REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FOR FEMALE OUTLINE: A. Fxn= production ova, secretion hormones, & development fetus B.

PELVIC ORGANS a. Ovaries- secrete estrogen (mature follicle) & progesterone (ruptured follicle)-maintains lining uterus and implantation of egg. i. Ovulation of ova due to FSH (matures the follicle) & LH (matures follicle & causes ovulation) b. Fallopian tubes- fimbriae massage ova out of follicle, fertilization takes place here c. Uterus- fundus, corpus (body), cervix d. Vagina- secretions help fight infection e. Vulva-external genitalia i. Mons pubis, Labia majora & minora, Clitoris, Vaginal orifice, Urethral meatus, Skenes gland- lubes urethral meatus *only palpable when infected, Bartholins gland- lubes vagina *only palpable if infected f. Breast C. Reproductive system regulated by positive & negative feedback loop: decreased estrogenhypothalamus releases GnRHstimulates anterior pituitary release FSHincreases estrogenincreased GnRH increased LH ruptured follicle release progesterone. D. Menarche begins between 10-16yrs, can be irregular and anovulatory for 2 yrs a. Average cycle 28dys, ovulation 14dys prior beginning of cycle E. Menopause= cessation menarche- no periods for year diagnosis (42-58) a. After menopause, ovaries secrete androstenedioneconverted to estrogen (estrone) in body fat, Bone needs estrogen to for calcium uptake & it increases the metabolism of vit. Dosteoporosis F. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: a. URINE STUDIES: i. Pregnancy test- +ive when detects hCG after 1st missed period (human chorionic gonadotropin) hormone ~ det menstrual hx & s/s pregnancy b. BLOOD STUDIES: i. Serum hCG test- dont need wait till miss period~ in men detects testicular malignancy N<5mLU/mL~ instruct blood drawn in lab

c. CYTOLOGIC STUDIES: i. Papanicolaou test PAP- detects precancerous & cancerous lesions , +18 &/or sexually active get test q3yrs or by 21 (65-70 may choose stop)~no douching, vaginal preparations, deodorants, or sexual intercourse 24hrs prior; perineal pad after d. RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES: i. Mammography- x-ray breast~ no deodorants, creams, powders under breasts or arms, check possibility pregnancy e. INVASIVE PROCEDURES: need informed consent & anesthesia i. Colposcopy- visualizes cervix w/ binocular..like speculum exam ~ no douching, vaginal preparations 24-48hrs priorif biopsy perineal pad after, no lifting, tampons, or vaginal intercourse 2wks, report bleeding & s/s infection ii. Conization-cone shaped sample squamocolumnar cells of cervix ~explain, requires hospitalization & sedation, rest 3dys after, need 3wk follow-up iii. Laparoscopy (peritoneoscopy)-visualizes pelvic structures & instils CO2 explains, sedation, rest 1-3dys, expect shoulder pain, analgesics, change bandage & observe s/s bleeding. No strenuous activity 1wk iv. Dilation & Curettage- dilation cervix & curetting endometrial liningexplain, sedation, informed consentfrequent pad check first 48 hrs, prophylactic antibiotics, follow-up after 3weeks.