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To teach a back line to defend will take 3-4 months.To develop a player it takes years. Prof. Vincenzo Vergine ACF Fiorentina
Training Organization field looks very green (cones, bibs, balls and goals) Didactic Focus on the exercises believes the more complex the better the training) Coach No critics to a player (very little intervention on teaching) Player Training - Lack of focus, few demands, go thru the motion,
Trainings:
How and why do we train: Track your trainings through out the season Players must have an idea of what it is you want to improve briefly explain Use testing to monitor players improvement Training should have focused intensity with new exercises High intensity with familiar exercise Coaches should be actively involved the entire session no hanging out, talking on cell phones or with fellow coaches
In each training you need: Many repetitions (which requires planning, limited standing in line, plenty of equipment) Correct coaching at their level, at right moment Pleasure, fun, energy, enthusiasm, intensity Scoring should be part of the training at appropriate moment and exercise
Equipment:
40 - 50 cones Coordination equipment hoops, hurdles, different balls, Ladders 8 poles (Optional) A ball per player 2 colors of bibs (3 if possible) A watch/whistle A pump
Notes:
PSYCHO-MOTOR
Basic Motor Schemes Postural Schemes Senso-Perceptive Capacity Pre-Acrobatic Combine & Couple Movements Spacial-Temporal Orientation Differentiate Reaction Balance Adaptation & Transformation Rhythm Anticipation Motor Imagination Strength Power Speed Resistance Proprioception Articular Mobility Juggle Passing & Receiving Guiding (running) the ball Long Passes Shooting Dribbling (1v.1) Heading Fake Tackle Individual Tactic Group Tactic Team Tactic
COORDINATION CAPACITY
TECHNICAL-TACTICAL ABILITIES
Training Model
Technical: Theme Session (ex. Passing & Receiving, or Combo of two Technical Abilities) NOTE: Physical must have a progression in to Technical
Mental
(Personality, Discipline, Coachable, etc.)
Technical
Game
Tactical
(Individual, Group, Team)
Technical-Tactical Abilties
Technical
Team Tactical
Individual Tactical
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U16-17
U20
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I U10 U11
Walking Running
U12 U13
U14 U15 / / / / / / /
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Jumping Throw - Kick Catch - Grab Roll - Crawl Climb Flex Bend
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Adduct - Abduct(spread legs) Roll Hurl extend with speed To lead around 360 arms legs) Kinesthetic Channels
PRE
- ACROBATICA ACROBATIC
Kids dont play at the park or on the street anymore; % of obesity is dramatic; Motor activities in school is more more desappearing;
Sport activity practiced by children of age between 6 and 12 years old, needs to be preparatory for the Real Sport with main focus to a proper formation of the individual body scheme IMMEDIATE KNOWLEDGE OF OUR OWN BODY IN STATIC OR DYNAMIC SITUATION & IN RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND U.S.
BMS
Walking, running, rolling, jumping, throwing, climbing, crawling
PRE-STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS
Skeletal, articular, neurological, respiratory, ligament
PRE-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Perception S/T, balance, muscle contorol, postural control, general & segmental coordination.....
13
Master
Walking Running Jumping Crawling Rolling Balancing Sliding Hanging Climbing Swinging Launching Aiming Gripping Dodging Striking
Reuse
Combine
Use
Vary
Cartwheel
Cartwheel (feet spread)
15
COORDINATION ABILITIES
Combine & Couple Movements Spatial-Temporal Orientation Differentiate Reaction Balance Adaptation & Transformation Rhythm Anticipation Motor Imagination
U10 U11
Combination Couple Movements Orientation S/T Differentiation Reaction
U12 U13
U14 U15
U16 U17
U20
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Ability to combine and couple movements: allows one to connect cyclic and acyclic movements such as running with the jump to head the ball, running with the shot on goal, running with the cross, etc.. It therefore represents a crucial capacity for soccer player who continually need to combine and coordinate movements and actions. Spatial-temporal orientation ability: allows one to constantly identify its position in the field and the position of other participants and perceive their traveling times of teammates, opponents and the ball. This ability participates actively in the structuring of the peripheral vision that allows the control of game development, using, in this case, the optical receptors. Ability to differentiate: all major receptors, such as optical, acoustic, dynamic and static-kinesthetic, participate in the structuring of this ability. It allows the dosage of the intensity of muscular effort as needed. For a player it is essential to have a good ability to differentiate, since it is crucial in the control and management of the ball and all the technical skills. Reaction capacity: allows one to respond to visual, audio and tactile stimuli allowing the player to start an action or change one already under way in the shortest. This is particularly important in all movements of reaction to a fake move by the opponent and all the unforeseen events; therefore it assumes great importance especially for the role of the goalkeeper. Ability to balance: allows one to maintain or regain static and/or dynamic balance in all situations of the game. The most important receptors that contribute to its optimal development are kinesthetic, static-dynamic and optical, but labyrinth reflexes play a key role. With good balance, the player can quickly come back into play after a fall, and above all keep better control of the body during acrobatic actions.
Capacity of adaptation and transformation: Allows for change of a movement already started replacing it with one considered more effective; it becomes essential, therefore, every time you change the point of reference. Its highest expression takes place during the actions of dribbling, the sudden recovery of the goalkeeper and in all those situations where a technical movement is quickly replaced with a more beneficial one. This situation can be easily seen when an immediate decision by the player is made to shoot on goal after the sudden perception that the goalkeeper is out of position.
Rhythmic ability: For a long time it was considered unimportant in soccer on the grounds that this is a sport typically acyclic with actions, movements and rhythms that are often improvised. Due to the study of athletic performance, this premise has been reevaluated; the analysis of all cyclical actions, as the run without the ball, showed the rhythmic muscle contraction and decontrazione. Knowledge of this physiological rhythm allows the provision to raise performance and "economize" the movements. Many situations, typical of soccer, require a sudden change of pace with rapid accelerations and decelerations. This demonstrates the important role that this capacity assumes in the training of the player.
Ability to anticipate: It is a process that, based on previous experiences and activation of cognitive functions, allows to predict the development of an action and to program subsequent actions and responses. During the game the player must be able to, according to a probability calculation, predict the initiation, development and conclusion of a motor action or a play. To intuit events and situations allows for preparation in advance of effective motor responses. For the striker to score, they have to predict the place where the ball falls, the bounce and/or the rebound to anticipate the defender and put themselves in a position to shoot. The midfielder has to understand the development of the action to find themselves open (unmarked) and receive the ball. The defender has to understand the intentions of the ball carrier to intercept the opponent's pass with an anticipative play or to retreat to cover the space in front of the goal. The ability to anticipate is based on the knowledge and previous memorized experiences and can be developed through the refinement of perception and their continuous development. The player must be educated to optimally use the visual field in order to interpret the situations of the game selecting the relevant information and discarding unnecessary ones, and especially learning to recognize the "predictive signals, namely those that allow you to predict the development of an action. The goalkeeper, in front of a striker about to take a penalty kick, can intuit the trajectory of the shot by reading the predictive signs, i.e. the run towards the ball, the direction of the look, the angle of the body, the posture of the whole body and legs. The perception of the signals is directly related to memory, because there is a continuous comparison between the information received and those previously stored. Due to the quantity and quality of the experience contained in memory it will be possible to select and/or anticipate the motor patterns to be made in relation to the goals wanting to be achieved. The quality of the response is an indicator of the player's tactical skill.
Motor imagination Is the ability to use ones own movement, cognitive and expressive resources in an original and creative way, to solve the technical and tactical difficulties in order to use the individuals potential, spaces and objects outside of the stereotypes and rigid imitation. One can say that this is the result of all coordinative abilities possessed by the player, who express themselves through an intellectual divergence. Faced with mobility issues situations, the player who has motorical imagination, will find the most appropriate solution, developing individual strategies that result in the ability to activate multiple cognitive functions, such as: - Flow: capacity to produce many ideas in a short time period and knowing how to translate them into motor action - Flexibility: ability to change the categories to which the ideas or movements belong to - Original association pattern: ability to generate rare ideas and movements Among the various positions in the game of soccer, one of the most debated, loved and hated, is the role of the imaginative playmaker, i.e. the player with creativity, able to deliver plays to break the monotony and predictability of the game. Motor imagination is not an innate motor gift difficult to develop and reserved only for the talented ones, but can be stimulated by poli-sportive experiences that offer activities rich with varied stimuli involving coordination. Also, to entice this ability, it is essential that the coach, during workouts, uses inductive methods including research, to accustom the young players to find different solutions to the same problem. On the other hands, the methods of imitation do not facilitate the development of different thinking and creative motor skill solutions. The striker can, for example, forced by circumstances, express his fantasy by inventing new ways to score through acrobatic solutions, the use of unusual anatomical areas such as the heel, the chest, the thigh and the combination of appropriate sequence schemes such as the run, the jump to bypass the sliding defender and a toe-poke shot.
RECEPTORS (ANALYZERS) Kinesthetic, static-dynamic and optical receptors Optical and audio receptors
Differentiation ability
Reaction ability
Balance ability
Adaptation and transformation ability Rhythmic ability Anticipation ability Motor imagination
Conditioning Abilities
U10 U11 U12 U13 U14 U15 U16 U17 U20
Instantaneous Explosive
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STRENGTH
Maximum Resistance Perceptive Anticipation Decisional Reaction SPEED Cyclic Motor Acyclic Motor Action Intervention Aerobic
ENDURANCE
22
Anticipation
Decisional Reaction Motor cyclic e acyclic Action Intervention
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SPEED OF PERCEPTION - It 's the ability for athletes to filter continuously the information that is important for the completion of the tactical game. SPEED OF ANTICIPATION - The ability for athletes to anticipate correctly and promptly the time and frequency of certain outcomes, and diagnosing the right conclusions for the next game situations To maximize anticipation, the optimal time of anticipation that must precede the start of movement and reaction is indicated in 1 "5. SPEED OF DECISION The ability for athletes to set some goals and make decisions about the implementation of a specific game. To optimize it is sufficient for training leave enough freedom and scope for decision to the player. SPEED REACTION The reaction time is divided into (Farfel 1977): - Preparatory phase: the time between the preparatory signal and a signal that initiates the reaction; - The stage of latency: the time period that goes from the signal until the beginning of motion response; - Implementation phase: period of time when the movement takes place. CYCLIC AND ACYCLIC SPEED - Cyclic: quality, which includes extensive action with which it progresses in space and are held in the form of sprints and runs. - Acyclic: the ability to perform a motor task in isolation, for example the jump, the heading, the blow in boxing, sank in the fencing, etc. it is characteristic of almost all the engagements in all team sports. SPEED OF ACTION The ability to perform specific actions in the game, in an emergency situation and under the opponents pressure. SPEED OF INTERVENTION The ability to act as quickly as possible with a maximum of efficiency using the cognitive, technical, physical, and tactical abilities.
ENDURANCE
ANAEROBIC
Alactic
Lactic
Duration of a training exercise > 2: From 2 to 8 Anaerobic lactic & Aerobic (Glucose)
Technical Abilities
Mastering psycho-motor skills & coordination abilities help to support & master technical abilities.
Psycho-Motor
Technical
Coordination
Adaption-transformation, Spatial-Temporal orientation, Combine couple movements. Differentiation, Adaption-transformation, SpatialTemporal orientation.
Dribbling (1 vs.1)
3rd Stage Heading
Fake (opponent)
Tackle
1 Stage Juggling: 2 Stage Good posture, Different parts of Foot, Arms out for Balance, Proper Foot Long Ball: Angle See passing
3 Stage
Didactic/Teaching Progression
Heading: Adjust to ball, Arch Passing Long Passing: Shooting: back, Proper posture, Adjust Stepping foot according to Adjust Stepping foot hit the ball with proper desired pass, Choose foot surface in according to desired surface, Good relation to the pass , Adjust pace and shot, Choose proper balance for next placement of the swing, Continue surface of foot in situation, Eyes open, swinging motion thru the ball keeping relation to shot, Adjust Mouth close good balance pace and Continue swinging motion thru Fake : Receiving Adjust body behind the the ball keeping good Body in relation to ball ball and towards the ball, Be aware of balance and move, space, Use proper body surface in relation to the ball, Relax receiving Tackle: body part upon impact of ball, Good Dribbling (1v.1): Proper surface toe, first touch See Guiding the ball.. instep, inside, body In addition proper posture, choose Guiding (Running) Ball: touch in relation to the proper moment, Proper step in each situation, Use situation and defender proper part of the foot in relation to the situation, Proper close or long touch, Good posture for good balance
Mastering psycho-motor skills & coordination abilities help to support & master technical abilities.
Psycho-Motor
Tactical
Coordination
Technical Abilities 1st Stage Passing Receiving Guiding (running) the ball Dribbling (1 vs.1)
Individual Tactical
Pass to Space or Feet, Control away from the pressure, timing, Proper pace of passing, Get Open, Proper body angle, Correct first touch according to pressure, Long or short touches and steps according to the situation, Recognize/use the space, React and adjust to the defender (s), Proper touch into space, Proper body position in relation to the ball and the defender, Change of speed
2nd Stage Long Passing Shooting 3rd Stage Heading Tackle Anticipate the ball and defender, Proper body angle, Recognize space Proper angle according to attacker and ball, timing, choose correct action according to situation slide tackle, toe poke, etc Space or body, driven, chipped or bent Look at/antcipate keeper, pass - inside, drive - instep, or long instep/out/in, good final touch,
172 hrs.
2,5% 2,5%
10%
PSICOMOTRICITA' CAPACITA' COORDINATIVE CAPACITA' CONDIZIONALI MOBILITA' ARTICOLARE PROPRIOCEZIONE TECNICA TATTICA
10%
5% 45%
25%
FIORENTINA METHOD
PSYCHO-MOTOR 45% COORDINATION ABILITIES 25% CONDITIONING ABILITIES 10% ARTICULAR MOBILITY 2.5% PROPRIOCEPTION 2.5% TECHNICAL 10% TACTICAL 5% 12th December 2011 ACF Fiorentina 2011 All rights reserved
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PRE ACROBATIC
COORDINATION CAPACITY
POSTURAL SCHEMES
SENSOPERCEPTIVE CAPACITY
COORDINATION CAPACITY*
PSYCHOMOTRICITY
ATHLETIC PHYSICAL WORK
COMBINE & COUPLE MOVEMENTS SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ORIENTATION Differentiate Reaction Balance Adaptation & Transformation Rhythm Anticipation Motor Imagination
COORDINATION CAPACITY
TACKLE 6%
HEADING 6%
DRIBBLING 10%
FAKE 4%
INDIVIDUAL TACTIC 4%
TEAM TACTIC 0%
JUGGLE 16%
PASSING-RECEIVING 16%
SHOOTING 13%
258 hrs.
2,5% 2,5%
PSICOMOTRICITA' CAPACITA' COORDINATIVE CAPACITA' CONDIZIONALI MOBILITA' ARTICOLARE PROPRIOCEZIONE TECNICA TATTICA
15%
5%
20%
20%
35%
MODELLO FIORENTINA
PSYCHO-MOTOR 20% COORDINATION ABILITIES 35% CONDITIONING ABILITIES 20% ARTICULAR MOBILITY 2.5% PROPRIOCEPTION 2.5% TECHNICAL 15% TACTICAL 5% 12th December 2011 ACF Fiorentina 2011 All rights reserved
40
40
PRE ACROBATIC
POSTURAL SCHEMES SENSOPERCEPTIVE CAPACITY
CYCLIC SPEED
AEROBIC CAPACITY
COORDINATION* CAPACITY
COORDINATION CAPACITY*
COMBINE & COUPLE MOVEMENTS SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ORIENTATION Differentiate Reaction Balance Adaptation & Transformation Rhythm Anticipation Motor Imagination
JUGGLE 14%
PASSING-RECEIVING 14%
GUIDING 14%
344 hrs.
PSICOMOTRICITA' CAPACITA' COORDINATIVE CAPACITA' CONDIZIONALI MOBILITA' ARTICOLARE PROPRIOCEZIONE TECNICA TATTICA
30%
46
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ACYCLIC SPEED
COORDINATION CAPACITY *
COORDINATION CAPACITY*
ATHLETIC PHYSICAL WORK COORDINATION CAPACITY 40% 60%
COMBINE & COUPLE MOVEMENTS SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ORIENTATION Differentiate Reaction Balance Adaptation & Transformation Rhythm Anticipation Motor Imagination
FAKE 5% TACKLE 5%
HEADING 4%
GUIDING 12%
DRIBBLING 10%
SHOOTING 10%
LONG P. 7%
432 hrs.
0% 10%
30% 35% 20%
PSICOMOTRICITA' CAPACITA' COORDINATIVE CAPACITA' CONDIZIONALI MOBILITA' ARTICOLARE PROPRIOCEZIONE TECNICA TATTICA
2,5%
2,5%
Ball is involved in the exercises with an objective of coordination & conditioning
MODELLO FIORENTINA
PSYCHO-MOTOR 0% COORDINATION ABILITIES 20% CONDITIONING ABILITIES 35% ARTICULAR MOBILITY 2.5% PROPRIOCEPTION 2.5% TECHNICAL 30% TACTICAL 10% 12th December 2011 ACF Fiorentina 2011 All rights reserved
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52
INSTANTANEOUS STRENGTH
EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH
COORDINATION CAPACITY*
PHYSICAL-ATHLETIC WORK
COORDINATION CAPACITY
60%
40%
COMBINE & COUPLE MOVEMENTS SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ORIENTATION Differentiate Reaction Balance Adaptation & Transformation Rhythm Anticipation Motor Imagination
TACKLE 5% FAKE 5%
PASSING-RECEIVING 14%
HEADING 5%
DRIBBLING 8%
GUIDING 10%
SHOOTING 11%
LONG P. 8%
516 hrs.
PSICOMOTRICITA' CAPACITA' COORDINATIVE CAPACITA' CONDIZIONALI MOBILITA' ARTICOLARE PROPRIOCEZIONE TECNICA TATTICA
45% 2,5%
2,5%
MODELLO FIORENTINA
Ball is involved in the exercises with an objective of conditioning
PSYCHO-MOTOR 0% COORDINATION ABILITIES 10% CONDITIONING ABILITIES 45% ARTICULAR MOBILITY 2.5% PROPRIOCEPTION 2.5% TECHNICAL 20% TACTICAL 20% 12th December 2011 ACF Fiorentina 2011 All rights reserved
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59
COORDINATION CAPACITY*
NEUROMUSCULAR WORK
ARTICULAR MOBILITY
INSTANTANEOUS STRENGTH
EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH
COORDINATION CAPACITY*
PHYSICAL ATHLETIC WORK
COORDINATION CAPACITY
80%
20%
COMBINE & COUPLE MOVEMENTS SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ORIENTATION Differentiate Reaction Balance Adaptation & Transformation Rhythm Anticipation Motor Imagination
LONG P. 5%
INDIVIDUAL TACTICAL 0%
TACKLE 3%
FAKE 3%
HEADING 3%
DRIBBLING 4%
COORDINATION CAPACITY
80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
PULCINI
ESORDIENTI
GIOVANISSIMI
ALLIEVI
PRIMAVERA
20% 15%
10% 5% 0% PULCINI ESORDIENTI GIOVANISSIMI ALLIEVI PRIMAVERA
TECHNICAL-TACTICAL WORK
40% 35% 30% 25% 20%