IP ADDRESS

What is IP Address? IP Address is a numerical Label or Name for each system, which is used to participate in network and communication to the systems over a network. Overview: IP addressing is contributed by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), in 1981 IPV4 was standardized in ARPANET RFCs. IANA is one of the departments under ICANN and it is responsible for IP Allocation in world wide. IANA stand for (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) it also manages Autonomous System number allocation, root zone management in the DNS. Characteristics of IP address: IP Address should be unique number (there is no duplication address in the single network). Now we are in IPV 4 (Internet Protocols version 4) it is 32 bit addressing. Now days we are migrating to IPV 6 (Internet Protocols version 6) it is 128bit addressing. IPV 4: As define above, IPV 4 is 32 bit addressing these bit are divided into 4 segments, each segment has 8 Bits. In IPV4 has limited number of address i.e., 2^ 32 (4294967296) are possible and they are unique address, IPV4 reserved some address for some special purpose Private IP and Multicast address Basically IP addresses are in binary numbers, we convert to the decimal number for our understanding. Eg: 172.16.10.2 (8bit.8bit.8bit.8bit) 10101100 . 00010000 . 00001010 . 00000010

Private IP: The Private IP address is used to overcome the lack of IP address. The Computers in LAN Network communicate with the use of TCP/IP and there is no need to use the global unique IP address (Public IP). There are three ranges of IPV 4 addresses for private networks. E.g.: In a company campus we communicate with pc using LAN no need to connect to internet connection so we using only the private IP no needed to use global IP address. Ranges 1st 2nd 3rd IP Address Class: In IPV 4 there are 5 different classes A, B, C, D and E. In this class we using only A, B, C, the D and E class used for the some research purpose. Class Name A B C Range 1 to 126 128 to 191 192 to 223 Common Bits 1st Bit 1st 2 Bits 1st 3 Bits Bit Value 0 10 110 Start IP 1.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 192.0.0.0 End IP 126..255.255.255 191.255.255.255 223.255.255.255 Start IP 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 192.168.0.0 End IP 10.255.255.255 172.31.255.255 192.168.255.255

Note: Class D using for Multicast and Class E using for Reserved.

IPV6: IPv6 is developed by IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force). It is the Successor of IPv4 which is most communally used for Internet communication as of 2012. The major need of IPv6 is deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 running out of addresses. Ipv6 using 128 bit addresses, allowing for 2^128 addresses. IPv6 has 8 segments each segments has 4 hexadecimal digits (16 Bits) and it was separated by colon: E.g.: 2001:1db5:4e00:FFF0:4582:9763:8159:8888