Mathematics QS 026 2009/10 Topic 9 Permutations and Combinations Tutorial _______________________________________________________________________ _ CHAPTER 9 : PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS 1. 2. 3.

3. When you use the Fundamental Counting Principle, what are you counting? What is the difference between a permutation and a combination? Decide if the situation involves permutations, combinations or neither. a. The number of ways 10 people can line up in a row for concert tickets b. The number of ways a four-member committee can be chosen from 15 people A deli has a lunch special which consists of a sandwich, soup, dessert and drink for $4.99. They offer the following choices: Sandwich: chicken salad, ham, and tuna, and roast beef Soup: tomato, chicken noodle, vegetable Dessert: cookie and pie Drink: tea, coffee, coke, diet coke and sprite How many lunch specials are there? A company places a 6-symbol code on each unit of product. The code consists of 4 digits, the first of which is the number 5, followed by 2 letters, the first of which is NOT a vowel. How many different codes are possible? Next semester you are going to take one science class, one math class, one history class and one english class. According to the schedule you have 4 different science classes, 3 different math classes, 2 different history classes, and 3 different English classes to choose from. Assuming no scheduling conflicts, how many different four-course selections can you make? How many arrangements are there of the letters in the words : a) KEMENTERIAN b) PELAJARAN c) MALAYSIA How many arrangement can be made from all the letters of MATRIKULASI if a. it begins with T b. it begins with T and end with M Six volumes of encyclopedia are placed on a shelf. In how many different ways can they be arranged? Two of the volumes are bound in red. In how many ways can the books now be arranged if the two red volumes are not next to each other? A row of 10 houses is to be painted in 3 colors; 2 houses are to be red, 3 to be blue and 5 to be white. Find the number of different ways in which the row of houses can be painted a. with no restrictions b. given that both the first and the last houses in the row are blue

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Mathematics QS 026 2009/10 Topic 9 Permutations and Combinations Tutorial _______________________________________________________________________ _ c. given that the first and last houses in the row are the same color. 11. How many ways can three balls be chosen randomly from a bag of 8 red balls, 3 white balls and 9 blue balls if a. all are red b. all are white c. two balls red and one white d. one ball for each color 12. There are eight competitors in the final of a 200m race. The first three competitors to complete the course will all receive medals. Calculate the number of different possible groups of medal winners. For a class photograph the eight tallest students have to stand in the back row. There are six boys and two girls in the back row. How many different ways can they be arranged if a. it does not matter who they stand next to?. b. the girls do not stand next to each other? In how many ways can a tennis team of six be chosen from a squad of eight players? 3 marbles are drawn at random from a bag containing 3 red and 5 white marbles. a. How many different draws are there? b. How many different draws would contain only red marbles? c. How many different draws would contain 1 red and 2 white marbles? d. How many different draws would contain exactly 2 red marbles? Find the number of selections of 4 letters that can be made from the letters in the word INTEGRAL. How many of these selections do not contain a vowel? You are planning a small garden. You have found six bushes that you would like, but only has room to plant four of them. You have also seen 10 border plants, but there is only space for eight of them. How many different ways can you plant your garden? Three are to be chosen to serve on the parent-teacher committee from 10 teachers at a school In how many ways can this be done? Ariffin says that he will not serve on the committee if Ismail is chosen With this restriction, in how many ways can the choice of teachers be made?. How many different selections can be made from the four letters r, s, t, u?

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Mathematics QS 026 2009/10 Topic 9 Permutations and Combinations Tutorial _______________________________________________________________________ _ 20. An art gallery has a total of 11 paintings by a particular artist; of these, 5 are oil paintings and 6 are watercolor paintings. The art gallery is asked to provide a special exhibition of this artists work but is restricted to show only five of the paintings. Calculate the number ways in which the five paintings can be selected for the exhibition if : a. there are no restrictions b. one particular painting must be included c. there must be exactly three watercolor paintings d. there must be more watercolor paintings than oil paintings A quiz team of five is to be chosen from seven men and six women. In how many ways can the team be chosen if: a. there is no restriction on the number of men and women b. there are three men and two women in the team c. there are three women and two men in the team d. there are more men than women in the team

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PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1. A 3 members committee is to be formed from 4 couples of husband and wife. Find the possible number of committee that can be formed: (a) if all the members are men (b) if the husband and the wife cannot be in the committee at the same time [2001 / 6 marks] A Mathematics Committee of 6 people is to be formed from 5 boys and 4 girls. Find the number of ways this committee can be formed if a) the sex of the person is not taken into account b) the number of boys must be more than the number of girls. [2002 / 7 marks] Fifteen glasses of similar colour and size are labeled each with a number from 1 to 15. In how many ways can (a) 8 glasses be selected such that 5 are labeled with odd numbers and the rest with even numbers? [2003 / 4 marks] (b) 5 glasses are arranged in a row such that the first 3 glasses are labeled with odd numbers and the other two with even numbers? [2003 / 3 marks] A gymnastic team consists of 5 men and 7 women. (a) In how many ways can the team be lined up if all the men have to be together? [2004 / 2 marks]

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Mathematics QS 026 2009/10 Topic 9 Permutations and Combinations Tutorial _______________________________________________________________________ _ (b) Find the number of ways a team of 5 members can be formed if the team consists of i) 3 men and 2 women [2004 / 2 marks] ii) at least 3 men [2004 / 3 marks] 5. (a) How many words consisting of three alphabets can be formed from the word TSUNAMI if i) none of the alphabets can be repeated ? [2004 / 2 marks] ii) every alphabet can only be used once in each word and no word starts with M? [2004 / 2 marks] How many ways can two alphabets be chosen from the word TSUN and one alphabet from the word AMI? [2004 / 2 marks]

(b) 6.

How many ways can all the alphabets from the word PUTRAJAYA be arranged if (a) the first letter is P and the last letter is A? [2005 / 2 marks] (b) all the letters A must be next to each other? [2005 / 2 marks] (c) they begin with a consonant and end with a vowel? [2005 / 2 marks] In a cooking competition, 6 out of 10 contestants are females. In how many ways can one choose (a) the champion, first and second runners-up? [2005 / 2 marks] (b) four winners consisting of at least two females? [2005 / 2 marks] (c) winners for first, second and third place consisting of two females and a male? [2005 / 2 marks] A total of 13 candidates comprising of 5 mathematicians and 8 physicists will be selected to form a committee. In how many ways can (a) a committee of 5 members can be formed if it consists of at least 3 mathematicians? [2006 / 4 marks] (b) all the candidates be placed in a row such that they always sit in a group of the same expertise? [2006 / 2 marks] (c) any 3 members may be selected from the candidates for the positions of president, secretary and treasurer? [2006 / 2 marks] (d) a committee of 5 members with a mathematician as president and a physicist as secretary can be formed? [2006 / 2 marks] a) There are 10 men, 15 women and 12 children participating in a family day event. i) In how many ways can a group of 7 men, 13 women and 10 children be formed if a particular lady and a particular child must be in that group? [2007/ 3 marks] ii) Thirty participants are required in an event. In how many ways can this group be formed if each group must consist of at least 8 men ? [2007/3 marks] b) A five-digit numbers may be formed from digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 with no

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Mathematics QS 026 2009/10 Topic 9 Permutations and Combinations Tutorial _______________________________________________________________________ _ repetition. How many i) five-digit numbers having values between 10000 and 50000 can be formed ? [2007/3 marks] ii) five-digit even numbers having values more than 60000 can be formed? [2007/3 marks] ANSWERS:. 1. You are counting the number of ways two or more events can occur in sequence. 2. A combination focuses on the selection of objects without regard to the order in which they are selected. order is not important to a combination. A permutation focuses on the arrangement of objects with regard to the order in which they are arranged. order is important to a permutation 3.(a) Permutation 3(b) Combination 4. 120 5. 546000 6. 72 7.(a) 3 326 400 7(b) 60 480 7(c) 6 720 8.(a) 907 200 (b) 90 720 9(a) 720 (b) 480 10(a) 2520 10(b) 168 10(c) 784 11(a) 56 11(b) 1 11(c) 84 11(d) 216 12. 336 13(a) 40 320 13(b) 30 240 14. 28 15(a) 56 15(b) 1 15(c) 30 15(d) 15 16. 70, 5 17. 675 18(a) 120 18(b) 112 19. 15 20(a) 462 20(b) 210 20(c) 200 20(d) 281 21(a) 1287 21(b) 525 21(c) 420 21(d) 756 ANSWERS FOR PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1(a) 4 3(a) 1960 4(a) 4838400 5(a)(i) 210 6(a) 2520 7(a) 720 8(a) 321 9(a) (i) 600600 TIPS 1. Make sure the formulae for permutation and combination are properly used. 2. For permutations, AB and BA are considered as two different arrangement. While, combinations take AB and BA as two equal arrangement. 3. The number of permutations of n different items taken r at a time is given by n! n pr = (n r )! 4. The number of combination of n different items taken r at a time is given by (b) 32 2a) 84 (b) 34 3(b) 14112 4(b)(i) 210 4(b)(ii) 246 5(a)(ii) 180 5(b) 18 6(b) 5040 6(c) 16800 7(b) 185 7(c) 360 8(b) 9676800 8(c) 1716 8(d) (ii) 7480980 (b) (i) 3360 (ii) 1200

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Mathematics QS 026 2009/10 Topic 9 Permutations and Combinations Tutorial _______________________________________________________________________ _ n! n cr = r!(n r )! 5. Please refer to CD 8 QS 026. (CD is available in the library)

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