MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

EMG 2208 MECHANICS OF MACHINES: ASSIGNMENT SEPTEMBER 2012 By Dr. Charles M.M. Ondieki Q1. a) Derive an expression for the ratio of times taken in forward and return stroke for a crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanism. b) In a crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanism, the distance between the fixed centres is 260 mm and the length of the driving crank is 130 mm. Find the inclination of the slotted bar with the vertical in the extreme position and the time ratio of cutting stroke to the return stroke. If the length of the slotted bar is 480 mm, find the length of the stroke if the line of stroke passes through the extreme positions of the free end of the lever. c) Define a structure and state its differences from a machine. Q2. a) Derive as an expression of the effort to be applied on a body to move it up on a rough inclined plane when: (i) Effort applied is horizontal (ii) Effort applied is parallel to the plane. b) Derive an equation for the efficiency of the inclined plane. Q3. Derive an expression for the effort, P, required to pull a load up a rough inclined plane. The angle between the line of action of P and the inclined plane is , and the angle of inclination is . Determine the value of this effort if the load to be pulled is 600Kg, = 20 0, = 150, and the coefficient of friction between the load and plane, = 0.13. Q4. Write short notes on the following: a) Mechanics b) Dynamics c) Kinematic link, d) Kinematic pair, e) Kinematic chain, f) Inversion, g) Mechanical linkage, Q5. In Fig. Q5, the angular velocity of the crank OA is 500 rpm. The dimensions of various links are: OA = 56 mm; AB = 88 mm; BC = 98 mm; and BD = 92 mm. The centre distance between the centres of rotation O and C is 130 mm. The path of travel of the slider is 20 mm below the fixed point C. The slider moves along a horizontal path and OC is vertical. With the configuration shown determine: a) the linear velocity and acceleration of the slider D and b) The angular velocity and acceleration of the link BD.

Fig. Q5. Q6. a) Explain briefly the differences between simple, compound, and epicyclic gear trains. b) What are the special advantages of epicyclic gear trains? c) What are the various types of the torques in an epicyclic gear train ? Q7. a) State what you understand by degrees of freedom of a mechanism; describe the criterion used to determine the degrees of freedom of such a mechanism and use it to determine the mobility of the mechanisms shown below then classify them.

Q8. What is the difference between Grublers criterion and Kutzbach equation for Plane Mechanisms. Give five examples to show how Kutzbach equation is used to classify a mechanism. Q9. A screw jack is used to raise a load of 10 tonnes. The pitch of single start square threads used for the screw is 30 mm. The mean diameter is 90 mm. Determine: a) The force to be applied at the end of a 1.4 m long handle when the load is lifted with constant velocity and rotates with the spindle. Take =0.21. bi) The mechanical efficiency of the screw jack. Q10. a) Derive an expression for the inertia force (F) on the piston due to the engine reciprocating masses (R) in
terms of crank radius (r), connecting rod length (l), and crank angle (). b) The crank-pin circle radius of a horizontal engine is 300mm. The mass of the reciprocating parts is 240 kg. When the crank has traveled 60 from I.D.C., the difference between the driving and the back pressures is

450KN/m2. The connecting rod length between centres is 1250mm and the cylinder bore is 450mm. If the engine runs at 250 r.p.m. and if the effect of piston rod diameter is neglected, calculate: i) side thrust on the cylinder, ii) Thrust in the connecting rod, iii) Tangential force on the crank-pin, and iv) Turning moment on the crank shaft.

Q11. An epicyclic gear train for an electric motor is shown in Fig. Q11. The wheel S has 20 teeth and is fixed to the motor shaft rotating at 1500 rpm. The planet P has 40 teeth, gears with fixed annulus A and rotates on a spindle carried by an arm which is fixed to the output shaft. The planet P also gears with the sun wheel S. Find the speed of the output shaft. If the motor is transmitting 3 kW, find the torque required to fix the annulus A.

Fig. Q11 Q12. For the four-bar mechanism shown in Figure Q5, if AB = 20mm, BC = 90mm, CD = 75mm and AD = 90mm, determine the maximum and minimum: i) toggle angles ii) transmission angles

Fig. Q5. Four-bar Mechanism Q13. a) State Grashof s law for a four bar mechanism. Why is this law important in designing the mechanism? b) Define link and show by means of sketches the different types of links. Q14. Derive an expression for the magnitude and direction of coriolis component of acceleration. Q15. a) Write brief notes on the various classifications of kinematic pairs. b) Give two expressions that relate the number of links and number of pairs in a mechanism. With the aid of sketches give four examples to show the use of the expressions given. 3

Q16. a) Explain the term kinematic link. Give the classification of kinematic link. b) What is a machine ? Define a structure. Giving example, differentiate between a machine and a structure. c) Write notes on complete and incomplete constraints in lower and higher pairs, illustrating your answer with neat sketches. d) Explain different kinds of kinematic pairs giving example for each one of them. Q17. The crank of a slider crank mechanism rotates clockwise at a constant speed of 300 r.p.m. The crank is 150 mm and the connecting rod is 600 mm long. Determine : a) Linear velocity and acceleration of the midpoint of the connecting rod, and b) angular velocity and angular acceleration of the connecting rod, at a crank angle of 45 from inner dead centre position. Q18. a) Explain what you understand by instantaneous centre. b) Give the formula for the number of instantaneous centres for any mechanism. c) With aid of a sketch show the number of instantaneous centres for a four-bar mechanism and classify them. d) State and prove the Aronhold Kennedys Theorem of three instantaneous centres. Q19. The dimensions and configuration of the four bar mechanism, shown in the figure below, are as follows : P1A = 300 mm; P2B = 360 mm; AB = 360 mm, and P1P2 = 600 mm. The angle AP1P2 = 60. The crank P1A has an angular velocity of 10 rad/s and an angular acceleration of 30 rad/s2, both clockwise. Determine the angular velocities and angular accelerations of P2B, and AB and the velocity and acceleration of the joint B.

Q20. The driving crank AB of the quick-return mechanism, as shown in the figure below, revolves at a uniform speed of 200 r.p.m. Find the velocity and acceleration of the tool-box R, in the position shown, when the crank makes an angle of 60 with the vertical line of centres PA. What is the acceleration of sliding of the block at B along the slotted lever PQ ?