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(a)
(i)
O2
H 2O
(1)
(ii)
Al +
O2
Al 2O3
(1)
(b)
Briefly explain why an unbalanced chemical equation cannot fully describe a reaction.
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(2)
(c)
Explain, as fully as you can, why a water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms but a
hydrogen chloride molecule contains only one.
Q2.
(a)
The formula for ammonia is NH3. What does the formula tell you about each molecule
of ammonia?
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(3)
Page 1 of 11
(b)
Ammonia is used to make nitric acid (HNO3). Calculate the formula mass (Mr) for nitric
acid. (Show your working).
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(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q3.
(b)
H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3
H2
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Page 2 of 11
Q4.
(a)
To gain full marks for this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them
into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.
Explain, as fully as you can, why diamond has a high melting point.
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(3)
Page 3 of 11
(b)
The diagram below shows the outer electron shells of five carbon atoms in the giant lattice
of diamond.
Carbon atom C forms bonds with each of the carbon atoms W, X, Y and Z.
Draw the positions of all the electrons in the outer shells of each of carbon atoms C, W, X,
Y and Z.
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q5.
Some drain cleaners contain a mixture of sodium hydroxide and powdered aluminium.
When the mixture is poured into a drain it mixes with water and a chemical reaction takes place.
The heat from the reaction helps to melt grease in the drain. Hydrogen gas is produced which
stirs up the particles and helps to unclog the drain.
(a)
(b)
Why do the solid sodium hydroxide and aluminium powder not react when stored in a
sealed container?
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(1)
Page 4 of 11
(c)
Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali and would react with any acids in the drain.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Name the compound formed when these ions react with each other.
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(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q6.
Sodium hydroxide, hydrogen and chlorine can all be made in one industrial process.
Electricity is passed through aqueous sodium chloride solution (brine). The diagram below
shows a cell that can be used for this process.
(a)
Name A, B and C.
Gas A .........................................................................................................................
Gas B .........................................................................................................................
Solution C ..................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
(ii)
.......... H+ + ............ e H2
(2)
(c)
Name the compound in this cell which produces the hydrogen ions.
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(1)
Page 5 of 11
(d)
Which type of particles must be able to pass through the barrier to allow the electrolysis to
take place?
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(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q7.
Diesel oil is obtained from crude oil. It can be used as a fuel for car engines. The diagram
below represents a compound found in diesel oil.
(a)
(b)
Q8.
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEPS 1 to 3
STEP 4
Page 6 of 11
(a)
GeCl 4
............ H2O
(1)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2H2
Ge + 2H 2O
(ii)
Calculate the mass of germanium which could be made from 525 g of germanium
oxide. (Relative atomic masses: Ge = 73; O = 16).
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Mass ......................................... g
(3)
(e)
Give as much evidence as you can from the information in this question to support
the view that germanium is a metal. Explain your answer as fully as you can.
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(3)
Page 7 of 11
(ii)
Give as much evidence as you can from the information in this question to support
the view that germanium is a non-metal. Explain your answer as fully as you can.
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(3)
(Total 13 marks)
Q9.
(b)
(i)
Page 8 of 11
(ii)
it must not be allowed to come into contact with combustible materials such as
fuels because it can cause these to catch fire.
Q10.
(a) Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium (Mg) and
oxygen (O2) to form magnesium oxide (MgO).
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(1)
(b)
Magnesium atom
Draw a similar diagram to show the electronic structure of an oxygen atom.
The atomic (proton) number of oxygen is 8.
(1)
Page 9 of 11
(c)
Magnesium ions and oxide ions are formed when magnesium reacts with oxygen.
The diagram shows the electronic structure of an oxide ion.
Oxide ion
Draw a similar diagram to show the electronic structure of a magnesium ion.
(1)
(d)
(e)
Indigestion tablets can be made from magnesium oxide. The magnesium oxide neutralises
some of the hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
Complete the word equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and hydrochloric
acid.
hydrochloricacid + magnesiumoxide
......................
water.
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
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