Forming the feminine and the plural of the adjectives Most adjectives are variable.

An adjective modifying a neuter noun is masculine in form in the singular, and feminine in the plural. The dictionary form of the adjective, i.e. the masculine singular nominative forms, ends in consonant, u, -e or -i. The forms for the feminine and the plural can be constructed by changing the ending of the adjective singular plural through addition (+) or substitution (). Phonetic mutations may occur in the feminine and plural forms. masculine masculine and neuterfeminine feminine and neuter -e -i Four-form adjectives mare big mari Two- verzi verde green singular plural dulce sweet dulci masculine and neuterfeminine / -ui feminine and neuter -e / -uie-i masculine/-ui -i -cons.+ - + -e + -i vechi vechi oldveche bun lbui yellowishglbuie bun bune g good glbui buni frumos beautifulfrumoas frumoase frumoi --u adjectives: -e There are two groups of two-form -i mndru proudmndr mndre mndri albastru bluealbastr albatri 1. masculine singular = feminine singular and masculine plural = albastre plural feminine continucontinuu continuous continue continui - adjectives that end in -e in the masculine singular: pom mare big tree, cas mare most Romanian adjectives have four foms big house and pomi mari masculine singular occurs when the ending -u for the big trees, case mari big houses the stem ends in consonant + r or l or in -u 2. masculine singular = masculine plural = feminine plural There are some irregular four-form adjectives, such as: greu, grea, grei, grele heavy, difficult; ru, rea, ri, rele bad, evil. - adjectives that end in -i in the masculine singular form adjectives Three-form adjectives friend (m.), prieten veche old friend (f.), prieten vechi old prieteni vechi old friends (m.), prietene vechi old friends (f.) plural singular masculinefeminine and neuter masculine and neuterfeminine + -i The adjective -g)+ vivid has also two forms masculine singular = masculine plural and feminine singular = -cons. (-c, vioi - mici feminine plural mic small mic tnr vioi larg young man, tineri vioi vivid young men andlargi larg vivid wide tnr vioaie vivid young lady, tinere vioaie vivid young romneti ladies romneascromnesc Romanian -ii -u (-iu) -ie roii rou redroie vii viu alivevie aurii auriu golden (color)aurie -tori-toare -tor-toare fermectorifermectoare fermector charmingfermectoare One-form adjectives

There are two groups of three-form adjectives: 1. masculine plural = feminine plural adjectives that end in -c or -g in the masculine singular: biei mici little boys, fetie mici little girls NOTE: some adjectives that end in -c, -g have four forms: srac, srac, sraci, srace poor, harnic, harnic, harnici, harnice hard-working, pribeag, pribeag, pribegi, pribege wandering, rambling. - adjectives that in -esc in the masculine singular: omenesc, omeneasc, omeneti human, romnesc, romneasc, romneti Romanian, etc. pantofi romneti Romanian shoes (m.), cri romneti Romanian books (f.) - adjectives that end in -iu in the masculine singular: auriu, aurie, aurii golden: perei aurii golden walls (m.), cupole aurii golden cupolas (f.) - the irregular adjective nou, nou, noi new: pantofi noi new shoes (m.), case noi new houses (f.) 2. feminine singular = feminine plural adjectives that end in -tor in the masculine singular: o piatr strlucitoare a shining stone, nite pietre strlucitoare some shining stones

When the noun takes the indefinite article, in case of inversion the article will precede the adjective: Doamna Alexandrescu este o actri remarcabil. ~ Doamna Alexandrescu este o remarcabil actri!
Mrs. Alexandrescu is a remarkable actress!

When the noun takes the definite article, in case of inversion the article will be attached to the adjective: Actria excepional de pe scen este doamna Alexandrescu. ~ Excepionala actri de pe scen este doamna Alexandrescu. The outstanding actress on the stage is Mrs. Alexandrescu. When the noun is preceded by a descriptive adjective and a possessive pronominal adjective, in case of inversion both the adjective and the possessive will precede the noun, and the article will be attached to the descriptive adjective. The initial word order noun (article) + possessive + adjective will thus become adjective (article) + possessive + noun: El este prietenul meu bun Alexandru. ~ El este bunul meu prieten Alexandru. Here is my good friend Alexandru. Some adjectives, for instance the one-form adjectives designating colors (roz pink, bej beige, kaki khaki) can never be placed before the noun they modify. The adjective biet, biat, biei, biete poor, unhappy can only be placed before the noun it modifies: E un biet cine la ua noastr. There's a poor dog at our door. Bietul cine de la ua noastr este mic. The poor dog at our door is small. Adjectival declension

The usage of the adjective in pre-position The adjective usually comes after the noun.However, in some emphatic constructions, the adjective can precede thenoun. When placed before the noun, the adjective acquires an additional intensity, and the whole structure adjective +noun indicates a strong emotional involvement singular of the speaker. This is why the structure masculine and neuter adjective + noun often occurs in un of adverbial origin,un well as borrowed names of colors have only one invariable form: om actor talentat; as roman minunat N.-A. Some adjectives un talentat actor; un minunat roman cumsecade decent man, femeie cumsecade decent woman; oameni cumsecade decent men, femei cumsecade decent unui actor talentat; unui roman minunat G.-D. women; perete roz unui talentat actor; unui ,minunat roman , rochii roz pink dresses. pink wall, rochie roz pink dress perei roz pink walls all gendersactorul talentat; romanul minunat and numbers N.-A. exclamatory sentences: various talentatul actor; minunatul roman endings Ce cas frumoas! ~ Frumoas G.-D. eficaceactorului talentat; romanului minunat efficient cas! What a beautiful house! cumsecade nice, kind, decent talentatului actor; minunatului roman roz pink kaki khaki masculine gri gray nite actori talentai bleu light blue nite talentai actori maro brown unor actori talentai G.-D. unor talentai actori actorii talentai N.-A. talentaii actori actorilor talentai G.-D. talentailor actori

The comparative of superiority The comparative of superiority is formed with the adverb mai more preceding the actual adjective, and with the comparative prepositions dect ori ca following it: mai + adjective + dect / ca + accusative Filmul este mai interesant dect / ca romanul. The movie is more interesting than the novel. Am vzut un film mai interesant dect acesta. I saw a movie more interesting than this one. Ea este mai mare dect mine. She is older than me. El e mai mic ca tine. He's younger than you. the comparative preposition ca is more frequent than dect in colloquial speech nouns and pronouns after dect or ca are in the accusative case the adverb mai can be reinforced by other adverbs like mult, cu mult, incomparabil, infinit: Filmul este mult mai / cu mult mai interesant dect romanul. The movie is much more interesting than
the novel

The comparative of equality The comparative of equality is formed with the adverbial structures tot aa de / tot att de / la fel de as, identically preceding the actual adjective, and with the comparative prepsitions ca or ca i following it: The general rule for the declension of the adjective is the same as for the noun, i.e. only the feminine adjectives have special special endings, for the genitive-dative singular. These endings are identical to those of the nominative plural. When noun + adjective or adjective + noun group is declined with the indefinite article, the article precedes the whole structure, regardless the word order. When such a nominal group is declined with the definite article, the first member of the nominal group takes the article. tot aa de / tot att de / la fel de + adjective+ ca (i) + accusative Filmul este tot aa de interesant ca romanul. The movie feminine is as interesting as the novel is. o actri talentat Am vzut un film la fel de interesant ca acesta. I saw a o talentat actri movie as interesting as this one. unei actrie talentate El este tot att de nalt ca i mine. He is as tall as I am. Ea e tot att de scund ca i tine. She is as short as you are. unei talentate actrie actria talentat nouns and pronouns after ca / ca i are in the accusative case talentata actri actriei talentate talentatei actrie The comparative of plural inferiority feminine and neuter The comparative of inferiority is nite romane minunatenite actrie talentate formed with the adverbial nite minunate romanenite talentate actrie structure mai puin less preceding unor romane minunateunor actrie talentate the actual adjective, and with the unor minunate romaneunor talentate actrie comparative prepositions dect or romanele minunateactriele talentate ca following it: minunatele romanetalentatele actrie romanelor minunateactrielor talentate mai puin + adjective + minunatelor romanetalentatelor actrie dect / ca + accusative

N.-A.

Filmul este mai puin interesant dect romanul. The movie is less interesting than the novel. Am vzut un film mai puin interesant dect acesta. I saw a movie less interesting than this one. El este mai puin nalt dect mine. He is less tall than I am. A scris compunerea cea mai frumoas. She wrote the most beautiful compostion. A scris cea mai frumoas compunere. She wrote the most beautiful composition. Compunerea ei este cea mai frumoas din clas. Her composition is the most beautiful in class. Ea e mai puin gras ca tine. She is less fat than you. nouns and pronouns after dect or ca are in the accusative the adverb mai puin can be reinforced by other adverbs, such as mult, cu mult: Filmul este cu mult mai puin interesant dect romanul. The film is much less interesting than the
novel.

The superlative relative of superiority The superlative relative of superiority is formed with the adverbial structure cel / cea / cei / cele mai the most preceding the actual adjective: cel / cea / cei / cele mai + adjective [+ dintre / din] El a scris referatul cel mai interesant. He wrote the most interesting paper. El a scris cel mai intersant referat. He wrote the most interesting paper. Referatul lui este cel mai interesant din grup. His paper is the most interesting in class. Referatul lui este cel mai interesant dintre toate referatele din grup. His paper is the most
interesting among all the papers in the class

Compunerea ei este cea mai frumoas dintre toate compunerile din clas. Her composition is
the most beautiful of all the compositions in the class.

-the element cel, cea, cei, cele that comes before the invariable component mai takes the gender and the number of the modified noun -when the adjective comes after the noun it modifies, the noun takes the definite article: romanul cel mai interesant the most interesting novel, cartea cea mai interesant the most interesting book, colegii cei mai interesani the most interesting colleagues (m.), colegele cele mai interesante the most interesting colleagues (f.) -the adjective in the superlative degree can precede the modified noun, in which case the noun loses the definite article: romanul cel mai interesant but cel mai interesant roman the most interesting novel -the complement of the adjective in the superlative relative is preceded by the preposition dintre when it is a noun or a pronoun in the plural, usually showing the group of homogenous objects the modified noun belongs to: cel mai bun dintre studeni the best among all the students, cea mai bun dintre noi the best one among
us

-the complement of the adjective in the superlative is preceded by the preposition din when it is a noun or a pronoun in the singular: cel mai bun din clas the best one in class The superlative relative of inferiority The superlative of inferiority is formed with the adverbial structure cel / cea / cei / cele mai puin the least preceding the actual adjective: cel / cea / cei / cele mai puin + adjective [+ dintre / din] A scris referatul cel mai puin interesant. He wrote the least interesting paper. A scris cel mai puin interesant referat. He wrote the least interesting paper. Referatul lui este cel mai puin interesant din grup. He wrote the less interesting paper in the class. Referatul lui este cel mai puin interesant dintre toate referatele din grup. He wrote the least

interesting paper of all the papers in the class.

-the element cel, cea, cei, cele takes the gender and the number of the modified noun -if the adjective comes after the modified noun, the noun always takes the definite article: romanul cel mai puin interesant the least interesting novel, cartea cea mai puin interesant the least interesting book -the adjective in the superlative degree can precede the modified noun, in which case the noun loses the definite article: romanul cel mai puin interesant but cel mai puin interesant roman the least
interesting novel

The superlative absolute The superlative absolute is formed with different adverbs preceding the actual adjective. The most frequent adverb is foarte very : foarte / tare / extrem de / ct se poate de + adjective Am citit un articol foarte interesant. I've read a very interesting article. Am citit o carte tare proast. I read a very bad book. Am vzut un film extrem de interesant. I saw an extremely interesting movie. Prerea ei este ct se poate de important. Her opinion is really important. the standard adverb used to form the superlative absolute is foarte the other adverbs or adverbial constructions are emotionally marked the adverb tare is used in the colloquial style Adjectives that do not form degrees of comparison Some adjectives do not form degrees of comparison: superior superior, inferior inferior, prim prime, first, ultim last, ultimate, major major, minor minor, perfect perfect, desvrit perfect, anterior previous, anterior, ulterior ulterior, asemenea alike, optim optimal, unic unique, suprem supreme.

-when the complement of the adjective in the superlative relative is a noun or a pronoun in the plural, usually showing the group of homogenous objects to which the modified noun belongs to, it is preceded by the preposition dintre: cel mai puin amabil dintre studeni the least kind among the students, cea mai puin amabil dintre noi the least kind among us -when the complement of the adjective in the superlative is is a noun or a pronoun in the singular, it is preceded by the preposition din: cel mai puin silitor din clas the least hard-working in class