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ME 521 Analytical Methods in Engineering I

Fall 2012
Homework 6
Due date: January 4, 2013
Submit the solutions of only problems 1, 2 and 3 to B-175 until 16:45 on the due date.

1. The temperature distribution in a 2-m long brass rod is governed by the problem
0
2
=
t xx
u u o , ( 2 0 < < x , < < t 0 )
( ) 10 , 0 = t u , ( 0 > t )
( ) 0 , 2 = t u
x
, ( 0 > t )
( )
( )
( )

< <
< < +
=
2 4 . 0
4 . 0 0
50
10 100
0 ,
x
x x
x u
where s m / 10 7 . 2
2 5
= o
Determine the solution for ( ) t x u , using separation of variables. All coefficients must be evaluated
you must not leave any in integral form.
2. Consider the one-dimensional diffusion in an infinite medium given by:
( ) t x F u u
t xx
,
2
= o , ( < < x , < < t 0 )
( ) ( ) x f x u = 0 , , ( < < x )
( ) 0 , lim

=

t x u
x

where ( ) t x F , is a source term and ( ) x f is the initial temperature distribution.
a. Using the Laplace transform, determine the response of the system for:
( ) ( ) ( ) t t F t x F t 2 sin , = = and ( ) 0 = x f
b. Using the Fourier transform, determine the response of the system for:
( ) 0 , = t x F and ( ) ( ) x x f o = , where ( ) x o is the Dirac impulse function.

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3. The wave equation is given for an infinite string with the wave speed, 25 = c . For the given
initial condition, sketch the string deflection at the time instants 06 . 0 , 04 . 0 , 02 . 0 , 0 = t on
y x graph for the given time instances. Your sketches must be drawn by hand and cover the
range 5 5 < < x . Label your sketches properly so that all amplitudes, wave shapes/lengths,
etc. are clearly understood.
tt xx
y y c =
2
, ( < < x , < < t 0 )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | | ( ) ( ) ( ) | | 1 1 1 1 0 , + + + = x H x H x x H x H x x y , ( ) 0 0 , = x y
t
. ( < < x )
4. Consider the diffusion problem given by the equation:
0
2
=
t xx
u u o , ( L x < < 0 , < < t 0 )
( ) ( ) x f x u = 0 , , ( L x < < 0 )
Solve for the temperature distribution using the method of separation of variables for each of the
below cases. You may use a half- or a quarter-range cosine or sine expansion, as appropriate.
Evaluate the expansion coefficients explicitly, rather than leaving them in integral form. Also,
identify the steady-state solution ( ) x u
s
.
i. 2 = L , ( ) 10 , 0 = t u , ( ) 5 , 2 = t u
x
, ( ) 10 = x f
ii. 5 = L , ( ) 0 , 0 = t u , ( ) 0 , 5 = t u , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5 / 9 sin 6 5 / sin 37 sin x x x x f t t t + =
Ans: i. ( ) ( )
( )

=
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
+ =
, 5 , 3 , 1
4
2 / 1
2 2
2
4
sin 1
80
5 10 ,
n
t
n
n
e
x n
n
x t x u
to
t
t

( ) x x u
s
5 10 =
ii. ( ) ( )
( )
t
t
t
e
x
e x e
x
t x u
2
2
2
5
9
5
5
9
sin 6 sin
5
sin 37 ,
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
+ + |
.
|

\
|
=
to
to
to
t
t
t
, ( ) 0 = x u
s

5. The wave equation is given for an infinite string with the wave speed, 100 = c .
tt xx
y y c =
2
, ( < < x , < < t 0 )
For the given initial conditions below, sketch the solution at 02 . 0 = t and 04 . 0 = t on y x graph.
i. ( ) ( ) x H x y = 0 , , ( ) 0 0 , = x y
t
( < < x )
ii. ( ) 0 0 , = x y , ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 0 , + = x H x H x y
t
( < < x )
Ans:
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6. Solve the 2-D steady-state diffusion problem 0 = +
yy xx
u u in the rectangle 3 0 < < x ,
2 0 < < y by separation of variables, subject to the given boundary conditions. Sketch the
isotherms roughly by hand.
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 , 3 2 , , 0 = = = y u x u y u
x
, ( ) ( ) 2 50 50 0 , = x H x u
Ans: ( )

=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
, 3 , 1
6
cosh
6
sinh
3
coth
6
cos
3
sin
200
,
n
y
n
y
n n
x
n n
n
y x u
t t t t t
t


7. Solve 0 = +
yy xx
u u in the square 2 0 < < x , 2 0 < < y by separation of variables, subject to
the given boundary conditions.
( ) ( )
|
.
|

\
|
= =
2
sin 100 , 2 , 0
y
y u y u
t
, ( ) ( )
|
.
|

\
|
= =
2
sin 100 2 , 0 ,
x
x u x u
t

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
0
1
0
1
0
1
x
y
(
x
,
t
)
x-ct=0 x+ct=0


t=0
t=0.02
t=0.04
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
0.01
0
0.01
0
0.01

x-ct=1 x+ct=-1 x-ct=-1 x+ct=-1
x
y
(
x
,
t
)


t=0
t=0.02
t=0.04
0 0 0 0
1
0
1
0
10
10
2
0
2
0
20
3
0
30
30
4
0
40
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
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Ans: ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
(
(
(
(

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
2
sin
2
sinh
2
2
sin
2
2
sinh
2
sin
2
2
sinh
2
sin
2
sinh
sinh
100
,
x y y x
x y y x
y x u
t t t t
t t t t
t


8. For the Laplace equation 0 = +
yy xx
u u in the square 2 0 < < x , 2 0 < < y subject to the given
boundary conditions, sketch the isotherms.
( ) ( ) ( ) 20 2 , , 2 , 0 = = = x u y u y u , ( ) 0 0 , = x u
x

Ans: ( ) 20 , = y x u . Temperature is equal everywhere. No isotherms but an isosurface.







2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
4
0
4
0
4
0
4
0
60
60
60
60
8
0
8
0
8
0
8
0
8
0
8
0
8
0
8
0
8
0
8
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2