNAL ANALYSIS METHODS 4.5.1 4.6 4.7 4.8 5 6 7 DIAGRAM SETTINGS DFT (F) - AMOUNT AND PHASE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY HARMONICS PRESENTING THE HARMONIC FREQUENCIES IN ADDITION SPECTRUM FREQUENCY SPECTRUM PRESENTED AS A BAR DIAGRAM LIBRARY OF NETWORK ELEMENTS ATPDESIGNER - WEB SERVICES SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS RESULTS Page 2 of 41 Pages

Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10

WHY STATIONARY NETWORK ANALYSIS DOESNT CONTAIN TRANSIENT PHENOMENA ? RESULTS OF THE STATIONARY NETWORK ANALYSIS HOW TO START THE SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS ? MOVING THE SHORT CIRCUIT RESULTS TOOLTIPS TO OTHER POSITIONS SAVING THE CURRENT POSITION AND SIZE OF THE SHORT CIRCUIT RESULTS TOOLTIPS RESTORING THE POSITION AND SIZE OF THE SHORT CIRCUIT RESULTS TOOLTIPS UPDATE RECALCULATING THE SHORT CIRCUIT RESULTS RESIZING THE DIALOG SHORT CIRCUIT RESULTS CONTENT OF THE SHORT CIRCUIT RESULTS TOOLTIPS PROBES DEFINITION PROTECTION ELEMENTS AND NOMINAL VOLTAGES

34 34 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 40

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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1 Getting Started in Simulating Electrical Power Networks

ATPDesigner is a Control Center for the Interactive Design and the Simulation of Electrical Power Networks. ATPDesigner is not a network simulation program, but can be used as a graphical pre-processor to the ATP (Alternative Transients Program) version of the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP). ATPDesigner is approved to operate on Windows XP, Windows 2000 and Windows NT. The operation under Windows 9x can be not guaranteed. In addition ATPDesigner provides also the user analysing short-circuits, faults, disturbances, etc. in electrical power networks. ATPDesigner provides the user to design electrical power networks, to create a graphical view of the power network (single-phase diagram), to manage the settings of the equipment of the power network, to create diagrams of voltages and currents, to analyse voltages and currents using signal analysis methods, to calculate the frequency spectrum of voltages and currents, to read, write and process COMTRADE files, to test protection relays, to create libraries of network elements and to do a lot of things more in the field of power engineering. ATPDesigner also provides data interfaces to other simulation tools e.g. Simplorer or NEPLAN.

1.1 ATPDesigner Vision of a Graphical User Interface

Without any doubt the ATP is one of the best or maybe the best CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) tool in the world to study the transient phenomena of electrical power networks. But also without any doubt the ATP is difficult to use.

Figure 1: ATPDesigner Graphical User Interface to the ATP

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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ATP users need a lot of experience to work with ATP. Therefore some years ago the vision was born to design and develop a graphical user interface to the ATP for Windows operating systems, which shall make it possible to use the ATP with a minimum of ATP specific knowledge. Figure 1 shows the graphical user interface of ATPDesigner. It shall be also possible for the students of electrical engineering to use the capabilties of the ATP for their exercises and projects after some days initial training. It shall be especially of interest for students of electrical power engineering Various network elements e.g. overhead lines or transformers are prepared as templates and can be used very easy to design 3-phase and 1-phase power networks. All network elements are defined from the electrical engineering point of view. The knowledge of the geometrical and physical data of the network elements are sufficient to specify the required settings. Internal, only ATP related settings are predefined and invisible for the ATPDesigner user. Neither detailled knowledge in modelling power network elements nor detailled knowledge about the ATP and the ATP rules are required, if ATPDesigner will be used as the graphical user interface. Nevertheless for special purposes it may be of interest to study also the relevant documentation of the ATP Rule Book. The help file of ATPDesigner contains also some extracts of the ATP Rule Book to improve the understanding of the settings, which are required to specify high-sophisticated models of electrical equipment of power networks. ATPDesigner doesnt provide 100% of the capabilities of the ATP. Therefore for special purposes it is also possible to include a hand-maded ATP data case into the ATPDesigner created power network, which will be stored in the .ATP-file.Hand-maded means, thet the user has written this ATP data case outside ATPDesigner e.g. using a text editor but according the rules specified in the ATP Rule Book. The network element External .ATP-File has been forseen to include very easily any hand-maded ATP data case in any ATPDesigner power network.

1.2 ATPDesigner Developped for Existing and Future Windows OS

Following the intuitive design of Windows based software tools to minimise the initial training of the users, ATPDesigner was and will be further developed using C++, classes, threads, background tasks. The use of a high sophisticated development tool guarantees an extremely high stability of the ATPDesigner application software and the continuos evolution of ATPDesigner in the future. ATPDesigner has been and will be further developped using the development tool Microsoft Visual Studio. Therefore ATPDesigner can participate in all future evolutions of the Windows based software world. It can be also expected, that ATPDesigner will operate not only on the existing Windows operating systems but also on all Windows operating systems coming in the future.

1.3 ATPDesigner and ATP - A Powerful Team for Power Engineering

ATPDesigner is not a network simulation system, but only a graphical user interface with a lot of features to provide the user to simulate and analyse the stationary and transient behaviour of electrical power networks. The simulation of electrical power networks requires the ATP in addition to ATPDesigner. The ATP (Alternative Transients Program) version of the ATP-EMTP is the world-wide mostly used universal program for digital simulation of electromagnetic transients in power systems has extensive modelling capabilities. The network simulation system ATP is designed and will be further developed to simulate single- and multi-phase electrical power networks. ATP is very well prepared to calculate voltages and currents of 3-phase electrical power networks. It can be used to simulate high-frequency transient phenomena as well as stationary short circuits. In additon ATP supports a lot of network elements, linear and nonlinear impedances and mathematical methods to design a model of the electrical power network.

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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Figure 2 shows the interaction between ATPDesigner and the ATP and ATPDesigner and the rest of the software world. ATPDesigner exchanges all relevant data to the ATP and to other software tools using text files and binary files. The different file types can be easily identified, because the file name of each of these file types consists of a specific File Extension.

Figure 2: Interaction between ATPDesigner and ATP

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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1.4 Files and File Extensions

.INI The .INI-file contains the Program Settings which are stored independent of the data of the electrical power network. The .INI-file will be automatically saved to the hard disk during the shutdown of ATPDesigner and automatically read during the startup. Please Note: The re-creation of the .INI-file has no influence of the data of the power network which are saved in the corresponding .NET-file. The COMTRADE based Equations are stored in the .INI-file and will be lost if the .INI-file was deleted.

The Program Settings dialog can be opened via the main menu Tools, sub menu Program Settings. .NET The .NET-file contains all data of the electrical power network: electrical, mechanical and graphical data e.g. size and coordinates of all network elements. Bitmaps are also saved in the .NET-files. All other files described below can be generated based on the informations of the .NET-file. Therefore it is only necessary to save the .NET-file. Read also .NET-File Container of the Power Network .ATP The .ATP-file is the ATP input file and contains the control commands for the ATP. The .ATP-file will be created by ATPDesigner based on the information and data stored in the .NET-file. .LST The .LST-file will be generated by ATP and contains a copy of the control commands and additional comments, error messages, etc. In case of any error the .LST-file must be checked for a deeper error analysis. Please read the ATP Rule Book for more information. ATPDesigner reads the .LST-file after the simulation process has been finalised and analyses the warnings and error messages contained in the .LST-file. The result of this analysis will be presented to the user. In addition ATPDesigner displays all error messages created from the ATP during the simulation process in message boxes using the original error message of the ATP.

Figure 3: Error Message of the ATP displayed in a Message Box

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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.PL4 The .PL4-file contains all data which have been calculated during the simulation process: voltages, currents, energy, etc. These data are saved as sampled values. The .PL4-file will be used to create diagrams.

1.5 Error Statistics of the .LST-File

ATPDesigner checks the .LST-file for error mesages, if the network simulation has been finalised. Now ATPDesigner presents first an error statistics before each error message will be displayed. The user can now decide to continue or to cancel. The figure below shows the corresponding message.

Figure 4: Error Statistics of the .LST-File

Total number of errors o Sum of all errors and warnings identified in the .LST-file System Errors o Sum of all You lose fella errors o Critical error which must be corrected Floating Subnetworks Not Connected Branches Tacs Names Not Unique Duplicate Tacs Names o Two network elements are using the same node name of the power network in their 90- or 91-TACS interface. o Critical error which must be corrected

Figure 5: Error Message of Duplicate Tacs Names

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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ATPDesigner also displays additional information:

Figure 6: Additonal Information to the Error Statistics

x isolated network element(s) found Isolated network elements are not connected with any other network element of the power network. x self connected network element(s) found These network elements are connected to themselves e.g. Lines x failed node name(s) found The node names are not according the internal rules x not connected node(s) of network element(s) found Nodes of network elements are not connected but should be connected. x invalid busbar nodes found Nodes of one or more busbars are not according the internal rules x disabled network element(s) found Network elements can be enabled or disabled for the network simulation processed by the ATP. If a network element has been disabled, it will be drawn as part of the network using the Color for Disabled Network Elements, but it will be ignored for the network simulation processed by the ATP.

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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2 ATPDesigner Multiple Views for Power Networks and Diagrams

Figure 7 shows the graphical user interface of ATPDesigner. Main Menu File Edit Power Network ATP Test Network Design Diagrams Tools View Window Help

Main Menu Toolbar

Power Network

Multiple Views Integrated Diagram Viewer

Toolbar and Status Bar

Figure 7: ATPDesigner Multiple Views for Power Networks and Diagrams

A lot of features, which are available in the main menu and the sub menus can be also enabled using the Toolbars or the Right Mouse Button Menu. Some of the toolbar buttons are explained below. File + New : Create a new power network (.NET-file), CTRL + N File + Open : Open an existing power network (.NET-file), CTRL + O File Browser : Open the integrated File Browser Start the network simulation, CTRL + R General settings e.g. sampling rate dt, simulation time T, etc.

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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Flip horizontal Rotate 90 to the right, R Rotate 90 to the left, L

Delete a network element Copy & Paste, CTRL + C & CTRL + V Please note, before using these operations, the network element, which should be manipulated, must be first selected (Select One or More Network Element) Disable or enable a network element F5 If the network element has been disabled, ATPDesigner doesnt consider this network element during the network simulation process. FIND, CTRL + F Open the dialog to present all network elements used in the top most power network, presenting all settings o The data can be copied into any other apllication e.g. WORD via the clipboard. o The data can be also written into a text file to the hard disk.

Figure 8: FIND Presenting all Network Elements and their Settings

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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2.1 Toolbar for Diagrams

Create a diagram to display voltages v(t), currents i(t), etc. or to display X/Y-diagrams e.g. Reactance X = f (Resistance R) Open a dialog to display all signals e.g. voltages and currents stored into the .PL4-file, which will be used to create a diagram Scaling factors for the signals displayed in a diagram Set two graphic cursors for signal analysis purposes (Signal Analysis Results) Open the dialog to display the results of the Signal Analysis Algorithms e.g. the bargraph of the frequency spectrum Vector diagram Settings of the diagram e.g. color, thickness of the pen, etc. Zoom in and zoom out the power network graphics Refresh the diagram and reload the .PL4-file

2.2 Network Elements

Load impedance, shunt impedance 2-winding transformer Grounding system Text frame or Picture (bitmap, JPG., ) 3-phase, symmetrical voltage or current source Probe to measure phase-to-ground voltages and phase currents Circuit-breakers (1-pole and 3-pole) Line (single-circuit line, double-circuit-line) Synchroneous maschine (generator), model of a power plant 1-phase voltage or current source TACS Several mathematical functions e.g. laplace, rms-metering, frequency metering, etc. Rational admittance function Switch External .ATP-File Multi Frequency Source BCTRAN Transformer Saturable Transformer Cable Network Infeed Busbar Connection ATP Sources

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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3 Design of the Electrical Power Network

3.1 Creating a New Power Network
The user should first create a new power network using the New button of the Main Toolbar or using the corresponding menu item New in the main menu File. ATPDesigner creates the default network shown in the figure below. The default power network always consists of several Network Elements: Network Infeed Network 1 Single-Circuit Line Line 1 Circuit Breaker Cb1 with Measuring Location M1 Circuit Breaker Cb2 2 Busbars

Toolbars

Circuit-Breaker

Busbar with 5 SnapPoints

Line Circuit Breaker with Measuring Loacation Network Infeed

Figure 9: Default Power Network

3.1.1

Nodes, Node Names and Snap-Points

The shape of each network element consists of 1, 2 or more snap-points, which are drawn as small squares. Only Snap-points can be used to connect two network elements. Please note, that a snappoint can only connect one other snap-point. But the snap-points will be not only used to define the graphical connection of two different network elements, but also to define the electrical connection. On this point of view a snap-point will be also used as a node of the electrical power network. ATPDesigner creates automatically a node name (read the chapter Node Names in the Electrical Network of the help file) for each 1-phas or 3-phase node of the power network. These node names will be used to define the electrical connection between the nodes of different network elements. Page 13 of 41 Pages

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ATPDesigner writes these node names into the .ATP-file to process the network simulation. The node names consists of maximum 6 characters according the ATP Rule Book. The first character indicates the phase of the 3-phase system: R = phase A, S = phase B, T = phase C. The next 5 characters specifies the unique name of the node: a unique number in the range of 1 up to 9999. Node name of the electrical network: {RST}12345 It can be now stated that ATPDesigner provides electrical power networks with up to 9999 electrical 3-phase nodes. Nevertheless this should be enough for normal networks. It is forseen that the user can define so called fixed node names, which must be defined by the user. These fixed node names are used to replace the ATPDesigner created node names, if the .ATP-file will be written. 3.1.2 Delete all Network Elements of a Power Network

It is possible to delete all network elements, which are part of an electrical power network in one step:

Toolbar button Main menu Edit, menu item Erase All 3.1.3 Adding, Deleting, Moving, Rotating, Network Elements

The user can now add, change, move, rotate, delete, copy & paste, etc. network elements e.g. Network Infeeds, Lines, Circuit-Breakers or auxiliary elements e.g. Text Frames or Pictures. Several network elements e.g. lines, Transformers, etc. are available to design electrical power networks. The network elements can be added via the main menu Network Design or the corresponding buttons in the Network Design Toolbar or the Right Mouse Button Menu. New network elements can be added by the Drag & Drop technology usual for windows programs: First click on the corresponding Toolbar Button. Select the Drawing Direction. Move the frame of the new network element to the target location in the graphics view e.g. a node of an existing network element. If necessary connect one node of the new betwork element to a node of an other network element. Open the settings dialog via a left-mouse-button-double-click on the graphical symbol of the network element (will be done automatically). Change settings in the network element specific settings dialog.

Figure 10: Dialog to Select the Drawing Direction of a New Network Element

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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Figure 10 shows the dialog to select the drawing direction of a new network element. If selected ATPDesigner draws a dotted frame, which can be moved to any location in the graphics view using the mouse. As long as the frame will be moved, a red cross will be displayed at the current mouse to identify not connected snap-points of other network elements. The shape of the red cross will increase, if a not connected snap-point has been detected. 3.1.4 Select One or More Network Element

Network Elements must be first selected, before the user can manipulate the shape of the network element: Move, Delete, Rotate, Copy & Paste, Selecting One Network Element Move the mouse cursor to the network element Press left mouse button The selected network element will be displayed in light gray. Selecting Two and More Network Elements Move the mouse cursor close to the first network element, but not over the network element. Press the "Shift" key. Press the left mouse button as long as necessary to select an other network element and move the mouse cursor to select all network elements of interest. As long as the left mouse button will be pressed, a dotted frame will be drawn. All network elements will be selected, which are located inside the frame. The selected network elements will be displayed in light gray color. 3.1.5 Rotating a Network Element

First the user must select the network element to be rotated. Flip horizontal Rotate 90 to the right, R Rotate 90 to the left, L

3.2 How to Delete the Elements of the Default Power Network ?

ATPDesigner provides two functions to delete network elements:

Delete One Network Element o Select the network element by a Left Mouse Button Click o Move the mouse cursor over the selected network element o Open the Right Mouse Button Menu o Click on the menu item Delete Delete All Network Elements o Open the main menu Edit, click on the menu item Erase All Or o Use the toolbar button

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3.3 List of Network Elements

ATPDesigner supports a lot of different network elements to design and simulate electrical power networks. Some of these network elements correspond directly with ATP models, but some of these network elements are self developed based on fundamental ATP models. Network Infeeds Busbars Single-Circuit Lines Double-Circuit Lines 3-Pole-Circuit Breakers 1-Pole-Circuit Breakers Switch 1-Phase and 3-Phase - Load Impedances Shunt Impedance Transformers BCTRAN Transformer XFORMER Transformer SATURABLE Transformer Component Cable (CABLE PARAMETERS) Autotransformers Generators Connections Serial and Parallel Impedances Textframes Pictures Grounding Systems Static Power Network Sources 3-Phase Symmetrical Source Empirical Function External .ATP-FileSplitter Probe Fault Type and Fault Locations (Up to 3 Fault Locations with 3 Fault Types) Measuring Locations Current and Voltage Transformers Capacitive Voltage Transformers Current Transformer Saturation TACS Data Card TACS STAND ALONE Nonlinear Element e.g. L(i) Multi Frequency Source Harmonic Frequency Source MOV - Metal Oxyd Varistor (ZNO Fitter) Admittance Function Y(s) ot Y(z)

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Getting Started Simulating Electrical Power Networks using ATPDesigner

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3.4 Changing the Settings of Network Elements

The settings of each network element can be displayed and changed using the network element specific Settings Dialog. 1. First the network element must be selected with a Left Mouse Button Click on the graphical symbol of the network element. The selected network element will be now drawn in light gray. 2. The settings dialog, which is specifically designed for the different network elements, can be now opened with a Left Mouse Button Double Click. All these dialogs are explained in the corresponding chapters of the help file. Please read also the How to ... section in the help file. Figure 11 shows the settings dialog of a Network Infeed for example.

Figure 11: Settings Dialog of a Network Infeed

Some buttons are common for all settings dialogs. OK Close dialog and save changed data Cancel Close dialog without saving changed data Default Load the default settings Help Open the corresponding chapter of the help file to read detailled information about the network element and how to use. Links to related chapters of the help file are also available.

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3.5 .NET-File Container of the Power Network

The .NET-file contains all data which are relevant for the electrical power network: Data to describe the graphical representation of all network elements used in the power network. Electrical and mechanical data to define the physical behaviour of all network elements used in the power network. Data of the embedded Pictures e.g. bitmaps or JPG.-files. Data of the tooltips to display the Short Circuit Analysis Results. The name of the .NET-file is displayed in the header of the corresponding client window e.g. C:\ATPDesigner\Data\Network_1.net shown in Figure 9. Backup the .NET-File It is absolutely sufficient to save only the .NET-file. All other files will be only temporarily created and can be recreated using ATPDesigner and the.NET-file.

The data stored in the .NET-file will be secured using a checksum algorithm. The user should not change any data in the .NET-file by hand e.g. using a text editor, because the .NET-file may be corrupted after such modifications. ATPDesigner doesn't accept .NET-files with a corrupted checksum. In this case ATPDesigner presents the error message shown below and reloades a power network with default values. All information contained in the corrupted .NET-file are now lost.

Figure 12: Error Message for Corrupted the .NET-Files (Checksum Error)

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3.6 Integrated File Browser

ATPDesigner provides the user managing the different file types with an integrated File Browser. Nevertheless the standardised and well known features of Windows based software tools e.g. New, Folder of the File List

Explorer

File List

Select an other the Folder Clean the Folder

Figure 13: Intergated File Browser

Open, Save, Save As .., Print, etc. are also available either in the main menu File, using the buttons of the Main Toolbar or the standardised hotkeys. Files can be selected and opened using the Explorer or the file list at the right-side of the dialog. Select a folder, which should be scanned for .NET-, .TXT-, COMTRADE- and .PL4-files. Double-click on the name of the file using the left mouse button. ATPDesigner automatically creates a new view depending on the extension of the double-clicked file: A diagram view for .PL4-files and COMTRADE-files. A power network view for .NET-files.

3.7 Program Settings

Several settings, which are ATPDesigner specific and independent of the data of the electrical power network, will be saved in the .INI-file and not in the .NET-file. The .INI-file will be read automatically during startup. ATPDesigner creates a new .INI-file, if the .INI-file could not be read. The .INI-file will be saved if ATPDesigner will be closed. The content of the .INI-file is explained in detail in the corresponding chapter of the help file. Figure 14 shows the settings dialog.

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Folders Undo Steps

Figure 14: Program Settings Dialog

It is very important to define the right file name of the ATP Exectuable File e.g. TPBIG.EXE. Read more details in the chapter Program Settings of the help file. Read more details in the chapter Content of the .INI-File of the help file.

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4 Using ATP to Calculate Voltages, Currents, Energy,

4.1 Starting to Simulate Power Networks
The network simulation can be easily started only pressing the button or CTRL + R. ATPDesigner writes the ATP based models of the network elements into the .ATP-File and starts ATP in a background task. Now ATP calculates voltages and currents and save these results into two output files. The .LST-File contains a copy of all commands of the .ATP-file, additional comments and error messages written during the runtime of ATP (American EMTP User Group, References) and optionally the results of the so called Steady State Analysis of the electrical power network. The .PL4-File contains the calculated voltages and currents as sampled values e.g. to create diagrams. ATPDesigner reads the sampled values out of the .PL4-file and process these data: to create diagrams to display the time dependent behaviour of the signals, to anaylse the voltages and currents using integrated Signal Analysis Algorithms and to calculate and display the Frequency Spectrum of voltages and currents.

Please note, that COMTRADE files can be also used to create diagrams and to analyse voltages and currents.

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4.2 Processing .PL4- or COMTRADE-File to Create Diagrams

.PL4-files or COMTRADE-files can be displayed using an external diagram viewer e.g. PlotXY, which is part of the ATP installation setup or using the integrated Diagram Viewer of ATPDesigner. The external diagram viewer can be started via the button or in parallel to ATPDesigner as a parallel task. The .PL4-file can be also automatically converted to the COMTRADE standard IEC 60255-24 and presented using any external COMTRADE viewer. The integrated diagram viewer will be automatically started, if a .PL4-file or a COMTRADE-file had been loaded e.g. via a double-click on the file name in the File Browser .

Figure 15: File Browser in ATPDesigner

Please note, that the external .PL4-viewer can be defined in the Program Settings Dialog, setting Diagram Viewer.

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4.3 Open a .PL4-File to Create a Diagram

The .PL4-file can be also opened via the Right Mouse Button Menu, which will be displayed, if the right button of the mouse has been clicked and the mouse cursor is not located over the shape of a network element.

Figure 16: Right Mouse Button Menu

Figure 17: Dialog to Select the Signals to Be Displayed in a Diagram

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If the power network is displayed in the topmost view of ATPDesigner, click the right mouse button and select the menu item Open Diagram (.PL4-File) ... The .PL4-file which corresponds to the topmost power network will be loaded and first the Dialog to Select the Signals to be Displayed in a Diagram will be presented. After selecting voltages and/or currents the diagram will be automatically created in a new view. A more faster way to create the diagram which corresponds to the topmost power network: Select the power network view which is of interest If required restart the network simulation process Click on the toolbar button

Figure 18: Toolbar for Diagrams

ATPDesigner knows the name of the .NET-file of the topmost power network and therefore knows also the name of the corresponding .PL4-file, which must be used to create the diagram. Figure 17 shows the dialog which displays all available signals calculated by the ATP during the simulation process and stored into the .PL4-file. The list box at the left side of the dialog displays all available signals, the list box at the right side all selected signals to be displayed in the diagram. Please note, that the maximum number of signals to be displayed is limited. How to Select a Signal to be Displayed in a Diagram ? Click on the name of the signal of the left-side ist box with a Left Mouse Button Click Click on the Button

How to Deselect a Signal ? Click on the name of the signal of the right-side ist box with a Left Mouse Button Click Click on the Button

4.3.1

Most easy way to create a Diagram using Toolbar Buttons

Diagrams can be also easily created only using the toolbar buttons of the Diagram Toolbar.

Step 1: Press the button topmost .NET-file. in the Toolbar for Diagrams to open the .PL4-file, which corresponds to the

Please note, that the view of the power network must be enabled as topmost view to enable this toolbar button. To enable the view of the power network, please move the mouse cursor in the view which displays the power network of interest and click on the view using the left mouse button.

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Step 2: The dialog shown in Figure 17 will be now displayed. Select the node names of the signals which shall be displayed in the diagram. Please note, that signals displayed in the list boxes can be selected as usual for Windows based software tools (Shift Left + Cursor or Strg + Cursor). Step 3: After the Ok button has been clicked, the diagram will be drawn. TACS - MODELS - c: v: MACHx Output signal of the TACS section of the ATP Output signal of the MODELS section of the ATP Output signal is a current Output signal is a voltage Output signal of a machine (e.g. S.M. 59 model)

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The figure below shows as an example the graphics of the power network and the corresponding diagram craeted by the internal diagram viewer. The diagram shows the currents of the three phases A, B and C, which occur in case of a single-phase to ground fault AG.

Figure 19: Power Network and Diagram

ATPDesigner provides the user with several context sensitive Right Mouse Button Menus depending on the type the topmost view (e.g. power network or diagram) and depending on the position of the mouse cursor (e.g. located "over" a network element or not).

Figure 20: Right Mouse Button Menu for Diagrams

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4.4 Creating a Probe based Diagram

Probes can be used to measure voltages and currents in the power network at several nodes. If the user is only interested to analyse voltages and/or currents measured by one specific Probe, the corresponding diagram can be easily created: Select the Probe, whose voltages and/or currents are of interest by a left mouse button click How to select a network element ? A network element can be selected with a left mouse button click. If the network element has been selected, it will be drawn in light grey color. Move the cursor over the Probe Click on the right mouse button Select the menu item Probe Select one of the menu items in the sub menu

After that the user can select one or more of the displayed voltages and currents. The diagram will be automatically displayed.

Figure 21: Creating a Probe based Diagram using the Right Mouse Button Menu

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4.5 Signal Analysis Methods

ATPDesigner provides also the analysis of voltages and currents which are stored as sampled values in the .PL4-file or COMTRADE-file. The signal analysis methods are based on the Discrete Fourier Transformation, which is used to calculate the frequency spectrum of voltages and currents. The figures below show some examples.

4.5.1

Diagram Settings

The settings of the signal analysis can be changed in the settings dialog Diagram Settings.

Figure 22: Diagram Settings

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4.6 DFT (f) - Amount and Phase of the Fundamental Frequency

The amount and phase angle of the fundamental frequency of all voltages and currents, which are displayed in the diagram, will be shown in a spread sheet (Figure 23).

Figure 23: Dialog to Display Amount and Phase Shift of the Fundamental Frequency

Node Name Name of the signal to be displayed Amount Amount of the signal in V, A, etc. Phase Angle [] Phase angle of the singnal in degree Phase Diff. [] Phase shift of the signal related to the signal displayed in the first line of the spread sheet (= No. 1) Phase Diff. of Node N = Phase Angle of Signale No. N - Phase Angle of Signal No. 1 Real Real part of the vector calculated using DFT Imag Imaginary part of the vector calculated using DFT Copy Copy the analysis results into the clipboard The different cell data will be separated using the Cell Separ. character or a tabulator. Both alternatives can be selected as explained below. On Top If enabled, the window is the Top Most Window on the desktop

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RMS If enabled, all values will be calculated and displayed as R.M.S. values. If disabled, all values will be calculated and displayed as PEAK values. * Sqrt (3) The calculated values will be multiplied by factor sqrt (3). This option can be used to calculate the corresponding nominal voltage, if phase-to-ground voltages has been measured. Tab Tabulator + Blank will be selected as cell separation Character The character displayed into the edit field below will be used as cell separation

4.7 Harmonics Presenting the Harmonic Frequencies in Addition

The frequency spectrum can be calculated only for one signal, which must be first selected: Click on the line of the spread sheet, which contains the signal of interest.

Figure 24: Selecting One of the Signals to Calculate the Frequency Spectrum

Now, the tab Harmonics must be selected. Figure 25 shows the result. Depending on the sampling rate used for the network simulation process, more or less frequencies will be displayed.

Figure 25: Frequency Spectrum as a Spread Sheet

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In the column % of the spread sheet the amount of the fundamental frequency will be always displayed with the value 100%. The amount of all other freqencies will be displayed also in %, but in relation to the amount of the fundamental frequency. In the example shown in Figure 25: Fundamental frequency 50Hz DC component 2. Harmonic = 100Hz 3. Harmonic = 150Hz 4. Harmonic = 200Hz etc. 100% 53.723% 5.442% 3.707% 2.864%

4.8 Spectrum Frequency Spectrum Presented as a Bar Diagram

The frequency spectrum can be also shown as a bar diagram in the tab Spectrum. Figure 26 shows an example.

Figure 26: Frequency Spectrum drawn as a Bar Diagram

The maximum frequency of the frequency spectrum depends on the sampling frequency used during the simulation process. ATPDesigner automatically presents the minimum and maximum frequency in the both combo boxes at the right-side of the dialog. Both settings can be changed by the user. ATPDesigner will redraw automatically the frequency spectrum.

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5 Library of Network Elements

ATPDesigner provides the user to manage his specific network elements using a Library of Network Elements. The user can transfer network elements to and from the library via the clipboard. Therefore the user must only use the Copy & Paste functions to work with a library. This can be done using the well known menu items, right mouse button menus, hot keys, toolbar buttons, etc. The libraries can be easily saved to and loaded from e.g. a hard disk. The data are secured with a checksum. Therefore the library may be corrupted modifying the data by hand. A corrupted library can not be further used and not repaired. ATPDesigner uses a tree control to present the content of the library. The first tree level presents the name of the network element class e.g. Load Impedance, Network Infeed, etc. The network elements are presented in the second tree level using the user specific name of the network element.

Figure 27: Library of Network Elements Displayed in a Tree

Copy a network element from the library to the power network graphics: Drag & Drop 1. Select the network element in the tree control of the library by a LEFT MOUSE BUTTON CLICK. 2. Move the mouse cursor "over" the name of the network element to be moved. 3. Press the LEFT MOUSE BUTTON down. 4. Keep the LEFT MOUSE BUTTON DOWN and "move" the network element to any position in the power network graphics. 5. Release the left mouse button.

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Copy a network element from the power network to the library: CTRL+C & CTRL+V 1. Select the network element in the power network graphics by a LEFT MOUSE BUTTON CLICK. 2. Press CTRL+C to copy the network element into the clipboard. 3. Enable the dialog of the library by a LEFT MOUSE BUTTON CLICK on the dialog of the library. 4. Press CTRL+V to insert the network element into the tree control of the library. Read more in the chapter Library of Network Elements of the help file.

6 ATPDesigner - Web Services

ATPDesigner Home Page: www.atpdesigner.de

Download ATPDesigner Evaluation Release Download Beta Releases for Trial Download several PDF's e.g. Applications, etc. Download interesting .NET Files Download Version History Information about the compatibility to the ATP executable files Information about pricing and pucrchasing atpdesigner@aol.com

ATPDesigner E-Mail Support:

ATPDesigner provides directly the use of the web services: Main menu Help Menu item Web Services

Figure 28: Menu Item to Open the Web Service Dialog

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7 Short Circuit Analysis Results

The network simulation program ATP is also able to process a stationary analysis of the power network, which doesnt consider any transient phenomena during the simulation process. Transient phenomena will only occur, if at least one network element changes its state during the simulation process e.g. a cuircuit-breaker will open or close or a network disturbance will occur. The use of nonlinear network elements e.g. a transformer with a magnetisation characteristic will not produce transient phenomena during a stationary network analysis. The results of the stationary network analysis are called ATP Steady State Analysis in the ATP Rule Book.

7.1 Why Stationary Network Analysis Doesnt Contain Transient Phenomena ?

For a stationary network analysis it will be assumed, that all voltage and current sources are represented by sinusoidal waveforms only described by the amount e.g. in V or A and the phase shift e.g. in degrees. Amount and phase shift are fixed during the stationary network analysis. In addition the state of the power network and all other network elements will be also not changed. Network elements with a non-linear characteristic e.g. transformer, current-transformer (ct), etc. will be also simulated as a linear network element using R, L and C. Circuit-breakers must keep open or closed, but will not change their state. It is possible to take into account network disturbances e.g. the Faults of Line 1..3 during a stationary network analysis. In this case it will be assumed, that the network disturbance is still existing and remains existing during the network calculation. ATPDesigner provides the user by all features, which are required to process a stationary network analysis: The open/close state of the circuit breaker will be taken into account. The open/close states of the curcuit-breakers, which are relevant for the stationary network analysis, are always displayed in the power network graphics. All network disturbances especially the Faults of Line 1..3 (Faults and Fault Types) will be taken into account.

The stationary network analysis is particularly of interest to calculate the short-circuit currents and voltages after a short-circuit has been occurred in the power network. Therefore the stationary network analysis (= ATPs Steady State Analysis) will be called Short Circuit Analysis in ATPDesigner.

7.2 Results of the Stationary Network Analysis

During the Steady State Analysis (ATPs name of the stationary network analysis) ATP also calculates the time dependent signals of voltages and currents and saves these signals into the corresponding .PL4-file. Nevertheless these signals are in general not really of interest, because they will display only stationary, sinusoidal waveforms without any transient phenomena. The results of the ATP Steady State Analysis will be automatically saved by ATP in a section of the .LST-file. ATPDesigner reads automatically the .LST-file after the simulation process has been succesfully finalised, identifies the results of ATPs Steady State Anaylsis and displays these results in a spread sheet of the dialog Short Circuit Results. Figure 29 shows this dialog. ATPDesigner tries to identify voltages and currents, which are assigned to any of the network elements of the power network. If ATPDesigner is not able to identify clearly these voltages or currents, no signal will be displayed in the corresponding lines of the spread sheet.

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Figure 29: Dialog to Display the Short Circuit Analysis Results

The results of the Short Circuit Analysis can be also displayed in the power network graphics pressing the F4 button.

Figure 30: Displaying the Short Circuit Analysis Results in Tooltips

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7.3 How to Start the Short Circuit Analysis ?

The Short Circuit Analysis can be started by several methods: CTRL + E Pressing the button of the Main Toolbar Using the menu item Short Circuit Results in the main menu ATP Using the menu item Short Circuit Results in the Right Mouse Button Menu (if the mouse cursor is not over a shape of a network element)

ATPDesigner automatically opens the dialog containing the results as shown in Figure 29.

7.4 Moving the Short Circuit Results Tooltips to Other Positions

ATPDesigner displays the results of the Short Circuit Analysis using Yellow Tooltips. If required the tooltips can be moved to any other position in the view. An graphical overlapping of the tooltips can be avoided. Move the mouse cursor over the yellow tooltip Press the Left Mouse Button and hold it down Move the mouse cursor to an other position (a frame will be drawn during this operation) Release the mouse button (the new position of the tooltip will be saved now)

Figure 31: Yellow Tooltips Displaying the Short Circuit Analysis Results

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7.5 Saving the Current Position and Size of the Short Circuit Results Tooltips
The current position of the tooltips will be saved into the .NET-file, if the tooltips are displayed in the network graphics and the Save or Save As .. function has been used.

7.6 Restoring the Position and Size of the Short Circuit Results Tooltips
ATPDesigner automatically enables the Short Circuit Analysis function after a .NET-file has been succesfully loaded, if the data of Short Circuit Results Tooltips are identified in this .NET-file. Figure 32 shows an example. The tooltips doesnt show any result, because the Short Circuit Analysis wasnt yet processed. Please note, that only the position and size of the tooltips are saved in the .NET-file, not the results of the Short Circuit Analysis.

Figure 32: Short Circuit Results Tooltips After Loading the .NET-File

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To display the Short Circuit Results, the Short Circuit Analysis must be processed e.g. pressing CTRL + E or the toolbar button .

Figure 33: Short Circuit Results Tooltips after pressing CTRL + E

7.7 Update Recalculating the Short Circuit Results

If the power network has been modified, the Short Circuit Analysis must be restarted to Update the results. Press the button Update of the dialog Short Circuit Results displayed in Figure 29.

7.8 Resizing the Dialog Short Circuit Results

The dialog Short Circuit Results can be easily resized using the grip in the bottom left corner. If it is sufficient for the user to use only the Short Circuit Results Tooltips, the dialog Short Circuit Results can be resized to the smallest size.

Figure 34: Resizing the Dialog Short Circuit Results

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Please note, that the position and the size of this dialog will be stored into the registry during the shutdown of ATPDesigner if visible. The dialog will appear using at the same position and with the same size, if the dialog Short Circuit Results will be reopened.

7.9 Content of the Short Circuit Results Tooltips

Figure 35 shows the zoomed content of a Short Circuit Results Tooltip.

Figure 35: Content of the Short Circuit Results Tooltip

Phase-to-ground voltage VAG in Vrms, absolute phase shift in degree, p.u.-value in % of the nominal value Phase-to-ground voltage VBG in Vrms, absolute phase shift in degree, p.u.-value in % of the nominal value Phase-to-ground voltage VCG in Vrms, absolute phase shift in degree, p.u.-value in % of the nominal value Phase current IA in Arms, absolute phase shift in degree, [relative phase shift in relation to the corresponding phase-to-ground voltage in degree], p.u.-value in % of the nominal value Phase current IB in Arms, absolute phase shift in degree, [relative phase shift in relation to the corresponding phase-to-ground voltage in degree], p.u.-value in % of the nominal value Phase current IC in Arms, absolute phase shift in degree, [relative phase shift in relation to the corresponding phase-to-ground voltage in degree], p.u.-value in % of the nominal value Relative phase shift PHIrel = (Absolute phase shift of the phase current) - (Absolute phase shift of the phase-to-ground voltage) Apparent power S in MVA Active power P in MW, reactive power Q in Mvar

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The power factors will be calculated considering unbalanced loads: S = | VA | * | IA | + | VB | * | IB | + | VC | * | IC | P = | VA | * | IA | * cos (PHIrel) + | VB | * | IB | * cos (PHIrel) + | VC | * | IC | * cos (PHIrel) Q = | VA | * | IA | * sin (-1 x PHIrel) + | VB | * | IB | * sin (-1 x PHIrel) + | VC | * | IC | * sin (-1 x PHIrel)

7.10 Probes Definition Protection Elements and Nominal Voltages

Voltages and Currents can be measured independent of the Measuring Locations of Circuit-Breakers Cb1..5 using a Probe. The user can change several settings of the network element Probe via a network element specific dialog displayed below. The Probe can be used as a 3-phase probe to measure voltages and/or currents in all 3 phases in parallel or as a phase-selective probe.

Figure 36: Settings Dialog of a Probe

The Nominal Values of voltages, currents, etc. can be defined by the user. These nominals values will be used to calculate the p.u. - value of the voltages, currents, etc. measured at the measuring location of the probe. The p.u.-values will be displayed in the Short Circuit Analysis Results Tooltips. Vn Nominal voltage at the measuring location In Nominal current at the measuring location

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Please note, that the p.u.-values will be only displayed for Probes, NOT for the Measuring Locations of the Circuit Breakers Cb1..5. Probes can be also used to compare the phase-to-ground voltages and the phase currents with several thresholds. In addition time delays can be also used. In sum probes can be used to "simulate" simple Protection Elements. I> Threshold of the phase overcurrent TI> Time delay of the phase overcurrent V> Threshold of the phase overvoltage V< Threshold of the phase undervoltage

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